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Data Compression: Dictionary-Based Coding 2 / 37 Dictionary-Based Coding Dictionary-Based Coding
Dictionary-based Coding already coded not yet coded search buffer look-ahead buffer cursor (N symbols) (L symbols) We know the past but cannot control it. We control the future but... Last Lecture Last Lecture: Predictive Lossless Coding Predictive Lossless Coding Simple and effective way to exploit dependencies between neighboring symbols / samples Optimal predictor: Conditional mean (requires storage of large tables) Affine and Linear Prediction Simple structure, low-complex implementation possible Optimal prediction parameters are given by solution of Yule-Walker equations Works very well for real signals (e.g., audio, images, ...) Efficient Lossless Coding for Real-World Signals Affine/linear prediction (often: block-adaptive choice of prediction parameters) Entropy coding of prediction errors (e.g., arithmetic coding) Using marginal pmf often already yields good results Can be improved by using conditional pmfs (with simple conditions) Heiko Schwarz (Freie Universität Berlin) — Data Compression: Dictionary-based Coding 2 / 37 Dictionary-based Coding Dictionary-Based Coding Coding of Text Files Very high amount of dependencies Affine prediction does not work (requires linear dependencies) Higher-order conditional coding should work well, but is way to complex (memory) Alternative: Do not code single characters, but words or phrases Example: English Texts Oxford English Dictionary lists less than 230 000 words (including obsolete words) On average, a word contains about 6 characters Average codeword length per character would be limited by 1 -
PURM Revised Manuscript -- Stretching Beyond
Finding Patterns and Making Predictions: A Dialogue on Mentored Student Research and Engaged Learning Abroad Anthony Hatcher, Ph.D., Elon University, US, [email protected] Mia Watkins, A.B., Elon University, US During the week of April 7-11, 2014, a team of five undergraduate researchers and two mentors from Elon University in Elon, N.C., traveled to Hong Kong to conduct oral history interviews with inductees at the Internet Hall of Fame (IHOF) Induction/International IT Fest 2014. Coverage of IHOF is one of the many joint initiatives of the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project and the Imagining the Internet Center at Elon University. This essay presents an overview of the planning and research processes used by Elon University School of Communications students who interviewed and recorded inductees to the 2014 Internet Hall of Fame. The essay concludes with a dialogue between a professor/mentor, Anthony Hatcher, and one of the student researchers, Mia Watkins, who conducted follow-up research based on the interviewees’ responses. Watkins’ commentary on various stages of the process also appears throughout the essay. About the Imagining the Internet Center A central purpose of Elon’s Imagining the Internet Center is primary source data collection in order to create a permanent, ongoing archive and interactive history of the rapidly evolving world of digital communication, specifically the origins and development of the Internet. These data include video interviews with Internet pioneers involved in significant discoveries and innovations. The Center maintains that learning from past achievements can inform future public policy. The mission of the Imagining the Internet Center is “to explore and provide insights into emerging network innovations, global development, dynamics, diffusion and governance” (Imagining the Internet, n.d.). -
Digital Communication Systems 2.2 Optimal Source Coding
Digital Communication Systems EES 452 Asst. Prof. Dr. Prapun Suksompong [email protected] 2. Source Coding 2.2 Optimal Source Coding: Huffman Coding: Origin, Recipe, MATLAB Implementation 1 Examples of Prefix Codes Nonsingular Fixed-Length Code Shannon–Fano code Huffman Code 2 Prof. Robert Fano (1917-2016) Shannon Award (1976 ) Shannon–Fano Code Proposed in Shannon’s “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” in 1948 The method was attributed to Fano, who later published it as a technical report. Fano, R.M. (1949). “The transmission of information”. Technical Report No. 65. Cambridge (Mass.), USA: Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT. Should not be confused with Shannon coding, the coding method used to prove Shannon's noiseless coding theorem, or with Shannon–Fano–Elias coding (also known as Elias coding), the precursor to arithmetic coding. 3 Claude E. Shannon Award Claude E. Shannon (1972) Elwyn R. Berlekamp (1993) Sergio Verdu (2007) David S. Slepian (1974) Aaron D. Wyner (1994) Robert M. Gray (2008) Robert M. Fano (1976) G. David Forney, Jr. (1995) Jorma Rissanen (2009) Peter Elias (1977) Imre Csiszár (1996) Te Sun Han (2010) Mark S. Pinsker (1978) Jacob Ziv (1997) Shlomo Shamai (Shitz) (2011) Jacob Wolfowitz (1979) Neil J. A. Sloane (1998) Abbas El Gamal (2012) W. Wesley Peterson (1981) Tadao Kasami (1999) Katalin Marton (2013) Irving S. Reed (1982) Thomas Kailath (2000) János Körner (2014) Robert G. Gallager (1983) Jack KeilWolf (2001) Arthur Robert Calderbank (2015) Solomon W. Golomb (1985) Toby Berger (2002) Alexander S. Holevo (2016) William L. Root (1986) Lloyd R. Welch (2003) David Tse (2017) James L. -
Randomized Lempel-Ziv Compression for Anti-Compression Side-Channel Attacks
Randomized Lempel-Ziv Compression for Anti-Compression Side-Channel Attacks by Meng Yang A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2018 c Meng Yang 2018 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Security experts confront new attacks on TLS/SSL every year. Ever since the compres- sion side-channel attacks CRIME and BREACH were presented during security conferences in 2012 and 2013, online users connecting to HTTP servers that run TLS version 1.2 are susceptible of being impersonated. We set up three Randomized Lempel-Ziv Models, which are built on Lempel-Ziv77, to confront this attack. Our three models change the determin- istic characteristic of the compression algorithm: each compression with the same input gives output of different lengths. We implemented SSL/TLS protocol and the Lempel- Ziv77 compression algorithm, and used them as a base for our simulations of compression side-channel attack. After performing the simulations, all three models successfully pre- vented the attack. However, we demonstrate that our randomized models can still be broken by a stronger version of compression side-channel attack that we created. But this latter attack has a greater time complexity and is easily detectable. Finally, from the results, we conclude that our models couldn't compress as well as Lempel-Ziv77, but they can be used against compression side-channel attacks. -
Principles of Communications ECS 332
Principles of Communications ECS 332 Asst. Prof. Dr. Prapun Suksompong (ผศ.ดร.ประพันธ ์ สขสมปองุ ) [email protected] 1. Intro to Communication Systems Office Hours: Check Google Calendar on the course website. Dr.Prapun’s Office: 6th floor of Sirindhralai building, 1 BKD 2 Remark 1 If the downloaded file crashed your device/browser, try another one posted on the course website: 3 Remark 2 There is also three more sections from the Appendices of the lecture notes: 4 Shannon's insight 5 “The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another point.” Shannon, Claude. A Mathematical Theory Of Communication. (1948) 6 Shannon: Father of the Info. Age Documentary Co-produced by the Jacobs School, UCSD- TV, and the California Institute for Telecommunic ations and Information Technology 7 [http://www.uctv.tv/shows/Claude-Shannon-Father-of-the-Information-Age-6090] [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2Whj_nL-x8] C. E. Shannon (1916-2001) Hello. I'm Claude Shannon a mathematician here at the Bell Telephone laboratories He didn't create the compact disc, the fax machine, digital wireless telephones Or mp3 files, but in 1948 Claude Shannon paved the way for all of them with the Basic theory underlying digital communications and storage he called it 8 information theory. C. E. Shannon (1916-2001) 9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47ag2sXRDeU C. E. Shannon (1916-2001) One of the most influential minds of the 20th century yet when he died on February 24, 2001, Shannon was virtually unknown to the public at large 10 C. -
Marconi Society - Wikipedia
9/23/2019 Marconi Society - Wikipedia Marconi Society The Guglielmo Marconi International Fellowship Foundation, briefly called Marconi Foundation and currently known as The Marconi Society, was established by Gioia Marconi Braga in 1974[1] to commemorate the centennial of the birth (April 24, 1874) of her father Guglielmo Marconi. The Marconi International Fellowship Council was established to honor significant contributions in science and technology, awarding the Marconi Prize and an annual $100,000 grant to a living scientist who has made advances in communication technology that benefits mankind. The Marconi Fellows are Sir Eric A. Ash (1984), Paul Baran (1991), Sir Tim Berners-Lee (2002), Claude Berrou (2005), Sergey Brin (2004), Francesco Carassa (1983), Vinton G. Cerf (1998), Andrew Chraplyvy (2009), Colin Cherry (1978), John Cioffi (2006), Arthur C. Clarke (1982), Martin Cooper (2013), Whitfield Diffie (2000), Federico Faggin (1988), James Flanagan (1992), David Forney, Jr. (1997), Robert G. Gallager (2003), Robert N. Hall (1989), Izuo Hayashi (1993), Martin Hellman (2000), Hiroshi Inose (1976), Irwin M. Jacobs (2011), Robert E. Kahn (1994) Sir Charles Kao (1985), James R. Killian (1975), Leonard Kleinrock (1986), Herwig Kogelnik (2001), Robert W. Lucky (1987), James L. Massey (1999), Robert Metcalfe (2003), Lawrence Page (2004), Yash Pal (1980), Seymour Papert (1981), Arogyaswami Paulraj (2014), David N. Payne (2008), John R. Pierce (1979), Ronald L. Rivest (2007), Arthur L. Schawlow (1977), Allan Snyder (2001), Robert Tkach (2009), Gottfried Ungerboeck (1996), Andrew Viterbi (1990), Jack Keil Wolf (2011), Jacob Ziv (1995). In 2015, the prize went to Peter T. Kirstein for bringing the internet to Europe. Since 2008, Marconi has also issued the Paul Baran Marconi Society Young Scholar Awards. -
Creating Intelligent Machines at Deere &
THE 2018 CT HALL OF FAME CES 2019 PREVIEW NOVEMBERDECEMBER 2018 BLOCKCHAIN NEW WAYS TO TRANSACT SMART CARS MONITORING DRIVERS TECH CONNECTING DOCTORS WITH PATIENTS SENIOR VP, INTELLIGENT SOLUTIONS GROUP John Stone Creating Intelligent Machines at Deere & Co. i3_1118_C1_COVER_layout.indd 1 10/24/18 3:50 PM MEET THE MOST IRRESISTIBLE NEW POWER COUPLE EVERYBODY’S TALKING Sharp’s all-new, modern and elegant, built-in wall oven features an edge-to-edge black glass and stainless steel design. The SWA3052DS pairs beautifully with our new SMD2480CS Microwave DrawerTM, the new power couple of style and performance. This 5.0 cu. ft. 240V. built-in wall oven uses True European Convection to cook evenly and heat effi ciently. The 8 pass upper-element provides edge-to-edge performance. Sharp’s top-of-the-line Microwave Drawer™ features Easy Wave Open for touchless operation. Hands full? Simply wave up-and-down near the motion sensor and the SMD2480CS glides open. It’s just the kind of elegant engineering, smart functionality and cutting-edge performance you’d expect from Sharp. NEW TOUCH GLASS CONTROL PANEL EDGE-TO-EDGE, BLACK GLASS & STAINLESS STEEL OPTIONAL 30" EXTENSION KIT SHOWN Simply Better Living www.SharpUSA.com © 2018 Sharp Electronics Corporation. All rights reserved. Sharp, Microwave Drawer™ Oven and all related trademarks are trademarks or regis- tered trademarks of Sharp Corporation and/or its affi liated entities. Product specifi cations and design are subject to change without notice. Internal capacity calculated by measuring maximum width, -
MÁSTER UNIVERSITARIO EN INGENIERÍA DE TELECOMUNICACIÓN TRABAJO FIN DE MASTER Analysis and Implementation of New Techniques Fo
MÁSTER UNIVERSITARIO EN INGENIERÍA DE TELECOMUNICACIÓN TRABAJO FIN DE MASTER Analysis and Implementation of New Techniques for the Enhancement of the Reliability and Delay of Haptic Communications LUIS AMADOR GONZÁLEZ 2017 MASTER UNIVERSITARIO EN INGENIERÍA DE TELECOMUNICACIÓN TRABAJO FIN DE MASTER Título: Analysis and Implementation of New Techniques for the Enhancement of the Reliability and Delay of Haptic Communications Autor: D. Luis Amador González Tutor: D. Hamid Aghvami Ponente: D. Santiago Zazo Bello Departamento: MIEMBROS DEL TRIBUNAL Presidente: D. Vocal: D. Secretario: D. Suplente: D. Los miembros del tribunal arriba nombrados acuerdan otorgar la calificación de: ……… Madrid, a de de 20… UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS DE TELECOMUNICACIÓN MASTER UNIVERSITARIO EN INGENIERÍA DE TELECOMUNICACIÓN TRABAJO FIN DE MASTER Analysis and Implementation of New Techniques for the Enhancement of the Reliability and Delay of Haptic Communications LUIS AMADOR GONZÁLEZ 2017 CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .....................................................................................2 LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................3 ABBREVIATIONS .....................................................................................4 SUMMARY ............................................................................................5 RESUMEN .............................................................................................6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -
Channel Coding
1 Channel Coding: The Road to Channel Capacity Daniel J. Costello, Jr., Fellow, IEEE, and G. David Forney, Jr., Fellow, IEEE Submitted to the Proceedings of the IEEE First revision, November 2006 Abstract Starting from Shannon’s celebrated 1948 channel coding theorem, we trace the evolution of channel coding from Hamming codes to capacity-approaching codes. We focus on the contributions that have led to the most significant improvements in performance vs. complexity for practical applications, particularly on the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. We discuss algebraic block codes, and why they did not prove to be the way to get to the Shannon limit. We trace the antecedents of today’s capacity-approaching codes: convolutional codes, concatenated codes, and other probabilistic coding schemes. Finally, we sketch some of the practical applications of these codes. Index Terms Channel coding, algebraic block codes, convolutional codes, concatenated codes, turbo codes, low-density parity- check codes, codes on graphs. I. INTRODUCTION The field of channel coding started with Claude Shannon’s 1948 landmark paper [1]. For the next half century, its central objective was to find practical coding schemes that could approach channel capacity (hereafter called “the Shannon limit”) on well-understood channels such as the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. This goal proved to be challenging, but not impossible. In the past decade, with the advent of turbo codes and the rebirth of low-density parity-check codes, it has finally been achieved, at least in many cases of practical interest. As Bob McEliece observed in his 2004 Shannon Lecture [2], the extraordinary efforts that were required to achieve this objective may not be fully appreciated by future historians. -
The People Who Invented the Internet Source: Wikipedia's History of the Internet
The People Who Invented the Internet Source: Wikipedia's History of the Internet PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 22 Sep 2012 02:49:54 UTC Contents Articles History of the Internet 1 Barry Appelman 26 Paul Baran 28 Vint Cerf 33 Danny Cohen (engineer) 41 David D. Clark 44 Steve Crocker 45 Donald Davies 47 Douglas Engelbart 49 Charles M. Herzfeld 56 Internet Engineering Task Force 58 Bob Kahn 61 Peter T. Kirstein 65 Leonard Kleinrock 66 John Klensin 70 J. C. R. Licklider 71 Jon Postel 77 Louis Pouzin 80 Lawrence Roberts (scientist) 81 John Romkey 84 Ivan Sutherland 85 Robert Taylor (computer scientist) 89 Ray Tomlinson 92 Oleg Vishnepolsky 94 Phil Zimmermann 96 References Article Sources and Contributors 99 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 102 Article Licenses License 103 History of the Internet 1 History of the Internet The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching. Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks. In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. -
Press Release
Press Release Stanford Professor A.J. Paulraj Wins the 2014 Marconi Prize Honored for his pioneering contributions to developing the theory and applications of MIMO antennas Palo Alto, CA, January 21, 2014—Professor (Emeritus) Arogyaswami Joseph Paulraj, Stanford University, has been awarded the prestigious 2014 Marconi Society Prize. His idea for using multiple antennas at both the transmitting and receiving stations - which is at the heart of the current high speed WiFi and 4G mobile systems – has revolutionized high speed wireless delivery of multimedia services for billions of people. “Paul (as he is commonly known) has made profound contributions to wireless technology, and the resulting benefit to mankind is indisputable. Every wifi router and 4G phone today uses MIMO technology pioneered by him,” says Professor Sir David Payne, Chairman of the Marconi Society and Director of the Optoelectronics Research Centre at the University of Southampton. “MIMO will soon be pervasive in all wireless devices. Moreover, Paulraj’s work has provided fertile ground for thousands of researchers to explore and advance MIMO’s potential to enhance wireless spectrum efficiency.” The Marconi Society, celebrating its 50th year in 2014, was founded by Gioia Marconi Braga. Each year it recognizes one or more scientists who – like her father, radio inventor Guglielmo Marconi – pursue advances in communications and information technology for the social, economic and cultural development of all humanity. Winners, who receive a $100,000 prize, have included scientists whose mathematical theories and inventions have shaped the Internet and broadband access, public key encryption, Web search, wired and wireless transmission, multimedia publishing, optical fiber and satellite communications. -
President's Column
IEEE Information Theory Society Newsletter Vol. 53, No. 3, September 2003 Editor: Lance C. Pérez ISSN 1059-2362 President’s Column Han Vinck This message is written after re- tion of the electronic library, many turning from an exciting Informa- universities and companies make tion Theory Symposium in this product available to their stu- Yokohama, Japan. Our Japanese dents and staff members. For these colleagues prepared an excellent people there is no direct need to be technical program in the beautiful an IEEE member. IEEE member- and modern setting of Yokohama ship reduced in general by about city. The largest number of contri- 10% and the Society must take ac- butions was in the field of LDPC tions to make the value of member- coding, followed by cryptography. ship visible to you and potential It is interesting to observe that new members. This is an impor- quantum information theory gets tant task for the Board and the more and more attention. The Jap- Membership Development com- anese hospitality contributed to IT Society President Han Vinck playing mittee. The Educational Commit- the general success of this year’s traditional Japanese drums. tee, chaired by Ivan Fair, will event. In spite of all the problems contribute to the value of member- with SARS, the Symposium attracted approximately 650 ship by introducing new activities. The first action cur- participants. At the symposium we announced Bob rently being undertaken by this committee is the McEliece to be the winner of the 2004 Shannon Award. creation of a web site whose purpose is to make readily The Claude E.