August 2011
FINAL REPORT
Stage 1 & 2 Archaeological Assessment Morgan's Creek Subdivision 760 March Road, Kanata Part Lot 10, Concession 4 March Township, Carleton County, Ontario
PIF Number: P311-061-2011
Submitted to: Minto Communities Inc. 200-180 Kent Street Ottawa, Ontario K1P 0B6
Attention: Erin O'Connor
Report Number: 11-1126-0032 Distribution:
REPORT 2 copies - Minto Communities Inc. 3 copies - Ministry of Tourism and Culture 2 copies - Golder Associates Ltd.
STAGE 1 & 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT MORGAN'S CREEK SUBDIVISION
Executive Summary
Golder Associates Ltd. was retained by Minto Communities Inc. to undertake a Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment of part Part Lot 10, Concession 4, March Township, Carleton County, Ontario, in advance of a proposed subdivision. The objective of this investigation was to determine the presence of archaeological resources in the area that may be affected by the proposed development, and; if encountered recommend appropriate mitigation strategies.
The Executive Summary highlights key points from the report only; for complete information and findings, as well as the limitations, the reader should examine the complete report.
The study area encompassed two portions of the Lot divided by a creek, located adjacent to March Road and extending north east to Sandhill Road. The south west portion was 7,343 m2 and the northwest portion 15,409 m2. The stage 2 assessment was undertaken on July 15, 2011. The majority of the study area was ploughed and assessed by pedestrian survey at 5 m intervals, the remaining areas were assessed by the hand excavation of shovel test pits at 5 m intervals with back dirt screened through 5 mm mesh.
The assessment resulted in the recovery of 237 artifacts, which are related to the presence of the John Armstrong Jr. residence within the study area. Documentary research indicated that John Armstrong Jr. came into possession of the property in 1870, and occupied it till his death in 1924, after which the building was abandoned and demolished. Analysis of the artifacts indicates a turn of the century farmstead site, with a heavy bias towards the 20th century amongst diagnostic items. There were fewer than 20 artifacts that dated prior to 1900.
The northeast corner of the site is bounded by the cemetery of St. John‟s Anglican Church, founded in 1839. Documentary research has shown that it is highly unlikely that any interment occurred outside of the presently expanded cemetery boundaries.
This investigation has provided the basis for the following recommendations:
1) No further archaeological investigation is required for the study area, and as a consequence that a letter of concurrence with this recommendation be provided by the Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture;
2) That should deeply buried deposits be found on this property during any construction activities, the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, (416) 314-7148, be notified immediately, and;
3) In the event that human remains are encountered during the construction activities, both the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, (416) 314-7148, and the Registrar or Deputy Registrar of the Cemeteries Regulations Unit of the Ministry of Small Business and Consumer Relations, (416) 326-8393, be notified immediately.
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PROJECT PERSONNEL
Client Contact Ms Erin O‟Connor, Minto Communities Inc.
Project Manager Bradley Drouin M.A. (P311)
Lead Archaeologist Erin Wilson M.A. (R312)
Archaeological Licensee Bradley Drouin (P311)
Report preparation Erin Wilson, Brandy Lockhart M.M.A, Tim Rangecroft M.Sc. (R383)
Field Crew Brandy Lockhart, Catharine Dupont M.A, Andrea Jackson M.A. (R370)
GIS Bojan Radojevic
Administrative Support Candice Butler
Ministry of Tourism and Culture Robert Von Bitter
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Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... i
1.0 OBJECTIVES ...... 1
2.0 PROJECT CONTEXT ...... 4
2.1 Development Context ...... 4
2.2 Previous research ...... 4
3.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT ...... 6
3.1 Pre-contact ...... 6
3.2 European Contact and Initial Settlement in the Ottawa Area ...... 7
3.2.1 March Township ...... 8
3.2.2 Property History ...... 9
3.2.3 St. John‟s Cemetery ...... 11
4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT ...... 18
4.1.1 Built Heritage ...... 18
4.1.2 Archaeological Sites...... 18
4.1.3 Property Inspection ...... 18
4.2 Study Area Environment ...... 21
4.2.1 Archaeological Potential ...... 22
4.3 Methodology ...... 24
4.3.1 Stage 2 Field Work...... 24
4.3.2 Results ...... 26
4.3.3 Artifact Analysis ...... 36
5.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 38
6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 40
7.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION ...... 41
8.0 IMPORTANT INFORMATION AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS REPORT ...... 42
9.0 CLOSURE ...... 43
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES ...... 44
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PLATES Plate 1: Over view of Northeast corner of study area- hedge demarcates cemetery boundary. Looking southwest (1111260032-D001)...... 18
Plate 2: Boundary hedge between cemetery and study area. Taken from Sandhill Road, looking Southwest (1111260032-D041)...... 19
Plate 3: Study area looking northeast from photo location 27 (1111260032-D027)...... 19
Plate 4: Study area looking southwest from photo location 18 (1111260032-D018)...... 20
Plate 5: Steep bank unsuitable for testing is visible in far right of photograph; taken at photo location 14 (1111260032-D014)...... 20
Plate 6: View down into wetland (un-testable), cemetery and slope visible in background. Photo taken from location 13 (1111260032-D013)...... 21
Plate 7: Possible septic tank foundation at the northwest edge of the field (1111260032-D048)...... 26
Plate 8: Area of gravel adjacent to the cement foundation, facing northeast (1211260032-D051)...... 27
Plate 9: Large metal wheel rims found in area „A‟, facing west (1111260032-D060)...... 28
Plate 10: Large cut stones aligned adjacent to one another in area „B‟ facing northwest (1111260032-D075)...... 29
Plate 11: Area above the slope adjacent to the waterlogged area facing north (1111260032-D086)...... 30
Plate 12: Test pit in area B in which two whole glass bottles were found, arrow indicating north (1111260032-D082)...... 30
Plate 13: Artifacts: 1) red brick sample 2) wire nail 3) drain pipe 4) window pane 5) machine cut nail 6) wire spike (1111260032-D107)...... 32
Plate 14: Artifacts glass: Machine made bottles 1) complete flask 2) complete alcohol bottle (Owens) (1111260032- D112)...... 32
Plate 15: Artifact: cast iron stove leg (1111260032-D117)...... 33
Plate 16: Artifact: cast iron stove leg (1111260032-D112)...... 33
Plate 17: Artifacts, ceramics: 1) VWE with aqua transfer print and moulded decoration 2) ironstone with moulded Wheat decoration 3) porcelain with decal decoration (1111260032-D091)...... 34
Plate 18: Artifacts: 1) electrical switch 2) knob 3) cleat (1111260032-D090)...... 34
Plate 19: Artifacts miscellaneous: 1) panel bottle 2) leather footwear fragment 3) plastic comb 4) button 5) clay pipe stem (1111260032-D106)...... 35
Plate 20: Artifacts glass:1) bottle base with scar indicating Owens manufacture process 2) manganese/ light purple glass (1111260032-D102)...... 35
TABLES Table 1: Artifact Totals by Function...... 38
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FIGURES Figure 1: Key Plan ...... 2
Figure 2: Site Plan ...... 3
Figure 3: Soil Survey and Physiography ...... 13
Figure 4: Historic Maps...... 14
Figure 5: 1906 Topographic Map ...... 15
Figure 6: Air Photography ...... 16
Figure 7: Cemetery Evolution ...... 17
Figure 8: Archaeological Potential ...... 23
Figure 9: Fieldwork Methodology and Results ...... 25
Figure 10: Photograph Locations ...... 31
APPENDICES APPENDIX A Photographic Catalogue
APPENDIX B Artifact Inventory
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1.0 OBJECTIVES This Stage 1/2 archaeological assessment was completed to identify known archaeological and heritage resources on and in the vicinity of the study area as well as assess the archaeological potential of the subject property. The assessment will determine if any additional archaeological investigations are required. The objectives of a Stage 1/2 investigation generally flow from principles outlined in the Ontario Heritage Act (Consolidated 2007) and the Standards and Guidelines for Consulting Archaeologists (2011). More specifically, studies were completed with the following objectives:
To provide information about the property‟s geography, history, previous archaeological fieldwork and current land condition;
To evaluate in detail the property‟s archaeological potential, which will support recommendations for Stage 2 survey for all or parts of the property;
To recommend appropriate strategies for Stage 2 survey; Address recommendations for Stage 2 assessment provided by the Stage 1 investigation of the property; and, Determine whether further work within the study area is required based on findings of the current investigation.
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75 LOT 14, CON 4 LOT 12, CON 5 65
LOT 14, CON 3 LOT 2, CON B
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65 70 70 ®65 LOT 12, CON 4 65 70
70 LOT 1, CON B
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LOT 9, CON 5 SITE BOUNDARY 65 LOT 10, CON 4
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75 LOT 8, CON 3 SITE 95 90 80 100 110 115 105 LOT 6, CON 4 105 85 85 LOT 9, CON 2 LOT 7, CON 3
110 LOT 8, CON 2 400 LOT 6, CON0 3 400 90 105 110 INSET100 MAP SCALE 1:20,000 METRES
NOTE REFERENCE THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE BASE DATA PROVIDED BY ESRI, 2011. PRODUCED BY GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. UNDER LICENCE WITH ACCOMPANYING GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. REPORT NO. THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES © QUEEN'S PRINTER FOR ONTARIO, 2011. 11-1126-0032/1000 PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18
DATE 04 Aug. 2011 TITLE DESIGN EW GIS KEY PLAN Ottawa, Ontario BR PROJECT No. 11-1126-0032 CHECK HJD PROJECT STAGE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, SCALE REV. REVIEW MORGAN'S CREEK, KANATA, MINTO COMMUNITIES INC. FIGURE 1 Path: N:\Active\2011\1126 - Environmental and Cultural Sciences\11-1126-0032 Stage 1 & 2_Morgans Creek_Minto\GeoGraphics\GIS\mxd\1111260032-01.mxd - Environmental and Sciences\11-1126-0032 Cultural Path: N:\Active\2011\1126 AS SHOWN 0 HJD ®
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SCALE 1:1,600 METRES CONTOUR LINE (5m) LOTS PROJECT ROAD SITEBOUNDARY STAGE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, MORGAN'S CREEK, KANATA, MINTO COMMUNITIES INC. WATERCOURSE TITLE REFERENCE NOTE SITE PLAN BASE DATA PROVIDED BY ESRI, 2011. BASE PLAN OF HOUSNG DEVELOPMENT THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PROVIDED BY MINTO COMMUNITIES INC. PRODUCED BY GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. ACCOMPANYING GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. REPORT NO. UNDER LICENCE WITH THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES © 11-1126-0032/1000 PROJECT No. 11-1126-0032 SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0.0 DESIGN EW 6 June 2011 QUEEN'S PRINTER FOR ONTARIO, 2011. GIS BR 4 Aug. 2011 PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: CHECK HJD 4 Aug. 2011 FIGURE 2 UTM ZONE 18 Ottawa, Ontario Path:- N:\Active\2011\1126 Environmental and Cultural Sciences\11-1126-0032 Stage 1 & 2_Morgans Creek_Minto\GeoGraphics\GIS\mxd\1111260032-02.mxd REVIEW HJD 4 Aug. 2011 STAGE 1 & 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT MORGAN'S CREEK SUBDIVISION
2.0 PROJECT CONTEXT 2.1 Development Context Golder Associated Ltd. (Golder) was contracted by Minto Communities Inc. (Minto) to undertake a stage 1/2 archaeological assessment upon Part Lot 10, Concession 4, March Township. Minto is intending to sever portions of the Lot for the purpose of constructing residential housing. This assessment forms part of the permitting requirements before any construction activities may commence.
The landowner (Minto) gave permission to access the entire site for the purpose of conducting all required archaeological fieldwork activities, including the recovery of artifacts. 2.2 Previous research One of the earliest historical accounts of March Township can be found in Belden‟s Illustrated Historical Atlas of Carleton County (1879). Two histories of the greater Ottawa area, which contain sections on March, are published in 1968: The Carleton Saga by Harry and Olive Walker and The Ottawa Country by Courtney Bond.
Literature concerning the pre-contact history of March Township is almost non-existent. Apart from passing references in works such as those noted above, there are a few general articles by Sowter (1900, 1901, 1909 and 1917), Kennedy‟s “Champlain Sea and Early Ottawa River Shoreline Studies, 1975” (Kennedy 1976) and Bruce Jamieson‟s An Inventory of the Prehistoric Archaeological Sites of Ottawa-Carleton (Jamieson 1989).
Virtually all of the archaeological work in the region has been undertaken as a result of Cultural Resource Management (CRM) studies. This includes the Regional Municipality of Ottawa Carleton‟s (RMOC) Archaeological Master Plan (ASI 1999) by Archaeological Services Inc. that provides an outline of the archaeological potential for the RMOC. Until recently archaeological investigations in the vicinity of the study area has been non-existent. A Stage 1 archaeological assessment was undertaken of Lots 14 and 15, Concession 11, Goulbourn Township by Heritage Quest Inc. (Earl 1999) and for the Hazeldean Road Corridor between Terry Fox Drive and the Old Carp Road (Daechsel 2000). Archaeological Services Inc. completed a Stage 1/2 archaeological investigation of the Iber-Abbott-Shea Road extension in Stittsville (Williamson1999). ASI was also involved in a similar study for the Highway 7 corridor from Carleton Place to the 417 (Williamson 1993).
Other studies in the region include a Stage 1 and 2 assessment of parts of Lots 17 and 18, Concession 1 in March Township by Adams Heritage. Heritage Quest Inc. conducted a Stage 1 investigation of the Communications Research Centre, National Defence Complex Shirley‟s Bay on part of Lots 4 and 5, Concession A, Ottawa Front, Nepean Township (Kennett 1998) and of the proposed National Archives of Canada Film Archive Building Site Lot 2, Concession A, Ottawa Front (Daechsel 1999).
Ken Swayze has undertaken a number of investigations in the area including Stage 1 and 2 assessments of a proposed subdivision on Lot 18, Concession 2 West Huntley (Swayze 1999a, 1999b) and proposed aggregate pit on Lot 12, Concession 4 (Swayze 2000a, 2000b). He also assessed the Consumer‟s Gas corridor between the City of Kanata and the town of Carp, West Carleton Township (Swayze 1996, 1997).
Other studies by Archaeological Services Inc. include a Stage 1 & 2 assessment of the Strandherd Stormwater Management Pond in the City of Nepean (MacDonald 1997a) and a Stage 1 investigation of the Jockvale Stormwater Facility and drainage area (MacDonald 1997b). Phillip Wright and Peter Engelbert (Wright and Engelbert 1981) investigated the site of the proposed Ministry of Natural Resources District Office at Carleton
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Place in Beckwith Township and Philip Gerrard (1984), CARF (1991) & (1996) conducted work at the nearby Pinhey Estate in Kanata.
Two corridors were assessed by Tom Ballentine near the study area: a proposed natural gas pipeline corridor from Shea Road to Richmond (Ballentine 1986) and the Fallowfield-Eagleson corridor (Ballentine 1985). Four years earlier he had documented several historic sites in Rideau Township including a lime kiln and a nineteenth century homestead (Ballentine 1981). Finally, Sue Jamieson excavated a lime kiln in the City of Nepean (Jamieson 1975) and Pat Sutherland examined the archaeological potential for the Nortel site, also in Nepean (Sutherland 1991).
Archaeological research work near the study area has been conducted by Clyde Kennedy at the Boomcamp-1 Site (Kennedy 1972; 1979) and by Hugh Daechsel at the Sawdust Bay-2 site, a Middle Woodland encampment on the Ottawa River in Fitzroy Township (Daechsel 1981). Gordon Watson has extensively surveyed the Constance Bay area, locating several Woodland sites (Watson 1972; 1976).
More recent CRM studies include Stage 1 and 2 investigations on a property on Lots 19 and 18, Concession 1 March Township (Wright 2005). Closer to the study area Stage 1 to 3 assessments have been conducted on a property in Stittsville on Lot 24, Concession 12, Goulbourn Township. During this investigation prehistoric artifacts with a possible affiliation to the Late Paleo-Indian/Early Archaic Periods have been discovered (Swayze 2003). Further prehistoric discoveries have been made during an archaeological inventory of Fitzroy Harbour Provincial Park as well as on the site of the Central Canada Exhibition on Albion Road, City of Ottawa (personal communication Ken Swayze and Ian Badgley 2004). The study area was assessed at a coarse level by the large East-West LRT Stage 1 (Earl 2005) while Stage 1, 2, and 3 assessments have taken place in conjunction with Terry Fox Drive to the south (Stewart 2003, 2009, Golder 2010a,b,c,d).
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3.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 3.1 Pre-contact The present understanding of the sequence of human activity in the Ottawa area following the recession of the last ice sheet and the Champlain Sea is very incomplete. It is possible, however, to provide a general outline of prehistoric occupation based on archaeological investigations in south-eastern Ontario.
Human occupation of southern Ontario dates back approximately 10,000 years. These first peoples, referred to by archaeologists as Paleo-Indians, moved into Ontario as the last of the glaciers retreated northward. Paleo- Indian sites and find spots have been located in south-western Ontario along the strand lines of glacial Lake Algonquin (in the area that is now southern Georgian Bay), and along the north shore of Lake Ontario. Little is known of their lifestyle, though surviving evidence suggests that they were highly mobile hunters and gatherers, relying on caribou, small game and wild plants for subsistence.
The Ottawa area remained very much on the fringe of occupation at this time: the ridges and old shorelines of the Champlain Sea and the Ottawa River would be the most likely places to find traces of Paleo-Indian remains. The study area might have also emerged from the Champlain Sea during the Late Paleo-Indian Period as it was probably the case for the Stittsville site (see previous section 3.2 Previous Research).
During the succeeding Archaic Period (c. 7000 to 1000 B.C.) the environment of southern Ontario approached modern conditions. While Archaic groups continued as hunter-gatherers, their tool kit became more diversified. Ground stone tools such as adzes and gouges first appeared, reflecting the construction of dug-out canoes or other heavy woodworking activities. By the middle to late Archaic Period, extensive trade networks had developed, introducing among other things copper from the north shore of Lake Superior into the Ottawa area.
The first real occupation within the Ottawa area likely occurred during the Archaic Period. Archaic sites have been found on Allumette Island and Morrison's Island, approximately 100 kilometres up the Ottawa River from Ottawa, and to the south both at Brockville and along the north shore of Lake Ontario. Late Archaic sites have been found in the Rideau Lakes, in Renfrew and Pontiac Counties and along the South Nation River at Jessup's Falls. Archaeological investigations at Leamy Lake, at the mouth of the Gatineau River, has provided evidence of Archaic populations in the vicinity of the study area.
The Woodland Period (c.1000 B.C. to A.D. 1550) was characterized by the introduction of ceramics. The extensive trade networks continued to grow through the early part of the period, reaching their peak by A.D. 200, when they covered most of North America.
Around A.D. 800 domesticated plants were introduced to the area - corn, beans and squash being the main crops. This shift in subsistence strategy also led to the development of semi-permanent and permanent villages, many of which were surrounded by palisades.
While there is clear evidence of these developments in much of southern Ontario, the Ottawa Valley seems to have remained largely an area of mobile hunters and gatherers. At the end of the Woodland Period there appears to have been increased pressure on hunting territories and conflict over trade routes. Hostilities with the Iroquois tribes of the now western New York State area caused the Huron to move from the north shore of Lake Ontario to the south shore of Georgian Bay. As a result, occupation in the Ottawa area seems to have been limited to travel along the rivers by Huron groups and some hunting and gathering by local Algonquin populations.
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Prehistoric sites have been identified at the Chaudière Falls and an ossuary burial was unearthed along the north shore of the Ottawa River in the 1840s. Prehistoric artifacts have also been recovered during Canadian Parks Service investigations of the Rideau Canal, as well as in previous archaeological assessments undertaken on Parliament Hill by the Cataraqui Archaeological Research Foundation and Heritage Quest Inc. 3.2 European Contact and Initial Settlement in the Ottawa Area Étienne Brûlé is reported to have been the first European to pass through what is now the Ottawa area. He portaged at the Rideau Falls in 1610; Champlain followed in 1613. The Ottawa River served as a major route for explorers, traders and missionaries throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. A series of trading posts and forts were constructed by the French along the river in the early eighteenth century. A seigneury was established at L'Orignal, east of the study area, and granted to Francois Prevost in 1674. The settlement, never active during the French Period, was purchased by Nathaniel Hazard Treadwell in 1796.
The French documented three Algonquin groups residing in the vicinity of the region (Heidenreich & Wright, 1987). These included the Matouweskarini along the Madawaska River, the Onontchataronon in the Gananoque River Basin, and the Weskarini, the largest of the three, situated on the Petite Nation River Basin. It is likely that prolonged occupation in the Ottawa area was avoided at this time because of hostilities with Iroquoian speaking populations to the south, although it is expected that at least the northern reaches of the South Nation River Basin were used as hunting territories by these groups.
Settlement in the Ottawa area was not actively encouraged by the colonial government until the late eighteenth century; in 1793 John Stegman, the deputy surveyor for Upper Canada, established four townships straddling the Rideau River. What was to become the centre of modern Ottawa evolved on the street plan surveyed by Stegman on the Ottawa River front of Nepean Township (Bond, 1984:23-24).
Commonly acknowledged as the first permanent European resident in the area, Philemon Wright settled in Hull Township with five families and 33 men in 1800 (Bond, 1984: 24). The community grew over the next few years along the north shore of the Ottawa River; by 1805 Wright had begun significant lumbering activity in the area. Settlement of the south shore was very slow through the early nineteenth century. In 1809 another American, Jehiel Collins, erected a store at what was to become known as Bellows and later Richmond Landing. The first settler in the area was Ira Honeywell, who, in 1810, constructed a cabin west of the Chaudière Rapids (Bond, 1984: 26). Another early settler was Braddish Billings, who established a small cabin in Gloucester Township in 1812. Billings went into the lumbering business with Philemon Wright and developed his homestead site into a large family estate along the banks of the Rideau River.
The construction of the Rideau Canal (1827 - 1832) provided the new settlement of Bytown with its first major growth in population. This resulted in the development of two areas: Lower Bytown to the east of the Canal, populated by French Canadian and Irish labourers and merchants, and Upper Bytown to the west with a predominantly white Anglo-Saxon Protestant population. Bytown was incorporated as the City of Ottawa on January 1, 1855, with a population of 10,000. The selection of Ottawa as the Capital of Canada in 1857 was the major catalyst in the subsequent development of the City.
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3.2.1 March Township March Township was officially surveyed in 1820, though settlers arrived the previous year. At this time March was part of the District of Johnstown, then in 1822 it was in the District of Bathurst, and it joined Carleton County in the 1840s. The Township is bounded by the Ottawa River and Nepean Township on the northeast, by Goulbourn Township on the southeast, by Huntley (West Carleton) Township on the southwest, and by Torbolton Township on the northwest.
As mentioned, March Township was initially settled in 1819 and predominantly by retired officers of the Napoleonic wars. Free land grants in Upper Canada were offered to veterans as a reward for their loyal service, and the amount of land given to these soldiers was proportional to their military rank. Thus colonels could get a substantial plot of land, being as much as 1600 acres, whereas privates would fetch a half lot consisting of 100 acres (Burns et al. 1972: 95). Settlers were also given a starter tool kit consisting of various necessary implements and supplies needed to settle including axes, shovels and nails, as well as a blanket, kettle and panes of glass. Additionally, each soldier was offered a year‟s rations (Belden 1879). Several distinguished English officers chose to settle in March and selected plots adjacent the river. Among them were Captains Landell, John B. Monk, Benjamin Street, Weatherby, Cox and Stephens, General Arthur Lloyd and Lieutenant Thomas Reid (Belden 1879; Walker and Walker 1968; Burns et al. 1972).
Joining these gentlemen on the river was Hamnett Kirkes Pinhey, an ex-merchant from Plymouth, England. A civilian, Pinhey won distinction during the Napoleonic wars by getting messages through the French blockade, an honour that later earned him 1000 acres in March Township (Burns et al. 1972: 12). He settled on Lot 23 of Concessions 6 and 7 with his wife, Mary Ann, in 1820. Pinhey had considerable wealth and used it to build an estate that suited his needs as well as the needs of the community. He financed construction of the first church, St. Mary‟s, built on his land between 1824 and 1826, as well as a saw mill and grist mill (Walker and Walker 1968: 258, 243; Belden 1879). Pinhey‟s estate, known as Horaceville after his son, was the centre of the community, and Pinhey himself took on the natural role as a community leader, and later became Reeve between 1850 and 1855 (Bond 1984: 30; Walker and Walker 1968: 265).
While English officers settled on the picturesque lands of the river bank, the first four concessions at the west end of the township were settled by Irish farmers, tradesmen and lower ranking veterans. As it turned out, some of these settlers ended up with the best arable land in the township, whereas the soil closer to the river was deceptively shallow (Burns et al. 1972: 7, 36). Belden (1879) observed that March was the poorest township in Carleton County in terms of soil. More settlers arrived in the early 1820s, taking advantage of the land grants. The first census of March Township, taken in 1823, recorded 49 families with a population of over 200 inhabitants (Walker and Walker 1968: 265, 254). Even after the land grants were discontinued in 1824, settlers continued to arrive. By mid-century the population blossomed to 1,125 inhabitants including blacksmiths, cobblers, carpenters, tailors, inkeepers and merchants (Bond 1968: 23; Burns et al. 1972: 49).
The summer of 1870 was a particularly dry one and a fire that started in neighbouring Huntley swept through March Township. Crops, homes and livestock were burned, and a few casualties were mourned, though most settlers were able to take refuge at the river or in wells. This was one of many country fires to sweep through Carleton County that summer. The fire brought changes to the agricultural landscape such as clearing the land of trees and losing soil from erosion, which also changed the drainage system, and turning swamps into fields because they had dried out (Burns et al. 1972: 72).
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3.2.2 Property History Lot 10, Concession 4 was initially surveyed as a Clergy Reserve in the Township of March (Elliott, 1985:3). It was not, however, the property of the Church of England from the beginning, but rather one of seven lots that were set aside in each township for the profit of the Church. Similar to the Crown Lands of Upper Canada, occupiers could lease and eventually purchase the properties and the money went to the Clergy Reserve land.
Between 1832 and 1834, Hamnett Pinhey and Lieutenant-General Arthur Lloyd applied for Lot 10, Concession 4 as the site for an inland church, where now St. John‟s Church stands immediately adjacent the study area (Elliott, 1986: 4). The decision to build the church at this location was due to a number of reasons. Most likely, Pinhey and Lloyd chose Lot 10 because of its location at the junction of two major roads at the time, Fourth Concession line with March Road which lead to Bytown (Ottawa). The Hamlet of South March was beginning to be developed with the establishment of the store of William N. Gardiner who had purchased Lot 1, Concession 4 in December 1832. The property selected for the church was also a Clergy Reserve and had not yet been sold. As such, it could be secured easily from the government for church purposes.
However, two squatters by the names of John Armstrong and Ringrose Woods, were found occupying the site by Pinhey and Lloyd. The men had also applied to purchase the land but were obstructed by doing so by Pinhey‟s application. The men were described by Pinhey as “extremely poor men with young families who were greatly distressed by the difficulty” (Elliott 1985: 4).
Elliott‟s history of St. John‟s Church and property indicates that Armstrong and Woods were not the first settlers on the Lot (Elliott, 1985: 4). Records suggest that an unidentified squatter had been in occupation of the site by 1830. At that time, Captain George T. Burke, formerly the Superintendent of the Richmond Military Settlement, had written to the Crown Lands Department that there was “some claim to the north half of the lot, but that the south half was unimproved”. Burkes was writing in favour of Woods, a former Sergeant of the 17th Light Dragoons, and recommended that Woods occupy the south half in expectation of government action on the matter. Rather than remain on the property, the unnamed squatter disposed of his improvements for £25 to one of the founders of Aylmer, Quebec, Charles Symmes.
Around this time too, Woods applied to the Rector of the Clergy Reserve property, Rev. Ralph Leeming (Rector 1830-31) to lease the property. He was directed to Pinhey, who was the local Clergy Reserve agent. Both Symmes and Woods decided to buy the entire Lot which resulted in conflict. Pinhey was appointed arbitrator by the Lands Department in order to make a decision on who should acquire the Lot. He suggested that Symmes and Woods accept 100 acres “as the readiest way of closing a dispute that was becoming very violent” (Elliott, 1985:5). Symmes was against the negotiation entirely. At this point, John Armstrong, an immigrant settler from County Cavan Ireland, entered into independent negotiations with Symmes and around 1832 bought his interest for £40.
During the time of negotiations between the squatters, Rev. Padfield, Leeming‟s successor, had applied to the Bishop asking that Lot 10 be set aside for a church, unaware of the land conflicts. Pinhey had therefore provided a compromise: Woods and Armstrong would be recognized as purchasers of the Lot at 10 shillings per acre and they would “assign over to our Bishop and Church Wardens...Five acres each of them, and should be paid by us the same price per acre that they paid the Government” (Elliott, 1985:5). Armstrong and Woods agreed, and on March 10, 1839 each sold five adjoining acres at the centre line of Lot 10, Concession 4 to General Lloyd for $10 each as recorded in the Anglican Diocese of Ottawa Archives (Elliott, 1985:15).
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Preparations for the construction of St. John‟s Church and rectory started January 30, 1839. The Bytown Gazette from 1839 indicated that the corner of the Episcopal Church was laid by the Lady of the Hon. Gen. A. Lloyd (Elliott, 1985:5). The same day the corner stone of a Parsonage House, called Eisdale Rectory, adjoining the Church, was laid by the same party.
Although construction of St. John‟s Church had already started, title of the land had still not passed from the Crown because neither Armstrong nor Woods had finished paying for their property. John Armstrong managed to settle matters and based on land registry records, acquired the Crown Patent for the north half of Lot 10, Concession 4 on April 23, 1846. Armstrong confirmed this by officially selling the 5 acres of land agreed upon in 1839 to the Bishop of Toronto on May 5, 1846 (Instrument RO3622). According to Elliott, this was also the time when Armstrong reserved a public roadway no less than twenty feet wide from the fourth concession line (now Klondike Road) to the Church which would be the beginning of the Old Carp Road (presently Sandhill Road) (Elliott 1985: 6) as illustrated on both the 1863 Walling and 1879 Walling maps (Figure 4).
Ringrose Woods died on July 6, 1844 before he was able to finish paying off the south half of the Lot. Fortunately for Woods‟ family, Pinhey offered to the Crown Lands Office that he would pay the remaining fees in order to secure the issue of deed on behalf of the Woods (Elliott, 1985:6). After difficult negotiations, the land registry abstract indicates that on April 11, 1849, Ringrose Woods was sold the Patent for the south 100 acres of Lot 10. The following year, Woods‟ widow Anne and their son William sold the remaining 95 acres of the south half of the Lot to John Riddle in 1850 (Inst. RO4567). Both the 1851 and 1861 census records list Anne Woods as living with the Riddle family which consisted of Oliver Riddle (36 year old farmer from Ireland), his wife Elizabeth (36 years) born in March Township and their 6 children; Samuel (11 years), Maria (8 years) Sarah (6 years), Anabella (4 years), Elizabeth (2 years) and Mary Jane (1 year) (NALC NMC C-11716 and C-1013). Their family home was located south of the study area along the Old Carp Road based from the Walling and Belden maps (Figure 4).
Between the time John Armstrong officially purchased the north 95 acres of Lot 10 in 1846 and the 1851 census, his wife Rebecca passed away leaving John widowed with his six sons and three daughters; James (26 years), John (24 years), Thomas (22 years), Joseph (20 years), Samuel (17), Robert (15 years), Mary (12 years), Margaret (10 years) and Rebecca (8 years). John was listed as a 61 year old farmer living in a 1 storey stone house and his sons were employed as labourers. The Armstrong family home may have been located at the western corner of the property at the junction of March Road and Fourth Concession, however it is not quite clear in the 1863 Walling map (Figure 4).
John soon divided his 95 acres in half to his two eldest sons James and John. In 1854, James purchased the north 50 acres of Lot 10 and built a log home at its center, west of Old Carp Road (Figure 4: Belden map). The 1871 census provides details regarding James‟ family and property which indicates that he was a 40 year old farmer living with his wife Ann (37 years) and children; John (13 years), Rebecca (11 years), George (8 years), Henry (5 years) and Clara (2 years) (NALC NMC C-10016). They had cleared 50 acres out of the 70 acres they acquired including a portion of Lot 10, Concession 5. Along with their house, there was a fanning mill, 2 barns/stables, 1 plough and 2 carts/wagons on the property. The farm produced a large portion of wheat (2 acres), potatoes (1 acre) and hay (80 acres) and their livestock included 2 horses, 4 milk cows, 4 other cattle and 5 pigs.
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John Armstrong Jr. was sold the remaining 45 acres of land by his father John in 1870 (Inst. MH83). The 1871 census record indicates that John lived alone on the property at age 43 years. He owned a total 100 acres which included the neighbouring lot and 50 acres were improved. Twelve acres of the land was used for hay while 15 acres were used for pasture. The property contained a house with 2 barns/stables, 2 carts/wagons, 1 plough, 1 horse rake, 1 fanning mill, 2 horses, 2 colts and 1 cow. By 1881, John hired James Mead from England (20 years) and Mary Jane Conners (15 years) as servants to help with the farm (NALC NMC C-13231).
The location of John Armstrong Jr.‟s house is clearly marked on various maps and photographs starting from the 1870s to the 1950s within the subject study area (Figure 4: Belden map); (Figure 6,1934-1983). Both the 1879 Belden map and 1906 topography map (Figure 5) places the house west of the Old Carp Road (now Sandhill Road). Based from the 1934, 1945 and 1952 aerial photographs, the house was specifically located on the rise between Shirley‟s Creek to the west and the pond to the east along with what appears to be a barn. It is likely that John Armstrong lived on the property until he died sometime around 1924 when the land was willed to Amanda A. Armstrong (Inst. GR73694R). The property then remained in the Armstrong family well into the twentieth century, although possibly unoccupied considering the barn no longer appears on the 1945 aerial photograph. Finally, the house was removed from the property sometime in the late 1950s or early 1960s (Figure 5) 3.2.3 St. John’s Cemetery The cemetery of St. Johns Church directly abuts the north east corner of the study area. As such a detailed investigation is required into the growth and use of the burial ground in order to assess the potential for unmarked graves within the study area and the subsequent disruption of human remains.
The 10 acres of land allotted to St. John‟s Parish not only included the construction of the Church and rectory in 1840 but the establishment of a cemetery directly east (in front) and northeast (to the side) of St. John‟s Church. The first internment of a person who is still buried in the cemetery was that of Jane Gainford on August 23, 1839. Jane was 25 when she died and the daughter of John and Dorothy Gainford who emigrated from Cumberland England (Elliott 1985: 9).
Starting in the 1870s, the Church faced issues regarding the demand of non-Anglican residents to be buried in the St. John‟s churchyard. Reverend William Fleming refused any requests of local Methodists and Presbyterians from 1881 onwards to bury in family plots purchased earlier in consecrated Anglican ground. He also would not officiate at the burials of non-parishioners and forbade Methodist clergy from officiating in the churchyard (Elliott, 1985: 11).
As a result of the Church‟s inability to allow non-Anglican‟s to bury their family members in the churchyard, Church records and accounts state that Methodists began to bury their dead just beyond the north fence line of the cemetery which at that time was in the neighbouring Armstrong‟s property (Elliott, 1985:11). William Boucher, a South March hotel keeper, a former lumberman and a nephew of Ringrose Woods was the first to cause major controversy when he was refused burial in the cemetery and therefore was buried outside along the north fence line in 1886. The Ottawa Journal states that it was one of the largest funerals in the County and the issue gained public attention. It was not until 1894 that the resolutions of 1881 forbidding the sale of plots to non-residents were rescinded.
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Non-Anglicans continued to bury their dead along the north side of the fence line and soon the one line of plots that were laid out grew to three. This area thereafter operated as a separate burying ground and was marked by a fence in the early twentieth century, though a gate was erected between the two cemeteries in 1915. The ground became to be known as the Union Cemetery and legally remained a part of the Armstrong property, passing with it to the Richardson family. Figure 6 illustrates the history of the cemetery with the original churchyard owned by the Anglican Church highlighted in blue and the additional area known as the Union Cemetery highlighted in green.
The cemetery was extended even further north and southwest when Robert Richardson in 1928 gave to the Rectors and Wardens of St. John‟s Church the area then known as the Union Cemetery, and an additional piece of ground twice as large, doubling the size of the original older graveyard collectively (Elliott 1985: 12-14). This new area is displayed in yellow on Figure 6 and is the piece of property which runs southeast outside of the subject study area. New lots were laid out in the portion of the donation beyond the former Union Cemetery and in 1929 a vault was built. This new section of the burial ground was used by both Anglican and non- Anglican groups based on the burial register of St. John‟s Church, however remained a non-denominational burying ground.
Although no regular survey was adhered to in early graveyards and unmarked graves are historically common, it is highly unlikely that people were buried outside the 1928 addition to the St. John‟s Cemetery and ultimately within the study area. Starting in the 1860s, the urban burying grounds of Ontario enforced efforts to regulate the layout and administration of the churchyard due to unsanitary concerns (Elliott 1985: 9). For example, in 1867 vestry noted that it was the duty of the Church to erect a fence line around the churchyard and appointed a committee to collect funds for that purpose. It wasn‟t until 1881 that conflict between the Anglicans and non- Anglicans arisen causing people to bury outside the cemetery limits. By this time, a set standard for marking the burials and providing a fence had to be in place. The 1928 addition to the cemetery would have also encompassed any outlying burials well beyond the limits of the original cemetery. It is therefore believed that the chances of discovering human remains within the study area are highly doubtful.
August 2011 Report No. 11-1126-0032 12
SOIL SURVEY MAP ® PHYSIOGRAPHY MAP ®®
800 0 800 800 0 800
SCALE:1:25,000 METRES SCALE: 1:25,000 METRES
LEGEND REFERENCE PROJECT STAGE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, SOIL SURVEY MAP - SITE BOUNDARY PHYSIOGRAPHY MAP - MORGAN'S CREEK, KANATA, MINTO COMMUNITIES INC. PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18 TITLE SOIL SURVEY AND NOTE PHYSIOGRAPHY MAPS THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING PROJECT No. 11-1126-0032 SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0.0 GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. REPORT NO. 11-1126-0032/1000 DESIGN EW 6 June 2011 GIS BR 6 Aug. 2011 CHECK HJD 6 Aug. 2011 FIGURE 3 Ottawa, Ontario
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500 0 500 500 0 500
SCALE: 1:15,000 METRES SCALE: 1:15,000 METRES
LEGEND REFERENCE
HISTORICAL MAPS: SITE BOUNDARY 1863 WALLING MAP - 1863 WALLING MAP-NMC-43061-1; PROJECT 1879 BELDEN MAP - 1879 BELDEN MAP STAGE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18 MORGAN'S CREEK, KANATA, MINTO COMMUNITIES INC.
TITLE NOTE HISTORIC MAPS THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. REPORT NO. 11-1126-0032/1000 PROJECT No. 11-1126-0032 SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0.0 DESIGN EW 6 June 2011 GIS BR 6 Aug. 2011 CHECK HJD 6 Aug. 2011 FIGURE 4 Ottawa, Ontario
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SITE BOUNDARY
500 0 500
SCALE 1:25,000 METRES
NOTE REFERENCE THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE 1906 TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP - NMC-18372. ACCOMPANYING GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. REPORT NO. PROJECTION: TRANSVERSE MERCATOR DATUM: NAD 83 COORDINATE SYSTEM: UTM ZONE 18 11-1126-0032/1000
DATE 6 Aug. 2011 TITLE DESIGN EW GIS 1906 TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP Ottawa, Ontario BR PROJECT No. 11-1126-0032 CHECK HJD PROJECT STAGE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, SCALE REV. REVIEW HJD MORGAN'S CREEK, KANATA, MINTO COMMUNITIES INC. FIGURE 5 Path: N:\Active\2011\1126 - Environmental and Cultural Sciences\11-1126-0032 Stage 1 & 2_Morgans Creek_Minto\GeoGraphics\GIS\mxd\1111260032-05.mxd - Environmental and Sciences\11-1126-0032 Cultural Path: N:\Active\2011\1126 AS SHOWN 0 1934 ® 1945 ® 1952 ®
125 0 125 125 0 125 125 0 125
METERS METERS METERS 1963 ® 1970 ® 1983 ®
125 0 125 125 0 125 125 0 125
METERS METERS METERS
LEGEND PROJECT SITE BOUNDARY STAGE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, MORGAN'S CREEK, KANATA, MINTO COMMUNITIES INC. TITLE REFERENCE NOTES AERIAL PHOTOS: THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING GOLDER AERIAL PHOTOS 1934-A4698-34 SCALE 1:6000 ASSOCIATES LTD. REPORT NO. 11-1126-0032/1000 1945-A9556-41 SCALE 1:5000 1952-A13380-52 SCALE 1:5000 PROJECT No. 11-1126-0032 SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0.0 DESIGN EW 17 June 2011 1963-A18001-91 SCALE 1:2000 GIS BR 6 Aug. 2011 1970-A22560-19 SCALE 1:5000 CHECK HJD 6 Aug. 2011 FIGURE 6 1983-A26233-270 SCALE 1:6000 Ottawa, Ontario 6 Aug. 2011 Path: N:\Active\2011\1126 - Environmental and Cultural Sciences\11-1126-0032 Stage & 2_Morgans 1 Creek_Minto\GeoGraphics\GIS\mxd\1111260032-06.mxd - Environmental Sciences\11-1126-0032 Cultural and Path: N:\Active\2011\1126 REVIEW HJD ®
SANDHILL RD
LEGEND 25 0 25 SITEBOUNDARY STUDY AREA 1840 - ST. JOHN'S ANGLICAN CHURCH YARD SCALE 1:750 METRES 1881 - UNION CEMETERY PROJECT 1928 - EXPANSION OF CEMETERY STAGE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL SANDHILL RD
MARCH RD MARCH MORGAN'S CREEK, KANATA, MINTO COMMUNITIES INC. ROAD TITLE LOTS MERSEY DR ST. JOHN'S CHURCH INVERARY DR BILLINGHAM CRES CEMETERY EVOLUTION REFERENCE NOTES: PROJECT No.11-1126-0032 SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0.0 DESIGN BL July 2011 Base Data - GOOGLE EARTH PRO , 2010 THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING GOLDER GIS BR 4 Aug. 2011 Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: NAD 83 Coordinate System: UTM Zone 18 ASSOCIATES LTD. REPORT NO. 11-1126-0032/1000 CHECK HJD 4 Aug. 2011 FIGURE 7 Ottawa, Ontario
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4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT 4.1.1 Built Heritage There are no built heritage structures in the study area that will be affected by the proposed development. 4.1.2 Archaeological Sites There are no identified archaeological sites on the property. A search of the Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture archaeological site database (Von Bitter 2011) indicated that the one registered site in March Township is located within a 1 km radius of the study area. This is BiFx-5 (South March Lime Kiln), a nineteenth century site located on the edge of a sandstone ridge at the east end of Lot 11, Concession 3, March Township. 4.1.3 Property Inspection A property inspection was carried out on June 10, 2011. The inspection covered the entire study area and was conducted in sunny weather, with temperatures at 22 degrees. The small creek dividing the study areas and low lying waterlogged ground were noted, as was the those areas suitable for ploughing making up the majority of the study area, though small patches of mature bush and trees would have to be test pitted. The wetland to the north of the study area was deemed unsuitable for testing due to water logging and the short slope leading up to the cemetery in the north east corner was likewise unsuitable due to the steepness of the gradient (Figure 9).
The study area is currently abandoned pasture and slopes down from the south to form a gentle valley containing a creek before rising up to the north. The locations from which the photographs within this report were taken are represented on Figure 10.
Plate 1: Over view of Northeast corner of study area- hedge demarcates cemetery boundary. Looking southwest (1111260032-D001).
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Plate 2: Boundary hedge between cemetery and study area. Taken from Sandhill Road, looking Southwest (1111260032-D041).
Plate 3: Study area looking northeast from photo location 27 (1111260032-D027).
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Plate 4: Study area looking southwest from photo location 18 (1111260032-D018).
Plate 5: Steep bank unsuitable for testing is visible in far right of photograph; taken at photo location 14 (1111260032-D014).
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Plate 6: View down into wetland (un-testable), cemetery and slope visible in background. Photo taken from location 13 (1111260032-D013). 4.2 Study Area Environment The study area lies just within the Ottawa Valley Clay Plain physiographic region (Chapman & Putnam 1966: 353). This region consists of Ordovician limestone bedrock overlaid by marine sediments from the Champlain Sea with subsequent modification by the higher waters of the early Ottawa River channels. South of the study area lies the edge of the Pre-Cambrian (Canadian Shield) outliers; this ridge of higher bedrock overlooks the north side of the Carp Valley which is itself formed by the Hazeldean Fault (Chapman & Putnam 1966: 8-11).
The northern half of the study area is located upon soils belonging to the Uplands Sand series, while the southern half is comprised of Rideau Clay (Figure 3). This split is in essence demarcated by the existence of an escarpment of unconsolidated material, with the Uplands series consisting of the remains of a sand bar formed within a now abandoned channel of the Paleo-Ottawa River; a southern branch of which at one time covered the study area.
The study area lies within the Upper St. Lawrence sub-region of the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Forest Region (Rowe 1977). The trees characterizing this sub-region include sugar maple, beech, red maple, yellow birch, basswood, white ash, large-tooth aspen, red oak and burr oak. Coniferous species include eastern hemlock, eastern white pine, white spruce and balsam fir. Poorly drained areas typically contain swamp adapted hardwoods, black spruce or white cedar (Rowe 1977: 94).
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The entire study area is within the watershed of the Ottawa River and is drained directly by Shirley‟s Brook, this bisects the two portions of the study area before flowing north to empty into the Ottawa River, below Innis Point, at Shirley‟s Bay. A low section of ground in the northern end of the study area appears to be permanently waterlogged to varying degrees as can be seen on air photography of the area (Figure 6).
At a coarse resolution the study area possesses severe limitations to waterfowl (Arsenault & Johnston 1970). It should be noted that the delta formed by the flow of Shirley‟s Brook into the Ottawa River, 2.7 km to the north, serves as an important waterfowl migratory stop. The study area possesses only slight limitations to the production of Ungulates, chiefly deer (Brassard & Bouchard 1971). These factors are important when considering the pre-contact potential of the study area and its ability to support human populations. 4.2.1 Archaeological Potential A number of factors are employed in determining archaeological site potential. Criteria for prehistoric or pre- contact archaeological sites are focused on physiographic variables that include distance from the nearest source of water, the nature of the nearest source/body of water, distinguishing features in the landscape (e. g. ridges, knolls, eskers, wetlands), and the types of soils found within the area of assessment. Also considered in determining archaeological potential are known archaeological sites within or in the vicinity of the study area. Historic research provides the basis for determining historic archaeological site potential. Land registry records, assessment roles, census, historic maps and aerial photographic evidence and a site inspection of the study area all assist in determining historic archaeological potential.
The Archaeological Master Plan of the Regional Municipality of Ottawa Carleton (ASI 1999) has identified these and other criteria in their mapping of archaeological potential for the region. Areas which are considered to have prehistoric site potential and therefore require testing include lands within 200 metres of “one-line” streams and lands within 300 metres of “two-line” streams (as drawn on 1:50,000 topographic maps). Historic potential has been derived from the association with historic transportation corridors, such as the Ottawa River.
Based on these criteria, the entire study area was determined to have archaeological potential (Figure 8), although the low-lying wetland and steep slope should be exempt from stage 2 assessment.
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®
SANDHILL RD
LOT 10, CON 3 LOT 10, CON 4
WESTMORELAND AVE
MERSEY DR MERSEY MARCH RD MARCH
LEGEND 50 0 50 ROAD WATERCOURSE SCALE 1:1,500 METRES ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL SITEBOUNDARY PROJECT LOTS STAGE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, MORGAN'S CREEK, KANATA, MINTO COMMUNITIES INC.
TITLE ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL
REFERENCE NOTES: PROJECT No.11-1126-0032 SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0.0 2009 CANMAP DATA - USED BY GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD. UNDER LICENCE WITH THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES © THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING GOLDER DESIGN BL July 2011 QUEEN'S PRINTER FOR ONTARIO, 2011. ASSOCIATES LTD. REPORT NO. 11-1126-0032/1000 GIS BR 6 Aug. 2011 Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: NAD 83 Coordinate System: UTM Zone 18 CHECK HJD 6 Aug. 2011 FIGURE 8 Ottawa, Ontario
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4.3 Methodology 4.3.1 Stage 2 Field Work The Stage 2 investigation was conducted on July 12, 2011. The weather conditions for this assessment were cloudy and humid, with an average temperature of 29 degrees.
The Ministry of Tourism and Cultures‟ Standards and Guidelines (2011) require that pedestrian survey be conducted in all areas where ploughing is feasible. 90% of the study area was ploughed, disked and allowed to weather in accordance to Ministry standards. This was then walked at 5 m intervals, with the intensification of intervals to 1 m upon discovery of an artifact. All artifact locations were recorded with a Garmin 62 handheld GPS, and artifacts were bagged, labelled and recovered for conservation and analysis unless otherwise noted. Surface visibility was above the 80% required by Ministry standards.
In areas where pedestrian survey was not possible, test pit surveying was conducted. This consisted of the hand excavation of test pits at 5 m intervals, with the backdirt screened through 6 mm mesh, and the test pit backfilled upon completion. Where artifacts or features of archaeological interest were identified, the test pit interval was intensified to 2.5 m around positive pits. GPS coordinates were taken of all positive test pits/ find locations and are displayed spatially in Figure 9. A photographic catalogue of the investigation has been produced and is included as Appendix A.
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ROAD ® CEMETERY KINGHORN CRES 4 1 1
4 KLONDIKE RD
5 5 9 1 8 2 3 4 5 1 1 5 5 33 5 3 A 5 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 22 1 1 1 2 1 1 B 1 SANDHILL RD 1 5 5 1 1 1 WEATHERSTON ST
1 6 4 1 KINROSS PVT 3 2 MARCH RD
OTTAWA RIVER 1 1 1 SITE
BILLINGHAM CRES MERSEY DR
KINROSS DR
INVERARY DR
LEGEND 50 0 50 1 ARTIFACT LOCATION AND AMOUNT SCALE 1:2,000 METRES ROAD PROJECT WATERCOURSE STAGE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, SLOPE (NOT TESTABLE) MORGAN'S CREEK, KANATA, MINTO COMMUNITIES INC. STUDY AREA TITLE POSSIBLE SEPTIC BED REFERENCE Base Data - GOOGLE EARTH PRO , 2010 TEST PIT AREAS Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: NAD 83 Coordinate System: UTM Zone 18 KEY PLAN PEDESTRIAN SURVEY AREA PROJECT No.11-1126-0032 SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0.0 GRAVEL ROAD (NOT TESTABLE) NOTES: DESIGN BL July 2011 WETLAND (NOT TESTABLE) THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING GOLDER GIS BR 6 Aug. 2011 ASSOCIATES LTD. REPORT NO. 11-1126-0032/1000 CHECK HJD 6 Aug. 2011 FIGURE 9 Ottawa, Ontario
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4.3.2 Results Field walking of the smaller southern portion of the study area produce 3 artifacts which included 2 fragments of pane glass and one fragment of clear moulded glass. The artifacts were not clustered, instead being scattered throughout the field.
Field walking the small northern section of the study area, adjacent to the cemetery produced 6 artifacts including a wire nail, a piece of melted aqua glass and 4 fragments of a clear moulded glass bottle. The boundary hedge marking the edge of the cemetery respects the edge of the steep slope leading down into the study area, therefore; test pits were not able to be placed up against the cemetery boundary. The slope itself ensures that interment in this area is unfeasible.
Field walking and test pitting of the remaining portion of the northern study area produced a total of 228 artifacts. These were scattered between the creek and the wetland, with the highest concentration in the northwest potion of the field (Figure 9).
Along the northwest border of the study area a cement foundation was noted (Plate 7). The visible remains of this foundation consisted two walls at a right angle, one that ran parallel to the edge of the field that measured 1.45 m in length and a second wall, perpendicular to the edge of the field, which measured 1.57 m. A void was noted below the soil where a portion of the foundation wall may have collapsed; this indicated that a ceiling to the foundation was present below the soil. Due to concerns of the ceiling collapsing no additional digging was done here to confirm this; however the area had been ploughed and had over 95% visibility. Debris surrounding this foundation included large amounts of gravel (Plate 8), fragments of a thick ceramic pipe and a modern plastic pipe running from the foundation towards the southwest. This may have been part of a septic tank and bed.
Plate 7: Possible septic tank foundation at the northwest edge of the field (1111260032-D048).
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Plate 8: Area of gravel adjacent to the cement foundation, facing northeast (1211260032-D051).
Two circular areas of the central field were not ploughed due to large amounts of debris and cut stone. The first of these unploughed circles, labelled „area A‟ in Figure 9, consisted of large amounts of artifacts including household items and structural materials. A representative sample of the surface artifacts were collected for analysis by a material culture specialist. A significant amount of windowpane glass, nails and dish fragments were scattered throughout the area. Additionally a large cast iron leg (Plate 15), possibly from a wood stove and several patterned metal sheets were present. On the southeast side of „area A‟ two large metal wheel rims, possibly from farm machinery, were present.
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Plate 9: Large metal wheel rims found in area ‘A’, facing west (1111260032-D060).
The second unploughed area, labelled „area B‟ in Figure 9, contained large numbers of cut stones. These stones were visible in some areas beneath the sod where the plough had attempted to cut through. The amount of stone in this area suggests that this area may have been the location of John Armstrong Juniors home, as seen on the 1879 Belden map, 1906 topographic map and historic air photos (Figures 4, 5 and 6). Test pitting conducted in this area however revealed very few artifacts, with only one positive test pit encountered which contained two whole glass bottles and a glass stopper (discussed in the artifact analysis).
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Plate 10: Large cut stones aligned adjacent to one another in area ‘B’ facing northwest (1111260032-D075).
Test pitting in both area A and area B revealed similar stratigraphy consisting of topsoil over a lot of light orange brown sand which is over top of another lot of red brown sand which was over a subsoil of light yellow beige sand.
Other areas which consisted of overgrown vegetation were not ploughed. Shovel test pitting was conducted in these areas (Figure 9) and revealed no artifacts. One small area at the northeast corner of the study area was not ploughed or test pitted. This small strip of land was not tested because it was an overgrown highly compact gravel road. Gravel was identified immediately below the sod in the several test pits which were attempted in this area.
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Plate 11: Area above the slope adjacent to the waterlogged area facing north (1111260032-D086).
Plate 12: Test pit in area B in which two whole glass bottles were found, arrow indicating north (1111260032-D082).
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SANDHILL RD F F 23 18
F F 40 49
75 F 60
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75 F F 13 14
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MERSEY DR MERSEY MARCH RD MARCH
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Legend F PHOTO LOCATIONS AND DIRECTION SCALE 1:1,500 METRES SITEBOUNDARY ROAD PROJECT STAGE I/II ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, CONTOUR LINE (5m) WATERCOURSE MORGAN'S CREEK, KANATA, MINTO COMMUNITIES INC. TITLE PHOTO LOCATIONS AND DIRECTION
REFERENCE NOTES: PROJECT No.11-1126-0032 SCALE AS SHOWN REV. 0.0 DESIGN BL July 2011 Base Data - GOOGLE EARTH PRO , 2010 THIS FIGURE IS TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ACCOMPANYING GOLDER GIS BR 5 Aug. 2011 Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: NAD 83 Coordinate System: UTM Zone 18 ASSOCIATES LTD. REPORT NO. 11-1126-0032/1000. CHECK HJD 5 Aug. 2011 FIGURE 10 Ottawa, Ontario
Path: N:\Active\2011\1126 - Environmental and Cultural Sciences\11-1126-0032 Stage & 2_Morgans 1 Creek_Minto\GeoGraphics\GIS\mxd\1111260032-10.mxd - Environmental Sciences\11-1126-0032 Cultural and Path: N:\Active\2011\1126 REVIEW HJD 5 Aug. 2011 STAGE 1 & 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT MORGAN'S CREEK SUBDIVISION
2 3 1
5 6 3
Plate 13: Artifacts: 1) red brick sample 2) wire nail 3) drain pipe 4) window pane 5) machine cut nail 6) wire spike (1111260032-D107).
2
1
Plate 14: Artifacts glass: Machine made bottles 1) complete flask 2) complete alcohol bottle (Owens) (1111260032-D112).
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Plate 15: Artifact: cast iron stove leg (1111260032-D117).
Plate 16: Artifact: cast iron stove leg (1111260032-D112).
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1 3 2
Plate 17: Artifacts, ceramics: 1) VWE with aqua transfer print and moulded decoration 2) ironstone with moulded Wheat decoration 3) porcelain with decal decoration (1111260032-D091).
1 2 3
Plate 18: Artifacts: 1) electrical switch 2) knob 3) cleat (1111260032-D090).
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1 2 3
4 5
Plate 19: Artifacts miscellaneous: 1) panel bottle 2) leather footwear fragment 3) plastic comb 4) button 5) clay pipe stem (1111260032-D106).
1 2
Plate 20: Artifacts glass:1) bottle base with scar indicating Owens manufacture process 2) manganese/ light purple glass (1111260032-D102).
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4.3.3 Artifact Analysis This report and the following artifact inventory (Appendix B) provide a record of the artifacts and other archaeological materials (samples, etc.) recovered from the study area/site. This information is a basis for recommendations as to whether the study area/site is of cultural significance. This report aims to provide enough basic information that a future researcher may determine whether the study area/site is of relevance to their studies (Ministry of Tourism and Culture 2010:58). The Inventory System The artifact inventory was compiled in a Microsoft Office Access 2007 database system.
Each entry in the database contains the following information:
An individual inventory number; The artifacts spatial location (provenience) within the study area/site (test pit, test unit, surface collection, stratum, etc.);
Artifact analysis (see below); and The quantity of any given entry. Artifact Analysis The artifact analysis was based upon the Ministry of Tourism and Cultures standard requirements, as set out in their Tables 6.1, and 6.2 (Ministry of Tourism and Culture 2010:60-67). Every artifact entry in the database included the artifacts material, artifact type (object), the function in which it served and if any alterations had been made to the original artifact (such as burning). Further artifact description was based upon the type of artifact (see below). Historic Artifacts Historic artifacts include: ceramics, glass, and all other inorganic and organic objects (metal, stone, bone, plastic, etc.). Ceramic ware and glaze types were provided, as well as their decoration and colours. When a maker‟s mark was visible it was recorded. Date ranges were provided where possible, and the reference cited. Glass artifact‟s colours and decorative patterns were recorded as well as their technique of manufacture when identifiable. As with ceramic, when a maker‟s mark was visible it was recorded. Date ranges were provided where possible, and the reference cited. All other artifacts were described in as much detail as possible. When possible, the description included the artifacts surface treatment, decorative pattern and technique of manufacture. Maker‟s marks were recorded, and references cited where possible. Aboriginal Artifacts Aboriginal artifacts include: stone, ceramic, faunal and indigenous metal objects. Lithic debitage was recorded by descriptive category (reduction, thinning, etc.). Measurements were provided of formal tools. Ceramics decorative types were noted, as well as construction method. Metal objects were measured and weighed.
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Storage/Curation The collection was packed for storage in order of spatial location (provenience). When inventoried, artifacts were bagged in transparent, resealable (zippered) polyethylene bags, which are inert and moisture resistant. The artifact bags contents are identified on archival quality labels (acid-free, non-yellowing, acrylic adhesive), with an archival ink which is permanent and fade resistant. The artifact bags are then placed in bankers boxes (12”W x 15” D x 10”H).
Artifact collections are stored in the Golder Ottawa office archaeology lab, until the report has been submitted to the Ministry of Tourism and Culture; after which they are moved to a secure, indoor, climate controlled storage facility.
This collection contains 237 artifacts, and is packed in 1 banker‟s box.
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5.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS The Morgan‟s Creek study area produced 237 artifacts. The majority of artifacts were structural in nature (81 or 34%), followed by food/beverage artifacts (59 or 25%). Other artifact totals are shown in the table below. Table 1: Artifact Totals by Function. Function # of Artifacts ecological 8 food/beverage 59 fuel 3 furnishing 6 indeterminate 53 personal/societal 20 structural 81 tools/equipment 6 transportation 1 TOTAL 237
Structural artifacts included: brick, nails (machine cut and wire), drain pipe, spikes (wire), tile, and both window pane and plate glass (thick). Electrical items recovered include 2 switches, and a knob and cleat from knob & tube wiring. Knob and tube wiring was in common use in North America from c. 1880 to 1930's (Croft & Summers 1987).
Artifacts in the food/beverage category included: food storage vessels, tableware, beverage containers and butchered bone. Both sherds of storage vessel were stoneware, one was glazed clear, the other had an Albany slipped interior. Albany slip was in use throughout the 19th century until the 1920‟s (Miller 2000:10). Tableware sherds were for the majority vitrified white earthenware, which was first produced in 1842 and continues in use today (Miller 2000:13). Identified vessels included dinner plates, saucers and a number of other flatware and hollowware sherds. A number of sherds were decorated in an aqua transfer print and moulded motif. Other ware types were porcelain (2 sherds), ironstone (2 sherds) and 1 sherd of burnt white earthenware. Both porcelain sherds were decorated in decal which was first produced in 1890 and continues in use today (Miller 2000:13). The two ironstone sherds mended, and were decorated in moulded Wheat pattern, patented in 1848 (Sussman 1985:7). Beverage bottles included alcohol, soda and wine bottles. Most were standard cylindrical bottles; there was also a complete flask and the base to a demijohn. A number of these bottles were machine made, and there were two examples of the Owens technique, patented in 1904 (Jones & Sullivan 1989:38). A number of glass hollowware sherds (12) were Manganese glass, developed c. 1880 (Miller 2000:8).
Personal artifacts include clothing/footwear items, health/hygiene items and also artifacts associated with smoking. Two glass buttons were recovered as well as a fragment of leather footwear. Health/hygiene artifacts include 3 small bottles, a jar/pot and a fragment of plastic comb. Three sherds of white clay pipe were also recovered.
Artifacts in the furnishing category included: a hasp (possibly from a trunk), a cast iron stove leg and sherds of lamp glass, from a font and a chimney.
Other artifacts found throughout the study area include: horseshoes, mammal and bird bone, a number of hollowware glass vessels, coal samples and a spark plug.
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These remains are likely related to the John Armstrong Jr. residence, built after 1870 and demolished in the late 1950‟s. The earlier residence of John Armstrong Senior likely existed to the northwest of the study area in the vicinity of the present Klondike and March Road intersection. The scatter of remains in the west of the study are, around the possible septic system and location A (Figure 9) likely correlate with the location of the demolished residence, while the cut stone and intact bottles in location B represent the foundations to the Barn (Figure 6).
The artifact assemblage recovered from the Morgan‟s Creek study area suggests a turn of the century date. This does not represent the first generation of settlers within the area, nor do more 20 artifacts date the period of use to before 1900. Based on these considerations; the artifacts and structural remains identified do not fulfil the criteria for a Stage 3 archaeological investigation.
No features or artifacts were identified from the area adjacent to the existing St. Johns cemetery. This confirms the initial conclusion that due to the 20th century expansion of the cemetery to its current boundaries it is unlikely that any undocumented interment has occurred outside of the presently sanctioned area. The proponent‟s development plan has included a heritage buffer of 7.5 m between the development and the cemetery boundary as an extra precaution. However; as noted in section 6: In the event that human remains are encountered during the construction activities, both the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, (416) 314-7148, and the Registrar or Deputy Registrar of the Cemeteries Regulations Unit of the Ministry of Small Business and Consumer Relations, (416) 326-8393, be notified immediately.
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6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS The Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the Morgan‟s Creek study area did not find any cultural resources of archaeological significance.
Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c 0.18, is reviewed to ensure that the licensed consultant archaeologist has met the terms and conditions of their archaeological license, and that the archaeological field work and report recommendations ensure the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario. This investigation has provided the basis for the following recommendations:
1) No further archaeological investigation is required for the study area, and as a consequence that archaeological clearance be provided;
2) That should deeply buried deposits be found on this property during any construction activities, the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, (416) 314-7148, be notified immediately, and;
3) In the event that human remains are encountered during the construction activities, both the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, (416) 314-7148, and the Registrar or Deputy Registrar of the Cemeteries Regulations Unit of the Ministry of Small Business and Consumer Relations, (416) 326-8393, be notified immediately.
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7.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION This report is submitted to the Minister of Tourism and Culture as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c 0.18. The report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued by the Minister, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations ensure the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have been addressed to the satisfaction of the ministry of Tourism and Culture, a letter will be issued by the ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alterations to archaeological sites by the proposed development.
It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or to remove any artifact or other physical evidence of past human us or activity from the site, until such time as a licensed archaeologist has completed archaeological fieldwork on the site, submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or interest, and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeology Reports referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act.
Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject Section 48(1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with Section 48(1) of the Ontario Heritage Act.
The Cemeteries Act, R.S.O. 19909 c.4 and the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c.33 (when proclaimed in force) require that any person discovering human remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry of Consumer Services.
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8.0 IMPORTANT INFORMATION AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS REPORT Golder Associates Ltd. (Golder) has prepared this report in a manner consistent with that level of care and skill ordinarily exercised by members of the archaeological profession currently practicing under similar conditions in the jurisdiction in which the services are provided, subject to the time limits and physical constraints applicable to this report. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made.
This report has been prepared for the specific site, design objective, developments and purpose described to Golder by Minto Communities Inc. (the Client). The factual data, interpretations and recommendations pertain to a specific project as described in this report and are not applicable to any other project or site location.
The information, recommendations and opinions expressed in this report are for the sole benefit of the Client. No other party may use or rely on this report or any portion thereof without Golder‟s express written consent. If the report was prepared to be included for a specific permit application process, then upon the reasonable request of the client, Golder may authorize in writing the use of this report by the regulatory agency as an Approved User for the specific and identified purpose of the applicable permit review process. Any other use of this report by others is prohibited and is without responsibility to Golder. The report, all plans, data, drawings and other documents as well as all electronic media prepared by Golder are considered its professional work product and shall remain the copyright property of Golder, who authorizes only the Client and Approved Users to make copies of the report, but only in such quantities as are reasonably necessary for the use of the report by those parties. The Client and Approved Users may not give, lend, sell, or otherwise make available the report or any portion thereof to any other party without the express written permission of Golder. The Client acknowledges the electronic media is susceptible to unauthorized modification, deterioration and incompatibility and therefore the Client can not rely upon the electronic media versions of Golder‟s report or other work products.
Unless otherwise stated, the suggestions, recommendations and opinions given in this report are intended only for the guidance of the Client in the design of the specific project.
Special risks occur whenever archaeological investigations are applied to identify subsurface conditions and even a comprehensive investigation, sampling and testing program may fail to detect all or certain archaeological resources. The sampling strategies incorporated in this study comply with those identified in the Ministry of Culture‟s Archaeological Assessment Technical Guidelines (1993) (Stages 1 - 3 and Reporting Format).
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9.0 CLOSURE
We trust that this report meets your current needs. If you have any questions, or if we may be of further assistance, please contact the undersigned. GOLDER ASSOCIATES LTD.
Brandy Lockhart, M.A. Hugh J. Daechsel, M.A. Archaeologist Senior Archaeologist/Principal
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Golder, Golder Associates and the GA globe design are trademarks of Golder Associates Corporation.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES Archaeological Services Inc. & Geomatics International, A. 1999 The Archaeological Resource Potential Mapping Study of the Regional Municipality of Ottawa- Carleton: Planning Report. Archaeological master plan study prepared for the Regional Municipality of Ottawa Carelton.
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1996 Pinhey Point Manor BiFx-2 Archaeological Monitoring. Cataraqui Archaeological Research Foundation.
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City of Ottawa. n.d.(b) Heritage Designation: Heritage Districts. Planning and Developing Department, Pamphlet available through the Heritage Section, Planning and Infrastructure Approvals Branch. City of Ottawa. n.d.(a) Heritage Designation: Individual Properties. Planning and Developing Department, Pamphlet available through the Heritage Section, Planning and Infrastructure Approvals Branch. City of Ottawa.
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Daechsel, H. J. 1981 Sawdust Bay 2: The Identification of a Middle Woodland Site in the Ottawa Valley. Unpublished MA Thesis, McMaster University.
2000 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Hazeldean Road Corridor from Terry Fox Drive to the Carp Road Lots 23-30, Concessions 11 & 12 Former Township of Goulbourn and City of Kanata, City of Ottawa. Kanata: Heritage Quest Inc. for Morrison Hershfield.
1999 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Proposed National Archives of Canada Film Archive Building Sites, Lot 2, Concession A, Ottawa Front, Nepean Township, Nepean, Ontario. Ottawa: Heritage Quest for R.V. Anderson Associates.
Earl, J. 2005a Archaeological and Heritage Assessment of the Proposed East-West Corridor Light Rail Transit Project, Geographic Townships of Cumberland, Gloucester, Golbourn, March & Nepean, City of Ottawa. Report prepared by Hertage Quest Inc. for Delcan Corporation, on file, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Toronto.
1999 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of Proposed Quarry Site on Lots 14 and 15, Concession XI Goulbourn Township, Regional Municipality of Ottawa Carleton. Kanata: Heritage Quest for Golder Associates Ltd.
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Golder Associates Ltd. 2010a Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment, Richardson-Cowick Property, Part Lot 7, Concession 1, Geographic Township of March, Ontario. Golder Associates Ltd, for Dillon Consulting Limited.
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2010b Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment, Terry Fox Drive Extension Floodplain and Compensation Lands, Broughton Property, Part Lot 5, Concession 1, Geographic Township of March, Ottawa, Ontario. Golder Associates Ltd. for Dillon Consulting Limited.
2010c Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment, Terry Fox Drive Extension Floodplain and Compensation Lands, J.Richardson Property, Part lot 6, Concession 1, Geographic Township of March, Ottawa, Ontario. Golder Associates Ltd. for Dillon Consulting Limited.
2010e Stage 4 Archaeological Assessment, O`Brien Farm Site, BiFx-16, Lot 9, Concession 2 and 3, Township of March, Carleton County, Ontario. Golder Associates Ltd. for Dillon Consulting Limited.
2010d Stage 4 Archaeological Assessment, Richardson Farm Site (BhFx-30) Part Lot 5, Concession 1, Geographic Township of March, Terry Fox Expansion, Ottawa, Ontario. Golder Associates Ltd. for Dillon Consulting Limited.
Heindenreich, C., & Wright, J. V. 1987 Population and Subsistence. In R. C. Harris (Ed.), Historical Atlas of Canada (Vol. I: From the Beginning to 1800). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Jackson, L. 2008 Stage 2 & 3 Archaeological Assessment of Richardson Ridge Property, Part Lots 5, 6 and 7 and Part of the Road Allowance between Lots 5 and 6, Concession 1, Geographic Township of March, Kanata. Consultants report on file with MTC.
Jamieson, J. B. 1989 An Inventory of the Prehistoric Archaeological Sites of Ottawa-Carleton. Paper submitted to the Ontario Archaeology Society, Ottawa Chapter. Ottawa.
Jamieson, S. M. 1975 Nepean Lime Kiln. Report on file with MTC.
Kennedy, C. C. 1976 "Champlain Sea and Early Ottawa River Shoreline Studies" Archaic Notes, Newsletter of the Ottawa Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society. Ottawa: Ontario Archaeological Society.
Kennedy, C. C. 1979 "The Boomcamp-1 Site Revisited". The Ottawa Archaeologist Vol.8, No.8 , 8-12.
1972 "The Boomcamp-1 Site". Arch Notes .
Kennet, B. 1998 Stage 1 Archaeological Investigation, Communications Research Centre, National Defence Complex, Shirleys Bay, Part Lot 4 & 5, Concession A, Ottawa Front, Nepean Township, Nepean Ontario. Kanata: Heritage Quest for Department of National Defence.
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2004 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Proposed Greely South Quarry, Part Lot 16, Concession VI, Geographic Township of Osgoode, City of Ottawa. Heritage Quest for Cornwall Gravel Company.
MacDonald, R. I. 1997b Stage 1 Archaeological Resource Assessment of Jockvale Stormwater Facility and Drainage Area. ASI.
1997a Stage 1/2 Archaeological Resource Assessment of Standherd Stormwater Management Pond, City of Nepean, R.M. of Ottawa-Carleton. . ASI .
Miller, G. L. 2000 Telling Time for Archaeologists. Northeast Historical Archaeology Vol. 29 , 1-17.
Ministry of Culture & Ministry of Environment 1992 Guidelines for Preparing the Cultural Heritage Resource Component of Environmental Assessments. Manuscript on file, Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Toronto.
National Capital Commission 2002a National Historic Sites and Monuments in the Capital Region. In Parks, Heritage and Development. National Capital Commission, Manuscript available online www.capcan.ca .
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1900 "Archaeology of Lake Deschenes", The Ottawa Naturalist. Vol. 13, No. 10, pp. 226-239.
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1901 “Prehistoric camping grounds along the Ottawa River", The Ottawa Naturalist. Vol 15, No. 16, pp. 141-151.
Stewart, B. W. 2003 Stage 1 & 2 Archaeological Assessment of Terry Fox Drive Extension, South of Richardson Side Road to March Road, Kanata. Culture Resource Management Group Limited for Dillon Consulting Limited.
2009 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Report Terry Fox Drive Extension Floodplain Compensation Plan, Kanata, City of Ottawa. Cultural Resources Management Group for Dillon Consulting Limited.
Sussman, L. 1985 The Weat Pattern. Parks Canada.
Swayze, K. 1999a A Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of a proposed subdivision Expansion on Part of Lot 18, Concession 2, West Carleton (Huntley) Township, Regional Municipality of Ottawa Carleton. .
1996 A Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of the Route of a Consumers Gas Pipeline, between the City of Kanata and the Town of Carp, in the Township of West Carleton, Regional Municipality of Ottawa Carleton.
2000a A Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of a Proposed Aggregate Pit on East Half of Lot 12, Concession 4, West Carleton (Huntley) Township, Regional Municipality of Ottawa Carleton.
2000b A Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment of a Proposed Aggregate Pit on the East Half of Lot 12, Concession 4, West Carleton (Huntley) Township, Regional Municipality of Ottawa Carleton.
1997 A Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment of Areas of Concern along the Carp Road and Richardson Side Road, Consumers Gas Pipeline, between the City of Kanata and the Town of Carp, in the Township of West Carleton, Regional Municipality of Ottawa Carleton.
1999b A Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment of a Proposed Subdivision Expansion on Part of Lot 18, Concession 2, West Carleton (Huntley) Township, Regional Municipality of Ottawa Carleton.
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Watson, G. D. 1972 A Woodland Indian Site at Constance Bay, Ontario. Ontario Archaeology 18 , 1-24.
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1993 Archaeological Assessment and Built Heritage Assessment of Highway 7 from Carleton Place to Highway 417/17. ASI.
Wright, P. &. 1981 Site Investigations at Proposed Ministry of Natural Resources District Office, Carleton Place, Beckwith Township, County of Lanark, Ontario.
Wright, P. 2005 Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment of a proposed subdivision in parts of Lots 19 & 18, Concession 1, Historic March Township, City of Kanata, Regional Municipality of Ottawa- Carleton, Ontario. McGovern Heritage Archaeological Associates for Golden Apple Developments.
Maps
1863 Walling Map
1879 Belden Map
1906 Topographic Map
Air Photographs (National Air Photo Library- Ottawa)
A4698-34 1934
A9556-41 1945
A13380-52 1952
A18001-91 1963
A22560-19 1970
A26233-270 1983
Census Records (National Archives Canada)
NMC C-11716 1851
NMC C-1013 1861
NMC C-10016 1871
NMC C-13231 1881
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APPENDIX A Photographic Catalogue
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APPENDIX A Photographic Catalogue
Exposure TP/Point Subject Direction Date Photographer #
D001 View of the property taken from the east corner of the study area along Sandy Hill Road SW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D002 View of the East Corner of the Site, St. John’s Cemetery and Sandhill Road, taken from road SE 10-06-11 E. Wilson View of Sandhill Road and new development neighborhood, taken from the east corner of the site D003 SE 10-06-11 E. Wilson on Sandhill Road D004 Eastern side of property taken from the rise to the east, looking at undulating terrain NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D005 Area to the east of the property below the ridge with environmental test pit and old fence wood pile NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D006 Environmental test pit disturbance in the east S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D007 Environmental test pit disturbance in the east to view of the pond in the foreground S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D008 Old fence wood pile with damaged goalie net in the eastern depression area NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D009 Old fence wood pile with damaged goalie net in the eastern depression area W 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D010 Old fence wood pile with damaged goalie net in the eastern depression area W 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D011 View of the pond in the east half of the study area taken from the central rise in the land SE 10-06-11 E. Wilson View of the pond in the east half of the study area taken from the central rise in the land with St. D012 E 10-06-11 E. Wilson Johns cemetery in the background D013 View of the pond in the east half of the study area taken from the south boundary N 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D014 View of the southeast corner and study area with the church E 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D015 View of the western half of the property taken from the central ridge to the south W 10-06-11 E. Wilson View of the small flood plain to the creek below taken from central rise in land, looking towards D016 SW 10-06-11 E. Wilson March Road
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 1/8
APPENDIX A Photographic Catalogue
Exposure TP/Point Subject Direction Date Photographer #
D017 View and deer E 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D018 View and flood plane taken from the northeast boundary S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D019 View and flood plane taken from the northeast boundary S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D020 Environmental test pit located east of creek SE 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D021 View of the creek and flood plane taken from flood plane in the north S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D022 View of the creek and flood plane taken from flood plane in the north S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D023 Concrete bridge over the creek located in the north boundary taken on east side W 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D024 View of the creek running north of the property NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D025 View of the artisan well from the bridge SW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D026 Environmental test pit west of the creek S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D027 View of flood plane and eastern property taken from the western ridge E 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D028 Northwest corner of the property at March Road taken from the ridge NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D029 View of the southwest corner of the property S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D030 View of the property taken from March Road E 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D031 Disturbed area along March Road S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D032 Disturbed area along March Road S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D033 Environmental test pit found east of March Road E 10-06-11 E. Wilson
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 2/8
APPENDIX A Photographic Catalogue
Exposure TP/Point Subject Direction Date Photographer #
D034 Flood plane taken from southwest of the creek N 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D035 Creek from the south NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D036 Lily’s east of the creek NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D037 Creek facing northwest NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D038 Pond located in the east SE 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D039 Old wood fence pile E 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D040 Property taken from the north corner S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D041 Division of the cemetery and property taken from the east corner W 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D042 Sandhill on the ridge towards the low land to the northeast SE 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D043 Low lying land taken east from sandhill E 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D044 St. John’s cemetery from the road NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D045 St. John’s cemetery from the road S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D046 St. John’s cemetery from the road W 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D047 St. John’s cemetery from the road S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D048 Cement foundation and hollow space visible beneath the ground at the north side of the property NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D049 Catharine Dupont measuring the visible remains of the foundation N 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D050 View facing east from the septic bed showing the ‘pond’ area in the foreground and Sandhill Road 10-06-11 E. Wilson
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 3/8
APPENDIX A Photographic Catalogue
Exposure TP/Point Subject Direction Date Photographer # E. Wilson Gravel in the field from a possible septic bed W 10-06-11 E. Wilson D051 D052 Remains of a plastic pipe running from the foundation 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D053 Catharine Dupont walking a transect in the ploughed field W 10-06-11 E. Wilson Trench and remains of a possible drainage pipe. Fragments of ceramic pipe, stone and brick fill D054 E 10-06-11 E. Wilson the trench, with a plastic tube protruding from the ground D055 Small un-ploughed area containing significant amounts of rubble E 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D056 Vegetation in the un-ploughed area with rubble (area A) S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D057 Catharine Dupont in area A collecting a surface sample of artifacts 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D058 Aluminum of tin sheet metal protruding from the field with large rocks W 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D059 Aluminum or tin sheet metal with decoration on it at area A S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D060 Two large metal wheel rims on the south side of area A E 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D061 Two large metal wheel rims in Area A 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D062 Cut stone visible below the sod in area B N 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D063 Cut stone beneath the sod of Area B, uncovered by the plough N 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D064 Area B with visible cut stones NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D065 Two cut stones lined up beneath the sod of area B NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D066 Two cut stones in a line and several other loose cut stones in area B NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D067 Pipe with flowing water near the cement bridge between the east and west fields of the property S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 4/8
APPENDIX A Photographic Catalogue
Exposure TP/Point Subject Direction Date Photographer #
D068 Pipe with flowing water in the creek running through the property S 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D069 Church on Klondike Road north of the property, taken from the bridge N 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D070 Test pit in area B showing the color difference between the sub-soil and topsoil 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D071 Test pit in area B at the east side 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D072 Area B being test pitted NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D073 Test pitting area B NW 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D074 Large cut stones aligned in the southeast corner of area B 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D075 Rows of large stacked cut stones in area B 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D076 Test pit in area B which located 2 cut stones 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D077 Test pit in area B which exposed two cut stones 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D078 Stratigraphy of area B seen in a test pit at the west end showing the sandy soils 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D079 Test pit in the west end of area B showing the orange brown sand over a light grey beige sand 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D080 Test pit in area B 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D081 Test pit in area B 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D082 Large test pit in the north of area B where two whole black glass bottles were found 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D083 Straight down view of a large test pit showing the beige sandy soil beneath the orange sandy soil E 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D084 East wall of the large test pit in area B 10-06-11 E. Wilson
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 5/8
APPENDIX A Photographic Catalogue
Exposure TP/Point Subject Direction Date Photographer #
D085 Area between the ploughed field and the wet ‘pond’ being test pitted NE 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D086 Test pitting west of the ‘pond’ 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D087 The ‘pond’, a wet low point in the property with sloping sides NE 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D088 Cemetery to the south and east o the property, at the top of the ‘pond’ area E 10-06-11 E. Wilson Electrical Artifacts : switch (0427242 ; 5022843), Knob (0427283 ; 5022812), cleat (427276 ; D089 / 10-06-11 E. Wilson 5022830) Electrical Artifacts : switch (0427242 ; 5022843), Knob (0427283 ; 5022812), cleat (427276 ; D090 / 10-06-11 E. Wilson 5022830) Tableware Artifacts : VWE with aqua transfer print and moulded decoration (427272 ; 5022831), D091 ironstone with moulded wheat decoration (427272 ; 5022831), porcelain with decal decoration / 10-06-11 E. Wilson (0427248 ; 5022840) Tableware Artifacts : VWE with aqua transfer print and moulded decoration (427272 ; 5022831), D092 ironstone with moulded wheat decoration (427272 ; 5022831), porcelain with decal decoration / 10-06-11 E. Wilson (0427248 ; 5022840) Tableware Artifacts : VWE with aqua transfer print and moulded decoration (427272 ; 5022831), D093 ironstone with moulded wheat decoration (427272 ; 5022831), porcelain with decal decoration / 10-06-11 E. Wilson (0427248 ; 5022840) D094 Glass manufacturing : Demijohn’s machine made scar (427262 ; 5022792) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D095 Glass manufacturing : Demijohn’s machine made scar (427262 ; 5022792) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D096 Glass manufacturing : Demijohn’s machine made scar (427262 ; 5022792) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D097 Glass manufacturing : Demijohn’s machine made scar (427262 ; 5022792) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D098 Glass manufacturing : Demijohn’s machine made scar (427262 ; 5022792) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D099 Glass manufacturing : manganese / light purple glass ( 427248 ; 5022793) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 6/8
APPENDIX A Photographic Catalogue
Exposure TP/Point Subject Direction Date Photographer #
D100 Glass manufacturing : manganese / light purple glass ( 427248 ; 5022793) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson Glass manufacturing : Demijohn’s machine made scar (427262 ; 5022792), manganese / light D101 / 10-06-11 E. Wilson purple glass ( 427248 ; 5022793) Glass manufacturing : Demijohn’s machine made scar (427262 ; 5022792), manganese / light D102 / 10-06-11 E. Wilson purple glass ( 427248 ; 5022793) Glass manufacturing : Demijohn’s machine made scar (427262 ; 5022792), manganese / light D103 / 10-06-11 E. Wilson purple glass ( 427248 ; 5022793) Glass manufacturing : Demijohn’s machine made scar (427262 ; 5022792), manganese / light D104 / 10-06-11 E. Wilson purple glass ( 427248 ; 5022793) Personal Artifacts : button (0427242 ; 5022843), leather footwear (427272 ; 5022831), plastic D105 comb (427276 ; 5022830), panel bottle (427272; 5022831), smoking pipe steam (427272 ; / 10-06-11 E. Wilson 5022831) Personal Artifacts : button (0427242 ; 5022843), leather footwear (427272 ; 5022831), plastic D106 comb (427276 ; 5022830), panel bottle (427272; 5022831), smoking pipe steam (427272 ; / 10-06-11 E. Wilson 5022831) Structural Artifacts : red brick fragment (0427239 ; 5022839), machine cut nail (0427272 ; 5022824 D107 ), wire nail (0427272 ; 5022824), drain pipe (0427248 ; 5022840), wire spike (0427272 ; 5022824), / 10-06-11 E. Wilson window pane (427272 ; 5022831) Structural Artifacts : red brick fragment (0427239 ; 5022839), machine cut nail (0427272 ; 5022824 D108 ), wire nail (0427272 ; 5022824), drain pipe (0427248 ; 5022840), wire spike (0427272 ; 5022824), / 10-06-11 E. Wilson window pane (427272 ; 5022831) D109 Beverage bottle : flask (427283 ; 5022806) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D110 Beverage bottle : flask (427283 ; 5022806) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D111 Beverage bottle : cylindrical bottle (427283 ; 5022806) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D112 Beverage bottles : flask (427283 ; 5022806) , cylindrical bottle (427283 ; 5022806) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D113 Beverage bottles : flask (427283 ; 5022806) , cylindrical bottle (427283 ; 5022806) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 7/8
APPENDIX A Photographic Catalogue
Exposure TP/Point Subject Direction Date Photographer #
D114 Beverage bottles : flask (427283 ; 5022806) , cylindrical bottle (427283 ; 5022806) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D115 Beverage bottles : flask (427283 ; 5022806) , cylindrical bottle (427283 ; 5022806) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D116 Beverage bottles : flask (427283 ; 5022806) , cylindrical bottle (427283 ; 5022806) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D117 Leg (427273 ; 5022831) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D118 Leg (427273 ; 5022831) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D119 Beverage bottles : flask (427283 ; 5022806) , cylindrical bottle (427283 ; 5022806) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D120 Beverage bottles : flask (427283 ; 5022806) , cylindrical bottle (427283 ; 5022806) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D121 Beverage bottles : flask (427283 ; 5022806) , cylindrical bottle (427283 ; 5022806) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D122 Leg (427273 ; 5022831) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D123 Leg (427273 ; 5022831) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
D124 Glass manufacturing : manganese / light purple glass ( 427248 ; 5022793) / 10-06-11 E. Wilson
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 8/8
STAGE 1 & 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT MORGAN'S CREEK SUBDIVISION
APPENDIX B Artifact Inventory
August 2011 Report No. 11-1126-0032
APPENDIX B Artifact Inventory
# of Easting Northing Material 1 Material 2 Function 1 Function 2 Object Fragment Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Manufacture Alteration Note Artifacts building 427119 5022732 glass indeterminate structural plate (pane) incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 1 component building 427124 5022688 glass indeterminate structural window pane incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 1 component holloware: clear/ moulded: 427165 5022679 glass indeterminate indeterminate body plain 1 polygonal colourless contact building 427194 5022791 glass indeterminate structural window pane incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 1 component 427219 5022785 glass indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate plain aqua: light indeterminate melted 1 horse tools/ cut nails in 427220 5022820 metal iron horse related equipment: complete 1 equipment situ horseshoe personal/ health/ bottle: finish: moulded: 427233 5022805 glass indeterminate plain aqua: light 1 societal hygiene indeterminate perscription contact personal/ health/ holloware: moulded: 427235 5022798 glass indeterminate base plain white melted 1 societal hygiene cylindrical contact vitrified white food/ transfer print/ 427235 5022816 ceramic tableware saucer body aqua 1 earthenware beverage moulded 427235 5022816 fauna bone ecological mammal incomplete 1 coarse building 427239 5022834 ceramic earthenware: structural brick incomplete 1 meas N/ A component red porcelain: food/ decal/ 427239 5022834 ceramic tableware saucer footrim silver 1 hard paste beverage lithograph 427239 5022834 glass indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate industrial slip aqua: light melted 1 curved 427239 5022834 metal iron indeterminate sheet incomplete 2 edge building 427241 5022777 glass indeterminate structural window pane incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 1 component 427242 5022843 ceramic coarse food/ storage holloware body slipped/ Albany burnt 1
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 1/10
APPENDIX B Artifact Inventory
# of Easting Northing Material 1 Material 2 Function 1 Function 2 Object Fragment Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Manufacture Alteration Note Artifacts stoneware: beverage container glazed (interior)/ grey clear earthenware: food/ clear/ 427242 5022843 ceramic tableware holloware body plain burnt 1 ind. white beverage colourless porcelain/ 427242 5022843 composite structural electrical indeterminate incomplete 1 switch copper alloy moulded: 427242 5022843 glass indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate incomplete plain aqua: light melted 1 contact personal/ 427242 5022843 glass indeterminate clothing button: 4 hole complete plain white indeterminate burnt 1 societal bottle: finish: machine 427242 5022843 glass manganese indeterminate plain purple: light 1 indeterminate threaded made 427242 5022843 metal copper alloy indeterminate indeterminate complete 2 round/ rings 427245 5022794 glass manganese indeterminate holloware body plain purple: light indeterminate 1 427248 5022793 coal fuel sample 1 clear/ 427248 5022793 glass indeterminate furnishing lighting lamp chimney body plain indeterminate melted 1 very thin colourless bottle: moulded: 427248 5022793 glass manganese indeterminate neck plain purple: light 1 indeterminate contact 427248 5022793 glass manganese indeterminate holloware rim plain purple: light indeterminate 1 427248 5022793 metal iron structural hardware nail: common incomplete indeterminate cut 1 horse tools/ cut nails in 427248 5022808 metal iron horse related equipment: complete 1 equipment situ horseshoe coarse building emb 427248 5022840 ceramic earthenware: structural brick incomplete frogged 1 component 'BAKER' red coarse building 427248 5022840 ceramic stoneware: structural pipe: drain incomplete 1 component red 427248 5022840 ceramic coarse structural building tile incomplete 1
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 2/10
APPENDIX B Artifact Inventory
# of Easting Northing Material 1 Material 2 Function 1 Function 2 Object Fragment Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Manufacture Alteration Note Artifacts stoneware: component red porcelain: food/ footring/ decal/ brown with 427248 5022840 ceramic tableware saucer brown/ gold 1 hard paste beverage footrim lithograph gold lustre coarse food/ storage clear/ 427250 5022825 ceramic stoneware: holloware rim glaze: lead 1 beverage container colourless buff food/ beverage clear/ machine 'COCA-C../ 427250 5022825 glass indeterminate bottle: soda body ribbed 1 beverage container colourless made CANADA' personal/ marked, 427251 5022841 ceramic clay: white smoking smoking pipe stem impressed 1 societal illegible building 427251 5022841 glass indeterminate structural window pane incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 1 component 427251 5022851 flora wood indeterminate sample burnt 1 427251 5022851 glass indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate melted 1 427251 5022851 metal iron furnishing furniture hasp complete 1 holloware: 427251 5022851 metal iron indeterminate indeterminate 1 cylindrical 427251 5022851 metal iron indeterminate sheet incomplete 1 427251 5022851 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete round head wire 1 427251 5022851 metal iron structural hardware spike complete round head wire 1 tools/ 427251 5022851 metal iron indeterminate incomplete cast 2 equipment 427254 5022799 metal iron structural hardware spike complete round head wire 1 vitrified white food/ transfer print/ 427257 5022811 ceramic tableware flatware rim aqua 1 earthenware beverage moulded building 427259 5022806 glass indeterminate structural window pane incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 1 component 427259 5022818 coal fuel sample 1 427261 5022832 fauna bone ecological mammal incomplete 1
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 3/10
APPENDIX B Artifact Inventory
# of Easting Northing Material 1 Material 2 Function 1 Function 2 Object Fragment Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Manufacture Alteration Note Artifacts food/ 427261 5022832 fauna bone mammal incomplete butchered 1 beverage food/ beverage machine 427261 5022832 glass indeterminate bottle: soda body plain green: lime 1 beverage container made food/ beverage machine 427262 5022792 glass indeterminate demijohn base/ body plain amber 5 beverage container made: Owens holloware: 427267 5022808 glass indeterminate indeterminate body plain aqua: light indeterminate 2 cylindrical moulded: 427267 5022828 glass indeterminate structural electrical insulator body plain aqua 1 contact coarse 427268 5022834 ceramic earthenware: indeterminate holloware body glaze: none 1 pipe? red vitrified white food/ clear/ 427268 5022834 ceramic tableware holloware rim plain 2 earthenware beverage colourless building 427268 5022834 glass indeterminate structural plate (pane) incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 1 component building 427268 5022834 glass indeterminate structural window pane incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 1 component building 427272 5022824 glass indeterminate structural window pane incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 16 component rectangular 427272 5022824 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete cut 2 head 427272 5022824 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete round head wire 1 427272 5022824 metal iron structural hardware nail: lath incomplete square head cut 2 427272 5022824 metal iron structural hardware spike complete round head wire 1 personal/ 427272 5022831 ceramic clay: white smoking smoking pipe bowl embossed 1 societal personal/ 427272 5022831 ceramic clay: white smoking smoking pipe stem worn 1 teeth wear societal food/ 427272 5022831 ceramic ironstone tableware cup/ mug rim/ body moulded Wheat 2 beverage
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 4/10
APPENDIX B Artifact Inventory
# of Easting Northing Material 1 Material 2 Function 1 Function 2 Object Fragment Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Manufacture Alteration Note Artifacts porcelain: 427272 5022831 ceramic indeterminate holloware rim plain burnt 2 hard paste refined white food/ 427272 5022831 ceramic tableware flatware base transfer print pink 1 earthenware beverage vitrified white food/ transfer print/ 427272 5022831 ceramic tableware holloware rim aqua 2 earthenware beverage moulded vitrified white food/ clear/ 427272 5022831 ceramic tableware indeterminate body plain 5 earthenware beverage colourless vitrified white food/ plate: dinner 427272 5022831 ceramic tableware rim moulded 1 earthenware beverage (9-12") vitrified white food/ plate: dinner transfer print/ 427272 5022831 ceramic tableware rim/ body aqua 5 earthenware beverage (9-12") moulded vitrified white food/ clear/ 427272 5022831 ceramic tableware saucer footrim plain 3 earthenware beverage colourless porcelain/ 427272 5022831 composite structural electrical indeterminate incomplete 1 switch copper alloy 427272 5022831 fauna bone ecological bird incomplete 2 food/ 427272 5022831 fauna bone mammal incomplete butchered 1 beverage personal/ 427272 5022831 fauna leather footwear footwear: heel incomplete 2 societal food/ beverage 427272 5022831 glass indeterminate bottle: alcohol body plain amber 1 beverage container food/ beverage green: dark 427272 5022831 glass indeterminate bottle: wine body plain indeterminate 1 beverage container olive bottle: finish: clear/ machine 427272 5022831 glass indeterminate indeterminate plain 1 indeterminate threaded colourless made holloware: embossed: clear/ moulded: 427272 5022831 glass indeterminate indeterminate body 1 '..B..' cylindrical lettering colourless contact holloware: clear/ moulded: 427272 5022831 glass indeterminate indeterminate body textured 3 polygonal colourless contact 427272 5022831 glass indeterminate personal/ health/ bottle: vessel portion plain aqua: light moulded: 7
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 5/10
APPENDIX B Artifact Inventory
# of Easting Northing Material 1 Material 2 Function 1 Function 2 Object Fragment Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Manufacture Alteration Note Artifacts societal hygiene rectangular contact building 427272 5022831 glass indeterminate structural plate (pane) incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 1 component building 427272 5022831 glass indeterminate structural window pane incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 10 component moulded: 427272 5022831 glass manganese furnishing lighting lamp font rim/ body plain purple: light 3 contact personal/ health/ moulded: two 427272 5022831 glass manganese bottle: panel vessel portion plain purple: light 3 societal hygiene piece 427272 5022831 metal copper alloy indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate 1 pipe fitting? 427272 5022831 metal iron indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate 1 427272 5022831 metal iron indeterminate hardware bolt: threaded complete square head 1 427272 5022831 metal iron indeterminate hardware rivet incomplete round head 1 427272 5022831 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete finishing wire 1 rectangular 427272 5022831 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete cut 1 head 427272 5022831 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete roofing head wire 1 427272 5022831 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete round head wire 2 427272 5022831 metal iron structural hardware nail: lath complete square head cut 1 pipe fitting?, 427272 5022831 metal lead indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate 1 spigot/ valve? writing 427272 5022831 stone slate indeterminate indeterminate incomplete 1 board? coarse building 427272 5022835 ceramic earthenware: structural brick incomplete 1 meas N/ A component red building 427272 5022835 glass indeterminate structural window pane incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 2 component
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 6/10
APPENDIX B Artifact Inventory
# of Easting Northing Material 1 Material 2 Function 1 Function 2 Object Fragment Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Manufacture Alteration Note Artifacts 427272 5022835 metal iron indeterminate indeterminate complete 1 cylindrical 427272 5022835 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete round head wire 1 emb base 'PEPSI COLA COMPANY OF food/ beverage machine CANADA 427273 5022776 glass indeterminate bottle: soda base enamelled red 1 beverage container made LIMITED' Consumers Glass mark, inverted triangle 1917-1962 holloware: moulded: emb base 427273 5022803 glass indeterminate indeterminate base plain aqua: light 1 cylindrical contact '535' holloware: 427273 5022803 glass indeterminate indeterminate body plain green: light indeterminate 1 cylindrical 427273 5022803 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete round head wire 1 heating/ stove: foot/ lion paw 427273 5022831 metal iron furnishing temperature complete 1 leg foot control horse tools/ cut nails in 427276 5022781 metal iron horse related equipment: complete 1 equipment situ horseshoe porcelain: clear/ moulded: 427276 5022830 ceramic structural electrical cleat incomplete plain 1 hard paste colourless contact partial refined white food/ marks - imp 427276 5022830 ceramic tableware saucer rim/ base transfer print pink 2 earthenware beverage and tp '..ARCA..' aqua dot - vitrified white food/ clear/ 427276 5022830 ceramic tableware flatware body plain 3 probably tp earthenware beverage colourless and
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 7/10
APPENDIX B Artifact Inventory
# of Easting Northing Material 1 Material 2 Function 1 Function 2 Object Fragment Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Manufacture Alteration Note Artifacts moulded platter/ vitrified white food/ transfer print/ dinnner 427276 5022830 ceramic tableware flatware rim aqua 6 earthenware beverage moulded plate/ soup plate? 427276 5022830 fauna bone ecological bird incomplete 1 holloware: clear/ moulded: 427276 5022830 glass indeterminate indeterminate body plain 1 polygonal colourless contact building 427276 5022830 glass indeterminate structural window pane incomplete plain aqua: light indeterminate 6 component holloware: 427276 5022830 glass manganese indeterminate body plain purple: light indeterminate 1 cylindrical holloware: moulded: 427276 5022830 glass manganese indeterminate body plain purple: light 1 polygonal contact container: 427276 5022830 metal iron indeterminate incomplete 4 indeterminate 427276 5022830 metal iron indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate 1 piston? 427276 5022830 metal iron indeterminate ring complete 1 427276 5022830 metal iron indeterminate rod indeterminate 1 hooked end 427276 5022830 metal iron indeterminate sheet incomplete 1 427276 5022830 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete round head wire 1 427276 5022830 metal iron structural hardware spike complete round head wire 1 personal/ health/ moulded: 427276 5022830 plastic indeterminate comb incomplete plain black 1 societal hygiene contact coarse building 427279 5022830 ceramic earthenware: structural pipe: drain body glaze: none 1 component red vitrified white food/ clear/ 427279 5022830 ceramic tableware holloware body plain 1 earthenware beverage colourless 427279 5022830 coal fuel sample 1
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 8/10
APPENDIX B Artifact Inventory
# of Easting Northing Material 1 Material 2 Function 1 Function 2 Object Fragment Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Manufacture Alteration Note Artifacts blk tp 'GENUINE/ J-M/ porcelain/ (MEZGER)/ 427279 5022830 composite transportation spark plug 1 metal BOOT- PROOF/ PATENTED ' 427279 5022830 glass indeterminate indeterminate holloware body plain aqua: light indeterminate 1 porcelain: 427280 5022803 ceramic structural electrical indeterminate incomplete 1 hard paste 427280 5022803 metal iron structural hardware nail: lath complete indeterminate indeterminate corroded 1 cylindrical, 2-part/ wine food/ beverage machine 427283 5022806 glass indeterminate bottle: alcohol complete plain amber 1 or brandy beverage container made: Owens finish, h=28 cm 2-part/ wine food/ beverage machine or brandy 427283 5022806 glass indeterminate bottle: flask complete plain amber 1 beverage container made finish, h=17.5 cm food/ stopper: club moulded: 427283 5022806 glass indeterminate indeterminate complete plain amber 1 beverage sauce type contact 427283 5022806 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete round head wire 1 porcelain: clear/ moulded: 427283 5022812 ceramic structural electrical knob incomplete plain 1 bisque colourless contact porcelain: 427283 5022833 ceramic structural electrical indeterminate incomplete plain 1 hard paste 427285 5022826 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete round head wire 1 427286 5022809 fauna bone ecological bird incomplete 3 personal/ 427286 5022809 glass indeterminate clothing button: 4 hole complete plain white indeterminate burnt 1 societal
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 9/10
APPENDIX B Artifact Inventory
# of Easting Northing Material 1 Material 2 Function 1 Function 2 Object Fragment Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Manufacture Alteration Note Artifacts 427286 5022809 metal iron indeterminate chain/ ring incomplete 1 horse tools/ 427286 5022809 metal iron horse related equipment: complete 1 equipment snap hook vitrified white food/ 427289 5022842 ceramic tableware holloware body industrial slip banded: blue 2 earthenware beverage vitrified white food/ transfer print/ 427289 5022842 ceramic tableware saucer rim aqua 1 earthenware beverage moulded 427289 5022842 metal iron structural hardware spike complete round head wire 1 food/ beverage green: dark 427292 5022794 glass indeterminate bottle: wine body plain indeterminate 1 beverage container olive 427318 5022906 metal iron structural hardware nail: common complete round head wire 1 427325 5022904 glass indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate indeterminate plain aqua: light indeterminate melted 1 holloware: embossed: clear/ moulded: 427349 5022911 glass indeterminate indeterminate body 4 '..24..' cylindrical lettering colourless contact
August 2011 Project No. 11-1126-0032 10/10
Caption Text
Golder Associates Ltd. 32 Steacie Drive Kanata, Ontario, K2K 2A9 Canada T: +1 (613) 592 9600