FOREWORD Preparation of District Plan with Convergence on all platforms for Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana for Chikkaballapura, an absolute rainfed district is very challenging. But, it is an opportunity indeed, to plan for equity in water management. First opportunity is to extend availability of water from 45 rainy days to 365 days. There is ample water to meet Domestic and Livestock needs of the district throughout the year, yet it provides an opportunity to develop a well-oiled distribution mechanism. The second opportunity is to meet crop water demand in a situation where peak season demand is more than what rain water can supply. Carrying cumulative net deficit rainfall of over 383 mm of past 14 years, ground water use is stretched to meet shortfall in supply. There is a distinct change is rainfall pattern, with a trend of 50% of the year’s ending as rainfall deficit years from a record where it used to be just 14.5%. The district is presently carrying a net deficit of 383 mm rainfall since 2002, with two spells of drought between 2002-04 and 2012 and 2014. The shortfall in meeting crop water demand and cumulative deficit rainfall have left ground water in critical and over exploited state. Basics of Crop Water Management in Semi-Arid Tropics, requires treating Catchment Area to stop and store rain water in the first place and Insitu Moisture management on farmers’ fields to meet complete crop water demand in peak cropping season. The district Irrigation Plan focusses on a paradigm shift to reduce runoffs and develop “Large Scale Deeper Sub-Surface Water Traps” in farm lands. The ii technology to be adopted here are “Soil Ripping” to enhance capillary regions in soil depth up to 4 ft coupled with an intensive “Soil Organic Matter enrichment Programme” with small and marginal farmers as prime focus. The expected impact is that the two complimentary actions will trap 4 times more water in soil than at present and they reduce rain water losses on a large scale. This is our first USP. The critical ground water situation in the entire district is being addressed with an “Accelerated Ground Water Recharge” plan. The plan is to re-use treated sewage water from Bangalore City to fill 44 identified Tanks as a means of recharge ground water in agriculturally critical regions. This plan aims to reduce the deficit rainfall of past 15 years in the long term on a sustainable basis. This is our second USP. Presently around 48% of rainfall is being lost in evaporation, short terms flow in to streams, especially in forest, pasture and barren lands which form 50% of the geographical area. The third USP is to enhance carrying capacity of water bodies and increase “Runoff Stoppers” to ensure maximum storage of rain water and recharge of ground water in excess years. The district is embarking on an ambitious long term plan to “Revive and Rejuvenate five Rivers”. The District Irrigation plan addresses this with a substantial convergence of watershed activities. To be a 100% precision irrigated district in all the farms that use ground water in agriculture is our aim. The expected impact of proposed investment of Rs. 2500 Crores in this plan is reduce ground water exploitation stage from 145% to around 100% in the next five years. All of the USPs are drivers for attaining the objective of “Doubling the Farm Income” by 2020. Mrs. Dipti Aditya Kanade, IAS Deputy Commissioner and President for District Level Implementation Committee Chikkaballapura District iii iv Contents S. No Description Page No. Foreword: (by District Collector) i Index ii I Introduction i Background 1 ii Vision 8 iii Objective 9 iv Strategy and Approach 11 Chapter-I: General Information of the District 1.1 District Profile 23 1.2 Demography 24 1.3 Biomass and Livestock 26 1.4 Agro Ecology 28 1.5 Soil Profile 31 1.6 Soil Erosion 33 1.7 Land Use Pattern 33 Chapter-II: District Water Profile 2.1 Area-wise, Crop-wise Production 69 2.2 Production and Productivity of Crops 70 2.3 Irrigation Based Classification 71 Chapter-III: Water Availability 3.1 Status of Water Availability 78 3.2 Status of Ground Water 80 3.3 Status of Command Area 81 3.4 Existing Type of Irrigation 81 Chapter-IV: Water Requirement and Demand 4.1 Domestic Water Demand 88 4.2 Crop Water Demand 90 4.3 Livestock Water Demand 91 4.4 Industrial Water Demand 92 4.5 Water Demand for Power Generation 93 4.6 Total Water Demand for Various Sectors 93 4.7 Water Budget 93 Chapter-V: Strategic Action Plan 5.1 Block-wise, Component -wise Activities and Cost Estimates 103 v Appendix Map No. Description Page No. 1 Administrative Map of Chikkaballapura District 2 Map of Chikkaballapura Taluk 3 Map of Bagepalli Taluk 4 Map of Chintamani Taluk 5 Map of Gowribidanur Taluk 6 Map of Gudibande taluk 7 Map of Shidlaghatta Taluk 8 9 Map of Soils of Chikkaballapura District 10 Map of Irrigated Soils 11 Map of Soil Slope in Chikkaballapura District 12 Map of Soil Erosion – Areas Prone 13 Map of Soil Drainage in Chikkaballapura District 14 Map of Hydrograph and drain 15 Map of Hydrology of Chikkaballapura District 16 Map of Depth of Ground Water – Pre-monsoon 17 Map of Depth of Ground Water – Post Monsoon 18 Map of Ground water Utilisation 19 Map of Ground Water Quality 20 Land Use of District 21 Soil Type of District 22 Cultivable Command Area 23 Cropping Pattern 24 Surface and Su-surface Water 25 Sub-basin Watershed 26 Irrigation- Canals and Other Sources 27 Industrial Sewerage Treatment Plants 28 Urban and Peri-urban agriculture zones vi Tables Table No. Description Page No. 1.1 District Profile 37 1.2 Demography 38 1.3 Livestock and Biomass 64 1.4 Agro Ecology 65 1.5 Soil Profile 66 1.6 Soil Erosion 67 1.7 Land Use Pattern 68 2.1 Area-wise, Crop-wise Irrigation Status 73 2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops 74 2.3 Irrigation based Classification 77 3.1 Status of Water Availability 83 3.2 Status of Ground Water Availability 85 3.3 Status of Command Area 86 3.4 Existing Type of Irrigation 87 4.1 Domestic Water Demand 97 4.2 Crop Water Demand 98 4.3 Livestock Water Demand 100 4.4 Industrial Water demand 101 4.5 Water Demand for Power Generation 101 4.6 Water demand for Various Sectors 102 4.7 Water Budget 102 5.1 Block-wise component-wise Action plan 103 vii Graphs 1 Population of District 26 2 Livestock Population Small Animals 27 3 Livestock Population Large Animals 28 4 Normal Rainfall 29 5 Month wise Rainfall 30 6 Productivity of Crops 71 7 8 9 10 Maps 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 viii Other Tables (Part of text report) 1 Latitude and Longitude of District 23 2 Administrative Details 24 3 Taluk wise Population 25 4 Livestock – Small Animals Population 26 5 Livestock population Large Animals 27 6 Agro-Ecology 29 7 Agro-ecology – Temperature 30 8 Agro-ecology – Evapo-transpiration 31 9 Soil Profile 32 10 Land Use Pattern 35 11 Land Use Pattern Taluk wise 35 12 Cropwise, Seasonwise Irrigation Status 69 13 Taluk wise source of irrigation Status 70 14 Irrigation Based Classification 72 15 Stage of Ground Water Availability 79 16 Source wise Seasonwise crops under irrigation 80 17 Status of Ground Water Availability 81 18 Domestic Water Demand 88 19 Urban Water Supply Sources 89 20 Crop Water Demand0 90 21 Estimation of Crop Water Demand Season-wise 91 22 Livestock Water Demand 92 23 Livestock Water Demand Taluk-wise 92 24 Consolidated Water Demand 93 25 Water Availability from Different Sources 94 26 Water Budget 94 ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction IT’S A RAINFED, WATER DEFICIT Background DISTRICT Chikkaballapura district has the Five seasonal rivers take distinction of being the only district with two birth in the district but Highest Civilian Award “Bharath Ratna” in the it’s a “No Rain No Country. The district is proud to be home of Shri River” deal. There is no Sir M Viswesvaraya, the greatest ever engineer inflow from other areas. of this country and Dr. C N R Rao, a Scientist The average rainfall of and Academician of International fame. Nandi 722 mm on 4.04 lakh Hills brings the name “Hill Station of the Plains” hectares of land yields of to the district, and the places of historical and 2.92 BCM of water and mythological importance put this district in an after all losses –Water important place. available for use is 1.79 BCM (including Ground Known as the “Gateway to North”, the Water) district has multi-cultural, multi-lingual population owing to its Kannada, Telugu and Normal Water demand Maratha influenced history. It is commercially from various segments in the district is 1.40 BCM referred to as “Silk and Milk” District. For long, trade has been an important activity, Chintamani Any deficit in rainfall by Town has been a popular Gold, Silver and Silk 50 mm causes a shortfall trade centre for long. of 0.17 BCM. In the past 15 years there has been The district lies between 13° 26' 3" North, cumulative deficit of 383 77° 43' 27" East. The district is surrounded by mm or the district is Andhra Pradesh on north, Bangalore Rural running on a deficit of 1.302 BCM already 1 | Page district on south, Kolar district on east and WHY IS IT Tumkur district on west.