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The North West Rebellion Death of an Era Contents The North West Rebellion Death of an Era Contents 1 North-West Rebellion 1 1.1 Background .............................................. 1 1.2 Demographics ............................................. 2 1.3 Conflicts ................................................ 2 1.3.1 Battle of Duck Lake ..................................... 2 1.3.2 Looting of Battleford ..................................... 3 1.3.3 Frog Lake Massacre ..................................... 3 1.3.4 Battle of Fort Pitt ....................................... 3 1.3.5 Battle of Fish Creek ...................................... 3 1.3.6 Battle of Cut Knife ...................................... 4 1.3.7 Battle of Batoche ....................................... 4 1.3.8 Battle of Frenchman’s Butte ................................. 4 1.3.9 Battle of Loon Lake ...................................... 4 1.4 International attention ......................................... 4 1.5 Aftermath ............................................... 4 1.6 Legacy ................................................. 5 1.7 Memorials ............................................... 5 1.8 In fiction ................................................ 6 1.9 See also ................................................ 6 1.10 References ............................................... 6 1.11 Further reading ............................................ 9 1.11.1 Historiography ........................................ 9 1.12 External links ............................................. 10 2 Battle of Duck Lake 11 2.1 Prelude ................................................ 11 2.2 Battle ................................................. 12 2.3 Aftermath ............................................... 12 2.4 Legacy ................................................. 12 2.5 See also ................................................ 12 2.6 References ............................................... 13 2.7 External links ............................................. 13 i ii CONTENTS 3 Looting of Battleford 14 3.1 Geography ............................................... 14 3.2 Siege of Battleford ........................................... 15 3.3 Aftermath ............................................... 15 3.4 Overview ............................................... 15 3.5 References ............................................... 16 3.6 External links ............................................. 16 4 Frog Lake Massacre 17 4.1 Causes ................................................ 17 4.2 The massacre ............................................. 17 4.3 Aftermath ............................................... 18 4.4 Legacy ................................................. 18 4.5 See also ................................................ 18 4.6 References ............................................... 18 4.7 Further reading ............................................ 19 4.8 External links ............................................. 19 5 Battle of Fort Pitt 20 5.1 Background .............................................. 20 5.2 Battle ................................................. 20 5.3 Legacy ................................................. 21 5.4 References ............................................... 21 6 Battle of Fish Creek 22 6.1 Battle ................................................. 22 6.2 Maps .................................................. 23 6.3 Legacy ................................................. 23 6.4 References ............................................... 23 6.5 External links ............................................. 24 7 Battle of Cut Knife 25 7.1 Background .............................................. 25 7.2 Battle ................................................. 26 7.3 Maps .................................................. 27 7.4 Conclusion ............................................... 27 7.5 Legacy ................................................. 27 7.6 See also ................................................ 27 7.7 References ............................................... 27 8 Battle of Batoche 29 8.1 Early advances and the crippling of the Northcote ........................... 29 8.2 Mission Ridge ............................................. 30 CONTENTS iii 8.3 Probing attacks of 10 May to 11 May ................................. 30 8.4 The storming of Batoche ....................................... 30 8.5 Gallery ................................................. 31 8.6 Aftermath ............................................... 31 8.6.1 Casualties ........................................... 31 8.6.2 Bell of Batoche ........................................ 31 8.7 Legacy ................................................. 31 8.8 Maps .................................................. 32 8.9 Footnotes ............................................... 32 8.10 References ............................................... 32 9 Battle of Frenchman’s Butte 34 9.1 Background .............................................. 34 9.2 The battle ............................................... 34 9.3 Conclusion ............................................... 35 9.4 Legacy ................................................. 35 9.5 References ............................................... 35 10 Battle of Loon Lake 36 10.1 Maps .................................................. 36 10.2 Legacy ................................................. 36 10.3 References ............................................... 37 11 Louis Riel 38 11.1 Early life ................................................ 38 11.2 Red River Rebellion .......................................... 39 11.2.1 Riel emerges as a leader .................................... 39 11.2.2 Provisional government .................................... 40 11.2.3 Canadian resistance and the execution of Scott ........................ 40 11.2.4 Creation of Manitoba and the Wolseley expedition ...................... 40 11.3 Intervening years ........................................... 41 11.3.1 Amnesty question ....................................... 41 11.3.2 Exile and mental illness .................................... 41 11.3.3 Montana and family life .................................... 42 11.4 The North-West Rebellion ....................................... 42 11.4.1 Grievances in the Saskatchewan territory ........................... 42 11.4.2 Return of Riel ......................................... 43 11.4.3 Break with the church ..................................... 43 11.4.4 Open rebellion ........................................ 44 11.5 Trial for treason ............................................ 44 11.6 Execution ............................................... 45 11.7 Legacy ................................................. 46 iv CONTENTS 11.7.1 Political ............................................ 46 11.8 Revoking Riel’s conviction ...................................... 46 11.8.1 Historiography ........................................ 46 11.8.2 Commemorations ....................................... 47 11.8.3 Arts, literature and popular culture .............................. 48 11.9 See also ................................................ 49 11.10Footnotes ............................................... 49 11.11Further reading ............................................ 53 11.11.1 Historiography ........................................ 53 11.11.2 Primary sources ........................................ 54 11.12External links ............................................. 54 12 Gabriel Dumont (Métis leader) 55 12.1 Early life ................................................ 55 12.2 Resistance ............................................... 55 12.3 Later life ................................................ 55 12.4 Legacy ................................................. 56 12.5 See also ................................................ 56 12.6 Footnotes ............................................... 56 12.7 Further reading ............................................ 56 12.7.1 Primary sources ........................................ 56 12.8 External links ............................................. 57 13 Frederick Dobson Middleton 58 13.1 Military career ............................................. 58 13.2 Family ................................................. 58 13.3 References .............................................. 58 14 Pitikwahanapiwiyin 60 14.1 Name ................................................. 60 14.2 Biography ............................................... 60 14.2.1 North-West Resistance/Rebellion ............................... 60 14.2.2 Aftermath ........................................... 61 14.3 Legacy ................................................. 61 14.4 References ............................................... 61 14.5 External links ............................................. 62 15 Big Bear 63 15.1 Early life and leadership ........................................ 63 15.2 Historical context ........................................... 63 15.3 Conflict with other aboriginal tribes ................................. 64 15.4 Treaty 6 ................................................ 64 15.5 Life after Treaty 6 and the Trial of Big Bear ............................. 65 CONTENTS v 15.6 Legacy ................................................ 66 15.7 References .............................................. 66 15.8 Further reading ............................................ 67 15.9 External links
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