KASA GHAR CLUSTER COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATION Islamic Republic of

Equator Initiative Case Studies Local sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES

Local and Indigenous communities across the world are solutions (NBS) for climate change and local sustainable advancing innovative sustainable development solutions development. Selected from 847 nominations from across that work for people and for nature. Few publications 127 countries, the winners were celebrated at a gala event or case studies tell the full story of how such initiatives in New York, coinciding with UN Climate Week and the evolve, the breadth of their impacts, or how they change 74th Session of the UN General Assembly. The winners are over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories sustainably protecting, restoring, and managing forests, with community practitioners themselves guiding the farms, wetlands, and marine ecosystems to mitigate narrative. The Equator Initiative aims to fill that gap. greenhouse gas emissions, help communities adapt to The Equator Initiative, supported by generous funding from climate change, and create a green new economy. Since the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation 2002, the Equator Prize has been awarded to 245 initiatives. and Development (BMZ) and the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), awarded the The following case study is one in a growing series that Equator Prize 2019 to 22 outstanding local community describes vetted and peer-reviewed best practices and Indigenous peoples initiatives from 16 countries. Each intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to of the 22 winners represents outstanding community and scale nature-based solutions essential to achieving the Indigenous initiatives that are advancing nature-based Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). PROJECT SUMMARY KEY FACTS

Kasa Ghar Cluster Community-Based Organization Equator Prize winner Founded (CBO) was formed by Sherani tribes in 2012 in 2019 2012 response to accelerating deforestation in the Location Chilgoza Forest in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Village Aghbergai, District Sherani, , Islamic Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO sustainably manages 26,000 Republic of Pakistan hectares of forest in Pakistan’s Sulaiman Range, home to the world’s largest remaining chilgoza Beneficiaries (Pinus gerardiana) forests. To reduce dependence Approximately 11,300 direct beneficiaries from 1,420 on timber harvesting, Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO has households across 12 villages; 139 women direct developed a successful model that commercializes beneficiaries in four Women’s Groups the chilgoza by connecting communities Thematic areas directly to the market, resulting in a 23-percent Sustainable agriculture and food security; Forest increase in price. Through trainings organized by conservation/sustainable development; Sustainable Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO’s six Village Organizations livelihoods and four Women’s Groups, local communities Fields of work have learned harvesting techniques to improve Non-timber forest products; Eco-enterprise or green pine nuts sold at market and those used for business; Ecosystem conservation natural regeneration. During the past seven years, deforestation rates have decreased by 25 Sustainable Development Goals addressed percent, while income has increased by 18 percent. Through this approach, the group safeguards the well-being of approximately 11,300 people from 12 villages directly dependent on the forest for their livelihoods and subsistence needs.

EQUATOR PRIZE 2019 WINNER FILM

The depiction and use of boundaries and related information shown on maps or included in text of this document are not guaranteed to be free from error, nor do they imply official acceptance or recognition by the United Nations. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

The Sulaiman Mountains rise from the central plains in the Tribal communities living in Balochistan Province are called Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Pakistan), forming a rugged the Bargha Sherani, while those living in barrier that separates Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province and Province are called the Largha Sherani. These two groups are Province from Balochistan Province. A southern further divided into branches and sub-branches; together extension of the Range, these mountains they constitute a tribal confederation. Social organization is are home to rare wildlife, including the straight-horned patriarchal within the Sherani tribes. Tribal Chiefs, who are markhor (Capra falconeri jerdoni), a wild goat endemic to men and known as Khans, are in charge of decision-making Pakistan. This species is listed as near threatened on the at a community level. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Primary Sherani family livelihoods in the Kasa Ghar and Shin Ghar valleys are related to forests, agriculture, and livestock The Sulaiman Mountains also host the world’s largest rearing. Many families tend to goats, sheep, and cows. remaining chilgoza (Pinus gerardiana) forests. Chilgoza, Approximately 12,000 people directly depend upon these which means ‘forty-nut’ in , one of the official forests for their livelihoods and ecological services. languages of Pakistan, is a type of pine known for its edible, nutrient-dense pine nuts. Also known as Gerrard’s Chilgoza are an important source of timber, fuel wood, pine, chilgoza pine trees grow in dry temperate zones at and turpentine resin. Chilgoza trees also produce edible high elevations between 2,700 and 3,400 metres. The trees pine nuts, which take about 18 months to fully mature. are listed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List. As one of the most expensive nuts in the world, pine nuts are a key cash crop for tribal communities in this region. Chilgoza forests possess both socio-economic and ecological Sustainable management of chilgoza is, therefore, vital for value for Sherani tribal members, who own these forests. safeguarding the economic security of tribal communities. Origin and structure

WWF-Pakistan first identified deforestation as an environ- Tribal communities in the region are considered conservative mental threat to the region during the 1990s. In 2009, WWF- and often restrict open interaction with outsiders. Despite the Pakistan approached the Sherani tribes with a proposal to potential barrier of strict cultural norms, WWF-Pakistan has endorse a community-based conservation and livelihood engaged in consultations and negotiations with the tribe to improvement agreement, but consensus was not reached. ensure separate women’s and men’s groups were established. WWF-Pakistan subsequently began working with receptive WGs were founded in four villages, contributing to women’s individuals in the community. This provided the foundation empowerment through representation in CBO initiatives. for the establishment of an umbrella conservation orga- nization known as Kasa Ghar Cluster Community-Based Within each village, chilgoza forest owners unite to form a Organization (CBO). general body. This body elects two representatives to represent their specific village in the umbrella CBO’s execu- Today, Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO includes representatives of tive committee. The executive committee, in turn, elects the six Village Organizations (VOs), comprised of men, as well CBO’s President and General Secretary. WWF-Pakistan is also as four Women’s Groups (WGs). The CBO is community a member of the executive committee for technical support. owned and managed, while WWF-Pakistan provides basic Community mobilization efforts have been essential to involve support and capacity-building. tribal members in development interventions and decision- making. For example, ‘nature clubs’ support community mobi- 4 lization by engaging students in the CBO’s initiatives. LOCAL CHALLENGES

Socio-economic deprivation

The Sherani tribes experience significant socio-economic 20 percent in Sherani District, Balochistan. Due to poverty deprivation. According to the Sustainable Development and a lack of alternative livelihood opportunities, many Policy Institute, 52 percent of rural communities in tribal families have turned to timber extraction, which has Balochistan and 32 percent in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are included harvesting near-threatened chilgoza trees. living below the poverty line. The literacy rate is less than Chilgoza tree deforestation and degradation

Chilgoza forests have been in steep decline throughout munities have been known to harvest pinecones before the dry valleys of the western . The main the pine nuts ripen. This results in nut wastage, as well threats include overexploitation for firewood and timber, as a reduction in the quantity of left for natural overgrazing, and the conversion of forests for agricultural regeneration. and pastoral land use. At lower elevations, chilgoza have been nearly eliminated. The forest region has historically lacked administrative and legal support for chilgoza protection. Without effective Chilgoza nut harvesting and processing are incredibly land-management or conservation strategies, chilgoza time, risk, and resource intensive. As a result, local com- pines have been susceptible to timber smuggling. Market inaccessibility

Due to their geographical isolation, tribal communities brokers. Too often, local harvesters would receive a small have been poorly connected to larger market hubs, and, fraction of the market price of chilgoza pine nuts. Other thus, not equitably compensated for their products. With a members of the community would lease pinecones to a limited understanding of competitive marketing prices for third party for harvesting and selling, which also resulted highly valued chilgoza pine nuts, local chilgoza harvest- in meagre and inequitable income for villagers. ers risk being left at the mercy of more-highly informed

5 LOCAL RESPONSES

Localizing the sustainable harvest

Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO protects the largest standing Chilgoza processing units were established in two chilgoza forest in the world through its sustainable centrally located villages, where all community members chilgoza pine nut harvesting and processing initiative. could access them during the harvest. These processing Recognizing that tribal communities were missing out on units were equipped with nut roasting, packing, and income when they sold chilgoza pine nuts through third labelling equipment. The CBO also provided 300 chilgoza parties, Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO implemented a plan to nut harvesters with toolkits, which included safety belts localize the harvesting, roasting, labelling, and marketing for harvesters to climb trees. The CBO conducted training stages of the chilgoza value chain. This innovative about agricultural practices, processing techniques, approach resulted in added-valued chilgoza pine nuts, and marketing of chilgoza nuts. As a result of these with increases in financial rewards for local families. interventions, households that sold chilgoza nuts experienced improved livelihoods and food security.

KEY IMPACTS Localizing the sustainable pine nut harvest

■ Pine nut wastage has declined from 40 percent to 12 percent since the CBO was established. ■ Local income from chilgoza nuts increased by 18 percent as a result of wastage reduction alone. ■ Following training, facilitation, roasting, and packaging, 15 households were able to market 150 kilograms of nuts for a price that was 14 percent higher than the prevailing market rates. ■ Incomes increased in 85 households.

Land-management plan

The CBO, with the support of WWF-Pakistan, brought 260 ■ 103 hectares are used for controlled grazing in Kasa hectares of forest under improved management using Ghar Valley; traditional ecological practices. This forest is divided into ■ 19.5 hectares are used as block plantations; various sections: ■ 10 hectares are used as woodlots, established as an alternative fuel wood source to reduce pressure on ■ In Narai Ghar, 115 hectares are under community- the chilgoza forests and olive patches; and based forest management based upon the traditional ■ 12.5 hectares are sown with chilgoza seeds to practice of pargor, which bans the cutting of green regenerate the forests. trees in designated forest areas;

6 Since the CBO has controlled grazing and implemented of chilgoza trees, the CBO has supported carbon seques- a watch-and-ward monitoring system, cover has tration, which, in turn, contributes to climate change improved on 260 hectares. By preventing deforestation mitigation.

KEY IMPACTS Land-management plan

■ Chilgoza tree cutting was reduced from 1,014 trees to 760 trees in 2014. ■ Five villages have restarted the traditional practice of pargor, resulting in the protection of 260 hectares. ■ Green tree cutting has decreased by 25 percent. ■ Chilgoza tree regeneration has increased by 28 percent. ■ The population of near-threatened straight-horned markhor increased by 30 percent from 2011 to 2015, a key indicator of chilgoza forest ecosystem health.

Marketing linkages

Chilgoza trees produce high-quality pine nuts that have Community members from the Kasa Ghar Valley the capacity to be sold at a competitive price in national participated in a market exposure visit to Akbari Mandi in and international markets. Whereas past chilgoza forest Lahore, one of the largest dry fruit markets in Pakistan. This conservation interventions paid very little attention to visit helped community members develop market linkages a market-based approach, the CBO and partner WWF- with vendors in other regions. These new connections Pakistan strongly encourage it. The CBO is commercializing allowed Kasa Ghar chilgoza producers to sell their harvests the chilgoza pine nut by connecting communities directly directly for higher income by bypassing inequitable to the market, which has resulted in selling the nuts at trading previously relied upon with third-party brokers. higher prices and higher incomes for families.

KEY IMPACTS Marketing linkages

■ As a result of marketing linkages and capacity-building, 70 Kasa Ghar households were able to sell 1,750 kilograms of chilgoza nuts at 23-percent higher prices. ■ The project enabled harvesters to sell chilgoza nuts for 738 Pakistani Rupees (PKR) instead of 600 PKR.

7 Women’s Groups

Despite strict cultural norms and the conservative nature improve health conditions. Two vocational training of the community, four Women’s Groups (WGs) were centres, where women participate in handicrafts and successfully established to ensure representation of sewing, have also opened. These initiatives have been women in this initiative. WWF-Pakistan also introduced successfully implemented and sustained by the Kasa Ghar several women-focused activities, including vocational Cluster CBO. trainings and distributions of fuel-efficient stoves to

KEY IMPACTS Women’s Groups

■ Four Women’s Groups have been established, contributing to the empowerment of 139 women. ■ More than 150 training sessions for women have occurred at the vocational training centres.

“The nutshell of the project is that the community is now realizing the ecological importance of chilgoza forest, they are aware about the economic and environmental benefit of the forest, and now they are contributing to the conservation of chilgoza forests. That is the most important thing.” Kamran Hussain, WWF-Pakistan

8 DATA, MONITORING, AND REPORTING

Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO’s initiatives support the goals, Though Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO was not directly involved including Article (7) on Identification and Monitoring, in Pakistan’s Sixth National Report (6NR) to CBD, the CBO’s of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which monitoring efforts provide a rich source of data that Pakistan signed in 1992 and ratified in 1994. The group’s could be highlighted in future national reports. The CBO’s work specifically contributes to reporting on multiple monitoring initiatives could specifically enrich Section II of National Targets (NTs) outlined in Pakistan’s National Pakistan’s 6NR on National Targets (NTs). For example, by Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), the national reducing tree cutting from 1,014 trees to 760 trees in 2014, policy instrument that supports implementation of the the CBO partially supports NT 5, which states: “By 2020, the CBD, as well as reporting on the global Aichi Biodiversity rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at Targets (ABTs). Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO’s data collection, least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and monitoring, and reporting initiatives can be leveraged degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced.” to support the development of national reports on “The nutshell of the project is that the community is now realizing implementation, which are periodically required of Parties Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO’s monitoring also provides data to the CBD. supporting the 6NR’s Section VI related to contributions the ecological importance of chilgoza forest, they are aware about the of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities and the Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO engages in extensive biodiversity importance of traditional management systems. The economic and environmental benefit of the forest, and now they are monitoring through both data collection and reporting CBO’s monitoring efforts demonstrate how resuscitating activities that measure initiatives’ impacts. For example, the traditional pargor management system upholds contributing to the conservation of chilgoza forests. That is the most when a tree is cut from the forest, it is brought to the traditional knowledge and prevents unsustainable cutting village of Ahmadi Darga, where a log depot monitor of green trees. important thing.” records its cutting. The annual deforestation rate is recorded and made publicly available in the ‘Chilgoza Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO’s monitoring efforts can also enrich Kamran Hussain, WWF-Pakistan Forest Conservation and Management Plan, Sulaiman reporting within 6NR Section IV related to the global ABTs. Range.’ The CBO also measures forest density and monitors For instance, the CBO’s monitoring activities illustrate how the total annual nut yield, which is recorded and publicly initiatives directly support ABT 3 by providing incentives available in the same conservation plan. WWF-Pakistan for biodiversity conservation; ABT 5 by reducing habitat works with a local community activist to conduct a range loss rates; ABT 7 by engaging in sustainable forestry; of additional surveys. These include forest surveys, which ABT 14 through ecosystem restoration; ABT 15 through measure the diameter, height, and regeneration status of ecosystem-based carbon sequestration; and ABT 18 by each sample plot; questionnaires that obtain information restoring and implementing traditional ecological and about local timber and fuel wood consumption; and land-management knowledge. wildlife surveys, which assess population and distribution of local mammals and birds.

9 POLICY IMPACTS

National policy impacts

Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO’s work is influencing policy at chilgoza as “a plant species of conservation concern local and national levels. For example, the CBO recently to be recovered under NBSAP.” As a result of Kasa Ghar worked at the local level to influence the Provincial Forest Cluster CBO’s sustainable management of chilgoza Department to impose a ban on cutting green trees based forests, populations of both straight-horned markhor and upon traditional knowledge. chilgoza trees have increased. By preserving two species that are listed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List, At the national level, Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO is also helping Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO supports NT 12 of Pakistan’s NBSAP, Pakistan further implement a range of NTs in its NBSAP. which reads: “By 2020, the extinction of known threatened For example, Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO’s community-based species has been prevented and their conservation status, forest management contributes to progress on NT 7, which particularly of those most in decline, has been improved provides specific 2020-based goals related to the sustain- and sustained.” able management of forests with recognized linkages to biodiversity conservation. Through its collaborative, tribal By resuscitating the pargor system, the CBO has inte- community-led forestry management and chilgoza har- grated traditional knowledge in its conservation efforts, vesting practices, the CBO specifically supports Pakistan’s furthering NT 18, which states: “By 2020, the traditional NT 7.2, which calls for “collaborative or joint forest manage- knowledge, innovations and practices of Indigenous ment approaches … to reduce the anthropogenic impacts and local communities relevant for the conservation and by improving livelihoods of local people based on sustain- sustainable use of biodiversity, and their customary use of able use of components of biodiversity.” biological resources, are respected … and fully integrated and reflected in the implementation of the Convention Pakistan’s NBSAP identifies the near-threatened straight- with the full and effective participation of Indigenous and horned markhor (Capra falconeri jerodi) as an important local communities, at all levels.” game species, while identifying the near-threatened Contributions to the global agenda

At the global level, Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO supports incentive for community members to preserve chilgoza the implementation of several important multilateral forests. This initiative supports ABT 3, which states that, agreements, including the CBD, the United Nations by 2020, “positive incentives for the conservation and Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and sustainable use of biodiversity are developed and applied, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 consistent and in harmony with the Convention” and other Agenda). applicable international obligations.

Related to the CBD, Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO’s work offers key By regenerating chilgoza trees and strengthening ecosys- contributions to the ABTs, global 2011-2020 biodiversity tem health, the CBO has has safeguarded the forests. In priorities aligned with multiple specific NTs in Pakistan’s turn, the forests provide Sherani tribes, which experience NBSAP. For example, by creating stronger market linkages significant socio-economic deprivation, with economic and enhancing the added value of chilgoza pine nuts, security. In this way, the CBO also supports ABT 14, which Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO introduced a positive economic states: “By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential ser-

10 vices, including services related to water, and contribute Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. For example, by pre- to health, livelihood and well-being, are restored and venting deforestation and promoting tree regeneration, safeguarded, taking into account the needs of women, the CBO contributes to overall ecosystem health and Indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vul- preserves chilgoza trees as carbon stores. In turn, this sup- nerable.” Additionally, the CBO’s positive contributions to ports the goals of climate action (SDG 13) and life on land the conservation of the near-threatened straight-horned (SDG 15). By forging strong, profitable market linkages markhor and chilgoza trees contribute to ABT 12 related with new chilgoza vendors, the CBO supports the goal of to preventing species extinction. Furthermore, Kasa Ghar decent work and economic growth (SDG 8). The increased CBO’s initiatives support ABT 18 related to respect and income from chilgoza nuts contributes to the goals of no integration of traditional ecological knowledge. poverty (SDG 1) and zero hunger (SDG 2). Moreover, the CBO targets whole households for equitable poverty re- Additionally, Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO’s work on forest-based duction, rather than focusing on the heads of households, carbon sequestration aligns with the UNFCCC, which who, in this case are men. This helps reduce poverty in an Pakistan ratified in 1994. equitable way and furthers the goal on reduced inequality (SDG 10). The work of Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO likewise contributes to the achievement of numerous Sustainable Development

“At first, the price of chilgoza [pine nuts] was not much. We would consider the wood of the chilgoza rather than its fruit; thus, we would cut trees … The difference is, at that time, we were making a living cutting the trees. But now we are making more money through the fruit, which we sell from the trees, and the money we make from it works well to meet our expenditures until the next season.” Yaar Muhammad, Community Leader and Tribal Elder

11 REPLICATION, SCALABILITY, AND SUSTAINABILITY

Replication

Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO is currently working exclusively A representative from Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO participates in the Kasa Ghar area of the Sulaiman Range. However, in the Balochistan Rural Support Programme, which the CBO’s interventions could be replicated in other provides a platform to share experiences and best communities with similar socio-economic conditions in practices. Increasing the potential for replication, the the Sulaiman Range, including the communities of Kunday CBO also facilitates exposure visits to the area for other Qaisa, Narray Ghar, Obashtha Soka, Dolay, Zarghoon communities and organizations, including the Pakistan Zawar, Garrdaw, and Zheda Ponga. Poverty Alleviation Fund and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Forest Department. The CBO amplifies its best practices on a local and regional level, which contributes to replication potential. Scalability

To increase the scale of direct marketing, community Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO’s interventions could also be scaled representatives participated in an exposure visit to up to include other communities that rely on pine nut Akbari Mandi in Lahore in order to develop market harvests. By providing these communities with processing linkages with additional vendors. This will help them units, training, and strong market linkages, they could increasingly bypass third-party brokers and, instead, engage in sustainable poverty reduction. The Food and sell their harvests directly to other vendors in the future. Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is Looking ahead, these additional market linkages could currently implementing a Global Environment Facility be expanded to other cities within Pakistan and around (GEF)-funded project at a national level, using similar the region. interventions to the CBO. Sustainability

Though many individuals within Sherani tribal communities support is important to ensure long-term sustainability and have embraced the sustainable natural resource management strengthening of the CBO. approach to chilgoza forests, external financial and technical

12 FUTURE PLANS

Looking ahead, the CBO is exploring internet-based marketing to expand access to international markets for chilgoza. A portion of the Equator Prize monetary award will be used to develop a website. Moreover, the CBO is working on value addition of chilgoza nut products, including new packaging and labelling.

In the future, Kasa Ghar Cluster CBO plans to transition to 100 percent non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to generate community livelihoods. With the knowledge that wild olive trees grow alongside chilgoza pines, the CBO is exploring the potential of grafting the trees and generating olive oil.

PARTNERS

■ Balochistan Forest and Wildlife Department: ■ Provincial Agriculture Department: Supported olive Collaborated on community-based forest grating and provided improved . management and wildlife protection. ■ Provincial Livestock Department: Supported ■ Balochistan Rural Support Programme: Supported livestock vaccination. flood-protection construction. ■ WWF-Pakistan: Supported trainings and provided ■ Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund: Provided technical support. infrastructure-development funding. SOURCES AND FURTHER RESOURCES

Aziz, M.A., et al. ‘Comparative regeneration status of Pinus gerardiana in two forest-use types of Suleiman mountain range near the Pakistan- border region: Historical, current, and future perspectives.’ Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2017. Available online here.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). ‘Improving livelihoods through the restoration of chilgoza pine in Pakistan as part of The Restoration Initiative (TRI).’ 2019. Available online here.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). ‘Reversing deforestation in chilgoza pine forests by assisting the local communities.’ 2019. Available online here.

Government of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. ‘Pakistan: National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) for achieving Aichi Biodiversity Targets and Sustainable Development Goals.’ 2015. Available online here.

Government of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. ‘Pakistan’s Sixth National Report to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.’ 2019. Available online here.

Imran, M., et al. ‘Socio-economic factors responsible for the degradation of forest in Sherani District, Balochistan.’ European Academic Research. 2016. Available online here.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. ‘Gerrard’s pine (Pinus gerardiana).’ 2013. Available online here.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. ‘Markhor (Capra falconeri).’ 2015. Available online here.

Musakhel, M.Y., et al. ‘Wildlife survey of Sulaiman markhor in Narai Ghar and Qaisa Ghar District Sherani, Sulaiman Range Balochistan.’ 2014. Available online here.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Pakistan. ‘The rewarding ‘forty-nuts’ of the Suleiman mountains.’ 2019. Available online here. 13 WWF-Pakistan. ‘Annual report 2019.’ 2019. Available online here.

WWF-Pakistan. ‘Descriptive Terminal Progress Report: Chilghoza forest conservation and livelihood improvement in the Suleiman Range, Zhob, Baluchistan.’ 2015. Available online here.

14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude Kasa Ghar Community-Based Organization, in particular Kamran Hussain for his insight and support. All photos courtesy of Kasa Ghar CBO. Maps courtesy of United Nations Geospatial Information Section and Wikipedia.

Editors Editor-in-Chief: Anne LS Virnig Managing Editor: Amanda Bielawski Contributing Editors: Marion Marigo, Martin Sommerschuh, Christina Supples, Adeline Thompson

Writer Mattea Mrkusic

Design Kimberly Koserowski

Suggested citation United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). ‘Kasa Ghar Cluster Community-Based Organization (CBO), Islamic Republic of Pakistan.’ Equator Initiative Case Study Series. 2020. New York, NY.

Equator Initiative Sustainable Development Cluster United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 304 East 45th Street, 15th Floor New York, NY 10017 www.equatorinitiative.org

UNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to end the injustice of poverty, inequality, and climate change. Working with our broad network of experts and partners in 170 countries, we help nations to build integrated, lasting solutions for people and planet. Learn more at undp.org or follow at @UNDP.

The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses, and grassroots organizations to recognize and advance local sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities.

©2020 Equator Initiative All rights reserved