1957 CONGRESSIONAL ;RECORD- HOUSE 7919 By Mr. JONES of Missouri: _ By Mr. CELLER: By Mr. O'BRIEN of New York: H. R. 7816. A bill to increase farm income H. R. 7819. A bill 'to authorize Hon. VICTOR H. R. 7826. A bill for the relief of Israel and to expand markets for cotton by en­ L. ANFUso, Member of Congress, to accept Baird Poskanzer; to the Committee on the abling cotton to be sold comi?etitively in do­ and wear the awards of Commander of the Judiciary. mestic and foreign markets; to the Com­ Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, and mittee on Agriculture. Commander of the National Order of Merit PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. ABERNETHY: "Carlos Manuel de Cespedes," Cuba; to the H. R. 7817. A bill to increase farm income Committee on Foreign Affairs. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions and to expand markets fpr cotton by en­ By Mr. HAGEN: and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk abling cotton to be sold competitively in do­ H·. R. 7820. A bill for the relief of Babette and referred as follows: mestic and foreign markets; to the Commit· Elisabeth Lippold and her minor children; 260. By Mr. CANFIELD: Resolution by New tee on Agriculture. to the Committee on the Judiciary. Jersey Society of Certified Public Account­ By Mr. MARTIN: By Mr. HEALEY: H. J. Res. 346. Joint resolution designating ants adopted at their annual meeting on the second Sunday in August of each year as H. R. 7821. A bill for the relief of Luigi May 11, 1957, endorsing the Jenkins-Keogh Lavadera Lubrano; to the Committee on the National Children's Day; to the Committee bills, H. R. 9 and 10; to the Committee on Judiciary. on the Judiciary. Ways and Means. By Mr. LANE: By Mr. HOFFMAN: ~61. By Mr. NIMTZ: Petition of Robert T. H. Res. 269. Resolution to authorize the H. R. 7822. A bill for the relief of Maria Grubb, chairman of the "Our Stake in Better Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ Ferraiuolo Perrino; to the Committee on the Government" Committee of the Elkhart Ju• merce to investigate and study safety of de­ Judiciary. nior Chamber of Commerce, Elkhart, Ind .• sign of motor vehicles used in interstate By Mr. JOHANSEN: and 140 other Indiana citizens, urging great­ commerce; to the Committee on Rules. H. R. 7823. A bill for the relief of Stefanie er efficiency and economy in Federal Gov­ Szerdahelyi; to the Committee on the Judi· ernment operation through Congressional ciary. support of the Hoover report recommenda· tions; to the Committee on Government Op· PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mr. MAY: erations. H. R. 7824. A bill for the relief of Elena 262. By the SPEAKER: Petition of city Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Bratianu; to the Committee on the Judiciary. . bills and resolutions were introduced and clerk, Tucson, Ariz., petitioning considera­ By Mr. MULTER: tion of their resolution relative to continu­ severally referred as follows: H. R. 7825. A bill to exempt from taxation ing operation of the air primary training By Mr. BOYKIN: certain property of the B'nai B'rith Henry station at Marana Airbase as the Federal H. R. 7818. A bill for the relief of William Monsky Foundation, in the District of Co­ economy shall permit; and declaring an S. Sherrill; to the Committee on Armed lumbia; to the Committee on the District emergency; to the Committee on Armed Services. of Columbia. Services.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Results of Questionnaire Mailed to Second fense, 19 percent; (6) Federal aid to agri­ so? Yes, 56 percent; no, 31 percent; no opin- · culture and small business, 27 percent. ion, 13 percent. Congressional District of California 3. Do you favor Federal aid to education, 14. Do you believe that the price of gold specifically for school construction to meet should be raised? Yes, 59 percent; no, 26 EXTENSION OF REMARKS class-room shortages? Yes, 62 percent; no, · percent; no opinion, 15 percent. 33 percent; no opinion, 5 percent. 15. If Congress cuts the budget by two or OF 4. Would you vote to increase first-class four billion dollars would you reduce taxes HON. CLAIR ENGLE postal rates (on 3-cent letters), even though (42 percent, yes) in that amount or apply that class of mail is earning its own way, that money on the national debt {57 percent, OF CALIFORNIA in order to meet the deficit caused by sec­ yes)? No opinion, 1 percent. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ond-, third-, and fourth-class mail? Yes, 16. Do you believe the Forest Service does 16 percent; no, 82 percent; no opinion, 2 a good job of forest management? Yes, 53 Tuesday, May 28, 1957 percent. percent; no, 34 percent; no opinion, 13 per­ Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Speaker, I recently 5. Do you approve the President's han­ cent. mailed approximately 78,000 question­ dling of the Middle East crisis? Yes, 49 17. Do you favor the so-called right to work percent; no, 38 percent; no opinion, 13 per­ legislation? Yes, 67 percent; no, 21 percent; naires to residents of the Second Con­ cent: no opinion, 12 percent. gressional District. As in the past, the 6. Would you favor special tax relief for If your answer is "yes," has your opinion percentage of returns has been excellent. small business? Yes, 62 percent; no, 28 been affected by the recent hearings involv­ It is gratifying to know of the interest of percent; no opinion, 10 percent. ing the teamsters? Yes, 23 percent; no, 49 my constituents in national and inter­ 7. Would you support the President's re­ percent. national affairs. Almost 50 percent of quest for more authority to admit refu­ those answering added additional com­ gees from Communist countries? Yes, 20 ments on the various questions. Their _l)ercent; no, 70 percent; no opinion, 10 Armenian Independence Day responses are certainly appreciated and percent. will be of interest to my colleagues: 8. Do you think Congress should take fur­ ther action to safeguard the civil rights EXTENSION OF REMARKS 1. Please check 6 of the following 12 of Negroes and other minority groups? OF issues you think most important today: (a) Yes, 55 percent; no, 35 percent; no opinion, Government spending, 70 percent; (b) bal· 10 percent. ancing the budget, 45 percent; (c) reduc-. HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND 9. Do you believe the P. G. & E. Co. OF PENNSYLVANIA tion of debt of Federal Government, 48 should be permitted to take over the power percent; (d) taxation, 62 percent; (e) farm development on the Trinity River project, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prices and policies, 42 percent; (f) United now under construction by the Federal Tuesday, May 28, 1957 States foreign trade polices, 39 percent; (g) Government as part of the Central Valley control of communism in America, 55 per­ project? Yes, 34.6 percent; no, 58.9 percent; Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, Armeni­ cent; (h) labor policies, 45 percent; (i) de­ no opinion, 6.5 percent. ans are one of the oldest people in known fense and war preparedness, 50 percent; 10. Do you favor the tight-money policy history. They can trace their national (j) maintaining peace, 43 percent; (k) of this administration? Yes, 43 percent; no, origin to some 3,000 years. In their an­ American foreign policy, 46 percent; (1) 44 percent; no opinion, 13 percent. civil rights, 36 percent. cient mountainland, the traditional Gar­ 2. Please check 3 of the following 6 11. Do you approve the present farm pro­ den of Eden nestled under the towering items you think should be cut in Federal gram? Yes, 25 percent; no, 57 percent; no Mount Ararat, they maintained their in­ spending: ( 1) Number of Federal employ­ opinion, 18 percent. dependence for centuries before the dis­ ees, 75 percent; (2) construction of Federal 12. Would you favor limiting debate in the covery of America. And when Asiatic public works (dams, airports, buildings, in· United States Senate? Yes, 60 percent; no, invaders put an end to their national in­ terstate roads, etc.), 25 percent; (3) Federal 26 percent; no opinion, 14 percent. aid to States, municipalities, school dis­ 13. Would you vote to continue domestic dependence, they managed to maintain tricts, and local public agencies, 50 percent; mining of strategic and critical minerals and their communal and spiritual independ­ (4) foreign aid, 76 percent; (5) national de· metals if a Federal subsidy is necessary to do ence wherever they happened to be. 7920 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 28 Armenia was ravaged and ruined and You have come a long way in a little over NEW MONEY AND .JOBS divided among its conquerors, and during a year with this project, and I think the re­ The. half billion dollars of new money that all that time Armenians lived with the­ port you have just heard is a great tribute Industry invested in Louisiana during 1956 to your association-to Roy Matthias, to represents nearly 12,000 new jobs at wages hope of regaining their ancient home­ Clif Fairbanks, and to his beloved prede­ In far beyond the average for Louisiana. It land. the course of centuries they cessor, our good friend Fred Webb. They does not stop there. So far, during 1956, in­ endured all kinds of hardships and suf­ worked hard to bring this project back and dustry has continued to invest more than fered much. Early in World War . I certainly deserve a big hand for having done $1 million a- day and some 2,000 new jobs wholesale massacres carried out by the so. have opened up in the State this year as a Turks came perilously close to extermi­ Two years ago Roy Matthias came to me result of an additional investment in excess nating them. At the end of that war, in Washington and said he wanted my help of $107 million. however, the surviving Armenians pro­ 1.n getting construction started on the Over­ The investment th~t industry has made in claimed their national independence. . ton Red River Canal. I told him that I Louisiana during the past 15 months indi­ would be happy to do all I could, but that cates that it is anxious to locate in the State, This was on May 28, 1918. It signified I needed help from the people from north­ first of all because an unlimited supply of the rebirth of a nation which had lost its west Louisiana in the way of an expression industrial water can be found there, and, national independence more than 500 that they wanted and needed this waterway. secondly, the flood-protection program has years before. The event was welcom~d Roy certainly brought that message back advanced to the stage where the people and by freedom-loving people everywhere, to you, because on several occasions I have the factories behind the levees have reason­ and the President of the United States, had that expression-particularly when able assurance that they will not be flooded to more than 175 of you came to Washington out every spring. As evidence that industry Woodrow Wilson, undertook draw the for the express purpose of urging the con­ is attracted by the waterways, the invest­ boundaries of the new Republic. But struction of a waterway to connect Shreve­ ment figures for the two principal areas of neither his official acts nor all the good port with the Mississippi River. Your ef­ the State served by waterways--the New Or­ wishes of the world could save the new forts have not been wasted. leans-Baton Rouge area and the Lake state from its enemies. Late in 1920 it NEED BETTER RATES Charles area-show the following story~ was attacked by Turkish nationalists and Last year, when I spoke before this meet­ Investments by industry Russian Communists, and its fate was ing, I told you that it was my feeling that [In mlllions] sealed early in December of that year. this section of Louisiana needed a water­ Since then Armenia has become part way if it hoped to keep pace with the prog­ 1957 of the Soviet Union, and the Armenians ress of the rest of the State. P arish 1956 January there have been lost in that prison of I told you that Shreveport was a captive to March nationalities. Today in celebrating the. port and, because of this, those who wished to trade with it were forced to pay a pre­ East Baton Rouge______t84. 4 $12.5 39th anniversary of the Armenian inde­ mium freight rate because it did not have West Baton Rouge ______------pendence, we all hope that Armenians a waterway. I cited you some examples and Iberville. _. ------11. 0 43. 5 Ascension______80. 8 ------will regain their independence once I pointed to the other great cities of Louisi­ St. John the Baptist______------more and celebrate it freely in their an­ ana and said that they were getting the St. James______66. 5 cient homeland. lion's share of industry's new money­ St. Charles ______18. 9 ------1:4 because they had a waterway. Jefferson______4.8. 9 Plaquemines______2. 4 1.7 During the past year, the trend I called St. Bernard______26.3 .1 attention to then has become even more Orleans______6.1 2. 6 noticeable. Let's look at the figures that Calcasieu______109.4 35.9 The Red River Canal have just been released by the Department of Total for 12 parishes ______454.7 97.7 Commerce and Industry of the State of Total State investment ______563.3 107.1 ·Louisiana: EXTENSION OF REMARKS During 1956, a total of $563 million was Percent of total State investment in 11-parish Baton Roug&-New OF invested in the State by new industry. The Orleans area and Lake Charles breakdown indicating the parishes that re­ area. ______80 81 HON. RUSSELL B. LONG ceived the major portion of this investment OF LOUISIANA looks like this: Calcasieu ______$109, 000, 000 The Lake Charles-Calcasieu area is con­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES tinuing to grow by leaps and bounds. The East Baton Rouge______84, 000, 000 people of that area are clamoring for a wider Tuesday, May 28, 1957 Ascension ------80, 000, 000 and deeper channel to the sea and a wider Jefferson------49,000,000 and deeper Intracoastal Wate1·way to the east Mr. LONG. · Mr. President, I ask Ouachita______65,000,000 and west. unanimous consent to have printed in THE GOLDEN HORN the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an address Total------387,000,000 The Baton Rouge-New Orleans story is delivered by me concerning the need for On the other hand, let us compare the truly a revelation. So astounding is the a canal to connect Shreveport, La., and, figures for new industrial development in growth in this area that it has been called subsequently, Denison, Tex., and Jeffer­ the seven parishes of the Red River Valley: the fastest growing area in America. son, Tex., with the Mississippi River. Industrialists who come to Louisiana see CaddO------$4,000,000 in a hurry what is happening. As Gov. This address was made before the Red Avoyelles------20,000 Bosroer______74,000 Averell Harriman of New York, pointed out River Valley Association Convention, in to New Orleans businessmen a short time Shreveport, La., on April 23, 1957. The Rapides------161,000 ago-"the rate at which industries are grow­ growth of the areas in the State of Natchitoches______------ing along the Mississippi River between Louisiana now served by waterways has Grant------RedRiver ______------Baton Rouge and New Orleans will cause been so phenomenal that it is my feel­ those two major cities to expand until they practically meet." ing that the tabulations contained in Total------4,255,000 this address will be of general interest, As indicated by the figures above, during It is particularly interesting to note that 1956 and the early part of 1957, better than since they demonstrate a definite trend Ouachita received a big share of this in­ 60 percent of new industry located in the in the industrial development of our vestment with $65 million dollars. Just a area along the Mississippi River, commenc­ Nation. little over 2 years ago, an ofl!.cial of the largest ing a few miles south of New Orleans and There being no objection, the address industry that was using the 6¥2-foot channel extending upstream a few miles north of was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, of the Ouachita River came to me with the Baton Rouge. as follows: fear that the Corps. of Engineers might be The magazine Business Week makes a forced to abandon maintenance of this proj­ significant point with respect to the location REMARKS OF HON. RUSSELL B. LONG, OF ect because of the amount of trafl!.c that of industries. It points out that many in­ LOUISIANA, BEFORE THE RED RIVER VALLEY was using the waterway. Just as they have dustries prefer to locate on the east bank of ASSOCIATION CONVEiNTION, SHREVEPORT, LA., done in the case of your waterway, the engi­ the Mississippi River because it throws them APRIL 23, 1957 neers made a recheck and discovered that into the southern freight-rate zone rather It is certainly a pleasure to have the op­ industry wanted to use it, but they wanted than to locate on the western bank which portunity to talk to you immediately after' a 9-foot channel. Based on these findings, has somewhat higher freight rates. Never­ hearing the Chief of Engineers tell you that, we were successful in securing planning theless, those large industries which move after a thorough recheck, he finds that the money fot the already authorized 9-foot their products primarily by water and pipe­ Red River lateral canal has a favorable channel, and it appears that this was all that lines can locate on either bank without pen­ economic ratio and he is ready to start to was necessary to cause new industry to rush alty. The point to keep in mind is that, work on your project. to the banks of this waterway-to-be. when a large corporation prefers the east · 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7~21 bank of the· Mississippi River to the west miles long · from Baton Rouge to the end exists at our shell loading plant a few miles bank because freight rates are somewhat of the industrial area below New Orleans. from Minden, La. We are trying to keep that more favorable on the east bank, one can As I have pointed out, that area has some plant operating in competition with similar begin to understand what a tremendous dis­ of the best transportation facilities on earth, plants across the country. Nevertheless, we advantage is suffered by an area which lacks yet New Orleans is pressing for an additional know that certain of the shell loading plants the competition of water transportation. outlet to the sea. Not only has that channel in America are going to be closed within a In our lifetime, we have seen the popula­ been authorized, but this year I predict that year. It is entirely possible that a difference tion of East Bat.on Rouge Parish increase construction money will be made available of 10 cents or 15 cents per shell loaded from 30,000 to nearly 200,000. Industry be­ to commence building this $100 million tide­ may be the difference between staying in gan to flock to the banks of the Mississippi water channel from the Industrial Canal at production or closing down. River in the area that provided deepwater New Orleans to the Gulf of Mexico that will Now let us look for just one moment at navigation just as soon as the flood-control create 80,000 acres of new industrial sites the freight rate situation at the Louisiana program was well underway. Since 1950, to permit this tremendous development to ordnance plant between Shreveport and outlays and commitments by industry on the continue. Minden plant: Rail freight to the Shreveport 130-mile stretch of river from Baton Rouge This great area along the Mississippi River area is $4 a ton more than rail freight to to New Orleans total more than $1 billion. has an unlimited supply of fresh water, good New Orleans, accounted for by the fact that There is no indication that this movement railroad connections, and magnificent water the rail rates to New Orleans must compete is even approaching a point of diminishing transportation facilities, attracting the with water transportation. This means that returns. This is the picture as it exists largest of American corporate investments, the material to produce a 50-pound shell will today: the area is growing so rapidly that construc­ cost 10 cents more to be delivered by rail Starting about 30 miles above Baton Rouge, tion men estimate that the area will be short than it would cost to deliver the same thing at St. Francisville, a new paper mill is under more than 20,000 construction workers by rail to New Orleans. If the same material construction. It will cost about $35 million. merely to construct the new industries al­ is to be moved across the country to an In the Baton Rouge area, W. R. Grace & ready projected. ammunition depot, it would cost an addi­ Co. is building an $18 million polyethylene POPULATION TREND tional 10 cents extra in order to bring the plant and United States Rubber Co. is con­ shell to its destination. This additional 20 Now let's check and see where our popu­ cents in cost may very well prove to be the structing a $5 million resin plant. Esso lation is increasing as a result of this ac­ Standard Oil Co., which claims its Baton difference between operating that plant and tivity: closing it down. Rouge oil refinery is the Nation's largest, Here is a comparison of the population Any major industria~ist who is consider­ the Ethyl Corp., General Chemical and Sol­ trend in the areas that have water trans­ vay Process divisions of Allied Chemical & ing placing a plant in the Shreveport area portation as compared with the Red River or the Alexandria area would have to keep Dye Corp., Lion ·on Co., Copolymer Rubber Valley which does not have it: & Chemical Corp., Shell Oil Co., America those factors in mind. He certainly would Cyanamid, Consolidated Chemicals, Foster Population trend 1940-56 not want to choose a location where unfavor­ Grant, and Nyotex Chemicals have all made AREAS WITH WATER TRANSPORTATION able rates would mean the difference between plans to boost their present capacities. staying in business or going out of it. Moving southward, in Iberville Parish, the Percent So it becomes important · for Shreveport, Dow Chemical Corp. is building a $50 million 1956 gain Alexandria, and the other cities on the Red installation that is to begin producing Parish 1940 1950 (esti· <+)or River to have a waterway and to have one mate) loss(-) now. And it becomes important for Jeffer­ chlorine, caustic soda, and a number of or­ 1940-56 ganic chemicals next year. I have been told son, Tex., to have a waterway and the sooner that the investments this corporation will ------we can get this part of it started the sooner make in that section will ultimately run to ThOU· Thou- ThoU· we can help my good friend, Congressman sands sands sands WRIGHT PATMAN, to extend it to serve the more than $300 million. Calcasiru _------56.5 89.6 119. 2 +111 A few miles farther down, at Geismar, E ast Baton Rouge ___ 88.4 158.2 212. 5 +140 steel mill and other industries in his area. Jefferson __------50. 4 103. 9 152. 2 +200 Wyandotte Chemicals Corp. is constructing St. Bernard ______LOCAL COOPERATION a $28 million chlorine and caustic soda­ 7.3 11.1 14.7 +100 Orleans __------494.5 570.4 630.2 +27 I realize that we failed at ratify a consti­ making installation. That represents its ------tutional amendment that would have set up first major venture away from its Michigan TotaL------697. 1 ------1, 128. 8 I +62 the means of local cooperation for this proj­ home plant. ect, but I feel that can be surmounted and Still a few miles further south, at Burn­ 1 .Average. I intend to go with your able representatives side, the Olin-Revere Metals Corp. is build­ RED RIVER VALLEY to testify before the Appropriations Com­ ing a $51 million alumina plant. It is ex­ mittee to see if we can't get you some pre­ pected that this plant will, in a brief space Percent construction planning money that will actu­ of time, aggregate an $80 million investment 1956 gain ally get this project underway. We cannot and that this investment will be developed Parish 1940 1950 (esti· (+)or mate) loss (-) afford to lose any more time. in the very near future. 1940-56 At Gramercy, just a few miles further FLOOD-CONTROL FACTORS south, the Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical --'------1---·1------There is one more factor to be considered. Corp. is putting up a $70 million alumina Thou­ Thou­ Thou­ It is important to consider the drainage and chemicals plant-its third facility in sands sands sands benefits that would result from a lateral DCaddo._------e Soto ______150.2 176.5 205. 9 +37 the Louisiana area. It has been estimated 31.8 24. 4 22. 9 -3 canal from Shreveport to the Mississippi that this plant will eventually represent a R ed River------­ 15.9 12.1 10.8 -3 River. When we have high water on the $200 million in vestment. Natchitoches •• -----­ 41.0 38.1 37.6 -1 Red River the water backs up into the low R apides. __ ------73.4 90.6 106. 0 +« Ten miles below that point, at Reserve, .A voyelles ______39.3 38.0 38.7 -1 areas. The area around Powhatan in Webb & Knapp, Inc., has begun the first Grant______• ______--- 15.9 14.3 13.8 -1 Natchitoches Parish is a good example. High phase of work on what it eventually intends water on the Red River submerges an area to be a large industrial communtty. TotaL______366.2 ------436.1 +19 approximately 10 miles wide and 25 miles Jefferson and Orleans Parishes are running long in that vicinity. Here we have wonder­ out of industrial locations along the Missis­ When you note that New Orleans increased ful soil; rich, fiat alluvial land-from which sippi River. Because there was little place by only 27 percent during this period, it is periodically the people farming it must evac­ where industry could locate in Orleans Par­ important to keep in mind that New Or­ uate; they must lose their crops, and sell ish, Jefferson has exceeded Orleans during leans is limited for expansion and, during their livestock at a sacrifice. recent years in acquiring major industrial the last 16 years, has been spreading over At the present time Bayou Pierre must be expansion. into Jefferson, St. Bernard and Plaquemines used to drain that area, discharging 1ts water The same is true on the east bank in St. Parishes, which accounts for the increase of into the Red River north of Natchitoches. Barnard Parish, to a lesser extent, but Free­ more than 200 percent in Jefferson Parish When the Red River Canal is constructed, port Sulphur Co. has announced its inten­ during the same period. The overall average we can then close off Bayou Pierre and drain tion to locate a $100 million nickel and increase for the area of the three Parishes of the rainwater that falls on the south side cobalt plant at Braithwaite in Plaquemines Orleans, Jefferson, and St. Bernard is 60 of the Red River down the canal, emptying Parish a bit further below New Orleans. percent. it into Red River north of Boyce. Much of the population increase of Shreve­ When you recall the terrible flooding and NEW ORLEANS CLAMORING port and Alexandria is due to the activities backwater conditions along the Cane River Areas that already have the advantages of of the Air Force and the Army. It would be prior to the construction of the. Cane River water transportation understand the prob­ well to keep in mind that a major cutback closure, you will, of course, realize what great lems involved and are constantly behind in defense expenditures could have a very advantages can result in using this water to their delegation pressing for improvements depressing effect upon these areas, particu­ our advantage rather than to our harm. of their transportation faciUties. Along the larly 1f we do not call upon industrial ex­ Furthermore, with the construction of the Mississippi River we have one of the best pansion to take up the slack. additional upstream reservoirs we w111 have navigation highways in the world. It A good example of the industrial problem a more dependable water supply along Red amounts to an inland harbor almost 200 can be demonstrated by the situation which River. It will be possible for farmers to 7922 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE' May 28 pump water from the canal for irrigation justify even the million dollar a mile re- · will leave -t:qe public coi:nptetely unpro-· purposes during the dry periods. Crops tliat vetment on the Mississippi River. tected. It has been proved here in the would be destroyed by drought during the · Many years ago we realized that the Red investigations carried on by the Delaney dry months can thus be saved and the land River was very difficult to tame. We know' can be made to produce at a maximum. It that from its source near Canyon, Tex., it. ~ommittee that certain pills injected into will not be necessary to lift the water over · has a fall of 465 feet. We know it has a bed a slit in the necks of chickens have the the levees in order to get to it nor will we of sand and that its banks are notoriously effect of producing cancer in those who. have to contend with the constant problem unstable. In an effort to tame this fractious eat chicken thus treated. of the channel changing its course as is the · river we embarked more than 10 years ago on · Should not the law demand that the case in the Red River. a comprehensive plan for flood control, and,· effects of this pill be proved harmless We are doing a lot of talking about econ­ as one of its adjuncts, the Corps of Engineers before it is used and the contaminated omy and cutting the budget these days. I has undertaken a complete study of the bank am heartily in favor of cutting out a lot of stabilization problem. food resulting therefrom is offered to wasteful spending in our foreign aid pro­ I feel certain that the recent rise we have the public? There are literally hundreds gram-but I am not in favor of cutting out had will provide the engineers the material of additives and concoctions used in our needed and desirable . public works. I they need to complete this important study. foods today that have not been analyzed consider the Red River Canal a necessary Perhaps that is the bright ray of sunshine. at all, and these foods are going out to public work, and if it is humanly possible, I that comes from behind recent rain clouds. the consumers, most of whom think they would like to see some money made availa­ Perhaps this recent rise will be not just one are protected by the Public Health De­ ble to General Itschner for the next fiscal more high water but one that will help to partment, while the same Public Health year. I don't know whether or not it will be point the way to a program that will make possible to do any "adding" this year, but I it possible for your banks to resist the peri­ Department does not know the nature will certainly testify in that direction and odic ravages of your unpredictable river. of the additives used, nor their effect, reiterate to the committee what I have said It will not be an easy job to sell a_com- . upon the health of the people who eat here-we need this waterway and should plete program of bank stabilization to the them. start work on it now if this section of our C(ongress. The main reason it will be diffi­ If these additives can be used lawfully, State is to retain its rightful place in the cult is because it wm be necessarily expen­ before they are analyzed and the public development of our country. sive. However, as the value of our land in­ creases to those who run our Nation's indus­ fed upon food containing them without BANK STABILIZATION try, it should become less and less difficult t_he Public Health Department knowing And now, I want to talk a little bit about to balance the cost of these works in the anything about their poisonous and another subject that is very close to your scale that we must use as a criterion before disease-producing effect on human life, hearts-bank stabilization. we can spend appropriated funds. then I say the present public health laws· As we reviewed the figures that represent I am glad General Itschner is here, because do not, as a matter of fact, enable the the investments industry is making today in I want to assure him that when his report Department to stop the use of these those sections of the country which afford is ready, on Red River and on the Missis­ additives until after the foods have been. the unrestricted use of a waterway, we come sippi, I am ready to launch a full-scale cam­ to the realization that our land today is be­ paign to bring this Nation out of the setback eaten. The examination should be made coming more and more valuable. era and into the final phase of flood: con­ before the foods are used-not after­ The first step in making those waterways trol-the age of stability. I know the corps wards. available to industry on an unrestricted is doing its usual outstanding job of achiev­ : I do not know what forces are at work basis was flood proofing. It cost well over ing completeness of those reports in the least to prevent the passage of these needed a billion dollars to perform that mission on possible time. When the Red River report is amendments, but. whatever it is, it is a the lower Mississippi Valley and took a great complete, I assure him and you that I will, strong force of which many Congress­ deal of courage and foresight on the part of do everything in my power to see to it that its men are afraid. I am sure the average the legislators who could see in the years findings are put to good use in the shortest Congressman wants to protect the pub- · to come the 6 to 1 return on their investment possible time. which can be demonstrated today. lie health, but too many either do not be-· The job of flood proofing is essentially lieve that there are poisonous additives· complete. A lot remains to be done in the tised in foods, or th€ influence of the way of raising levees, improving conditions, Public Health Endangered by Harmful manufacturers of food in which they are· relieving many areas which it was first used are too strong politically, and Mem­ thought would have to be forever considered Food Additives bers shy a way from raising any protest as backwater areas, and do other things to that might stop the sale of this kind of maintain the progress which has been made. EXTENSION OF REMARKS food. The time will never come when the job of So far as I am concerned, and as far · maintenance can cease. But we have ar­ OF rived at the time when we can start feeling as I can go, the public is going to find out the real benefits that this protective system HON. USHER L. BURDICK - what they are daily eating if it breaks affords. OF NORTH DAKOTA every food processor in the United States.· One of the by-products of the picture of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES If these manufacturers and producers progress is the enhanced value of our land. were required to submit for scientific in­ It has become so valuable in fact that we Tuesday, May 28, 1957 v:estiga.tion any proposed additive before can no longer afford to give it to the river Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker, the it found its way into food, many illnesses. without a struggle. pure-food law is in serious need of would be averted, many lives saved, and In our early days of flood control we let amendment, but it seems- impossible to ' the turmoil about poisoned foods would · the river take the lead and when it en­ end. Why do the manufacturers, proc­ croached too closely to our lines of defense, get-Congress to do anything. The De­ we retreated-retreated by means of a set­ laney commitee investigated poisoned_ essors, and producers fight against an· back levee. The figures we have just re­ food for several years and made some investigation? Your guess is as good as viewed bring us to the realization that the ominous findings; and that there are mine. land we give to the river forever is possibly poisons used in foods there is no room the most valuable asset we have in America for doubt, but the theory of the law is today, and we can no longer afford to be so that those who use additives and other ·A Cotton Program To .Expand Markets wasteful. poisonous substances in food can go right Today we have reached another great era Through Competitive Pricing 1n the development of our waterways. We ahead dispensing their products and the have reached the end of the setback era­ burden of proof is on the users of this . we must have the foresight to realize that food to show that the substances are EXTENSION OF REMARKS the time has cm;ne to enter the period of deleterious. OF complete river stabilization. This situation should be reversed, and America is still a young nation. To match . those who use additives in food should HON. PAUL C. JONES our less than 200 years of experience, some by scientific investigation, prove to the OF MISSOURI nations or the world have been stabilizing Public Health Department that none of . IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their rivers for hundreds o-f years before we the ingredients used in the preparation started. Nevertheless, in our few brief in­ Tuesday, May 28, 1957 nings we have learned a great deal which of food are dangerous. deleterious, or others have copied. We have learned poisonous. When the Public Health De­ Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, enough to embark on a full-scale program . partment has this proof before the prod-. I have today introduced a bill which has· of bank stabilization, and we have the end ucts can be sold, it will clear up this for its purpose to increase farm income· products in sight that will more than amply situation. To leave the law as it now is and to expand markets for cotton by 1957 CONGRESSIONAL :ru:·cbRD- HOUSE 7923 _· enabling cotton to be sold competitively· nee.ds to be done, and to be done this between the average spot market price· in domestic and foreign markets. , year. or loan price, whichever is higher, and a This is not my bill, Mr: Speaker, and The bill which I have introduced, and stated percentage-probably 90 per­ I am claiming no pride of authorship, al-· which other Members of Congress, both . cent-of parity. though I have had the privilege of work- in this House and in the other body, will , · Fifth. Export allotment: There would ing with a large group of men, each ex- I am sure support, is the result of the be no marketing equalization payments. pert in his own field, who represent most general agreement which has been . The program would be financed with of the segments in the cotton industry, reached. We are hoping, Mr. Speaker, unused funds available for cotton pay­ and I believe the bill which has resulted to have the opportunity at an early date, ments under the Soil Bank Act; and, in­ from numerous conferences and is the of hearing testimony on this bill, and sofar as such funds are insufficient, the product of many compromises, warrants I am sure I am speaking for all of the Secretary of Agriculture would be au­ the studious consideration of all Mem-. sponsors of this legislation when I say thorized to us: funds of the Commodity bers of this House. that we will welcome the opportunity of Credit Corporation. Farmers and particularly cotton pro- explaining the details of its operation. · ducers are not the only persons who will Yes, Mr. Speaker, we not only welcome . benefit from the provisions of this bill, the opportunity to explain what we be­ when and if it becomes law. Actually, I lieve to be the merits of this legislation, Atomic Energy Commission Press Release know of no group which will not benefit, but we will also welcome any questions including the consumers of cotton and which anyone may have. Likewise, we Tends To Give False Sense of Security other textiles. will welcome suggestions for improve- From Civil Defense Standpoint Primarily, this bill, if enacted into law. ment if you feel that the legislation can would insure the continuation and ex- be improved. EXTENSION OF REMARKS pansion of our export program on a I am including herewith a brief anal­ OF worldwide competitive basis, without ysis of what we the sponsors of this leg­ the necessity of subsidy payments, or islation believe it will do. We urge you HON. MELVIN PRICE losses which have been necessary in mov- to read it, and to let us have your com­ OF ILLINOIS ing the huge surpluses of cotton which ments: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . Were built Up OVer a long periOd Of yearS DUAL ALLOTMENT PROGRAM FOR COTTON: DOMES• through a COmbination Of CircumstanCeS TIC ALLOTMENT-EXPORT ALLOTMENT Tuesday, May 28, 1957 which I shall not take time to discuss The dual allotment program would­ Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, under leave here. A. Protect the farmer's income and to extend my remarks, I include herewith With a minimum of Government sup­ permit him to use his land and equip­ a statement made by the Honorable port, it would enable cotton to compete ment more efficiently, CHET HOLIFIELD, chairman of a special successfully with synthetics and other B. Provide full price competition both subcommittee of the Joint Committee on substitutes in the domestic market, giv­ at home and abroad. Atomic Energy to study radiation prob­ ing the consumer the advantages which C. Eliminate the need for a special ex­ lems: accrue from the preferential use of cot­ port sales program. MR. HOLIFIELD'S STATEMENT ton and cotton products and at the same D. Increase consumption and prevent "I have just read the press release issued time assuring an adequate supply of ttccumulation of surpluses. by the Atomic Energy Commission for be­ cotton at reasonable price levels. fore noon release Wednesday, May 29, 1957, E. Return cotton handling and mar­ announcing progress in their so-called clean Yes; it would at the same time pro­ keting to normal channels of trade. tect the farmer's income, and permit him weapon program," it was stated today by F. Eliminate present conditions which Representative CHET HOLIFIELD, Democrat, . to slightly increase his production of create unfair competition for American of California, chairman of the Subcommittee cotton to a more realistic basis, and to cotton mills. on Radiation of the Joint Committee on afford the family size farm an opportu­ G. Benefit consumers through lower Atomic Energy. Mr. HoLIFIELD says: nity to enjoy more economic stability. retail prices, and wider choice of fabrics. "In view of the fact that this press release The introduction of this bill comes at H. Would reduce cost to Government. has been made in the midst of our hearings a time, Mr. Speaker, when my section. which have been trying in an objective way I. Counteract inflationary trend in to find something out about the nature of of Missouri, which incidentally produces textile markets. more than 99 percent of all the cotton radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions, grown in Missouri, is faced with the The stated objectives would be accom­ I have the following comments to make: plished as follows: "1. The AEC's issuance of this release vio­ greatest disaster which we have expe­ lated their own rules of in:iorming the joint rienced in the past generation. Due to First. The loan program would be con­ tinued, but the loan level woudl be slight­ committee at least 24 hours in advance of unprecedented fioods, which have vir­ a press release. It was received at the joint tually destroyed one-third to one-half ly-probably 5 percent-under the world committee's office at 5:59p.m. last evening, of the cotton crop which has been price for cotton as determined by the May 28, under circumstances which would planted, southeast Missouri is now faced Secretary of Agriculture as of June 1 of make it difficult for the committee members with a condition which in all probability the calendar year in which the cotton, to be informed or to prepare comment. The will result in the nearest thing to a is produced. release bears a curious parallel to the original Second. The national marketing quota 'clean bomb' press release last July 19 ( 1956), crop failure which our area of the State in which the committee was given even less has ever experienced. would be estimated domestic consump­ notice of the AEC statement. I know of nothing which at this time tion plus exports. Under this method "2. Testimony before the joint committee could give our people greater hope and the minimum national marketing quota during the current fallout hearings and in more encouragement than for Congress for 1958 would be 14 million bales which prior executive sessions has indicated that to give conscientious and sympathetic woud provide a national acreage allot­ the AEC statement that 'the success thus far consideration to this type of legislation, ment of 20% million acres, or an in­ achieved (in developing cleaner weapons) which would not only be beneficial to crease of 17 percent over 1957. This has convinced us that widespread hazard method would insure continuation of from fallout is not a necessary complement that section, but to every other section to the employment of large nuclear weapons' of the country in which cotton can be acreage allotments and marketing quotas and provide protection against is misleading for the following reasons: produced. "(a) It tends to give a false sense of secu­ As stated earlier Mr. Speaker, all seg­ unregulated production. rity from a civil-defense standpoint. We ments of the cotton industry, after sev­ . Third. Producers taking advantage of can be certain that the Soviet Communists eral industrywide conferences and meet­ increased cotton allotments would be will use the dirtiest bombs which they can ings, have agreed on the principles in­ excluded from the cotton acreage re­ devise when and if they make the mistake volved in this bill. I mean the producer, serve provisions of the Soil Bank. State, of attacking this country or any other the cotton . ginner, the warehouseman,. county, and farm history would be pre­ country. served under this provision. "(b) It may give the wrong impression to the buyers, the shippers, the cotton mer­ our friends and allies that the use of large­ chant, representatives of our large cot­ Fourth. Domestic allotment: Market­ scale megaton bombs under the cleanliness ton exchanges, the cottonseed proces­ ing equalization payments would be program will not entail widespread radioac­ sors, and yes, even the spinners and tex­ made to the producer through the cot- · tive fallout. It is true that fallout is being tile mills, have agreed that something ton merchant to represent the difference reduced. But there is and at present cannot CIII--499 7924 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 28 be such a thing as an absolutely clean bomb, matter that the threat of competition would not be subject to being stricken 1. e., no fallout. Moreover, in any large-scale had led the company to propose this as inadmissible hearsay. war, it would seem inevitable that weapons new lower rate. As a result of this new Perhaps my friend from Louisiana of varying degrees of cleanliness will be used, resale schedule one municipality alone made his statement before he had an and the inevitable result will be large-scale fallout. saved over $6 million in a 7-year period. opportunity to hear the CBS Edward "(c) It tends to give the impression that All municipalities purchasing energy Murrow broadcast, The Galindez-Mur­ weapons tests from so-called clean bombs from the company profited by this rate phy Case: A Chronicle of Terror. I say have little fallout. This is a subject which decrease which was due largely to the again, as I have said off the floor of the these hearings will explore further. So far existence of Central Valley project House, that the Dominican Government, we have been provided with no evidence to power. Irrigation districts in San Joa­ which means Rafael Trujillo, is guilty of prove the Commission's assertion. We have quin Valley had somewhat the same ex­ Gerry Murphy's kidnapping and prob­ no assurance that Russian or British tests are or will be free of substantial radioactive perience. In 1951, doubtless due to com­ able murder. fallout. petition from CVP, the company lowered My colleague has never deigned to dis­ "3. This statement ignores the alternative rates for irrigation districts in the San cuss the evidence, just to characterize it. suggestion of Commissioner Thomes E. Mur­ Joaquin Valley by approximately 20 per­ I refer him to my speech in the House on ray that rather than rely solely on large­ cent. Again these reductions came at a February 28 where the evidence is dis­ scale thermonuclear bombs we develop and time when the trend was in the opposite cussed. I also remind Mr. LoNG that produce numbers of small-yield nuclear direction. the Dominican Government's explana­ weapons which can be widely dispersed and used on a selective and limited basis in brush The point I am making is that if the tion of Murphy's death was sternly re­ fire wars. P. G. & E. Co. is successful in jected by our State Department and that "Senator ANDERSON has asked me to add cutting off expansion of Federal power the House Foreign Affairs Committee that he fully endorses this statement." in northern California it will have the has decided to consider the Murphy­ area all to itself and if this happens it Galindez matter in executive session will be to the detriment of every user of June 4. electricity in the area. Existence of Moreover, in its latest note to the P. G. & E. Co. Wan{s To Monopolize Federal power in an area does not just dominican Republic, our Government benefit those who actually buy it but it cited the investigation into Murphy's ac­ Power, Market benefits all users of electricity because it tivities and stated that ''sufficient evi- . __ _ is a deterrent to excessive DOwer rates. dence has now been uncovered to indi· EXTENSION OF REMARKS cate that Mr. Murphy may have been OF connected with the disappearance of Dr. Jesus de Galindez in New York on or HON. CLAIR ENGLE The Gerry Murphy Case: Certain about March 12, 1956, acting on behalf OF CALIFORNIA or in association with certain Dominican Corrections and American nationals." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Our Government has asked that the Tuesday, May 28, 1957 EXTENSION OF REMARKS former Dominican consul general, Ar­ Mr. ENGLE. Mr. Speaker, as I have OF turo Espaillat, return here without dip­ previously stated several times to my lomatic immunity "in order that he colleagues, the existence of Federal HON. CHARLES 0. PORTER should be amenable to the usual and power in an area has the effect of hold­ OF OREGON lawful procedures in matters of investi­ ing down power and energy rates of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gation and trial." private utilities in that area. To see This request was made on May 2. As this, one only needs to ·compare prevail­ Tuesday, May 28, 1957 of May 29, no reply had been received ing power rates in the Pacific Northwest Mr. PORTER. Mr. Speaker, my dis­ from the Dominican Government which and other areas where Federal power is tinguished colleague from Louisiana had previously made repeated official available with areas such as the North­ [Mr. LONG], in the Appendix of the declarations of willingness to cooperate east where there is no Federal power. RECORD May 27, beginning at page A4065, in this investigation. This explains the real purpose of the states that he is indeed sorry that I see Third. The gentleman from Louisiana Pacific Gas & Electric Co.'s proposal to · fit "to continue this unfriendly contro­ states that the Murphy case is one of construct the Trinity project power fa­ versy with regard to one of the foremost the "shapes and forms'; of the Commu­ cilities, which is to stop, at least j·or a neighboring republics to the south and nist effort "to overthrow the present period of 50 years, any further expansion one of our stanchest friends in the free great and democratic Government of of Federal power in California in order world, the Dominican Republic, and its the Dominican Republic." He gives no that it may monopolize the power mar­ President Trujillo." evidence for this allegation, which im­ ket in that area. Then there would be I point out that Mr. LoNG, not I, be­ plicates me, the State Department, and no competition to force it to hold down gan this exchange. And I cannot allow many others. He says my article in the its power rates nor a yardstick with the gentleman's gargantuan and fan­ June Coronet magazine, The Butcher of which its rates could be compared. tastic inaccuracies to go unchallenged. the Caribbean, is "a lurid rehash which It is interesting to examine the history In the interest of brevity, let me deal reeks with its communistic origin.'' of the P. G. & E. resale rates-that is, tersely with the main errors in his latest Again, no evidence. Again, no discus­ rates to municipalities and others for remarks. sion of the facts. The reaction to my power to be resold__._in the Central Val­ First. The gentleman believes the article from those who know Trujillo has ley project area and the effect the Dominican Republic to be "democratic been entirely enthusiastic, as has the existence of CVP power has had on such and progressive" and, in 'another place, reaction from those who previously did rates. Prior to the time power was "great and democratic," "one of our not know about this tyrant. It may be marketed from the Central Valley proj­ stanchest friends in the free world." The a "lurid rehash" to my colleague but to date I have found no such reaction .else­ ect, the Pacific Gas & Electric Co. fact is that it is terror-ridden dictator­ where. had no competition in northern Cali­ ship. Our State Department will so Fourth. The gentleman from Louisi­ fornia and its resale schedule was such testify. Every authority says the same as to discourage municipalities from op­ ana states that I impugned, "if only by thing. implication," the character of Majority erating their power distribution systems. Second. The gentleman accuses me of Leader JoHN McCoRMACK by using his In 1945 the competitive effect of the attempting to convict the Dominican name in my Coronet article. I did noth­ Central Valley project led the company leaders for Gerry Murphy's disappear· ing of the sort. I indicated a disagree­ to adopt a resale schedule considerably ance on hearsay evidence. I am a law­ ment but I specifically wrote: lower than the one previously existing. yer. My distinguished friend from This came at a time when the general Louisiana is a dentist. I say that the My respect and admiration for Mr. Mc­ trend in power rates was up instead of evidence against Dictator Trujillo, both CoRMACK was-and is--immense. down and it was made clear at the Pub­ real and circumstantial, is sufficient to No other colleague, including the dis­ lic Utility Commission hearing on the convict him in any American court and tinguished and beloved majority leader 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7925 ous problems of supply of natural re­ after leaving its cargo retraced its course himself, has indicated to me, directly or back to the Mississippi. Since this date no indirectly, that my mention of Mr. sources that we are bound to have to river boats have arrived at Shreveport, and McCoRMACK was in any way discourte­ face in years ahead? Have our methods the Red River has not been used for navi­ ous. The disagreement between my col­ been wasteful and improvident in utiliz­ gation. The question naturally arises, "Why league from Louisiana and myself ing these natural resources? Are we do­ has this stream not been used for water­ centers about entirely different matters, ing enough research to replace them borne commerce in more than 50 years?" namely, the nature of the Dominican when the day comes that they are ex­ The answer is that the Red River over the Government, its responsibility for the hausted? Are we spreading ourselves too years became unsuited for navigation. It disappearance of my constituent, and thin by exporting large quantities of val­ has developed like many other streams in this nation which have changed due to the the motivations. for my pressing for a uable resources to other parts of the stripping of the hillsides of timber and to change in our Government's poliCiY to­ world? What situation will confront us the cultivation of the lands by draining ward such tyrants. I am aware of no when our resources are relatively ex­ them and making possible the quick removal such disagreements with my good friend hausted and the comparatively unex-_ of water from the land. The little streams and mentor, the kindly and truly liberal plaited resources of the Communist world throughout our countryside have often dried JoHN McCORMACK, of Massachusetts. are fully developed? up and have even disappeared in many in­ Fifth. The gentleman from Louisiana I pose these questions because I believe stances in the course of the development of states that my saying I must carry a they are worthy of careful intensive our Nation. Red River has suffered this fate. The gun impugns the honor of every Mem­ study and that we are indulging in an banks are soft and crumble and melt away ber of the House. No other Member has unwise luxury when we are deferring our under the terrific impact of high water rush· even hinted that he held a similar view. search for appropriate answers. There ing downstream to the sea. Channels have I carry a gun, on occasion, for self-pro­ are many agencies I know that are changed in the course of time to such an tection because I have been so advised charged with some degree of responsibil­ extent that boundaries have disappeared and by the police, because I have received ity for conserving and keeping inventory old lines have been marked out. Parts of many such recommendations from re­ of natural resources and how to develop Bossier Parish, for instance, now find them­ sponsible persons who know Trujillo and selves on the Caddo side of the River. In them. But it seems to me that there at least one instance we have built a great his gang, and because my own conclusion should be an integrated study inaugu­ bridge over the Red River and this was in on all the facts is that a weapon might rated by appropriate committees of the Avoyelles Parish-only to find later that the come in handy. My colleague asks me Congress on a very broad scale designed river actually bypassed the bridge and left if I carry the gun on the floor of the to collect the facts relating to the pres­ the structure high and dry, making a sev· Congress. The answer, of course, is ent status of our natural resources sup­ eral million dollar structure, in the course of that I do not. ply and make recommendation for their a very short time, worthless and unusable. I shall continue to fight, as best I can, more prudent utilization as well as pro­ In another instance, in northern Bossier, tyranny of every kind, whether Commu­ within the last few years, the State was com· vide some rational plan for developing pelled to spend tens of thousands of dollars nist or otherwise. My constituents in satisfactory substitutes for these steadily to stop the ever-moving process of a Red Oregon, along with other American citi­ depleting resources. River-changing channel in order to save an· zens, proud of their heritage as free I think that the Congress should fully other bridge in the course of construction people, rightfully expect this of the Rep­ assume its responsibility in this all-vital in the Plain Dealing area and prevent it resentatives they send to Congress. and all-important field of conservation from being bypassed. because at the rate we are going it is From the time the last river boat came to Shreveport, our people began to yearn certain that the most serious problems for and to hope for the day when naviga­ lie ahead of us, and we must move to try tion would be restored to the river. They Are We Wasting Natural Resources? to cope with them in order to protect the have seen other river ports in Louisiana paramount interest of the American Na­ and elsewhere thrive and grow and expand EXTENSION OF REMARKS tion and its people. while our own valley-as fertile as the Gar­ OF den of Eden-does not keep pace with this growth of these other areas. We have the HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN people, the climate, the natural advantages of other localities; but we fail to provide the OF MASSACHUSETTS The Red River Canal water transportation and water rates which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they enjoy. This is the real difference be­ tween the Red River Valley cities and towns Tuesday, May 28, 1957 EXTENSION OF REMARKS and other places. Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, the rate OF In the years ·prior to 1946, we who were at which we are utilizing and, in many interested in the further development of HON. RUSSELL B. LONG our valley had been at work trying to restore instances, wasting our natural resources OF LOUISIANA navigation. At first we asked for navigation is giving our scientists and sociologists IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES on the Red River itself as the answer to special con:::ern these days. Every Amer­ our traffic problems. We know that every ican should be concerned. Tuesday, May 28, 1957 large community must of necessity have Some of these experts are of the opin­ Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I ask unan­ every form of transportation-road, rail, air, ion that we are rapidly becoming a have­ imous consent to have printed in the pipelines, and water-and that the com­ not nation in many respects. At the munity that falls in any one respect does CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the address de­ not contribute fully to its own development turn of the century we were assured by livered by Representative OVERTON competitively with other more fort-anate some of our great steel corporations that BROOKS, of Louisiana, before the Red communities. After working on this matter we had an inexhaustible supply of iron River Valley Association Convention, in for years, our plans were submitted to the ore in the Mesabi Range of Minnesota. Shreveport, La., on April 23, 1957. In Board of Rivers and Harbors of the Army Notwithstanding these assurances of my opinion, this address does a credita­ Engineers in Washington-a board composed strongly expressed, cocksure confidence, ble job of explaining the reasons why of the best hydraulic engineers in America. I am informed that we are now down to navigation is necessary between Shreve­ I was present when this hearing occurred 1n Washington in 1946. I can look back mining taconite which is a low-grade 30- port, La., and the Mississippi River, and over the years and reallz_e how important this percent ore and that we are importing why it cannot be achieved except hearing was to our people here. Claudius iron ore. through the medium of a lateral canal, Dickson of Shreveport was president of the Relatively the same situation obtains making use of the existing waterways Red River Valley Association and headed in the oil industry. In 1930 when the paralleling the Red River. the delegation going to Washington. John east Texas field was discovered, it was There being no objection, the address Ewing of the Shreveport Times, a director of assumed that we had an indefinite was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, the Kansas City Southern Railway, came up supply of oil. But that has not proved as follows: especially and made a splendid presentation. to be the case and we are now in the SPEECH BY CONGRESSMAN OVERTON BROOKS Senator John H. Overton, my uncle, organ· role of an oil importer. BEFORE THE RED RIVER VALLEY ASSOCIATION, ized the meeting and presented the wit­ Is there a national attitude of uncon­ APRIL 21, 22, 23, 1957, SHREVEPORT, LA. nesses. Other distinguished citizens, many cern for the future? Are we tending to In the year 1899 the last boat steaming up now gone to their rewards, made appear­ minimize or overlook completely the seri- the Red River arrived at Shreveport and ances on behalf of watnr transportation. 7926 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 28 along the Red River. We all asked for prices have gone up considerably. The en­ west Louisiana, which they do not now have. navigation on the river itself. gineers will give you a further cost estimate; It is estimated that flood control and drain­ After months of study and deliberation, but I would guess that it would certainly age benefits for the area will exceed $1 mil­ the Board of Rivers and Harbors on April run under $100 million. On the other hand, lion per year. Flood control is an item for 19, 1946, in effect turned down our request the cost of building the Red River route, which we will spend millions of dollars even for navigation on the Red River, but ap­ using the river channel for navigation, will though we do not build the canal. If built, proved a plan for a waterway to be built. run $300 million or better-2 or 3 times that the canal will help take care of this expense on the south side of the river in the alluvial of the cost of the waterway. and no other development presently contem­ valley as a canal. There can be no question Besides this, the engineers say that it is plated will provide flood control and drainage but that the approval of the Overton Water­ not feasible to build the waterway on the benefits as indicated by the building of the way was a rejection of the use of the chan­ Red River. Constant shifting of channels, canal. nel of Red River for navigation purposes. crumbling of banks, and varying elevations Of course, this canal will cost lots of Since this decision was rendered, year by of water make real problems; and these, in money. Any worthwhile project will cost year, we have asked the Congress for money turn, make the river itself unsuited and money; and the question is, whether or not for the purpose of planning, blueprinting, unusable for navigation purposes. it is justified. The Army Engineers will and for engineering work for the lateral You may say, "Well, Congressman, who says settle this question, and I submit that they canal, and the Congress has granted this that the river is unsuitable for navigation are 'Qetter to dispose of this question ac-, request; and has provided in all $515,000 for besides yourself?" I answer, "The United curately than any other group of people. this purpose. States Corps of Army Engineers." T-he actual or total benefits from the con­ Why did the Board of Rivers and Harbors When we are sick, we go to a doctor; when struction of this project will be inestimable. turn down the use of the channel of the Red we have toothache, we visit a dentist; and A million and a half people have settled in River for navigation purposes but, at the when we need to build a great canal for this portion of the Red River Valley and same time, approved the construction of a navigation, we look to our engineers. They they are all affected by freight rates. Every canal along the south side of the river have not let us down in any emergency. rate increase of the railroad companies and from Shreveport to the Atchafalaya? There This is the group of engineers which has the truck carriers, and the buses, adds to the were a number of reasons for this decision. built the program of flood control and cost of living of our people. Those living in The first reason was that which I have navigation for our Nation since its incep­ the areas of Louisiana where navigation is already discussed; namely, the shifting of tion. It is the group which was founded by available, know the difference in the costs. the channel, the caving and disintegration the Father of Our Country, George Wash­ A rate increase is often the difference be­ of the banks of the stream, the lack of ington, when he was President of the United tween success and failure of business. availability of an adequate supply of water Throughout the length and breadth of in the Red; and the greater cost of providing States. He sent to Europe to obtain three of the very best engineers from the armies this country, we see the great cities and for navigation along the channel of Red towns grow up along the rivers and the har­ River and the greater length of the channel of Napoleon, and they formed what is now our Army engineers. Since that time our bors. Navigation has attracted the people of the river for transportation, for such and businesses to these spots. Cost of living purposes over that of the canal. Corps of Engineers has rated tops in con­ duct, ability, and efficiency. is lower and business prospers in such loca­ I think it is obvious that navigation on tions. And we see the great highways termi­ the Red River would · require more water The Army engineers is the same organ! .. nating _at the sea and at the inland ports; than navigation on the Overton Waterway. zation which landed its men on the shores and even the railroads, feeling the quicken­ This is, of course, because the Red River is of Normandy in France in World War ll, ing impulse of lower rates, lay double tracks, a flowing stream and the canal will be a even before the combat troops landed; and add to their ·equipment and personnel and slack-water course. It will require much they cut the barbed wire and removed the begin to boom· in the stimulus of the in­ more water to maintain a channel of a obstacles, preparing the way for the landing creased transportation attendant with the specified depth on the flowing stream than of the infantry and the artillery, the tanks port and with navigation. It is largely Jn on a slack-water canal. How much more and the jeeps. They won an immortal place places where there is navigation that the will be required depends upon the rate of in the hearts and minds of our people; and communities grow and prosper. New Or­ the fiow of the river and this will depend neither time nor distance will efface the leans, the Crescent City; St. Louis, the hub upon the number of obstacles placed in the valor of their efforts nor the impact of their of America; Chicago, the windy city; Pitts­ path of the current. achievements in the development of burgh and its golden triangle-an of these The third reason that the use of the Red America. I think we can safely depend upon great cities are built on waterways and the River channel for navigation purposes was them in the building of the Overton water­ backbone of their prosperity and growth discarded is that such a route must be much way. lies in the development which lower freight longer than the canal type of waterway. The The canal when built will begin at the rates and navigation have given to the com­ Overton Waterway, as designed, is 205 miles confluence of the Old and Mississippi Rivers, munity. long. On the other hand, the Red River and will continue on up to Shreveport, 206 The Overton Waterway will open up to channel is 280 miles long-75 miles longer miles to the northwest. The first 7 miles is us, for waterborne commerce, the great ports than the proposed Overton Waterway. The through Old River, and the next 24 miles along the ·Mississippi, such as Baton Rouge, Red River channel, of course, is longer be­ through Red River, at which point it follows New Orleans, Memphis, and St. Louis; the cause it is filled with curves, and bends. Coulee des Grues, Choctaw Bayou, and Chat­ ports along the Atchafalaya and along the Then, too, its current will provide a serious lain Lake Canal to Alexandria. It then pro­ Intercoastal Canal, such as Lake Charles, obstacle to upstream navigation. The lack ceeds through land cuts to Cane River Houston, and Beaumont. It will connect our of current on the Overton Waterway, as de­ through Natchitoches, and then on to Bayou communities directly with navigation all signed, makes for much less bank wash and Pierre and to Shreveport. It will use 120 along the inland waterways of Americar-­ erosion; and provides for a greater stabiliza­ miles of existing waterway as compared to with Pittsburgh, Chicago, Minneapolis, and tion of bank and channel. · · 86 miles of land cuts. At Shreveport a turn­ Sioux City. It will develop in our midst a The use of the Red River channel, if this around basin will be built and a basin for new type of industry and bring fresh oppor­ were feasible, would require 12 locks and loading and unloading will be built at all of tunity and new accomplishment to our dams. The dams on the river, of necessity the large stopping points. people. would be much larger and longer than those It is fair to say that most of the land uti­ If we are going to have navigation for the on the canal, for from bank to bank the lized will be far removed from urban centers Red River Valley below Shreveport, it is river is much wider and, of course, would and will be low or swampy land not nor­ going to be by way of the Overton Water­ cost much more money to construct. It is mally used for cultivation. By the same way. Congress will never appropriate funds obvious also that banks above and below the token, the number of roads to be rerouted for the construction of a great project such locks and the dams would have to be com­ will be reduced to a minimum. as this if it is not approved by the Corps pletely stabilized for some distance to pre­ I have heard it said that such a canal will of Engineers. Nor will the people who must vent what occurred in Avoyelles Parish when split the countryside wide open; and that a support the project by local cooperation the Red River cut a pathway around one barrier greater than anything we have ex­ approve it in the absence of the recommend­ of the bridges which had been constructed perienced will be erected to prevent the free ations of the Army engineers. We can use and thereby rendered the bridge useless. passage to and fro across the waterway. This, all of the persuasion possible and apply This would require much money. The proj­ of course, is not true. The waterway, of political pressure, but I can tell you this­ ect to stabilize the banks of the Red 3 miles course, will be no greater a barrier than is the Army engineers will not yield to the above and 3 miles below Shreveport · has Bayou Pierre and Cane River at the present point of recommending a project which they already cost the Government over $10 mil­ time. At this time, these streams and others feel is not worthy of the approval. lion. This will give you some idea of the. like them must be bridged if we are to cross If, therefore, we reject the canal proposal, cost of stabilizing the river for a distance them. The same will apply to the canal. make no mistake, navigation in the Red of 280 miles. On the other hand, the canai will pass River Valley is dead. We have no alterna­ The original estimate of the cost of the through rather low places in the countryside;· tive. If we accept the proposal, we move Overton Waterway was $42 million. Since and this waterway will provide means of forward: The way· is not smooth. It is· this estimate was made in 1946, of course, draining these sections of central and north- rough; filled with opposition and difficulties; 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7927 but at the end of the rainbow, it offers the to the faithful discharge of their duties. was the home of George Washington, who fulfillment of a dream of 55 years-naviga­ From Albemarle to Northumberland; from conceived the idea of a Constitution; of tion in the Red River Valley. We moved Loudoun to Goochland; and from King Wil· George Mason, the great exponent of demo­ forward-at times, it is true, slowly-but liam to Culpeper, I salute the Democrats of cratic government who wrote the Bill of always forward, and ultimately over the this great district and express my admiration Rights; Thomas Je1ferson, who wrote the years we leave to our children the priceless and esteem for all of you. Declaration of Independence and founded heritage of having developed our God-given The Democrats of the Eighth Congres­ the Democratic Party; James Madison, the resources to the best of our abi11ty. We leave sional District in general, and those who live father of the . Constitution; James Monroe, to them the basis for competitive commerce in Charlottesville and Albemarle County in author of the Monroe Doctrine, and John in our valley, for further development particular, are most fortunate in having as Marshall, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, greater than otherwise would have been residents of your community the Honorable who, by his decisions, breathed life and possible; for prosperity and for happiness. Colgate W. Darden, Jr., and the Honorable vitality into the Constitution. John Stewart Battle. These two illustrious I cannot find words adequate to pay proper statesmen are devoted public servants and and appropriate tribute to your beloved Con­ stalwart Democrats. Their administrations gressman. His devotion to duty; outstand­ as chief executives of this State were in the ing capabilities; wise leadership and calm Address of Hon. William M. Tuck, of Vir· finest traditions of the Commonwealth, and and courageous conduct are a source of in­ ginia, Before the Jefferson-Jackson Day their contributions to the cause of good gov­ spiration to me. ernment are shining examples of what the It is always appropriate and fitting at all Dinner of the Eighth Congressional Dis­ Democratic Party in Virginia stands for. I Democratic gatherings to pay respect to the know you will join with me in extending memory of Thomas Jefferson, the founder of trict in Charlottesville, Va., May 25, hearty greetings and best wishes to Colgate the Democratic Party. As every Virginian 1957 Darden and John Battle. knows, he was its first champion and the I am aware of the high esteem and warm most brilliant, farsighted, and bold philoso­ affection you have for your beloved Congress­ ~her the Republic has ever known. He envi­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS man, Hon. HOWARD W. SMITH, but sometimes sioned the Democratic Party as the party of the people and declared that governments OF I wonder if the people of this Congressional district--and for that matter the Common­ are not the masters but the servants of the wealth of Virginia, and the Nation-fully people. HON. WATKINS M. ABBITT realize and appreciate the sterling qualities Jefferson stood for the legitimate rights of OF VmGINIA of leadershp and ability of this outstanding the States and in the most positive terms ad­ public servant and statesman. I have ad­ vocated the greatest degree of local govern­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mired him throughout his public career, but ment. He denounced the idea of govern­ Tuesday, May 28, 1957 since I became a Member of the Congress it ment catering to groups seeking special has been my pleasure and privilege to know privileges, and it was his belief that the Mr. ABBITT. Mr. Speaker, on Satur­ him intimately, follow his leadership, and greatest danger the young Republic would day night, May 25, 1957, the Honorable marvel at his eminent qualifications. Al­ ever have to face from within was the threat WILLIAM M. TUCK, Representative from though not a seeker of publicity and modest of centralization of authority and its in­ and unpretentious to a marked degree, evitable abuses of individual liberties. Al­ the Fifth Congressional District of Vir­ Judge SMITH is always on the front line in though we have been saddened and perturbed ginia, delivered a most important speech the battle for sound legislative measures to witness flagrant abuse of Jeffersonian before the Jefferson-Jackson Day Din­ and in support of fundamen.!(al doctrines principles in national administrations, claim­ ner of the Eighth Congressional District and principles which he believes'in so firmly. ing to be his adherents, it behooves us as of Virginia at Charlottesville, Va. In his capacity as chairman of the all-impor­ Virginia Democrats to insist upon steadfast Congressman TucK is one of the out­ tant and powerful Committee on Rules in adherence to the principles and philosophies standing Members of Congress who is the House of Representatives, he has per­ espoused by the sage of Monticello. formed valiant service in the interest of With masterful emphasis, Mr. Jefferson rendering faithful and loyal service not sound government and in the defense of wrote: "I do verily believe that, if the princi­ only to the people of the Fifth Congres­ States' rights. ple were to prevail of a common law being in sional District but to the Commonwealth It was highly gratifying when on Febru­ force in the United States in which the of Virginia as well as the entire Nation. ary 22, 1955, the American Good Government General (Federal) Government at once I join with Congressman TUcK in his Society, in a resolution of tribute and honor possesses all the powers of the State govern­ commendation of the Honorable HowARD to HOWARD WORTH SMITH, described him in ments and reduces us to a single consolidated W. SMITH, Representative of the Eighth appropriate language as a statesman, lawyer, government, it would become the most cor­ Congressional District of Virginia. farmer, and banker who has served the pub­ rupt government on earth." Let us exert lic weal in an illustrious manner, and it was our every effort to maintain State autonomy Judge SMITH, as he is affectionately pointed out that .among his notable achieve­ and protect the traditional American form called, is one of the great Americans of ments is the Smith Act of 1940, which has of local self-government operating in the today. I commend his people upon hav­ resulted in the conviction of Communist communities and the counties and the ing such an outstanding Representative leaders and aliens whose purpose was the States. to look after their interests in the Halls overthrow of our cherished form of govern­ Although he was born to wealth and posi­ of the Congress. ment. Judge SMITH has also made notable ti