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A Survey of Race Relations in South Africa: 1961 A survey of race relations in South Africa: 1961 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.BOO19620000.042.000 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org A survey of race relations in South Africa: 1961 Author/Creator Horrell, Muriel Publisher South African Institute of Race Relations, Johannesburg Date 1962 Resource type Reports Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa, South Africa, South Africa, South Africa, South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1961 Source EG Malherbe Library Description Survey of race relations in South Africa in 1961 and includes chapters on: South Africa becomes a Republic and leaves the Commonwealth; Political Party developments; Demonstrations planned for the end of May; Unrest and disturbances; The Treason Trial; Attitudes of the churches to race relations; Work by lay organizations for better race relations;The population of South Africa, and measures for its registration and control; The African reserves; Administration of Africans in urban areas; The municipal franchise; General matters affecting Africans; General matters affecting Coloured people; General matters affecting Asians; Liquor; Group areas and housing; Employment; Education; Health and nutrition; Welfare; Recreation; Justice; External affairs; Some recent publications dealing with race relations; Legislation of 1961. Format extent 326 pages (length/size) http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.BOO19620000.042.000 http://www.aluka.org ONE RAND FIFTY CENTS - ONE RAND FIFTY CENTS - Compiled by MURIEL HORRELL SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS 19 61 _ _ _ _ _ 1961! J A SURVEY OF RACE IN SOUTH RELATIONS AFRICA 1961 Compiled by MURIEL HORRELL Research Officer South African Institute of Race Relations I SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS P.O. Box 97 JOHANNESBURG 1962 NOTE ON PERIOD COVERED It was stated, in last year's Survey, that it was for the year 1959-60, and that, in fact, it covered the period mid-November 1959 to mid-November 1960. A similar system had been followed in previous years. Some readers have said that they feel this method to be confusing. For this reason the present Survey is stated to be for the year 1961. As it was desirable to have it published by January 1962, however, it was impossible to include events that occurred during the last weeks of the year. Reports on any such events will be made in the next issue. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Once again the writer's very great appreciation is expressed to Dr. Ellen Hellmann, who gave gracious and invaluable help by reading the entire manuscript and making detailed suggestions for its improvement. Very grateful thanks are due, too, to Mrs. B. Y. Jordi who did the typing, Mrs. A. Honeywill who checked the proofs, and Mr. L. Reyburn who did some of the summaries of legislative measures and other matters that are included in the text. The writer is deeply indebted, also, to all those who supplied information on a variety of subjects, notably Mr. Dennis Brutus, Mr. G. J. Golding. Mrs. J. Kinghorn, Mr. J. C. M. Mbata. Miss M. McLarty, M.P.C., Mr. H. G. Oxley, Miss Sheila Robertson. Mr. F. J. van Wyk and the Venerable Archdeacon S. W. Wade. Members of the National Council of Women in Bloemfontein very kindly sent material on education; numbers of Members of Parliament helped by putting questions in the Assembly; Municipal officials sent details about housing schemes in their areas: officials of the Government Departments of Bantu Administration. Bantu Education, the Interior and Labour supplied information about the work of their Departments; and numerous trade unionists gave very willing help. To all these most grateful thanks are given. Finally, gratitude is expressed to the staff of the Institute's library, and to the officials of the Natal Witness (Pty) Limited. MURIEL HORRELL. CONTENTS Page SOUTH AFRICA BECOMES A REPUBLIC AND LEAVES THE COMMONWEALTH Significance of these events ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... 1 Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, No. 32 of 1961 ...... 1 Election of first President ... ... ....... ... ... .... ... 3 South Africa's withdrawal from the Commonwealth ......... 4 Prior statement by Dr. Verwoerd ................... 4 Events at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' conference ... 4 Consequences of South Africa's withdrawal ............. 7 Commonwealth Relations (Temporary Provision) Act, N o. 41 of 1961 ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... 7 Reactions in South Africa ... ... ... .... ... ... ....... 8 POLITICAL PARTY DEVELOPMENTS Nationalist Party ......... ........................ 9 Dissension within the Party ranks, and its temporary suppression ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... 9 Nationalists' bid for the support of English-speaking South A fricans ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... 13 Decision to hold a general election ................... 14 The National Union ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... 14 Conservative Workers' Party ... ... ....... ... ... .... ... 15 The United Party ...... ... ... ... .... ... ... ....... ... 15 United Party policy ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... 15 Election pact with the National Union ................ 17 The Progressive Party ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... 18 The Liberal Party ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... 18 Results of the general election ... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... 18 Coloured political organizations ... ....... ... ... .... ... 21 Disunity among Coloured people in the past ............ 21 Transvaal People's Organization ................... 22 Establishment of the Coloured National Convention ...... 23 Attitudes of Coloured people to the elections ............ 25 Results of the elections ........................ 26 African political organizations ... ... ....... ... ... .... ... 26 Renewal of the ban on the A.N.C. and P.A.C ........... 26 "All-in" conference ... ........................ 27 Award of Nobel Peace Prize to ex-Chief A. J. Luthuli ... 29 Indian political organizations ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... 30 The Federation of S.A. Women .......................... 30 iv A SURVEY OF RACE DEMONSTRATIONS PLANNED FOR THE END OF MAY Prelim inary planning ... ... ... ... ... .... 31 Action taken by the Government ....... 32 Statement by the Prime M inister . ........ ... ... 32 General Law Amendment Act, No. 39 of 1961 .......... Possible detention for twelve days without any charge having been proved ... ... ... ... ... ... Defence Amendment Act, No. 12 of 1961 .34 Defence Further Amendment Act, No. 42 of 1961 ... Police Amendment Act, No. 53 of 1961. ..............35 Banning of meetings during May and early June ......... Raids and demonstrations by the Police and Defence Force 36 The demonstrations ...................... .. 36 Aftermaths .................. .. .. 9 Lifting of the ban on public meetings .39 Fate of the leaders of the demonstrations . 39 Others who were detained .............. 41 UNREST AND DISTURBANCES THE TRANSKEI Violence that occurred between March and November 1960 42 Action taken by the Government ... ............... 43 Chiefs empowered to arrest White "agitators" ... 43 Regulations for the Transkei .... ....... ........ 43 Certain action taken under these regulations ......47 News to be reported through official channels only 47 Arrival of troops. and provision of body-guards foi Chiefs .... ....... ... ... ... ... ... .. 47 I hreatened dismissals. and banishment, 48 Further disturbances ....... ....... 48 ihe Ngqusa Hill inquest ..49 Trials resulting from the disturbances . 50 Gradual relaxation of restrictions .... 51 InvestigationsbytheGovernment 52 .\FTERMATH OF THE 1960 DISTURBANCES Persons detained under the emergency regulations.......... 52 Anniversary of Sharpeville and Langa ....... ... .. 53 Commissions of Enquiry into events at Sharpe ille and Langa 54 Claims for compensation ............... ..... 55 Indemnity Act,No.61 of 1961 .............. 55 Committee established to consider ex graiia payments ...... 56 Trials resulting from the declaration of a tate of emergency 56 Africans accused of incitement or public violence 56 Prosecution of the editors of certain journals .. 7 Aftermath of the Cato Manor murder' . 58 FURTHER UNREST AND DISTURB\NCES Zululand ... .... 59 Warmbaths 59 Mabieskraal ... 59 RELATIONS: 1961 Port E lizabeth ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Sekhukhuneland ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Unessa ... ... ... The Ku Klux Klan 60 ... 60 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... - 6 1 THE TREASON
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