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Thèse Bountiful Ma Pelland Université de Montréal Allégations d’entorse aux lois : Effets sur la réalité sociale d'un groupe de mormons polygames canadiens Par Marie-Andrée Pelland École de Criminologie Faculté des arts et des sciences Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention d’un grade de doctorat en Criminologie Janvier 2007 ©Marie-Andrée Pelland, 2007 Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures Cette thèse intitulée Allégations d’entorses aux lois : Effets sur la réalité sociale d'un groupe de mormons polygames canadiens Présenté par Marie-Andrée Pelland A été évalué(e) par un jury de personnes suivantes : ______________Pierre Landreville_______________ Président-rapporteur ______________Dianne Casoni_____________ Directeur de recherche _______________Jean-Guy Vaillancourt______________ Membre du jury ____________________Martin Geoffroy__________________ Examinateur externe __________________Jean Duhaime___________________ Représentant du doyen de la FES Résumé Cette thèse par articles a pour objectif de comprendre le monde tel que vécu et construit par les membres d’une communauté religieuse minoritaire, les mormons fondamentalistes de Bountiful en Colombie-Britannique, particulièrement en ce qui a trait aux vicissitudes récentes qui affectent leur vie quotidienne soient : la formulation persistante d’allégations d’entorses aux lois contre la communauté ainsi que la scission avec l’Église mère la Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ Latter Day Saint . Pour atteindre cette visée, une épistémologie constructiviste associée à une approche qualitative par études de cas a été choisie afin de comprendre les effets des allégations d’entorses aux lois sur la réalité sociale des membres de la communauté de mormons polygames canadiens dirigée par Winston Blackmore. Pour atteindre cet objectif, plusieurs sources d’information ont été recueillie, par exemple : le récit d’expérience de douze mormons fondamentalistes, plus de 1200 pages de discussion sur le Forum Web du groupe ainsi que les 37 éditions du journal de la communauté the North Star Chronicles, sept rapports de recherches ainsi que 416 articles parus dans les journaux et les périodiques canadiens et étatsuniens ont été colligés et analysés. Cette thèse comprend trois articles. Un premier article présente un portrait historique et dogmatique de la communauté. Un second article traite de la question de l’effet des allégations d’entorses aux lois sur le groupe, que celles-ci soient formulées par des institutions sociales, des détracteurs ou encore publiées dans la presse canadienne. L’analyse permet de constater que depuis 1990, deux types de réaction ont été observés : le retrait silencieux et la confrontation. L’analyse a également permis d’observer que contrairement aux quelques études sur les relations entre la société et les groupes religieux minoritaires, les mormons fondamentalistes n’entretiennent pas de relations conflictuelles avec les représentants institutions de contrôle social. Enfin, un dernier article analyse l’effet de la scission et des allégations sur l’identité sociale du groupe. L’analyse de données a permis de constater que ces événements ont fragilisé l’identité sociale des membres. Trois dimensions principales de leur remise en question identitaire ont été identifiées. Mots Clefs : Polygamie ; mormon fondamentaliste ; groupe religieux minoritaire; identité sociale ; construction de la réalité ; allégation d’entorse aux lois. iv Résumé anglais The objective of this thesis, presented in the form of three articles, is to better understand the lives of Fundamentalist Mormons, a minority religious group living in Bountiful, British Columbia. Notably, recent events affecting their daily lives such as persistent allegations of unlawful conduct, as well as the schism from their original group- the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ Latter Day Saints are objects of study. A constructivist epistemology and a qualitative approach using a case study research method were used to bring to light the effects of the allegations of illegal conduct on the social identity of the members of this Mormon polygamous community directed by Winston Blackmore. Sources of data include: interviews with twelve active members of the group, more than twelve hundred pages of the group’s Website Forum, thirty-seven editions of the North Star Chronicles – the community’s newspaper, seven research reports as well as four hundred and sixteen Canadian and American newspaper and journal articles. The first article presents a historical portrait of the community, which an emphasis on the evolution of their dogma. A second deals with the question of the effects on the group of allegations of unlawful conduct formulated by social institutions, the media and detractors of the group. This analysis shows that since 1990, two types of reaction have been observed within the group: firstly a silent retreat, then one of confrontation. Contrary to certain prior research on relations between society and minority religious groups, this fundamentalist Mormon group does not entertain conflict in their relations with representatives of institutions of social control. The third article presents an analysis of the impact of the schism and of the allegations of unlawful conduct on the social identity of the group. These events are seen to have seriously affected the social identity of members of the community. Three principal dimensions of this identity crisis are identified, described and analysed. Key words: Polygamy; Fundamentalist Mormons; minority religious group; social identity; construction of reality; allegations of unlawful conduct Table des matières Résumé ................................................................................................................................ iii Table des matières ................................................................................................................ v Liste des abréviations ....................................................................................................... viii Les remerciements ............................................................................................................... x 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 11 Les mormons fondamentalistes en Amérique du Nord .................................................... 15 État des connaissances sur la communauté de Bountiful ................................................. 16 Quelques réactions ....................................................................................................... 23 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 25 2. Problématique ................................................................................................................ 27 Questions de terminologie................................................................................................ 29 Le fondamentalisme ......................................................................................................... 32 La construction de la réalité sociale ................................................................................. 35 La réalité sociale dans les groupes religieux minoritaires ............................................... 37 La construction de l’identité sociale dans les groupes religieux ...................................... 42 Chapitre 3 : Méthodologie ................................................................................................. 45 Questions de recherche .................................................................................................... 47 Cadre conceptuel .............................................................................................................. 48 Stratégie méthodologique................................................................................................. 49 Justification de l’approche qualitative ......................................................................... 49 Justification de la méthode de l’étude de cas ............................................................... 50 Sélection des participants ............................................................................................. 51 Entretiens semi-directifs............................................................................................... 52 Caractéristiques des participants .................................................................................. 52 Données documentaires ............................................................................................... 54 Analyse des données .................................................................................................... 56 Les limites de la recherche ........................................................................................... 57 Chapitre 4 : Portrait des mormons fondamentalistes. De Joseph Smith à Winston Blackmore ........................................................................................................................... 58 Stratégies méthodologiques ............................................................................................. 60 La foundation de la Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) ......................... 61 Effets des réactions sociales et législatives : Immigration et prohibition de la polygamie ....................................................................................................................
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