I\~ ~~ " ,) , 6~ IndepE "i:l dent Board of Inquiry

P.D.Box 32293 Braamfonteln 2017 Johannesburg South Afl1ca Phone (011) 403-3256/7 Fax (011) 403-1366

Report for MAY 1993 v

BOARD MEMBERS: 0.. Aiel( SOIoine, Mn Judy Cholmers, Rev Dr Fronk Chikone, Dr Max Co/emon, M1 arion CUffin, Prof John Duggord, Mr s Sheena Duncon, Mr Peler Kelchoff, Mn.lydio Kompe, Mrs Emma fv\ashinini, Bf Jude PioIoISO, ArchbidlOP Desmond Tulu CONTENTS I, ~'

I. INTRODUCTION ...... 0 ••• 0 ••• 0 ••• 0 ••• • . 1 - 4 , II . STATE INSTITUTIONS

2.1 The South African Defence Force (SADF) 4 - 5

2.1.1 Joint Control of security Forces ...... 5 7

2. 1.2 Hilitary intelligence .....•...... 7 - 8

2.2 The South African Police (SAP) ...... 9 - 10

2 . 2 . 1 ApIa . . .•...... 1 0 - 13

2.3 The National Peace Accord ...... • . . . •... 14

III . RIGHT WING

3.1 Conservative Party ...... •...•...... 15 - 16

3.2 Afrikane r Volk sfront ...... •... •...... 16 - 18

3 . 3 Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging . .•••. . .•... 1 8 -2-

IV. THE GOLDSTONE COMMISSION

4.1 Train Violence ••.• .. •• •• ••••• . ..•.. . 19 - 20

V. ATTACK ON INDIVIDUALS ...... • ... •• . . .. 20 - 21

5.1 -Thumj- Padi and Nokuzola Neal a ...... 21 - 23

5.2 Joe slovo ....•. .•...... •.. . , ...••• .. . . 23 - 2 4

5.3 Chris Hani •• ...... •...... • _ ••.•.•... . 24 - 25

5.4 Dennis Makhanya . . . . • . ••. . • ....• • ...... 25 - 27

5.5 Solly Smith . .. .• ...... • ..•. . ... • ...... 27

5.6 Sydney Mufamadi ...... ••... . • ...... 28 - 29

VI .NATAL •••••• ...... 29

5 .1 Bhambayi ...... • . .• .. . ..••..•. .• ...• .. . . . 30

5.2 Edendale .• .• • ..• _. , _ ..•.••.. ... •.... • ...... 31

5.3 Xwamakhutla ••• .••• • 0 ••••••••• • • ••• •••••••• • 31 " 'J -3-

VII. REEF VIOLENCE

7.1 East Rand

7.1.1 Thokoza .. .. • ... •. 1 • ••• • • . •••••••••• • •••••• 32 - 37

7.2 Vaal .• . .. •. .. • .•. • • •• • ••• • •••• • •• • • .••.... 37

7.2 .1 Boipatong massacre ...... •...•...... 38 - 41

VIII. WESTERN TRANSVAAL

8.1 carletonville/Khutsong. . . • ...... 41 - 48

IX. WE STERN CAPE ... .•... • •...... • ...•.... 48 - 49

9.1 M~chael Mapongwana ...... ••. •• . ..• • .... 4 9 - 50

X. E-ASTERN CAPE AND BORDER ••.• ..• • .. .• .. . . 50 - 51

10.1 Ciskei ...... • .. '.' ...•...•...... 5 1 - 52

XI. CONCLUSION .. ...•...•...... _. 0 .... 52 - 53 I. INTRODUCTION: ,

Violence flared in the East Rand during Hay following an ANC march in Tilokoza. The Board believes that irrespective of the march past the Inkatha aligned hostel there was every likelihood that there was going to be an outbreak of violence in the area.

Violence has been simmering in the East Rand for months. Residents living opposite the Thokoza hostel came under attack for atten d i ng Chris Hani's funeral, others have been driven from their homes, residents have been forced to attend meetings in the hostel and to contribute money to bailout IFP members arrested by the SAP on murder, assault and firearm 'Charges .

A deep seated revenge element has entered the political arena in Thokoza and Xatlehong. After the shooting of 13 marchers on Saturday Hay 22, residents of the nearby Handela Squatter camp, which is ANC aligned, attacked the IFP dominated squatter camp called Crossroads. The attack was clearly one of revenge tor the shooting of ANC marchers. In the ensuing attack, several women and children were killed and houses set alight. Following this attack, Crossroads was reinforced by hostel dwellers staying at the Kwesine and Buyafuthi hostels in Katlehong. -2-

This joint force then attacked the residents of Havimbela section leaving chaos in their wake.

Later in the week at least two people identified as IFP members were burnt in ThokoZB . In a particularly gruesome act - s€veral residents of the Phola Park squatter camp kidnapped Julia Ht.shali an IFP leader from Ratlehong and burnt her . Some of her body parts were then allegedly used for muti (for ritual purposes).

The violen ce seems to f eed on itself and until such time as the police dnd court s are seen as institutions which put perpetrators of the violence behind bars, people will continue to take matters into their own hands.

A further disturbing development has been the violence perpetrated by the ANC branch executi ve committee (BEC) of Carletonville, Western Transvaal, on members of the ANC Youth League, ANe Women's League, members of the Congress of South African Students (Cosas) and r esidents .

Several members of the BEe including the chairperson, the deputy chairperson, the treasurer and a number of additional members have been implicated in acts of violence in the township. -3-

The Board is in posession of photographs and statements from people who have been attacked by the BEC. The local Khutsong police station has opened at least 25 cases ranging from murder, assault and arson in relation to allegations made against various members of the BEC. The situation in Xhutsong has been raised with both the PWV region of the ANC and the national office of the ANC as well with various peace structures.

The Board is particularly disturbed at this turn

of events . For two years the Board WdS instrumental in an investigation into the SAP in the area following numerous allegations of assault and extra-judiCial executions. The community's sense of justice and faith in the law was slowly being restored when the ANC BEC began attacking residents with apparent impunity.

The Board hdS met with the local station commander, and he has stressed the need for witnesses to come forward - until they do his hands are tied . The Board has undertaken to assist the SAP in trying to encourage people to come forward with evidence so that the attackers can be brought to book. However, a major concern for the Board is whether witnesses will be adequately protected should the matter come to court and the perpetrators given bail. -4-

Several people have already had their houses destroye'd in attacks following their public statements concerning the violence.

The on again off again meeting between IFP leader

Chief l111ngosuthu Buthele2i and AHe Pre~ident

Nelson l1andela is finally set to take place following the intervention of Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tu t u', The two leaders are scheduled to meet in Johannesburg on wednesday June 23 1993.

II". STAT-E INSTITUTIONS

2.1 South African Defence Force (SADF)

Three South African Defence Force (SADF) national servicemen two of them lieutenants - who were

stationed at 7 SA Infantry Battalion in Phalaborwa were arrested on Hay 16 1993 following a shooting incident where three passengers in a mini-bus including a five-year-old girl died and ·several others wounded. According to an eyewitnass, the soldiars opened fira on a mini-bus ta x i carrying 16 passengers between Graskop and Bushbuck Ridge. The mini-bus driver managed to get to a roadside shop at Inyaka where he sought help. - 5 -

The passengers were taken to the Hapulaneng hospital, in Bushbuck Ridge, by other members of the SADF who on arrival at the Inyaka shop were told that the people who had attacked the mini - b u s were allegedly soldiers .

2 . 1.1 Joint Control of security Forces

According to the Minister of Law and Ordez-, Hernus Kriel the government certainly has no interest in "joint control" of the security forces, but is wi l ling to bend on "joint

~upervi!Jion". Kriol, said that th$cQ would be no joint control over the security forces in SA and the government would retain control until po wer could be transferred to a new government. He further said that it was the responsibility of the government to maintain law and order, however, the government is prepared to carry out its task in consultation with other parties.

The Democratic Party argued in parliament that if the government persisted in soJe control, then any incidents involving the police during the elections process would be blamed on the police and the Hinister of Law and Order . - 6 -

Howevel~ , there do es s eem to b e p ro gre s s b e h i ~ d closed d oors on th e issu e o f incorp o r Bti n g a l l military and para-military f o rce s in SA. On /'1 a y 1 6 1993 Rapp o rt, an Afrikaa n s new spa per, c laime d the SADF and the AN C 's Umkh o nto we Sizwe we r e o n the verge of an agreement on a p o ssibl e me r g e r and that su c h a me rger could t ake pl ace within weeks.

An SADF spok e sperson wa s qu o t ed as sa yin g t hat "it was only logica l that chang e s in t h e SA DF would h a ve to be ma de and that a l l mil itary a nd para-military capabilitie s s h o ul d c o ns o l i d ated as soon as possible in the in terest o f p e a ce " . He further said that it wa s obvi o u s that t h e SADF would playa leading role· in this r eg ard.

However, Transkei military ruler, Bantu Holomi sB , said that it would b. 8suicide" f o r any liberation movement to agree to th e int e rgrati o n of its security forces with govern ment security forces before the election of a democraticall y elected governmen~. "They can work t o g ether in their different identitie s . As 101lg as t h e NP is in powe r, it is imp o ssible to a chi e v e intergration" . -7-

He further added that it was important to have joint control as opposed to intergrati o n, to ensure that they are not abused by their "masters",

2.1.2 Hilitary Intelligence

A major " dirty probe by General Pierre

Steyn, a man appointed by President De Kieck, to personify the new force, has hit a dead-end. This is s sign that De Kisck's efforts to revamp the image of the SAOF have encountered serious problems. Steyn the man with an untarnished image capable of leading the SADF into the future was appointed and given the task of cleaning up the SADF's Department of Hilitary Intelligence (DMI) . According to a Weekly Hail (21/05/9])

report Steyn's efforts have been sabo taged by police investigators working with him. The SAP, the report claims, is anxious to avoid scrutiny of a police role in "dirty tricks", and in particular of their cross links with DMZ covert operations.

Some of DMI's agents purged by De Klerk last year worked for the Directorate of covert Collections (DCC) , raided by Goldstone last November, and had close contact with Vlakplaas officers. -8- •• Operatives from both organisations have formed an association known as the Badger Unit. The badger was chosen as the organisation's emblem because of its reputation fo r cunning and ferocity.

Meanwhile the Goldstone Commissiop is continuing to investigate the links between DMI activity and

public · viole~ce. According to Goldstone, General Steyns investigation is not conclusive . The DMI operatives purged by De Kieck, claimed that the failure to expose DNI "dirty tricks", wa s because of their non-existence, rather than a skilled cover-up.

2.2 South African Police (SAP)

The Commonwealth observer mission report on violence i n South Africa, commended the

professional manner ill which the SAP has been investigating the murder of Chris Hani. However

~ the report criticised the solution level for

violent crimes against black people as

~intolerably low. R

.B""!..!is.,i",","e"scs"--~D,,-,aCYY ( 2 5 \ 0 5 \ 9 3 ) , rep 0 r ted that 2 466 members of the force had been dismissed for

criminal and fraudulent act~vities. -9-

The number of police men a nd women that have become victims o f violence has risen dramatically. During the 1970's, one policeman was killed on average every month. This rose to two policemen murdered per month in the 1980' s . In 1991 the figure leapt to 13.4 per month and 19.1 p er mon th in 1992.

Although the mon thl y average ha s dropped this yeac, the government has promised to assist families of police men and women who have lost their lives. They are also co nsidering financial assistance for force members wh ose property has been damaged or destroyed, as a result of violence.

Th e increase in th e number of dttacks, fatal or otherwise, coupled with the traumati c condition s under wh ich many f orce members live and work has undoubtedly contributed to ri sing levels of s tress and pyschological problems . This is illustra ted by the high su~ciae statistics that have been released . since January 1992, 139 policemen have committed suicide . -10-

2.2.1 ~

Amidst claims from some polit i cal parties that the arrest of approximately 73 PAC leaders in Hay was noth~ng more than a fishing trip for the SAP. Kriel maintains that the arrests had the effect of thwarting planned Ap 1a attacks on police and civil i ans. The arrests have also allowed the SAP to gl ean val uabl e information which will assist the SAP i n its duty to protect the public against crime of any kind. Kriel insists that there was no political motive behind the arrests . Apparently sufficient prima facie evidence existed to arrest the PAC and Apla members for criminal activities .

A reliable government source said that key ministers taking part in the negotiating process were invol v ed in an urgent police briefing and planning session, where the political risks of the PAC raid wa s meticulously examined and evaluated.

According to Benny Alex ander, the raid had the effect of rendering the PAC unworkabl e. He claimed that the swoop was aimed at forcing the PAC out of negotiations, and since all the members of the PAC's negotiating team were wanted -}1- by the police, the PAC had no choice but to suspend its participation in the Multi-party, Negotiations Council.

The SAP's actions prompted widesprea d cri ti cism .

The ANC 's Cyril Ramaphosa, issued an unreserved 'hIarning to Kriel that South Africa IooIi11 not return to the dark days of jackboot rule and that Kriel, should resign or be dismissed.

The Democratic Party questioned the timing o f the arrests, which conveniently took place on the same day Kriel was defending his budget proposal in Parliament.

The fact tha t the arrests took place on the day of multi-party talks 'hIas attributed to delays in police ·procedures . The pot e ntial of an inciden t of thi s nature derailing or stalling important developments et the negotiation level is a fait accompli. It thel:elore seems strange that Xriel woul d see this mass arrest as purely a criminal matter, wi th no political implicati o ns.

This raid hes also brought in to question De Klerk' s role in decision making in relation to that.of the securocrats. - 12 -

State President F .W de Xlerk responded to the arrests by saying that he had been informed, but his approval had not been sought because the arrests were the result of routine police investigations and were not politically motivated.

However, ro~tine police procedure has resulted in only four of the 73 arrested, being charged with illegal possession of ammunition.

P.rior to the mass arrests police claimed to have made • major breakthrough in investigating "Apla's terror campaign".Eight alleged Apla task force members were arrested,in connection with the killing of a Tzaneen farmers wife. One of the group members Mbengeni Modau was killed in this attack .

According to SAP statistics, ~la can be linked to 50 attacks since January 1992. Eleven attacks this year and 39 attacks in '92. Of these 18 took place in the Transvaal, 11 in the Orange [rea

State and 21 in the Cape. Apla has claimed responsibility for at least ten of these attacks. -13-

The preliminary investigati c,n into ApIa activities, by the Goldstone commission in Har ch has l inked ApIa to 33 terror attacks in which 16 people were killed and se veral injured. The Comm i ssion also found ApIa involvement in at least 15 attacks on policemen and 13 att a.c ks on

farm houses. These include the King William' s Town Golf Cl u b and t h e Queenstown attacks.

ApIa claimed responsibility for the shooting in Eikenhof during Mar ch . However seven ANC members have been arrested in connection with this attack.

This raises the question of actual ApIa involvement in attacks for wh ich they have claimed responsibility . This claim of responsibility could serve to be po l itically strategic and e xpedient . Thus far the SAP have provided very little by way o f substantial evidence to support the ApIa claim. - 14 -

2.3 National Peace Accord (NPAl

According to National Peace secretariat chairperson, Antonie Gildenhuys, there has been a significant drop in levels of political violence, particularly in the number of death s .

In this report tabled in Parliament, he also said that ihe Hpoor rel a ti o nship H between the police and the black communities is changing for the better. The report highlighted the fact that police are prepared to act pragmatically as circums~ances require .

The National Peace Committe e issued a statement calling for an urgent meeting of the signatories to the September 91 National Peace Accord. The statement asked the signatories to recommit themselves to the Accord's aims and objectives.

III. RIGHT WING

3.1 Conservative Party

Dr Ferdi Hartzenberg was elected leader of the Conservative Party and successor to party founder Dr Andries Treurnicht. -15-

Hartzenberg, a former Minister of Education and training in the National Party government,, left the cabinet with Treurnicht :in 1982 when the National party split over the issue of powersharing.

Dr Willie Snyman known as a moderate in CP circles wa s elected as deputy leader. According to a CP insider Snyman was chosen to balance Hartzenberg's fire-brand image.

According to Hartzenberg, little would change in the party, under his leadership. However stronger links with other nations who wanted self determination would be sought. Many people ~xpect the CP, under the leadership of Hartzenberg, to swing even further to the right.

The CP is vehemently opposed to a unitary state and Hartzenberg has said that, every effort will be made to forge links with tIle homelands, like Bophuthatswana and Kwazulu .

The CP is determined to be part of the newly formed Volksfront and to work towards un ity among Afrikaners. -16-

3.2 Afrikaner Volksfront

The Afrikaner Volksfront was formally launched this month. In its attempt to link the majority of the rightwing organisations the Volksfront will press the government and the ANC to heed demands of the Afrikaners for self ~ determination. The primary objective of the Volksfront is to unify the Afrikaner nation behind its demand to establish a Volkstaat.

The Volkfront came about as a result of efforts ma"de retired defence force and police generals, formally known as the 'Committee of Generals'. The two most prominent figures in the Committee of Generals and the Volkstaat are General Tienie Groenewald (former HI) and General Constand Viljoen (former SADF Chief).

Ferdi Hartzenberg the CP's newly elected leader was elected as chairperson of the Volksfront's executive council. Other members include : Dries Bruwer (ep HP), Eugene Terre'Blanche (AWB), Prof Johan Schabort and Jaap Marais (HNP) . The IiNP however has withdrawn from the new formation. According to Jaap Marais, HNP leader, his party's policy on self determination could not be accommodated. - 17 -

The Front has called o n the government to slow down the pace of negotiations, to allow them time to consult with the uvolk u (the Afrikaner people).

Responses to the formation of the Afrikaner

Volksfront ha ve been varied, not a bl y within rightwing circles.

The Boerestaat Party announced' that it fully supported the Front, but distanced itself trom taking part in its activities. Boerestaat leader Robert van Tonder said that the BSP would onl y support the activities ot the Front it it denounced the negotiations process. He also said that he wou l d like to see the Front move away from racial discrimination and change its name to the Boere volkfront.

The BSP support's the front's potential as a recruiting body, especially within the security forces, but does not accept itself declared role as the overall co-ordinating body in the NAfrikaner struggle N for self-determination.

Afrikaner Volksunie (AVU) leader Andries Beyers has dubbed the CP dominated Volksfront as "racist N. -18-

Such criticisms suggest that the Volkstront's aim to unify the right and thereby present itself as 8 force to be reckoned with at the negotiating table may not be realised.

3.3 Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging

Dissatisfaction within the AWB ranks relating to the movement's policies as well as the behaviour of Eugene Terre'Blanche has led to the announcement by • former AWB colonel that he intends forming a breakaway armed grouping known as Die Boere Vrykorps.

IV. THE GOLDSTONE COnnISSION

4.1 Train violence

The Goldstone Commission's final report on tra in violence was published in Hay. The Commission found that train violence was inextricably linked to political violence and that there could be no separate approach to its solution. -19 -

The report also said a question mark hung over t h e in vol v emen t of a so - called Hthird forceR in train violence. The commission reported that pol i tical r ivalry bet we e n the ANC and IFP resulted in increased intolerance and enmity be tween t heir fo l lowe r s whi ch h ad spilled over to t ra i n vio l ence.

The Commission also found that there was no evidence that the ANC or I F P had actively encouraged the perpetration of train violence but recommended that both organisations educate their followers in political tolerance. The report reco mmended that att e mpts be made to involv~ hostel and township residents in joint forums to c r eate better understan ding an d to a d dress their negative perceptions of each other .

According to the Commission the inC'resse in intoleranC'e and enmity between the AHC and IFP fol l owers was a msjor C'ontributing faC'tor to the train violenC'e.

An interim report published by the commis sio n in July last year stated that whenever a group of attaC'kers were ide ntified they t urned out to be hostel dwellers, mainly Zulu-speakers, traditionally linked to the IFP . -20-

The final report, however, said: -There is no foundation for any finding that hostel residents were mainly responsible tor the attacks on commuters. It is clear that attacks emanate from the hostels as well as froJ townships. Township residents are regarded as ANC members and Xhosa-speakers".

The report also said that only 4\ of all reported train violence incidents held resulted in succ.essful prosecution. Due to complex circumstances under which this type o f violence was perpetrated, the committee could not agree that the police were not serious in their efforts to stop it.

V. ATTACKS ON INDIVIDUALS

Since the assassination ot Chris Hani, several hit lists bearing the names of ANC activists have come to light. The most recent being a list issued by a man in De Aar, northern Cape, in the name ot the ultra-rightwing organisation Wit Wolwe. The man who distributed the hit list Edward Visagie was arrested and charged with intimidation and is currently out on bail of R300. -21-

In the Western Cape, several yo·uth leaders have received threatening phone calls from a group identifying themselves as ~57 retired SADF officers~. The group has been phoning ANC leadership figures in the Cape saying that they will avenge every white death by killing an ANC leader. Those targeted include SACP chairperson Joe Slovo, Winnie Mandela, Youth League leader Peter Mokaba and ANC International Affairs chief Thabo Mbeki.

The IFP have also asked the Goldstone Commission to investigate th~ "serial ki11ingH of IFP members. Inkatha has furnished the CQmmission with a list of more than 200 Inkatha officials and members who are alleged to have been murdered since the signing of the Pe ace Accord.

5.1 Ithume1eng "ThumiH Padi and Nokuza1a Neala

Three policemen were exonerated from criminal liability arising from the death of Umkhonto we Sizwe cadres Thumi Padi and Nakuzola Neala in May 1991. Johannesburg inquest magistrate III Batha rejected claims that the two had been killed Hexecution style" but criticised the way in which the matter had been investigated . -22-

Padi dnd Ncalo were in a bacl

Botha found that Lieutenant H Havenga,

Warrant - offi cer H Schoeman and Sergeant D Knoetser had announced that they were pol i c e officers and had banged on the door which wa s then unlocked. Botha als o found that I'a d i and Hca10 had both dre s s ·ed when inf o rmed that t he police were outside. Counsel for the family, Gy s Rautenbach, p Ointed out to the c ourt that Padi had applied for indemnity and that Padi's father , had been detained and t ortured and had been told b y the police that they intended to kill his son.

Botha said the investigation of the incident had been weak and that the investigating o ffi cer Cons t able AG Ntsele had not bothered reading the ballistic report. There had also been problems regarding the statements - at the time when the inquest began statements had not been obtained from the home owner where the incident t oo k pla ce nor from a Major Maritz. Statemen t s mad e by til e pol i ce, involved in the shooting, we l' e ma de a n d only certified la ter wh i l e th e defendants we r e not present . -23-

Police claim they shot Padi 'when he tried to throw a hand grenade at them which failed to detonate as the split-pins broke off . The court said it had to be taken into account that the police had received information that Padi could have been in possession of an AK 47 rifle and a rocket launcher.

Counsel for the family are to request the AG to prosecute the three policemen involved in the shooting.

5.2 Joe slovo

In early May, The Star newspaper revealed an alleged plot to assassinate SACP chairperson Joe Slovo. Hungarian, Peter Slovac, a police informant claimed that he had been asked to take part in a plot to kill Slovo . He claims he went to the police with the information as he was aware that Hthis was the wrong thing to do". Slovac informed the police that Slovo was to be shot from an SADF tower atop the ObserVatory ridge from where his house is clearly visible. Slovac was supposed to drive the getaway car. - 24'-

Fol l o wing publication of the alleged plot in the

newspapers, Slovo slammed th~ SAP saying that the first he ever heard of the plot was from a journalLst. The police have denied this saying

they offered Slovo protecti~n which he allegedly turned down. , Following the initial reports on the plot, John Beck a Johannesbur g bus i nessman was named as the man who was to pull the trigger . He wa s subsequently arrested by the police and held under section 50 of the Criminal Procedure Act. Beck appeared in court on Hay 17, no charges were put to him. During a second appearance on May 23 B'eck was ordered· to undergo 30 days mental observation follo wing undi sputed evidence by a psych i atrist of a personality disorder which causes Beck to fantasise. ,

The case was postponed to June 24 1993.

5.3 Chris Hani

The SAP have claimed that there is no evidence to suppor t theories of a widespread right-wing conspiracy behind the Slaying of SACP

general-secretary Chr~s Hani. Police spokesperson Brigadier Frans Nalherbe said the murder and th e -25-

conspiracy were committed by individuals with right-wing sentiments.

Conservative Party official and President's Council member Clive Derby-Lewis, his Australian born wife Gaye and Polish-born Janus Waluz were formally charged with the Hani murder on Nay 21 1993. All three will appear in the Rand Supreme Court on June 23 1993 .

5.4 Dennis Makhanya

Thokoza ANe Ci vic branch treasurer Dennis

~Dan~ Makhanya was abducted on Tuesday Hay 25 1993 on his way to work. His body was subsequently found by his wife on Thursday Nay 27 at the Germiston mortuary. According to at least three witnesses who were in the taxi at the time of Hakhanya's abduction the driver of the vehicle decided to use the road past the Thokoza hostel

(Khumalo Street) a scene of continued viol e n c e since the aborted ANC march on Saturday Nay 22. Nakhanya remonstrated with the driver saying i t was not a safe route. He was allegedly told to "shut-up" . The driver was then forced to drive into Hostel number two by hostel dwellers standing at the gate. -26-

All the passengers were ordere d out of the vehicle there were 10 women and six men . The women we re allowed to leave after a lengthy argument. Makhanya tried to follow the women into the taxi but was stopped. This was the last time he was seen alive . One of th e woman claimed that she' hear.d a hostel dweller say when he sa w Hakhanya, that Hthey had their tresh meat for the dayN.

The identity of the other five male passengers is not kn o wn and there is every possibility that they too were killed and their bodies dumped o u tsid, e the hostel.

The Board along with the Thokoza Civic Association (TOeA) had at least nine meetings with the 1 Deal police and the head of the political and violent crime unit in the area regarding the Thokoza ho stel We requeste d on more than one occasion that QQLy empty taxis be allowed to go into the hostel. Hakhanyd is not the fir st victim. Early last year the Board requested the local station commander to search the ho stel after r eceiving information that 8 resident of Phola Park had been abducted. We were informed tlla t only the Internal Stability Unit (ISU) had the manpower to search th e hostel. -27-

Following the search which took hours to organise, the person we had reported abducted was found dead inside the hotel.

5 . 5 Solly Smith

AHe intelligence officials have been called in too investigate the mysterious death of Solly smith, the ANC's former chief representative in London and self-confessed spy. (Smith allegedly reported to his seniors that he had been a governmen t spy). AHe officials suspect that he may have been killed by state agents because of wh at he had discovered about covert operations.

AHe spokesperson Ronnie Hamoepa said that Smith had approached the organisation voluntarily and Nadmitted he had been compromised and coerced into working for the regimeN.

The German magazine TOp Secret recently speculated that Smith had been killed because he intended disclosing details of Hilitary Intelligence activity. The magazine indicated

that Smith's death might have been linked to the assassination of SACP leader Chris Hani. - 28-

5.6 Sydney Mufamadi

The soweto home of ANC National Executive member Sydney Mufamadi was attacked by arsonists on May 18 causing damage estimated af R1000. Mufamadi's wife Nomsa and their 12 year-old daughter we re asleep in , the house at the time .

On May 19, a car belonging to Mufamadi was petrol bombed. According to Mufamadi's brother, the family was watching television at 23hOO when they heard a thud on the roof. He rushed outside and saw smoke pouring from the garage roof. When the garage door was opened the car inside was on

fire. The blaze was' extinguished and no one was injured.

The aforementioned attae,ks, follow a hoax pager message in April, claiming that Mufamadi had been shot . This message was relayed shortly after the assassination of Chris Hani and could hav e increased the rising tide of anger and vi o lence which accompani e d the murder of Hani.

In August 1 991 , Hufamadi's broth e r Lawren ce , an organiser of the National Union of Nineworkers (NUM) went missing . following a meeting in Johannesburg . He has not been seen since. - 29-

VI. NATAL

Lawyers for Human Rights (LHR ) criticised the release from prison of former KwaZulu Minister Samuel Jamil e under the Further Indemnity Act, claiming tha t he was freed i/) spite of having committed crimes without • political motive . Jamile (63) was granted amnesty as a political prisoner despite the finding of the trial judge that his deeds were not politically motivated.

The herbalist, politician and IFP central committee member was sentenced to life imprisonmant in 1991 for the murder of his former tenant, Joseph Khumalo and the attempted murder of Khumalo's fiance Thokozile Shabalala . Sources within the police allegedly told The Star newspaper that they were · shocked and disgusted H at his release. They felt sure it would deter witnesses fr om co-operating in similar trails in the future.

5.1 Bhambayi

Violence continues to flare in Natal. The conflict within the AHe continues to simmer in Bhamba y i squatter settlement, north of Durban. - 30- .

About 100 people ha ve died since the faction fighting began in November last year. The t wo factions call themselves the "Greens" and the NReds. N The ISU have been accused of being actively involved in the ~iolence. A recent meeting between the Greens, the Reds and the pol~ce has, led to a temporary withdrawal of the unit from the area. However, many residents acknowledge that the faction fighting began long before the ISU arrived in the area. Residents claim their are a myriad of reasons underlying the conflict, including political, criminal and economic. According to unrest monitor Roy Ainslee, as many as 90 percent of the able - bodied men in the community are unemployed. A mo r e controversial reason for the fighting is th a t there was a disagreement between two promin e nt ANe leaders over which Inyanga to use to fortify the community from occasional attacks by IFP supporters from the nearby Hshayazafe settlement.

5 . 2 Edendale

people, including a child died when two men allegedly dressed in SADF uniforms attacked a homestead in Edendale near Pietermaritzburg on Saturday Hay 15. -31-

Police allege that two men in balaclavas confronted resident s seated a fire at Sibiya's kraal i n Edenda1e's Zayeka are a at a b out 21hOO. They made their victims lie on the ground before shooting each one in the h ead with a 9mm pistol .

Four people were killed instantly and 5ifi so Hdl ela (12) died in hospital the following day. Police also found the body of a woman near the scene.

5.3 KWllmRkhueha

Fiv e other people were killed in Kwamakhutha in the Hakhazini area on t h e same night of the Edenda1e a ttack. Gunmen entered the Hkhize and Ngcobo home steads and opene d fire on the occupants killing Thithi Hkhize (35), Percy I1khize (13), Bonga Hkhi ze (13) Sane Hkhize (4) and Kheh1a Ngc obo (26) .

Police found empty . 303 and RI rifle cartridg es at the scene . There have been no arrests thus f ar . - 32-

VII. REEF VIOLENCE

7.1 East Rand

7.1.1 Thokoza

The ' march J that sparked the violence in the East Rand was not well organised. Local structures in the area were not consulted and as a result very few local leadership figures attended the march on 22. There were not enough marshalls and proper precautions such as disarming people at the stadium were not followed.

There was not an adequate police or army presence despite the fact the latter have a support base (Steenpuntj in Thokoza. The Board believes that although the march was not aimed at the hostel, it was quite clearly perceived that way by the majority of hostel dwellers. When the hostel dwellers saw an armed group approaching the hostel they anticipated an attack. The leadership of the march were powerless when it came to controlling the armed Phola Park protesters. When the leadership called f o r the march to halt approximately 100m fr o m th e host e l -33-

entrance in order to talk to the police and the peace monitors the people of Phola Park immediately accused the leadership of cowa rdice and surged forward. It is distinctly possible that elements within the hostel and wi thin the Phola Park group intended battling it ou t and there were certainly tensions in the area prior to the march. For example during the week leading up to the march residents of Phola Park and IFP hostel dwellers clashed outside the Rand Supreme Court where Phola Park resident Mi c hael Phams i s standing trial for the massacre of IFP marchers in Thokoza on SeptQmbec 8 1991.

Marchers claimed that they and the hostel dwellers exch anged insults and then shortly after that the first shots were fired. Marchers also claim that there were sn ipers on the rool of the hostel. They alleged that while they were marchin g they were only aware of three casspirs in close proximity of the march. Two were statione d in front of the march and one behind. A ccordin g to eyewitnesses it was only after the initial exchange of gunfire between the marchers, the hostel dwellers and tlle police, that reinforcements from the ISU arrived from the direction of Alberton. - 34-

Host disturbing for the Board was the television footage taken on the day which clearly showed members of the ISU throwing stones at the marchers . At the end of the day, 13 people lay dead and scores were treated for birdshot wounds

a t the Natalspruit Hospi t al. Most were allegedly shot in the legs. Between 14 and 15 youths allegedly sustained birdshot wounds to the head.

Since the march most peace monitors independent and ptherwise have been merely "fire fighting". On Monday May 24, there were several "drive by shootings" in Thokoza, involving a black Mercedes with tinted windows wh i ch allegedly belongs to the Thokoza Taxi Association's Chairperson piet Mbele. Other cars implicated in the shooting at Nkaki Street in Thokoza, were a metallic green BMW and a powder blue Cressida.

Following this particular incident the Boards' vehicle was fired on in Schoeman Stre et by members of the local taxi association who were driving • beige Toyota Cress ida - MJB 9Q6T . The Board researchers stopp~d the car and saw members of the taxi association attempt to shoot two youths who had their hands above their heads . The Board then called in the SADF and they dealt with the situation. -35-

On Mond ay May 2 4, student s were shot at while travelling between Pilot and Lindela Stations.

Se veral were injured. Ticket offices at both stations were subseq uent ly burn t down.

In Katlehong, a Putco ti c ket bus and tow truck were se t alight . wellington Hteyi, an organiser with the AHC PWV, was shot i n the arm and Judy Mobi, an AHC marshal, wa s shot in the leg, when hostel dwellers manning a roadblock in Katlehong opened fire on the car having identiried the occupants as ANC members.

On Tuesday Hay 25 - Piet Hbele (chairp erson o f the taxi association) was g unn ed down. He was allegedly seen earlier in the week by an AHC marshal, driving a vehicle f rom whi ch shots were fired. (see page 34)

Also on Tuesday, follo wing the shoot ing of a policeman in Phola Park the police, in particular th e ISU, opened fir e indiscrimina tely on the squatter camp. The Board took one victim, Freeman Hdelele, to the Union Hospital in Alberton . He was shot in the leg. The wound was n ot serious. - 36-

On Tuesday Hay 25 an ANC meeting held at the Hohaung Lower Primary school was disrupted when a hand grenade was thrown onto the roof. As the people attending the meeting rushed outside, one person was shot in the arm. ,

A Pu"tco bps and truck carrying bricks wa s also set alight on the main road passing Phola Park.

What concerns the local community and the Board is t~at while we condemn the indiscriminate killings of policemen we do not understand why a life of a policeman is more imp ortant than the lives of the 60 civilians who have been killed on the East Rand since Hay ' 22.

On Thursday Hay 27 - the Board was informed o f an incident in Tsotetsi Street, Thokoza. On arrival a t the scene the Board found a burnt corp se of a young man. We were informed by members of the community that the man had been shot and burnt because he was believed to be an IFP member and had shot • woman earlier. The Board informed Peace Accord monitors who then cordoned off t he Brea. A low intensity war is still clearly visible in the area. Deaths are occuring every day and residents fear aurying their dead in case it may spark off an attack. -37-

As a result at least 20 bodies a r e lying unclaimed at the Germiston mortuary. This is despite ofters from church organisations to assis t with the burials.

7.2 ~

Hardly a week passes without residents of Sebokeng, Sharpeville, Boipatong or Bophelong being prosecuted for illegal possession of rifles, AK47's, pistols and ammuniti on .

Another feature within the broader pattern of violent destabilisation in the Vaal seems to be the targetting of known ANC members in the area. Lt is alleged that a band o f former policemen, who had been driven from Sebokeng last year in the wake ot the Boipatong massacre, and criminals perversely calling themselves CODESA, are responsible for these attacks . Hajor VBn Deventer, police spokesman confirmed the existence of the gang, but said that there wa s no proof that ex-poli cemen belonged to it . ~.. ., -)8-

7.2.1 Boipaconq massacre

Thirty two KwaHadala Hostel inmates, facing 45 counts of murder, resulting from the killing of 46 Boipatong residents on the .;17 June last year, appeared before Mr Justice Smit in the Delmas Circuit Court .

Survivors recounted to the court how their families were attacked. A moment of high drama was reached when a witness positively identified one of the accused (I'I)(01i5en1 Hkhiz e) as his alleged attacker on the night of June 17.

The trial took another dramatic turn, when a police lieutenant told the court his senior had ordered the destruction of eight 9mm bullet shalla and heads found at the scene of the massacre. Lieutenant D.C van der ,.,eewe told the court he was at the sebokeng mortuary on June 18, when a police woman gave him five bullet shells and three undamaged bullet heads. Another constable who was at the mortuary to identify a corpse told him that the shells and heads were found by a witness to the murder of three family members at Hlubi Street in Boipatong. Earlier in the case, a survivor whose mother-in-law and sisters-in-l aw were killed, -39- i tol d the court that she found eight bullet shells and heads in the house that night.

Van der Merwe handed the remains to the Vereeniging police, where they were recorded in the SAP 13 book. subsequently a police report book showed that the shells and heads were destroyed on November 20 last year at the instruction of a Major van Wyk. He had since retired from the SAP.

~s far as van der Merwe knew the shells and heads wpre not subjected to ballistics test, for if they had this would h~ve been vaJuabJe evidence.

During the in-camera trial the state witness, a former resident who lived at the hostel at the time of the massacre, identified 30 of the accused as being involved in the Boipatong massacre. He said that he had attended a meeting two weeks prior to the massacre at which hostel residents were told to get ready for a rally on the night of the 17th June 92.

At this meeting the men were addressed on the need to prepare themselves for an attack . The reason for the attack was to take revenge on the comrades for previous attacks against the hostel. -40-

At this meeting, hostel residents asked for firearms and were told they could put their names on a list as they left the meeting. The court heard tha t weapons were kept in a hostel storage room. On that fateful night t p e wi tness claimed that his cor was used to transport weapons . An inyanga, Hthwana Prince Zulu, was accused by the witness of handing out white headbands to hostel inmates before they carried out the attack and of preparing ntelezi (a muti drink), which was meant to make them brave and protect them from bullets. Describing the attack in Boipatong, the witness said "comrades" were given weapons by one of the accused, before heading toward Boipa tong. They f ired on township "com~ades", then proceeded down Lekoa street breaking windows and shooting in to house s .

The court was also informed by the witness that the IFP' s Humphrey Ndlovu and Themba Khoza had allegedly told KwaHadala hostel inmates to burn everything they had looted at Boipatong during the attack. Khoza and Ndlovu al'legedly addressed a meeting at the hostel after a police raid on June 18 and told people present to burn all clothes that had blood on them. -41-

As a re sult of the eviden c e presented by Lt van der Herwe, the Goldstone Commission is to consider re-opening its inquiry into the Boipatong massacre . Evidence concerning the bullets an d. shells WBS not placed before the commission, since the l eading of evidence had been completed before November 20.

Th e trial c ontinues.

V III. WESTERN TRANSVAAL

8 . 1 CarletonvillelXhutsonq

Back g round :

Th e Independent Board o f Inquiry (IBI) has been working in Khutsong for almost three y ears . We were calle d into the area in early 1991 by the local ANC branch to ass i st in a peace initiative between two warr ing factions in the township n amely the ·Zim- Zims· and the HGaddafi's·. With the help of ANC PWV regional organisers, the local branch and ourselves we managed to bring peace to Khutsong in April 1 991 . -42-

The Board tried to show the community t ha t in-fighting was assisting only one party - the SAP. Between 1990 and 1 991 at least 17 youths were killed by members of the SAP in the area. At , least four of those were killed in custody . There were countless allegations of torture and the Board assi s ted the community in laying charges against the SAP . After months of public pressure

the SAP decided to investigate. All in all 100 Cdses were investigated . Thirteen policemen were suspended in July and August of 1991.

After almost two years of peace, the Board has

once a~ain been called In to assist with a crisis in Khutsong. On Janu a ry 20 1993 - t he Board s e n t a

fax to the ANC PWV general s e cretary Paul l1ashatiele pointing out our concerns about

Khutsong and the newly ~elected" ANC branch committee .

2. Current situation:

Ever since the election on Sunday January 17 - trouble has been simmering be t ween members o f Cosas, the ANCYL and the new branch committee.

Branch committee member~ allegedly assaulted at least three women and various students in the area on the day of the election. This resulted in the students attacking members of the committee -43- (

in the Crossroads squatter ~amp. Th e Board subsequently received several reports on assaults taking place in the township and residents were complaining, saying they had been assaulted by the ANC chairperson in the area and others at a spot known as the Nfreedom tree."

Of particular concern is that ANe executive members a re implicated in at least eight murde r s and numerous assaults.

In tha case of the deputy chairperson -he has

recently been charged with murder. H. is currently out on bail of R400. He wa s allegedly found in possession of the dead youth's ring.

The Board has a number of statements detailing various assaults, which are available, but which

we would prefer to withold at this time, as residents who have been vocal about the alleged atrocities committed by the ANC BEC of the area have been killed and their homes burnt.

However, there is one case which can be highlighted; that of ABBL "NGIIIfS" lfOTSWAESANE (18). Notswaesane was killed on Nay 23 allegedly by members of the BEC. He was hit on the -44-

head wit.h a pick axe. When ho was taken to his parent.s home he was bleeding profusely from the nose mout.h and ears. He was t.aken to hospit.al but never regained consciousness.

Prior to the above attack Motswaesane had been attacked ~n, March 13 1993. Motswaesane was at the Crossroads squat.ter camp when he sa w a group of people at the "freedom" tree. The group were in possession of pangas, sjamboks and knobkerries . Motswaessne was asked to come nearer. He was then sjambokked from t.he head down and told to reveal the names of the youth who had attended a meeting earlier in the day to discuss t.he assaults at the "tree. H

"They then took me to Mbulelo School where I found another group of people . .. . We were then taken to the " tree H not far from the cemetery. I realised at this point that people who had been fetched from school were " Blackie H "Matoto" and "Mothebedi". We were all questioned by David (Mbele) ( ANC deputy chair) and Mshukumisa (Ntset.e) (ANC chair) who acted as judges. We were questioned about the proceedings o f the previous meeting" . -45- (

UI told them that the meeting was f or the youth

and not adults. I was then ~clappedH (slapped) and beaten with a knobkerrie. We were told by another member of the BEC tha t in f uture if we have meetings we should invite them H.

On Wednesday Hay 26, the Board went out to Khutsong following reports of arson and attacks on individuals, particularly members of the ANCYL and Casas, by members of the ANC branch executive and their cohorts. The Board was informed that Dan Ndzeku (The former ANC branch secretary), Nonzima Cebisa and various other people were going to be killed by the current BEC.

According to members of the SAP, they picked up two more bodies on Tuesday (25/5). One at 10hOO and one at 15h15 in the vicinity of Crossroads. Both have yet to be identified.

According to Lt Germishuizen, the Khutsong Station Commander, a special task force from Potchefstroom under Lt Van Zyl has been appointed to investigate the spate of murders, attempted murders, assaults, rapes and arson in the area. The common denominator being that compl ainant s have identified BEC members as being involve~ - 46- ",-, in all of the above.

Germishuizen has requested that the Board assist the SAP in encouraging witnesses to come forward . He sa i d the biggest Pfoblem facing the SAP at the moment is that witnesses .gre too scared to testify.

On Friday May 28 the Board received a call from a member of the ANCWL informing us that members of the BEC were hunting for three Casas leaders, namely 80nakele Siko NSparksR, L ehlohonlo Motsete

.. The Black " and James M.sbitle. All three have been very vocal about the atrocities committed by the BEC in the name of the AN C.

On May 29, an 11K member originally from Khutsong, who recently died of Malaria in a cltmp in T anzania was buried. Several members of MK attended the funer al in uniform . The BEC arrived and confiscated the combat uniforms and then atta cked the kombi the HK people were travelling in.

Motswaesane, who was allegedly attacked by the ANC BEC i n Khutsong on May 23 19 93, was buried on S.Bturday June 5. The Inourners at his fun era l, particularly women and children, were attacked - 47- ( after the f u neral by members of the ANC BEC. One woman was beaten with an iron bar on the stomach and her left side. She recognised two o f her attackers.

A second woman was also attacked on Saturday and sustained injuries to her right s id •. She fell over while trying to r un away and injured her arm . She claims that over 20 people were injured on Saturday, the vast majority being women.

A third woman hacked on the head with a pangs. All the women believe ehey were attacked beca u se they attended Hotswaesane's funeral.

Hembers at the BEC called for a stayaway, on June 8. They allegedly dug trenches around the Crossroads squatter camp so that people could not leave the area. The stayaway was called so that ehe BEC could conduce house to house searches for COSBS and ANCYL members. The BEC alleges tha t these members have been involved in crimes.

On June 9, several Khutsong residents came to the ANC's national offiae in Johannesburg and presented a memorandum where they called for the (, ....-. disbanding of the BEC and an independent inquiry into the atrocities committed by the BEC. The residents have given the national otfice until the end of June to deal with the situation, failing which they have threatened to return their member~hip cards.

The situation is still tense in the area wi th assaults continuing on a daily basis. Residents charged R5 for muti, as well as having to contribute to bail when members of the BEC or their cohorts are arrested . Other people are forced to pay rent to the BEC for shacks in the Crossroads settlement. Failure to comply results

~n your ~h~ck beiny burnL .

IX. WESTERN CAPE

Two schoolchildren were killed and two injured in the Cape Peninsula township of Guguletu on Thursday May 13 during B skirmish with police. The students were protesting against exam fees. Violence erupted in the township when pupils started stoning cars and erecting bur/ling barricades. According to Casas regional publicity secretary Ndoda Ngemntu, drivers wh ose cars were stoned or torched sho uld walk away from the scen e to escape injury. - 4 9- ( -It is only arrogant drivers that are going to get hurt. They can take the keys of the car or

truck and leave us with the property. WQ WO/I't harm them~ .

There have been a number of stoning incidents on the highway to the airport, vehicles have been stoned and many motorists have been injured. The ANC in the region has appealed to people involved in the stoning of cars on the highway to stop.

9 .1 Michael Hapongwana

Having r econ vened in the Wynberg Regional Court, the inquest into the death of civic leader and AHe activist Michael Mapongwana was postponed to June B after a key witness failed to appear in court for a second time. Hapongwana, chai rp erson of the Weste r n Cape Civic Association (WCCA) and a leading figure in attempts to to solve the bloody western Cape taxi feud, was shot dead in a taxi-war related attack in Lansdowne Road, Philippi on July 9 1991. It had been th e third attempt on his life in 48 hours .

The witness, who may not be ide ntified by order of the court also failed to attend proceedings on

Mar c h 9 and his attorney informed the COllct th~t he had refused to testify . A warrant for his ,.. -50-

arrest, held over from March 9, was issued by Magistrate SL van der Walt .

X. EASTERN CAPE AND BORDER

There has been conflicting reports surrounding the grenade blast in Kimberley that left one person dead and over 50 injured on Hay 25. A JDO strong ANC crowd began dispersing after handing over a memorandum to a local SAP commander . .Accord.ing to a security guard, the grenade came from the crowd and ricocheted off his cheek . The SAP allege that the Russian made device wa s thrown by a black man at the edge of the crowd.

The ANC and the ANCYL claim that the grenade was thrown by a white man who was standing amongst the police . The police were also condemned for using live ammunition and birdshot at the fleeing crowd. Among those injured were an 11 year old boy, members of the regional ANC, a National Peace Secretariat member and a member of the UN observer mission .

Three men brandishing AK47's, a grenade and teargas burs t into the Highgate Hotel in East London o n Hay 1 killing five people and injuring several others . Azanla, the military wing of the Azanian people'S Organisation (AZAPO) claimed responsibility for the attack. - 51 - (

The police however have linked this attack to previous attacks in King William's Town and Fort Beaufort, attacks which APLA have claimed responsibility for. A gang of four to five people are being sought in connection with this attack .

The inquest into the death of Hatthew Goniwe and three other activists, has been postponed, pending President De Klerk's decision on a request by Colonel Lourens du Plessis for indemnity. Colonel du Plesis was responsible for drafting the controversial signal that ordered Goniwe's "permanent removal", under orders from General Van der Westhuizen. Du Plessis indicated that once given indemnity he may give what could be vital evidence to the inquest.

10.1 Ciskei

The Ciskei Council of State presided over by the homeland's leader, Oupa Gqozo, has granted unconditional indemnity from prosecution to 69 members of the Ciskei security force and ANC leader Ronnie Kasrils, who faced imminent charges of murder, attempted murder and culpable homicide, arising from the Bisho massacre on the September 7 1992. The ANC condemned the Council of State's reasoning that the prosecution would -52-

impact negatively on the multi - party negotiations . The organisation warned that Ci skei Defence Force members could f ace future p rosecution .

The ruling is likely t o be ~ challenged as a contravention of the Ci skei 's Bill of Rights.

The Wee k ly Nail (21-27\5\92), suggested that prosecuti o n could have resulted in an army mutiny and ,Gqozo would n o t have forgott en that his predecessor, Lennox Sebe, was ou st ed by a small number of dis gruntle d officers.

The paper reportered that Gqozo had assured the CDF that no soldiers would face charges,

XI. CONCLUSION

The Board wo uld like to express its hope that the apparent lack ot media attenti o n in the ongoing Boipa tong trial, an atrocity that albeit temp orarily derailed the negotiations process, is not indicative ot their commitment to see justice served .

The moot question with regard to the abd uct ion and s ubsequent murder of Thokoza ANC treasurer, Dan Makhanya, is whether quick intervention by the security forces could have sav~d his life, -53- thereby ste mming the retaliatory circle of violence which resulted from his death . Residents of black townships have very little faith left in the security forces a nd the processes of law . The SAP ' s claim of wanting to foster better relationships with these residents needs to be seen and not just h ea rd. The Board, together with the local civic , have held to date nine meetings wi th the SAP. The aim being to address the alleged ongoing abductions of local residents into the hostels. One of the suggestions was, only empty taxis be allowed to enter the confines of the hODtc1. Thio Du ggcDtion waD meant to act as a ueterent as well as a safety mechanism against such abductions into the hostels .

The Board also expresses the hope that the ANC leadership , both regional and national, urgently address the crisis in Car1etonvi11e. It is unacceptabl e that a local branch of the ANC is allowed to committ atrocities in the organisations name with apparent impunity. Collection Number: AG2543

INDEPENDENT BOARD OF INQUIRY (IBI) Records 1989-1996

PUBLISHER: Publisher:- Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand Location:- Johannesburg ©2012

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