Sixth International Conference on Sport and Society Sport in the

30-31 JULY 2015 | UNIVERSITY OF | TORONTO, | SPORTANDSOCIETY.COM Sixth International Conference on Sport and Society

“Sport in the Americas”

University of Toronto | Toronto, Canada | 30-31 July 2015

www.sportandsociety.com

www.facebook.com/SportAndSociety.CG

@sportandsoc | #SportandSoc Sixth International Conference on Sport and Society www.sportandsociety.com

First published in 2015 in Champaign, Illinois, USA by Common Ground Publishing, LLC www.commongroundpublishing.com

© 2015 Common Ground Publishing

All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purpose of study, research, criticism, or review as permitted under the applicable copyright legislation, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. For permissions and other inquiries, please contact [email protected].

Designed by Ebony Jackson Cover image by Phillip Kalantzis-Cope Sport & Society sportandsociety.com

Dear Delegate,

Welcome to the Sixth International Conference on Sport and Society. The conference and its associated journal were created to explore the connections between sport and its broader context, addressing, amongst other things, the organizational, educational, technological, ethical, and political relationships between sport and society.

This year, we are exploring the special focus, “Sport in the Americas,” with the conference held in parallel to the Pan-American Games. Often, “America” is taken to mean the , to the neglect of the other countries represented at the games. Accordingly, in addition to the general, international themes for the conference, this year’s area of special focus relates to the rise and development of sport in the Americas, with a particular focus on the states, , and . This is an under-researched area, which deserves deeper investigation. The Pan-American Games are in Toronto at the same time as the Sport and Society Conference, bringing people from the whole of the Americas to a single event. This provides an opportunity to open up to the rest of the academic world to the vast array of research that is being undertaken by scholars of sport in the Caribbean, South America, and Central America.

In addition to organizing the International Conference on Sport and Society, Common Ground publishes articles from the conference, and we encourage all conference participants to submit an article based on their conference presentation for peer review and possible publication in the journal. We also publish books in both print and electronic formats.

Thank you to all who have put such a phenomenal amount of work into preparing for the Sport and Society Conference. I am particularly thankful for the efforts of my Common Ground colleagues, especially Rachael Arcario and Monica Hillison.

We also hope you will join us next year in Honolulu, USA, 2-3 June 2016 at the University of Hawaii at Manoa to continue this multifaceted conversation and to contribute your own unique perspective to our annual themes and the 2016 special focus–Leisure, Play, Action: Ecological Awareness in Sport.

We wish you all the best for this conference, and hope it will provide you every opportunity for dialogue with colleagues from around the corner and across the world.

Yours sincerely,

Kimberly D. Kendalll, PhD

Host, Sport and Society Knowledge Community Program Development, Common Ground Publishing | About Common Ground

Our Mission Common Ground Publishing aims to enable all people to participate in creating collaborative knowledge and to share that knowledge with the greater world. Through our academic conferences, peer-reviewed journals and books, and innovative software, we build transformative knowledge communities and provide platforms for meaningful interactions across diverse media.

Our Message Heritage knowledge systems are characterized by vertical separations—of discipline, professional association, institution, and country. Common Ground identifies some of the pivotal ideas and challenges of our time and builds knowledge communities that cut horizontally across legacy knowledge structures. Sustainability, diversity, learning, the future of the humanities, the nature of interdisciplinarity, the place of the arts in society, technology’s connections with knowledge, the changing role of the university—these are deeply important questions of our time which require interdisciplinary thinking, global conversations, and cross-institutional intellectual collaborations. Common Ground is a meeting place for these conversations, shared spaces in which differences can meet and safely connect—differences of perspective, experience, knowledge base, methodology, geographical, or cultural origins, and institutional affiliation. We strive to create the places of intellectual interaction and imagination that our future deserves.

Our Media Common Ground creates and supports knowledge communities through a number of mechanisms and media. Annual conferences are held around the world to connect the global (the international delegates) with the local (academics, practitioners, and community leaders from the host community). Conference sessions include as many ways of speaking as possible to encourage each and every participant to engage, interact, and contribute. The journals and book imprint offer fully-refereed academic outlets for formalized knowledge, developed through innovative approaches to the processes of submission, peer review, and production. The knowledge community also maintains an online presence—through presentations on our YouTube channel, monthly email newsletters, as well as Facebook and Twitter feeds. And Common Ground’s own software, Scholar, offers a path-breaking platform for online discussions and networking, as well as for creating, reviewing, and disseminating text and multi-media works.

7 Sport & Society Knowledge Community

Exploring the cultural, political, and economic relationships of sport to society Sport & Society Knowledge Community

The Sport and Society Knowledge Community is brought together by a common concern for scientific policy and strategic perspective in sport and society. The community interacts through an innovative, annual face-to-face conference, as well as year-round online relationships, a peer reviewed journal, and community book imprint.

Conference The conference is built upon four key features: Internationalism, Interdisciplinarity, Inclusiveness, and Interaction. Conference delegates include leaders in the field as well as emerging scholars, who travel to the conference from all corners of the globe and represent a broad range of disciplines and perspectives. A variety of presentation options and session types offer delegates multiple opportunities to engage, to discuss key issues in the field, and to build relationships with scholars from other cultures and disciplines.

Publishing The Sport and Society Knowledge Community enables members to publish through two media. First, community members can enter a world of journal publication unlike the traditional academic publishing forums—a result of the responsive, non-hierarchical, and constructive nature of the peer review process. The Sport & Society Collection provides a framework for double-blind peer review, enabling authors to publish into an academic journal of the highest standard. The second publication medium is through the book imprint, Sport and Society, publishing cutting edge books in print and digital formats. Publication proposal and manuscript submissions are welcome.

Community The Sport and Society Knowledge Community offers several opportunities for ongoing communication among its members. Any member may upload video presentations based on scholarly work to the community YouTube channel. Monthly email newsletters contain updates on conference and publishing activities as well as broader news of interest. Join the conversations on Facebook and Twitter, or explore our new social media platform, Scholar.

11 Sport & Society Themes

On sport’s motivations, Theme 1: Sporting Cultures and Identities meanings and purposes • of sport and the interplay between individual identities and access, equity, and participation in sports • Examines the social and sociological aspects of sport, the impact of cultural traditions and cultural differences on how sports are played or viewed, and the influence of sports on national, ethnic, or community identity • Individual identity (race, gender, ethnicity, religion, etc) and impacts on sports participation • Group identities—community, nations, cultures • Values—as exemplified by athletes, fans, communities • Cultural differences or traditions • Psychology or of sport • Historical perspectives on sport and athletes • Sport and community building • and ethnic identity in sport • Exclusionary and inclusionary practices in sport: access, equity, and their social benefits • Human rights in sport

On the relationship of Theme 2: Sport and Health sports participation to • Includes the study of health, nutrition, exercise science, sports medicine, and biomechanics physical, mental, or • Examines the relationships between health/physical fitness and other aspects of life (cognitive emotional health and abilities, work performance, social interactions) wellbeing • Exercise, fitness, and physical wellbeing • Sport and recreation in psycho-social wellbeing • Sports medicine and health sciences • Drugs in sport • Exercise science, sport biomechanics, functional anatomy • Sports injury—prevention, identification, rehabilitation • Sports nutrition and exercise metabolism • Sports and disabilities • Health and fitness in the workplace

12 Sport & Society Themes

On learning about and Theme 3: Sports Education through sport • Includes physical and health education in schools and communities, teaching and coaching techniques • Examines how sports programs in schools and communities promote learning, tolerance, social cohesion, and community development. • Physical and sports education • Health education in schools and communities • Community based youth sports • Sports programs in schools, , and universities • Coaching and instructional, motivational strategies

On sports organizations, Theme 4: Sports Management and Commercialization leadership, and • Considers sports and sporting events as commercial activities management • Explores the impact of sports and sporting events on communities, nations, and international relations • Includes sports as a profession and the roles of professionals (athletes, coaches, media and marketing professionals) within it • Examines policies, rules and regulations, and laws related to governance and participation • Management of sports organizations and sporting events • Marketing, branding, and building a fan base • Communications and media coverage of sports • Sponsorship, licensing, and advertising in sport • Commercialization, commoditization, and privatization of sport • Professionals in sport • Sports facilities: design and management • Adjudication, refereeing, rule making, and game governance

13 Sport & Society 2015 Special Focus

Sport in the Americas

This year’s conference will be held in parallel with the Pan-American Games. Often, “America” is taken to mean the United States, to the neglect of the other countries represented at the games. Accordingly, in addition to the general, international themes for the conference, this year’s area of special focus relates to the rise and development of sport in the Americas, with a particular focus on the Caribbean states, South America, and Central America. This is an under-researched area, which deserves deeper investigation. The Pan-American Games are in Toronto at the same time as the Sport and Society Conference, bringing people from the whole of the Americas to a single event. This provides an opportunity to open up to the rest of the academic world the vast array of research that is being undertaken by scholars of sport in the Caribbean, South America, and Central America. What follows are some of the ideas and areas we would like to promote at the conference.

• and sport • Latin American sport • Sport and the Caribbean states • Cuban sport • Communism, socialism, and sport in South America • Sports tourism in the Americas • Sport and national identity • Sport and people of color • Impacts of immigration on sport • South American Games: ODESUR • The Rio Olympics • Reflections on the Brazilian World Cup • Hispanic sport • of sport in the Caribbean • Olympic sport in the Americas • The Pan-American Games • The ParaPan-American Games • Politics and sport • The rise of • Football and cultural identity • Beach culture • Surfing in South America • Poverty and sport • Sport and culture • Technology and sport • Physical education in South America • Sport in the individual countries of the Caribbean, South America, and Central America • Cultural and language diversity in Caribbean, South American, and Central American sport

14 Sport & Society Scope and Concerns

Game Logic How do we negotiate game logic? Sport’s psycho-social motivations are built around a variety of game logics. Games are spaces of recreation and leisure; they are places of not-work; they stand outside the immediately functional, productive logics of employment and citizenship. However, they also reflect and reinforce the moral meanings of broader society: the values of energetic commitment; the virtue of developing skill; the challenge of striving to achieve; the rigors of competition; the rewards afforded to effort; the ethics of formal equality of opportunity (the level playing field); the vicissitudes of chance; magnanimity in loss; and, in team sports, the ethics of collaboration. The virtues of the ‘sporting spirit’ are complement aspirational values in a wide variety of practices in education, work, and civic participation.

Yet the spirit of sport sits in tension with other complex and at times contradictory forces, ostensibly less part of its ‘true spirit’ but which, nevertheless, at times seem intrinsic to its gaming logic. Is sport ritualized aggression, quasi-military in its formation, and to the extent that it is, is it a catharsis or catalyst sublimating other problems? Are values of competition a necessary and proper reflection of the motivations that drive market societies, or do they represent ‘survival of the fittest’ logic in which a few perennially win at the expense of the many who, game logic dictates, must lose? To what extent does game logic also tempt transgression of rules, from cheating to doping? How do we negotiate racism, sexism, homophobia, and denigratory nationalism in sports?

Body Logic How do we understand the body? Sport also rests on a range of body logics. One logic is one of health, a counterpoint to work which, for the majority of modern people, is largely sedentary. Sport is a necessary antidote. Another logic is that of body image, captured visually in the ideal type of the physically fit man or . Another logic is body-to-body contact, the strictly delimited violence of contact sports or bodily co-ordination in sports of graceful movement. Another is the subtle or not-so- subtle expression of sexuality in sport.

However, sitting in tension with these idealizations are difficulties and challenges intrinsic to the logic of the sporting body itself. How do we make sports accessible to, and inclusive of, bodies outside of the ideal body type? How do we deal with the tendency to lionize unnatural extremes in the sporting body, and the over-exercise, drugs or assistive technologies which may be used to produce extreme effects? How do we reduce violence in sport and connected with sport? How do we address the perils of the sexualization of sport? How do we negotiate polyvalent sexualities?

Aesthetic Logic How does sport shape aesthetics? There are multiple aesthetics to sport. Sporting activities are driven by stories. The game is an open-ended, participatory narrative. It is a journey in time and space--the race or the match, for instance. Sporting achievements fold into everyday life narratives. Then there is the intrinsic aesthetic of movement, of graceful or impressively forceful bodies in time and space, of being outdoors or in specially designed indoor spaces. Sport is also driven by ritual: formalised beginnings, stages, and ends for participants and the stuff of spectacle and entertainment for viewers. This is the raw material for representation in conversation, media, advertising, and the arts-through discourses, imageries, sounds, and tactile sensations. Sport’s sites of representation are print, television, radio, the internet—indeed any and all media, each with its characteristic forms and all in a state today of radical transformation.

15 Sport & Society Scope and Concerns

However, sitting in tension with positive aesthetics are the often crude functionalism of sporting spaces, the rabid commercialization of popular sport, the passivity of the spectacle, and limited and differential access to the media for different sports or categories of player.

Organizational Logic How is sport organized? Sports are forms of social organization. They depend upon, and are always supported by, institutional infrastructures and processes of management. Physical facilities are needed. Players need to learn to play. They need times and places to practice, and coaches to lead. These are the pragmatics of doing sport, and doing it well. This is the stuff of sports education, sports medicine, and sports management, practiced by and for amateurs as well as professionals.

However, how does organization logic at times lead to excessive commercialism or even exploitation? When does it become overburdened by bureaucracy? When does leisure become work in a way that perhaps defeats the purpose of sport-as-leisure?

The International Conference on Sport and Society and its companion journal, book imprint, and online community are places for the systematic examination a relationship in which sport oft-times enhances social life, while at other times it reflects broader social challenges as well as raising challenges unique to sport itself.

16 Sport & Society Community Membership

About The Sport and Society Knowledge Community is dedicated to the concept of independent, peer-led groups of scholars, researchers, and practitioners working together to build bodies of knowledge related to topics of critical importance to society at large. Focusing on the intersection of academia and social impact, the Sport and Society Knowledge Community brings an interdisciplinary, international perspective to discussions of new developments in the field, including research, practice, policy, and teaching.

Membership Benefits As a Sport and Society Knowledge Community member you have access to a broad range of tools and resources to use in your own work: • Digital subscription to The Sport and Society Collection for one year. • Digital subscription to the book imprint for one year. • One article publication per year (pending peer review). • Participation as a reviewer in the peer review process, with the opportunity to be listed as an Associate Editor after reviewing three or more articles. • Subscription to the community e-newsletter, providing access to news and announcements for and from the knowledge community. • Option to add a video presentation to the community YouTube channel. • Free access to the Scholar social knowledge platform, including: ◊ Personal profile and publication portfolio page ◊ Ability to interact and form communities with peers away from the clutter and commercialism of other social media ◊ Optional feeds to Facebook and Twitter ◊ Complimentary use of Scholar in your classes—for class interactions in its Community space, multimodal student writing in its Creator space, and managing student peer review, assessment, and sharing of published work.

17 Sport & Society Engage in the Community

Present and Participate in the Conference You have already begun your engagement in the community by attending the conference, presenting your work, and interacting face-to-face with other members. We hope this experience provides a valuable source of feedback for your current work and the possible seeds for future individual and www.facebook.com/ SportAndSociety.CG collaborative projects, as well as the start of a conversation with community colleagues that will continue well into the future. @sportandsoc

#SportandSoc Publish Journal Articles or Books We encourage you to submit an article for review and possible publication in the journal. In this way, you may share the finished outcome of your presentation with other participants and members of the community. As a member of the community, you will also be invited to review others’ work and contribute to the development of the community knowledge base as an Associate Editor. As part of your active membership in the community, you also have online access to the complete works (current and previous volumes) of journal and to the book imprint. We also invite you to consider submitting a proposal for the book imprint.

Engage through Social Media There are several ways to connect and network with community colleagues:

Email Newsletters: Published monthly, these contain information on the conference and publishing, along with news of interest to the community. Contribute news or links with a subject line ‘Email Newsletter Suggestion’ to [email protected].

Scholar: Common Ground’s path-breaking platform that connects academic peers from around the world in a space that is modulated for serious discourse and the presentation of knowledge works.

Facebook: Comment on current news, view photos from the conference, and take advantage of special benefits for community members at: http://www.facebook.com/SportAndSociety.CG.

Twitter: Follow the community @sportandsoc and talk about the conference with #SportandSoc.

YouTube Channel: View online presentations or contribute your own at http:/ /sportandsociety.com/the-conference/types-of-conference-sessions/online-presentations.

18 Sport & Society Advisory Board

The principal role of the Advisory Board is to drive the overall intellectual direction of the Sport and Society Knowledge Community and to consult on our foundational themes as they evolve along with the currents of the community. Board members are invited to attend the annual conference with a complimentary registration and provide important insights on conference development, including suggestions for speakers, venues, and special themes. We also encourage board members to submit articles for publication consideration to the Sport and Society Collection as well as proposals or completed manuscripts to the Sport and Society Book Imprint.

We are grateful for the continued service and support of these world-class scholars and practitioners.

• Jean Côté, Queen’s University, , Canada • Mojca Doupona, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia • Keith Gilbert, University of East , London, UK • Jack Jedwab, Association for Canadian Studies, , Canada • Karen Jones, University, Amsterdam, • Sid Katz, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada • Richard Lichen, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China • Otto J. Schantz, University of Koblenz, Landau, Germany • Karin Volkwein-Caplan, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, USA • Rhodri Windsor-Liscombe, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

19 A Social Knowledge Platform Create Your Academic Profile and Connect to Peers

Developed by our brilliant Common Ground software team, Scholar connects academic peers from around the world in a space that is modulated for serious discourse and the presentation of knowledge works.

Utilize Your Free Scholar Membership Today through • Building your academic profile and list of published works. • Joining a community with a thematic or disciplinary focus. • Establishing a new knowledge community relevant to your field. • Creating new academic work in our innovative publishing space. • Building a peer review network around your work or courses.

Scholar Quick Start Guide 1. Navigate to http://cgscholar.com. Select [Sign Up] below ‘Create an Account’. 2. Enter a “blip” (a very brief one-sentence description of yourself). 3. Click on the “Find and join communities” link located under the YOUR COMMUNITIES heading (On the left hand navigation bar). 4. Search for a community to join or create your own.

Scholar Next Steps – Build Your Academic Profile • About: Include information about yourself, including a linked CV in the top, dark bar. • Interests: Create searchable information so others with similar interests can locate you. • Peers: Invite others to connect as a peer and keep up with their work. • Shares: Make your page a comprehensive portfolio of your work by adding publications in the Shares area - be these full text copies of works in cases where you have permission, or a link to a bookstore, library or publisher listing. If you choose Common Ground’s hybrid open access option, you may post the final version of your work here, available to anyone on the web if you select the ‘make my site public’ option. • Image: Add a photograph of yourself to this page; hover over the avatar and click the pencil/edit icon to select. • Publisher: All Common Ground community members have free access to our peer review space for their courses. Here they can arrange for students to write multimodal essays or reports in the Creator space (including image, video, audio, dataset or any other file), manage student peer review, co-ordinate assessments, and share students’ works by publishing them to the Community space.

20 A Digital Learning Platform Use Scholar to Support Your Teaching

Scholar is a social knowledge platform that transforms the patterns of interaction in learning by putting students first, positioning them as knowledge producers instead of passive knowledge consumers. Scholar provides scaffolding to encourage making and sharing knowledge drawing from multiple sources rather than memorizing knowledge that has been presented to them.

Scholar also answers one of the most fundamental questions students and instructors have of their performance, “How am I doing?” Typical modes of assessment often answer this question either too late to matter or in a way that is not clear or comprehensive enough to meaningfully contribute to better performance.

A collaborative research and development project between Common Ground and the of Education at the University of Illinois, Scholar contains a knowledge community space, a multimedia web writing space, a formative assessment environment that facilitates peer review, and a dashboard with aggregated machine and human formative and summative writing assessment data.

The following Scholar features are only available to Common Ground Knowledge Community members as part of their membership. Please email us at [email protected] if you would like the complimentary educator account that comes with participation in a Common Ground conference.

• Create projects for groups of students, involving draft, peer review, revision and publication. • Publish student works to each student’s personal portfolio space, accessible through the web for class discussion. • Create and distribute surveys. • Evaluate student work using a variety of measures in the assessment dashboard.

Scholar is a generation beyond learning management systems. It is what we term a Digital Learning Platform— it transforms learning by engaging students in powerfully horizontal “social knowledge” relationships. For more information, visit: http://knowledge.cgscholar.com.

21 Sport & Society Collection

Committed to fostering an intellectual frame of reference that supports an interdisciplinary conversation on the relationships between sports and societies Sport & Society Collection of Journals

About The Sport and Society Collection provides a forum for wide-ranging and interdisciplinary examinations of sport, including: the history, sociology, and psychology of sport; sports medicine and health; physical and health education; and sports administration and management. The discussions in the journal Indexing The Australian Research collection range from broad conceptualizations of the fundamental logics of sport to highly specific Council (ERA) readings of sporting practices in particular times and places.

Founded: 2010 The journals in the Sport and Society Collection are peer-reviewed, supported by rigorous, criterion- referenced article ranking and qualitative commentary processes, ensuring that only intellectual work Publication Frequency: of significance is published. Quarterly (March, June, September, December) sportandsociety.com Collection Editor ijr.cgpublisher.com Keith Gilbert, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, UK

Associate Editors Articles published in the Sport and Society Collection are peer reviewed by scholars who are active members of the Sport and Society Knowledge Community. Reviewers may be past or present conference delegates, fellow submitters to the collection, or scholars who have volunteered to review papers (and have been screened by Common Ground’s editorial team). This engagement with the knowledge community, as well as Common Ground’s synergistic and criterion-based evaluation system, distinguishes the peer review process from journals that have a more top-down approach to refereeing.

Reviewers are assigned to papers based on their academic interests and scholarly expertise. In recognition of the valuable feedback and publication recommendations that they provide, reviewers are acknowledged as Associate Editors in the volume that includes the paper(s) they reviewed. Thus, in addition to the Sport and Society Collection Editors and Advisory Board, the Associate Editors contribute significantly to the overall editorial quality and content of the collection.

25 Sport & Society Collection Titles

The International Journal of Sport and Society: Annual Review ISSN: 2152-7857 Indexing: SPORTDiscus with Full Text, The Australian Research Council (ERA) About: The International Journal of Sport and Society: Annual Review consists of articles considered to be of wide interest across the field, selected by our editorial team in consultation with the Advisory Board.

Journal of Sporting Cultures and Identities ISSN: Pending About: The Journal of Sporting Cultures and Identities focuses on sport’s motivations, meaning, and purposes.

Journal of Sport and Health ISSN: Pending About: The Journal of Sport and Health focuses on the relationship of sports participation to physical, mental, and emotional health and wellbeing.

Journal of Sports Pedagogy and Physical Education ISSN: Pending About: The Journal of Sports Pedagogy and Physical Education focuses on learning about and through sport.

Journal of Sports Management and Commercialization ISSN: Pending About: The Journal of Sports Management and Commercialization focuses on sports organizations, leadership, and management.

26 Sport & Society Submission Process

Journal Collection Submission Process and Timeline Below, please find step-by-step instructions on the journal article submission process:

1. Submit a conference presentation proposal.

2. Once your conference presentation proposal has been accepted, you may submit your article by clicking the “Add a Paper” button on the right side of your proposal page. You may upload your article anytime between the first and the final submission deadlines. (See dates below)

3. Once your article is received, it is verified against template and submission requirements. If your article satisfies these requirements, your identity and contact details are then removed, and the article is matched to two appropriate referees and sent for review. You can view the status of your article at any time by logging into your CGPublisher account at www. CGPublisher.com.

4. When both referee reports are uploaded, and after the referees’ identities have been removed, you will be notified by email and provided with a link to view the reports.

5. If your article has been accepted, you will be asked to accept the Publishing Agreement and submit a final copy of your article. If your paper is accepted with revisions, you will be required to submit a change note with your final submission, explaining how you revised your article in light of the referees’ comments. If your article is rejected, you may resubmit it once, with a detailed change note, for review by new referees.

6. Once we have received the final submission of your article, which was accepted or accepted with revisions, our Publishing Department will give your article a final review. This final review will verify that you have complied with the Manual of Style (16th edition), and will check any edits you have made while considering the feedback of your referees. After this review has been satisfactorily completed, your paper will be typeset and a proof will be sent to you for approval before publication.

7. Individual articles may be published “Web First” with a full citation. Full issues follow at regular, quarterly intervals. All issues are published 4 times per volume (except the annual review, which is published once per volume).

Submission Timeline You may submit your article for publication to the journal at any time throughout the year. The rolling submission deadlines are as follows: • Submission Round 1 – 15 January • Submission Round 2 – 15 April • Submission Round 3 – 15 July • Submission Round 4 (final) – 15 October

Note: If your article is submitted after the final deadline for the volume, it will be considered for the following year’s volume. The sooner you submit, the sooner your article will begin the peer review process. Also, because we publish “Web First,” early submission means that your article may be published with a full citation as soon as it is ready, even if that is before the full issue is published.

27 Sport & Society Common Ground Open

Hybrid Open Access All Common Ground Journals are Hybrid Open Access. Hybrid Open Access is an option increasingly offered by both university presses and well-known commercial publishers.

Hybrid Open Access means some articles are available only to subscribers, while others are made available at no charge to anyone searching the web. Authors pay an additional fee for the open access option. Authors may do this because open access is a requirement of their research-funding agency, or they may do this so non-subscribers can access their article for free.

Common Ground’s open access charge is $250 per article­–a very reasonable price compared to our hybrid open access competitors and purely open access journals resourced with an author publication fee. Digital articles are normally only available through individual or institutional subscriptions or for purchase at $5 per article. However, if you choose to make your article Open Access, this means anyone on the web may download it for free.

Paying subscribers still receive considerable benefits with access to all articles in the journal, from both current and past volumes, without any restrictions. However, making your paper available at no charge through Open Access increases its visibility, accessibility, potential readership, and citation counts. Open Access articles also generate higher citation counts.

Institutional Open Access Common Ground is proud to announce an exciting new model of scholarly publishing called Institutional Open Access.

Institutional Open Access allows faculty and graduate students to submit articles to Common Ground journals for unrestricted open access publication. These articles will be freely and publicly available to the whole world through our hybrid open access infrastructure. With Institutional Open Access, instead of the author paying a per-article open access fee, institutions pay a set annual fee that entitles their students and faculty to publish a given number of open access articles each year.

The rights to the articles remain with the subscribing institution. Both the author and the institution can also share the final typeset version of the article in any place they wish, including institutional repositories, personal websites, and privately or publicly accessible course materials. We support the highest Sherpa/Romeo access level—Green.

For more information on how to make your article Open Access, or information on Institutional Open Access, please contact us at [email protected].

28 Sport & Society Journal Awards

International Award for Excellence The Sport and Society Collection presents an annual International Award for Excellence for new research or thinking in the area of sports. All articles submitted for publication in the Sport and Society Collection are entered into consideration for this award. The review committee for the award is selected from the International Advisory Board for the collection and the annual Sport and Society Conference. The committee selects the winning article from the ten highest-ranked articles emerging from the review process and according to the selection criteria outlined in the reviewer guidelines.

Award Winner, Volume 5 Deborah L. Rivel, CUNY School of Professional Studies, New York City, USA

For the Article “Athletes with Disabilities”

Abstract There is no dispute that engaging in physical activity and recreational sports can have positive implications for one’s physiological and psychological health. It has been proven to raise self-esteem and build social networks. Overall, it can lead to an improvement in one’s quality of life. For people with disabilities, the potential benefits are multifold. For a population used to being stigmatized and stereotyped as weak and incapable, participation in sports allows them to feel a sense of normalcy and physical accomplishment and to redefine disability identities. This paper will discuss both the benefits as well as barriers to participation as reported by people with disabilities who have participated in recreational sports activities. The discussion will then turn to the legal bases for inclusion of people with disabilities in sports and recreation, including the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Office of Civil Rights’ Dear Colleague letter of January 2013. Finally, the paper will turn to a discussion of the “supercrip,” particularly within the context of the and how elite athletes with disability both provide a means to empowerment as well as a divisive element within the disability community that can be both damaging and disempowering.

29 Sport & Society Subscriptions and Access

Community Membership and Personal Subscriptions As part of each conference registration, all conference participants (both virtual and in-person) have a one-year digital subscription to the entire Sport and Society Collection. This complimentary personal subscription grants access to both the current volume of the collection as well as the entire backlist. The period of complimentary access begins at the time of registration and ends one year after the close of the conference. After that time, delegates may purchase a personal subscription.

To view articles, go to http://ijr.cgpublisher.com/. Select the “Login” option and provide a CGPublisher username and password. Then, select an article and download the PDF. For lost or forgotten login details, select “forgot your login” to request a new password.

Journal Subscriptions Common Ground offers print and digital subscriptions to all of its journals. Subscriptions are available to the full Sport and Society Collection, individual journals within the collection, and to custom suites based on a given institution’s unique content needs. Subscription prices are based on a tiered scale that corresponds to the full-time enrollment (FTE) of the subscribing institution.

For more information, please visit: • http://sportandsociety.com/publications/journal/subscriptions-and-orders • Or contact us at [email protected]

Library Recommendations Download the Library Recommendation form from our website to recommend that your institution subscribe to the Sport and Society Collection: http://sportandsociety.com/publications/journal/library-recommendation.

30 Sport & Society Book Imprint

Aiming to set new standards in participatory knowledge creation and scholarly publication Sport & Society Book Imprint

Call for Books Common Ground is setting new standards of rigorous academic knowledge creation and scholarly publication. Unlike other publishers, we’re not interested in the size of potential markets or competition from other books. We’re only interested in the intellectual quality of the work. If your book is a brilliant contribution to a specialist area of knowledge that only serves a small intellectual community, we still want to publish it. If it is expansive and has a broad appeal, we want to publish it too, but only if it is of the highest intellectual quality.

We welcome proposals or completed manuscript submissions of: • Individually and jointly authored books • Edited collections addressing a clear, intellectually challenging theme • Collections of articles published in our journals • Out-of-copyright books, including important books that have gone out of print and classics with new introductions

Book Proposal Guidelines Books should be between 30,000 and 150,000 words in length. They are published simultaneously in print and electronic formats and are available through Amazon and as Kindle editions. To publish a book, please send us a proposal including: • Title • Author(s)/editor(s) • Draft back-cover blurb • Author bio note(s) • Table of contents • Intended audience and significance of contribution • Sample chapters or complete manuscript • Manuscript submission date

Proposals can be submitted by email to [email protected]. Please note the book imprint to which you are submitting in the subject line.

33 Sport & Society Book Imprint

Call for Book Reviewers Common Ground Publishing is seeking distinguished peer reviewers to evaluate book manuscripts.

As part of our commitment to intellectual excellence and a rigorous review process, Common Ground sends book manuscripts that have received initial editorial approval to peer reviewers to further evaluate and provide constructive feedback. The comments and guidance that these reviewers supply is invaluable to our authors and an essential part of the publication process.

Common Ground recognizes the important role of reviewers by acknowledging book reviewers as members of the Editorial Review Board for a period of at least one year. The list of members of the Editorial Review Board will be posted on our website.

If you would like to review book manuscripts, please send an email to [email protected] with: • A brief description of your professional credentials • A list of your areas of interest and expertise • A copy of your CV with current contact details

If we feel that you are qualified and we require refereeing for manuscripts within your purview, we will contact you.

34 Sport & Society Book Imprint

The Real and the Unreal: Hypernarratives of Indigenous Athletes and the Changing Significance of Race, 2nd edition

Stella Coram

The second edition of The Real and Unreal reflects on the objective from the first edition, which was to claim the changing significance of race in the context of Australian sport. Race is celebrated in terms of indigenous athletic dominance, yet the persistence of racial inequality on and off field is denied. The approach, underlined by critical race theory, argues the presence of racial discourse in the mainstream press through the framing of hyper realism of race, looks to hold. Whereas the project of dismantling racial hegemony through cultural transformations underscores the rise of celebratory discourse in the first edition, the emphasis in this second edition is on how they converge to unintentionally reaffirm colonial ideology of racial difference. And while a more circumspect tone is noted, logics of race continue to inform the representation of indigenous athletes. For instance, the construct of “indigenous ISBN—978-1-61229-775-0 talent” forms part of normalising discourse, of indigenous inclusion in Australian Rules football, that 161 Pages masks the realities of competition in which few make it, the hard work that goes into being a “talent”, Community Website: the racial stereotyping of “talent”, and the burden of being a “talent”. sportandsociety.com

Bookstore Author Bio: ijr.cgpublisher.com Stella Coram, PhD, is the author of Extinguishing Title: Maori Land Rights, People and Perspective in Postcolonial New Zealand which was shortlisted for the Nga Kupu Ora Maori Book Awards in 2014. An independent scholar, she writes critically on the intersection of race and culture in the contexts of indigenous social justice, education and sport. At present, she is a “trailing spouse” in Papua New Guinea working on her next project based on correspondence to family and friends in Australia.

35 Sport & Society Book Imprint

Fighting: Intellectualising Combat Sports

Keith Gilbert (ed.)

This book is the first of its kind that relates specifically to the practical and theoretical aspects of martial arts in contemporary society. Within its covers are a collection of thirty-five cutting-edge chapters by leading practitioners and academics who raise questions and provide answers regarding the broad relationship between fighting and the intellectualisation of the sports that constitute the martial arts. In their writings they highlight the remarkable work being undertaken by coaches, practitioners and exponents of various martial arts and the benefits of martial arts to children and positive health of individuals in society. Individually, they clarify the meaning of their particular martial art and highlight some of the problems they have encountered throughout their career and in researching the area. However, this is a very positive book that is not just of an academic nature but a text that provides ideas and innovations that can be used by future researchers and aspirants and practitioners in the field. ISBN—978-1-61229-431-5 410 Pages The authors throughout the book largely agree in concluding that there are aspects of the relationship Community Website: between the martial arts and general society which have largely gone unnoticed, and they tackle the sportandsociety.com difficult perspectives of injury, stress, coaching, lack of understanding, pain, and training within their particular martial art. Of importance are their comments relating to the mind–body dichotomy and the Bookstore power of meditation and practice in their sport. In doing so, they provide examples of good practice ijr.cgpublisher.com and strong programmes and make suggestions as to where the status quo needs to be addressed in order for the field to go forward.

This volume will be of great interest and value to academics working in all fields of martial arts, as well as to undergraduate and graduate students researching different disciplines. More importantly, it will also be a crucial aid to researchers who are interested in developing their sport in universities and colleges across the world.

Editor Bio: Keith Gilbert is a professor of sports management at the University of East London.

36 Sport & Society Book Imprint

Taking the Next Step: Social Capital and Athlete Development

Edoardo G.F. Rosso

Taking the Next Step looks at a particular issue of player development that too often remains under- appreciated: the influence of others. In particular, it casts light on resources that relationships with others bring about and that have the capacity to affect the ability of players to develop into successful, elite athletes. To this end, it brings into the discussion the contested concept of social capital, here defined as “the ability of individuals and groups to gain resources by means of membership in social networks.” However, while research on social capital and sport tends to focus on social capital as an outcome of sport participation, this work considers the “inverse relationship” between the two. This relates, for instance, to how social resources can help or undermine the development of players, a club’s sporting achievements, or the organisational development of a sport officiating body. In other words, it looks at non-technical aspects of athlete development in football—those other “little things” that ISBN—978-1-61229-616-6 can make the difference in a player’s career or help bringing the right people together at the right time 155 Pages and facilitate innovation and creativity. The analysis pertains to how resources residing in networks Community Website: encompassing players, their immediate social environments, and the South Australian system of sportandsociety.com players’ production (including coaches) can facilitate or hinder the players’ opportunities to take the next step in their career. Bookstore ijr.cgpublisher.com Author Bio: Edoardo G.F. Rosso is a social geographer with an interest in sport studies, sport development, coaching, physical activity and well-being, social capital, sport for development, sport geography, social exclusion, and community development. He currently holds a position as a research fellow in sport and development in the University of South Australia’s Division of Health Sciences. He completed his PhD at Flinders University in Adelaide. Since 2003, he has been a women’s football coach and, to date, he has coached girls and women at the school, club, and state levels. In his spare time he travels the world with his wife and brews beer in his Adelaide home.

37 Sport & Society Book Imprint

Understanding Racial Portrayals in the Sports Media: Why is Michael Vick So Fast and Peyton Manning So Smart?

Daniel B. Coogan

Despite a historical track record of black Americans’ phenomenal athletic success, a racial dichotomy has emerged in the sports media where black athletes’ achievements are qualified based on unearned physical qualities, yet white athletes’ achievements are often attributed to earned cognitive and psychological qualities, like discipline and effort. This presents a problem, as television viewers with limited interactions with individuals outside their own racial or ethnic group tend to rely on the media to form opinions of those other racial and ethnic groups.

ESPN’s Sportscenter, with its massive audience and cultural influence, possesses a unique opportunity to undermine stereotypes found in the media coverage of other institutions, like crime and politics. In Understanding Racial Portrayals in the Sports Media: Why is Michael Vick so Fast and Peyton ISBN—978-1-61229-374-5 Manning so Smart?, Daniel Coogan analyzes new data on current Sportscenter programming to show 108 Pages that the relationship between portrayal and athlete race may be more complicated than prior research Community Website: suggests. While evidence of a decline in stereotyping emerges, Coogan identifies that factors, such as sportandsociety.com the sport, the level of competition, and characteristics of the commentator, affect the likelihood of stereotyping. Understanding Racial Portrayals in the Sports Media presents important reading for Bookstore anyone interested in the complex relationship between race and the mass media. ijr.cgpublisher.com

Author Bio: Daniel Coogan’s research focuses on race, sports, media, crime, and incarceration. He lives in Maryland with his wife and daughter.

38 Sport & Society Conference

Curating global interdisciplinary spaces, supporting professionally rewarding relationships Sport & Society About the Conference

Conference History Founded in 2010, the International Conference on Sport and Society provides a forum for the examination of sport from various perspectives, including: history, sociology, psychology, medicine, health, education, administration, and management. The discussions that take place range from broad conceptualizations of the fundamental logics of sport, to highly specific readings of sporting practices in particular times and places. The conference is held annually in different locations around the world, many in association with significant sporting events.

The International Conference on Sport and Society is built upon four key features: Internationalism, Interdisciplinarity, Inclusiveness, and Interaction. Conference delegates include leaders in the field as well as emerging scholars, who travel to the conference from all corners of the globe and represent a broad range of disciplines and perspectives. A variety of presentation options and session types offer delegates multiple opportunities to engage, to discuss key issues in the field, and to build relationships with scholars from other cultures and disciplines.

Past Conferences: • 2010 - UBC Robeson Square, Vancouver, Canada • 2012 - Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK • 2013 - University Center Chicago, Chicago, USA • 2014 - Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niterói, , • 2015 - , Toronto, Canada

Plenary Speaker Highlights: The International Conference on Sport and Society has a rich history of featuring leading and emerging voices from the field, including:

• Robert K. Barney, The University of Western Ontario, Canada (2010) • Roberto Ferreira dos Santos, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2014) • Joy Gaston Gayles, North Carolina State University (2013) • Richard Giulianotti, Loughborough University (2014) • Wilfried Lemke, United Nations Special Adviser on Sport for Development and Peace, Geneva, Switzerland (2012) • Mark Moore, former professional hockey player (2010) • Richard Pound, Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games, Vancouver, Canada (2010) • Andrew C. Sparkes, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England (2012)

Become a Partner Common Ground Publishing has a long history of meaningful and substantive partnerships with universities, research institutes, government bodies, and non-governmental organizations. Developing these partnerships is a pillar of our Knowledge Community agenda. There are a number of ways you can partner with a Common Ground Knowledge Community. Contact us at [email protected] to become a partner.

41 Sport & Society About the Conference

Conference Principles and Features The structure of the conference is based on four core principles that pervade all aspects of the knowledge community:

International This conference travels around the world to provide opportunities for delegates to see and experience different countries and locations. But more importantly, the Sport and Society Conference offers a tangible and meaningful opportunity to engage with scholars from a diversity of cultures and perspectives. This year, delegates from over 27 countries are in attendance, offering a unique and unparalleled opportunity to engage directly with colleagues from all corners of the globe.

Interdisciplinary Unlike association conferences attended by delegates with similar backgrounds and specialties, this conference brings together researchers, practitioners, and scholars from a wide range of disciplines who have a shared interest in the themes and concerns of this community. As a result, topics are broached from a variety of perspectives, interdisciplinary methods are applauded, and mutual respect and collaboration are encouraged.

Inclusive Anyone whose scholarly work is sound and relevant is welcome to participate in this community and conference, regardless of discipline, culture, institution, or career path. Whether an emeritus professor, graduate student, researcher, teacher, policymaker, practitioner, or administrator, your work and your voice can contribute to the collective body of knowledge that is created and shared by this community.

Interactive To take full advantage of the rich diversity of cultures, backgrounds, and perspectives represented at the conference, there must be ample opportunities to speak, listen, engage, and interact. A variety of session formats, from more to less structured, are offered throughout the conference to provide these opportunities.

42 Sport & Society Ways of Speaking

Plenary Plenary speakers, chosen from among the world’s leading thinkers, offer formal presentations on topics of broad interest to the community and conference delegation. One or more speakers are scheduled into a plenary session, most often the first session of the day. As a general rule, there are no questions or discussion during these sessions. Instead, plenary speakers answer questions and participate in informal, extended discussions during their Garden Conversation.

Garden Conversation Garden Conversations are informal, unstructured sessions that allow delegates a chance to meet plenary speakers and talk with them at length about the issues arising from their presentation. When the venue and weather allow, we try to arrange for a circle of chairs to be placed outdoors.

Talking Circles Held on the first day of the conference, Talking Circles offer an early opportunity to meet other delegates with similar interests and concerns. Delegates self-select into groups based on broad thematic areas and then engage in extended discussion about the issues and concerns they feel are of utmost importance to that segment of the community. Questions like “Who are we?”, ”What is our common ground?”, “What are the current challenges facing society in this area?”, “What challenges do we face in constructing knowledge and effecting meaningful change in this area?” may guide the conversation. When possible, a second Talking Circle is held on the final day of the conference, for the original group to reconvene and discuss changes in their perspectives and understandings as a result of the conference experience. Reports from the Talking Circles provide a framework for the delegates’ final discussions during the Closing Session.

Themed Paper Presentations Paper presentations are grouped by general themes or topics into sessions comprised of three or four presentations followed by group discussion. Each presenter in the session makes a formal twenty- minute presentation of their work; Q&A and group discussion follow after all have presented. Session Chairs introduce the speakers, keep time on the presentations, and facilitate the discussion. Each presenter’s formal, written paper will be available to participants if accepted to the journal.

Colloquium Colloquium sessions are organized by a group of colleagues who wish to present various dimensions of a project or perspectives on an issue. Four or five short formal presentations are followed by commentary and/or group discussion. A single article or multiple articles may be submitted to the journal based on the content of a colloquium session.

43 Sport & Society Ways of Speaking

Workshop/Interactive Session Workshop sessions involve extensive interaction between presenters and participants around an idea or hands-on experience of a practice. These sessions may also take the form of a crafted panel, staged conversation, dialogue or debate—all involving substantial interaction with the audience. A single article (jointly authored, if appropriate) may be submitted to the journal based on a workshop session.

Poster Sessions Poster sessions present preliminary results of works in progress or projects that lend themselves to visual displays and representations. These sessions allow for engagement in informal discussions about the work with interested delegates throughout the session.

44 Sport & Society Daily Schedule

Thursday, 30 July

8:00–9:00 Conference Registration Desk Open 9:00–9:20 Conference Opening—Kim Kendall, Host, Common Ground Publishing, USA Plenary Session—Janelle Joseph, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 9:20–9:50 Sport, Capitalism, and Men of Colour: Changing the Game or More of the Same? 9:50–10:20 Garden Conversation 10:20–12:00 Parallel Sessions 12:00–12:50 Lunch 12:50–14:30 Parallel Sessions 14:30–14:45 Break 14:45–15:15 Talking Circles 15:15–15:20 Session Transition 15:20–17:00 Parallel Sessions 17:00–18:00 Welcome Reception

Friday, 31 July

8:35–9:15 Conference Registration Desk Open 9:15–9:30 Daily Update Plenary Session—Victor Matsudo, Physical Fitness Research Laboratory, Sao Caetano do Sul, Brazil 9:30–10:00 Physical Activity Passport for Health 10:00–10:30 Garden Conversation 10:30–12:10 Parallel Sessions 12:10–13:05 Lunch 13:05–14:20 Parallel Sessions

14:20–14:35 Break 14:35–16:15 Parallel Sessions 16:15–16:35 Conference Closing—Kim Kendall, Host, Common Ground Publishing, USA

45 Sport & Society Special Events

Welcome Reception Emmanuel College–Thursday, 30 July–Directly following last sessions of the day

Common Ground Publishing and the Sport and Society Conference will be hosting a welcome reception at the conference venue, University of Toronto’s Emmanuel College, after the last session of the day. Join other conference delegates and plenary speakers for drinks, light refreshments, and a chance to converse.

We look forward to seeing you!

Downtown Toronto Walking Tour Join other Sport and Society Conference delegates for a private 4 hour walking tour. Toronto’s core is extremely walkable. In 4 hours (with a nice break in the middle and lots of stops along the way) you’ll traverse four unique neighbourhoods downtown and see everything from little corner stores to towering skyscrapers. You’ll see more and learn more than you ever could on your own, and the best part is you will have a fun, friendly, and engaging expert local tour guide with you the whole time! Tour Guys is one of the highest-rated activities in Toronto on Trip Advisor and a member of Tourism Toronto.

Tour Start: Lobby of the Conference Hotel, DoubleTree by Hilton Date: Wednesday, 29 July Time: 2:00-6:00 PM Tour End: Dundas Square, with your Tour Guys offering directions back to the hotel or recommendations for dinner

46 Sport & Society Conference Maps

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47 Sport & Society Conference Maps

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48 Sport & Society Conference Maps

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49 Sport & Society Plenary Speakers

Janelle Joseph Sport, Capitalism, and Men of Colour: Changing the Game or More of the Same? Dr. Janelle Joseph graduated from the University of Toronto doctoral program in Kinesiology and Physical Education in 2010. Since then she has completed two post-doctoral research projects that merge theories of race, gender, and physical cultural studies at the University of Otago in New Zealand and University of Ontario Institute of Technology in . Dr. Joseph has completed innovative and international research and teaching in Brazil, Canada, the Caribbean, England, and New Zealand/Aotearoa. She is co-editor of the book “Race and Sport in Canada: Intersecting Inequalities.”

Victor Matsudo Physical Activity Passport for Health Victor Matsudo graduated from Medicina from Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo (1973). He began his career as an Associate Professor in Medicine from Gama Filho. Currently, he is the Scientific Director of the Fitness Laboratory Studies Center of São Caetano do Sul, General Coordinator of the Agita São Paulo Program-Ministry of Health of São Paulo, Vice-President of ICSSPE-International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education, General Coordinator-Agita Mundo Network, member of the Sports Nutrition Committee-International Olympic Committee member-International Council for Physical Activity and Fitness Research, General Coordinator-Agita São Paulo Program, and CEO of the Physical Activity Network of the Americas. He has experience in Physical Education with an emphasis in Physical Education, acting on the following topics: Physical activity, health, sport, physical fitness, and level of knowledge.

50 Sport & Society Graduate Scholar Awardees

Martin Barrett Martin Barrett is a graduate student working towards an MSc in the Sociology of Sport & Exercise within the Chester Centre for Research into Sport and Society (CCRSS) at the University of Chester. His research interests involve the diffusion of non-native sports and, in particular, how the behaviours and motivations of associated participants are influenced by issues past and present–such as globalisation, immigration, and the significance of key socio-historic events. He has a professional background in sports development having worked in the sector for over a decade in the UK and currently fulfils the role of Senior Officer for Sport Wales, the national sports council responsible for developing and promoting sport and active recreation in Wales. At Sport Wales his work involves managing government investment into grassroots community sport through maintaining effective relationships with key delivery partners.

Sophy Chan Sophy Chan is currently the Community Engagement Coordinator at SPORT4ONTARIO, a not-for-profit organization which advocates for grassroots sport in Ontario. At SPORT4ONTARIO, her work involves identifying barriers and training youth to create sport programming for under-serviced communities in Toronto. A recent graduate of Western University, her research interests involve examining the intersection between sport mega-events, low-income and homeless populations, public policy, displacement, and criminalization of poverty practices. As a PhD student in the Department of Health Sciences at Queen’s University, Sophy seeks to refine her research interests by examining Olympic housing legacy projects as a social and environmental determinant of health in low-income populations.

Dominic Cortis Dominic Cortis is a PhD candidate and a part-time graduate teaching assistant with the Department of Mathematics at The University of Leicester and an assistant lecturer with the Insurance Unit at the University of Malta. He is an associate actuary and his research mainly focuses on sports analytics as well as financial and betting derivatives. He is interested in applying quantitative techniques in interdisciplinary projects.

Yannick Kluch Yannick Kluch is a doctoral student and graduate teaching associate in the School of Media and Communication at Bowling Green State University (BGSU) in Ohio, USA. His research interests include critical and cultural studies of communication and constructions of national and gender identities in and through sport. Yannick has presented his work at the 2015 Summit on Communication and Sport in Charlotte, USA and at the 10th Global Communication Association Conference in , Germany. Yannick is the founding president of the Sport, Social Justice, and Communication Coalition (SSJCC) at BGSU. Under his leadership, SSJCC will launch We Are One Team in 2015, a university- wide initiative that utilizes sport to promote positive social change.

Jenny Lendrum Jenny Lendrum is currently a PhD candidate and Graduate Teaching Assistant in the Department of Sociology at Wayne State University, Detroit, USA. Her earlier research focuses on women in sport, including motivations and limitations, and especially among women who participate in marathon running. Her current work explores how gendered spatial arrangements and social networks of neighborhoods shape the . She is currently conducting research in the city of Detroit, USA.

51 Sport & Society Graduate Scholar Awardees

Stephanie Murphy Stephanie Murphy is a fourth year PhD candidate in the Department of Gender and Women’s Studies at the University of Arizona with a Minor focus in Geography. Her research interests include feminist and queer epistemologies, political economy, state geography, biopower, and US cultural of race and gender formations. Her dissertation, tentatively titled, “‘Strong in Body, Clean in Mind, Lofty in Ideals’: The Biopolitics of Early 20th Century US ” distils the history of early 20th century US women’s basketball in relation to epistemological and ontological struggles over embodiment, social reproduction, and racial and sexual hierarchies. She currently works as an instructor at the University of Arizona and has previously worked as an editorial assistant for the field journal Feminist Formations. She has a MA from the University of Arizona in Gender and Women’s Studies and BAs in International Studies, and Gender and Women’s Studies from the University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana. She is an award winning short filmmaker who loves archival visits. In her spare time she enjoys pickup basketball, dominoes, and home cooking.

Rodrigo de Vasconcellos Pieri Rodrigo de Vasconcellos Pieri is a professor at the Psychology Department at Unisuam University (Rio de Janeiro - Brazil). He has been working on Athletes’ Psychological Development since 2010. He is a member of the Brazilian Athletics Confederation–CBAt and the Brazilian Association of Sport Psychology–ABRAPESP. He has also been a Sport & Society Knowledge Community member since 2013. He is currently enrolled at the Master’s Degree Program in the Social Psychology Department at UERJ (State University of Rio de Janeiro), focusing on Empathy in Sports. He graduated in Psychology at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro–PUC-Rio (2005) and was a post graduate in Jungian Psychology and in Neuroscience and Sport’s Psychology at the Instituto Brasileiro de Medicina e Reabilitação–IBMR (2008; 2013).

Lisa Thomson Lisa Thomson is a PhD candidate in Sociology from the University of New Brunswick. Her research interests include the Sociology of Sport and Leisure, the Sociology of Women, and the Sociology of Health. Specifically, she is interested in querying how one might consider exercise within groups as a way of negotiating time and space, as an instrument for re-envisioning identity politics and as a venue through which to build new kinds of community as women age. When not researching sport and leisure, Lisa works as a fitness instructor specialist, certified through CanFitPro, for Canada’s largest chain of fitness clubs.

Karl Manuel Veth Before joining King’s College London, Veth studied history and Germanic studies for his Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Victoria in Canada. He then moved to Amsterdam where he completed a Masters of Arts degree in European studies at the Universiteit van Amsterdam.

Currently Veth is completing his PhD in History at the University of London King’s College. His thesis is entitled: “Selling the People’s Game: Football’s transition from Communism to Capitalism in the Soviet Union and its Successor States”. He is especially interested in the history of politics and culture of the Soviet Union, as well as sport history during the Cold War.

52 THURSDAY, 30 JULY

THURSDAY, 30 JULY 8:00-9:00 REGISTRATION DESK OPEN 9:00-9:20 CONFERENCE OPENING, KIM KENDALL, HOST, COMMON GROUND PUBLISHING, USA LENARY ESSION ANELLE OSEPH NIVERSITY OF ORONTO ANADA PORT APITALISM AND EN OF OLOUR HANGING THE 9:20-9:50 P S - J J , U T , C , “S , C , M C : C GAME OR MORE OF THE SAME?” 9:50-10:20 GARDEN CONVERSATION 10:20-12:00 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 1 Sports in the Americas 1 Women's Wrestling: Opening Doors and Creating Opportunities for Jennifer Bhalla, Exercise Science, Pacific University, Forest Grove, USA Amanda Stanec, Move Live Learn LLC, St. Louis, USA Overview: This qualitative study explored perceived experiences and opportunities for female wrestlers from North and South America. Females experienced unique opportunities through participation in this often male-defined sport. Theme: 2015 Special Focus: Sport in the Americas A Spirited Game: Caribbean Intersections of Baseball and Religion in North American Film, Literature, and News Media from the Late 1990s to 2014 Dr. Sean O'Neil, Centre for the Study of Sport and Health, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada Overview: This paper examines power asymmetries in North American media representations—in film, literature, and news media—of the intersection of baseball and religion in Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the . Theme: 2015 Special Focus: Sport in the Americas Strong in Body, Clean in Mind, Lofty in Ideals: Basketball as Progressive Era Pedagogy Stephanie Murphy, The Department of Gender and Women's Studies, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA Overview: This paper explores Progressive Era discourses about basketball as a possible technology of social reform, variously conceived by both peoples' movements and state actors. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 2 The Politics of Sport The BDS Campaign Against Israeli Sport: Whatever Happened to Sport for Peace? Dr. Danny Rosenberg, Department of Kinesiology, , St. Catharines, Canada Overview: This paper examines the boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS) movement against Israeli sport and compares this campaign to global sport for peace initiatives. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Strength of the Empire: A Critical Examination of the Commonwealth Games Dr. Amanda N. Schweinbenz, School of Human Kinetics, , Sudbury, Canada Overview: Using postcolonialism, this paper is a critical reflection of the history of the Commonwealth Games as a justification and celebration of British exploitation. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Canadian Government Acts and Policies for Sport and Recreation: Past, Present and Future Dr. George Karlis, School of Human Kinetics, School of Human Kinetics, , Canada Evan Webb, School of Human Kinetics, , Ottawa, Canada Overview: The purpose of this paper is to present the historical evolution, contemporary trends, and predict future directions of Canadian government acts and policies for sport and recreation. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities "In-ger-land, In-ger-land, In-ger-land!": Exploring the Effect of the England Men's Senior Football Team on Asylum Seekers' Sense of National Identity Dr. Donna Woodhouse, Department of Sport, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffeild, UK Dominic Conricode, Sheffield Hallam University, UK Overview: The topic of this paper is the importance of soccer to UK asylum seekers in terms of identity formation and integration. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

53 THURSDAY, 30 JULY 10:20-12:00 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 3 Who is the Amateur? Amateurism After O'Bannon: Using Charles Taylor's "Social Imaginary" to Reexamine the Debate Jason Smith, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA Overview: I attempt to trace the roots of the conflict between Amateurism and Commericialism within the background assumptions of American society, what Charles Taylor called the "social imaginary." Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Understanding and Redefining Amateurism in the NCAA Vlad Bursuc, Louis D. Brandeis School of Law, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA Overview: This study is an attempt to reconcile the history and nature of amateurism with the overly commercial and revenue-generating aspects of American college men's basketball and football. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Walter H. Liginger: Arbiter and Custodian of Amateurism and the Olympic Ideal Dr. David James Waters, Sport Management and Leadership Program Dahl School of Business, Viterbo University, La Crosse, USA Overview: I examine Walter H. Liginger’s psyche as “arbiter and custodian of amateurism,” through influence with Milwaukee Athletic Club, Amateur Athletic Union, Olympic Committee, Wisconsin Athletic Commission, and National Boxing Association. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization The Values of Community : A Case Study Donald Brooks, Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada Julie Stevens, Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada Martha Barnes, Applied Health Sciences, Brock, St. Catharines, Canada Overview: This is a qualitative examination of the professionalization of curling and the consequential effect on values within the sport at the community level. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Room 4 Learning through Sport Respect in Sport Julie Booke, Department of Physical Education and Recreation Studies, , Calgary, Canada Joe Pavelka, Physical education and Recreation Studies, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada Overview: Requiring parents to complete a program on improving respect has increased awareness of negative behavior, and identified a need for better integration and accountability to truly improve respect in sport. Theme: Sports Education The Voices of Children, Aged 10-11 Years Old Revisited: London 2012 and the Olympic Legacy Dr. Barry Costas, School of Education, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK Overview: This paper forms part of a longitudinal study where the views of children who took part in the Olympic Opening ceremony at London 2012 were examined alongside the Olympic Legacy. Theme: Sports Education What Junior School Boys and Girls Say about Being Physically Active: Understanding Children's Self-directed Motivations to Be Active Linda Caroline Plowright, Centre for Research in Education and Education Technology; Faculty of Education, Languages and Sport, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK Overview: Revealing children’s expertise in their own physical activity worlds highlights what might motivate children to be active for life. Our dialogue addresses early data and implications for practitioners and policy. Theme: Sport and Health Room 5 Sporting Cultures The Meaning of Soccer and Its Effects on Wellbeing for Community Practices Dr. Andre Luiz Teixeira Reis, University of Brasilia, UnB, Faculty of Physical Education, , Faculty of Arts, Department of , Brasilia, Brazil Overview: This is a literature review using anthropological approaches designed to uncover peoples’ understanding of soccer, its meaning and wellbeing effects. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Soccer Migration: South American Soccer Player Migration to the Former Soviet Union between 1991-2014 Karl Manuel Veth, History, King's College London, London, UK Overview: This paper aims to highlight the changes in player migration patterns of South American players to clubs in the former Soviet Union in the period of 1991 to 2014. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Fan Identities in Football: An Empirical Approach Andreas Grau, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and iolenceV (IKG), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany Dr. Martin Winands, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and iolenceV (IKG), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany Overview: The paper focuses on fan identification with professional football teams (or soccer, as it is sometimes known). Based on quantitative survey- data different theoretical categorizations of football fans will be compared. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Birmingham School Reconsidered: Professional Skateboarding and Class Consciousness Dax D'Orazio, Institute of Political Economy, , Ottawa, Canada Overview: This paper is a reconsideration of the Birmingham School's initial theoretical approach to subcultures. It discusses largely unexamined skateboard media to demonstrate how professional skateboarding has exhibited a quasi-class consciousness. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

12:00-12:50 LUNCH

54 THURSDAY, 30 JULY 12:50-14:30 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 1 Inclusion and Participation Rugby Women as Exception(al) Cameron Michels, Sexuality Studies Department, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA Overview: This paper utilizes queer theory to conceptualize women’s rugby in the United States as part of a larger nationalist project. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Sunshine Girls: Understanding the Emergence and Development of in Jamaica Martin Barrett, Chester Centre for Research into Sport and Society (CCRSS), University of Chester, Chester, UK Overview: This essay seeks to understand the relative success of this small island nation within international netball by contextualising a series of key defining events and milestones in Jamaican history. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Gender Politics and the Olympic Heyday of Women: A Comparative Study of Six Countries Dr. Daniel Añorve, Department of Political Studies, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico Overview: The paper analyzes and contrasts the public policies that have either fostered or restrained the Olympic participation as well as the Olympic results of women in six different countries. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Sport and Social Exclusion: Experiences of Transgender People in Northern Ireland Prof. Owen Hargie, School of Communication, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK Dr. Ian Somerville, School of Communication, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK Dr. David Mitchell, Irish School of Ecumenics, Belfast, Trinity College Dublin, Belfast, UK Overview: This paper explores the views of transgender people in relation to their experiences of sport. Their narratives are examined within the theoretical rubrics of minority stress theory and social exclusion. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 2 Branding and Perception The Evolution of Fantasy Sports Journalism Prof. Mead Loop, Department of Journalism, Ithaca College, Ithaca, USA Overview: A survey among fantasy sports journalists in the United States conducted in 2010, then replicated in 2012 and 2014, reveals changes and maturation in ethical and workplace practices. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization The Millennial Age Group: Their Perspectives on the Sport of Curling Dr. Cheryl Mallen, Department of Sport Management, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada Dr. Chris Chard, Department of Sport Management, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada Scott McRoberts, Athletics, Scarborough Campus, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Overview: An on-line survey completed by 304 millennial undergraduate students and 22 focus group participants sought to understand how the sport of curling could be rebranded for the millennial age group. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Overrating Bruins, Underrating Lobos: Media, Prestige, and College Basketball Rankings Dr. Daniel Hawkins, Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Omaha, Omaha, USA Dr. Andrew Lindner, Department of Sociology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, USA Ryan Larson, Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA Overview: Using 25 years of rankings from the Associated Press college basketball poll, we examine the patterns and predictors of consistent overrating (or underrating) of certain teams by the media. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization The Mini U Brochure: Advertising Racial Exclusion at the , Canada? JuSung Kim, Kinesiology and Recreation Management Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada Dr. Jay Johnson, Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada Overview: We analyze visual images and texts of 2015 Mini U brochure, (summer sport and academic programming for youth through the University of Manitoba) which seemingly reproduces racial inequalities. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

55 THURSDAY, 30 JULY 12:50-14:30 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 3 Diversity, Knowledge, and Practice The Impact of an "Equal Opportunities" Ideological Framework on Coaches’ Knowledge and Practice Dr. Leanne Norman, School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK Overview: The paper examines the conceptualiation of gender equity by UK sporting organisations. This is discussed in relation to the impact on the UK national coaching curricula and subsequent coaching practice. Theme: Sports Education Media Images and Their Impact on the Academic Identity Development of Black Male Student Athletes Dr. LaVar J. Charleston, Wisconsin's Equity and Inclusion Laboratory Wisconsin Center for Education Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA Dr. Jerlando F. L. Jackson, Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis Wisconsin's Equity and Inclusion Laboratory (Wei LAB) Wisconsin Center for Education Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA Overview: This qualitative study explores the extent to which Black male student-athletes’ ideas about their academic identity and development are influenced or shaped by the media. Theme: Sports Education Muslim Men and their Physical Activity and Sport Experiences: An Exploratory Study Dr. Yuka Nakamura, School of Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty of Health, , Canada Overview: This paper explores the physical activity and sport experiences of Muslim men from southwestern Ontario, and how these experiences shape their sense of identity and masculinity. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Relationship between Race and Visual Motor Skills in Adolescent Cricket Players in South Dr. Sharhidd Taliep, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa Ruan Rust, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise & Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Njabulo Mhlongo, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise & Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Dr. Janine Gray, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise & Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Dr. Catherine Draper, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise & Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Dr. Sherylle Calder, Cape Town, South Africa Christi Botha, Cape Town, South Africa Overview: In South Africa, Black African adolescent cricket players have weaker visual motor skills than Coloured/Indian and White players. This could explain their poor performance in the sport. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 4 Sport Cultures and the Self Crunching Identities: Group Fitness as a Place for Self-Construction Lisa Thomson, Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada Overview: In this paper I draw upon my own experiences to provide an autoethnographic analysis of individual identity formation through participation in and leading group fitness classes. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities “More Plates, More Dates?”: Masculinity and the Male Body in US College Recreational Bodybuilding Yannick Kluch, School of Media and Communication, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, USA Overview: This paper analyzes the construction of masculinity in recreational bodybuilding in U.S. college gym culture. Both the male body and bodybuilding as means to secure masculine capital are examined. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Girls Just Want to Have Fun: Gendered Discourse in English Soccer Alison Bambridge, School of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent, UK Overview: In the realm of English soccer, women are still subject to gendered discourse and practices which serve to marginalise them and exclude them from the game. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Impact of Sports, Learning, and Service the Community and Young African American Athletes Dr. Charles Crowley, Exercise Science and Sport Studies, University of PA, West Mifflin, USA Dr. Wardell Johnson, Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, USA Overview: The purpose of this study was to examine service learning experience of African American male basketball players. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

56 THURSDAY, 30 JULY 12:50-14:30 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 5 Sport and Development The Impact of Evolving NCAA Legislation in the United States on National and International Recruitable Athletes Cameron Rowland, Frederick Meijer Honors College, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, USA Prof. Maris Stella Swift, Siedman College of Business, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, USA Overview: Up and coming collegiate athletes will be experiencing new demands and benefits throughout their athletic careers due to the new NCAA legislation that has granted the Power 5 conferences autonomy. Theme: Sport and Development The High Performance Management Model: From Olympic and Professional to University Sport in the United States Dr. Peter Smolianov, Department of Sport and Movement Science, Salem State University, Salem, USA Jed Smith, University of Northern Iowa Athletics, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, USA Overview: This is a historical review of High Performance Management (HPM), content analysis HPM job descriptions and a case study of a new US university. Theme: Sport and Development Intent Through Event: Power, Interests, and Identity in the Hosting of Sporting Mega-Events Joseph Scanlon, Department of Anthropology, History, Political Science, and Sociology, State University of New York at Monroe Community College, Rochester, USA Overview: This paper investigates how states use sporting-mega events to build identity in international relations. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities An American Peacock in Sochi: NBC's Coverage of LGBT Discrimination in Russia during the 2014 Winter Olympic Games Dr. Derek Van Rheenen, of Education M.A., Cultural Studies of Sport in Education Athletic Study Center, University of California, Berkeley, USA Overview: The paper provides a textual analysis of the U.S. National Broadcasting Company’s (NBC’S) television coverage devoted to LGBT issues in Russia during the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

14:30-14:45 BREAK 14:45-15:15 TALKING CIRCLES Room 1 - Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 2 - Sport and Health Room 3 - Sports Education Room 4 - Sports Management and Commercialization Room 5 - 2015 Special Focus: Sport in the Americas 15:15-15:20 SESSION TRANSITION 15:20-17:00 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 1 Making Meaning The Identity of the Hockey Player: Film versus Reality Dr. John Scott Gray, Humanities Department, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, USA Overview: Hockey movies capture authentic hockey in a way that many other sport’s films do not, and in doing so help sustain the ethos of hockey. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities National and Cultural Identity and Ongoing Support for Sport Teams: Pre-Toronto 2015 Parapan American Games Context Dr. Jill Le Clair, Centre for Business in Society (CBiS), Coventry University, Coventry, UK Overview: National identity has become increasingly important contested site of political debate, tied to questions of loyalties and cultural values. This paper examines Canadian identities and support for national sport teams. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Clash of Civilizations? Postcolonialism and the Cricket Order Dr. Walter H. Persaud, Humanities and Languages Division, Mahidol University International College (MUIC), Bangkok, Thailand Overview: Cricket was used as an instrument of the British empire. However, with the rise of India, the form, content and structure of cricket has been subjected to decononization and transformation. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

57 THURSDAY, 30 JULY 15:20-17:00 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 2 Management and Administration An Analysis of Attitudes and Perceptions of UK and International Supporters towards Membership Schemes Andrew Garside, Liverpool, UK Dr. Joseph Peter McGrath, Liverpool Business School, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK Overview: This research examines similarities and differences of attitudes towards and perceptions of football club membership schemes from both UK and international football fans perspective. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Comparing Practices of US against a Global Model for Integrated Development of Mass and High Performance Sport Dr. Peter Smolianov, Department of Sport and Movement Science, Salem State University, Salem, USA Dr. Steven Dion, Department of Sport and Movement Science, Salem State University, Salem, USA Robin Benton, Sport and Movement Science Department, Salem State University, Salem, USA Jonathan Sheehan, Sport and Movement Science Department, Salem State University, Salem, USA Overview: To help and improve performance and increase swimming participation in the US, over 200 literature sources from 28 countries were analyzed and over 100 US swim coaches and administrators surveyed. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Lessons Learned from a Contested Sport Legacy Martha Barnes, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada Dr. Carol Phillips, Niagara Community Observatory, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada Overview: This paper will discuss a contested sport legacy through the lens of urban regime theory. Attention will be paid to distinguishing between planning for legacies and implementing legacy projects. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Room 3 Sports Education Suburban Student Athletes: Driven to Overachieve Siah Fried, Physical Education Department, Las Positas College, Pleasanton, USA Overview: Student participants were asked to respond to an excerpt from a book describing unhealthy pressure placed on suburban kids to overachieve in athletics and academics. Theme: Sports Education Negotiating a Liberative Pedagogy in SDP: Understanding Consciousness Raising through the Go Sisters Programme in Zambia Dr. Oscar Mwaanga, Faculty of Business, Sport and Enterprise, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, UK Sam Prince, Centre for Event and Sport Research School of Tourism, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK Overview: This paper explores the potential educative value of SDP programmes drawing on Paulo Freire’s conscientization from findings in a ecentr longitudinal qualitative study on the Go Sisters programme in Zambia. Theme: Sports Education Physical Education and Public Policy Thomas Skovgaard, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Overview: The paper focuses on Physical Education (PE) as public policy. The aim is to analyze particular aspects of political decision-making processes taken from the recent history of PE in Denmark. Theme: Sports Education Coaching and the Ethics of Care: An Examination of Athlete Shaming in Sport Emily Irene Neves McCullogh, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada Overview: This paper examines the use of shaming as a coaching practice within the context of youth sport. It concludes that shaming is an inappropriate method that ought not be used. Theme: Sports Education Room 4 The Olympic Event The 1912 Australasian Olympic Swimming Team: A Symbol of a Progressive Society, or a Lust for ? Grace Barnes, Faculty of Arts and Social Science School of Creative Practice, University of Technolgy, Sydney, Australia Overview: When two female swimmers were excluded from the 1912 Olympic team, public outcry reversed the decision. Was this a modern, emancipated Australia, or were other factors at play? Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Re-thinking Our Story: Curling and the Olympic Effect Simon Barrick, Recreation and Leisure Studies, , Toronto, Canada Richard Norman, Recreation and Leisure Studies, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Toronto, Canada Dr. Heather Mair, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Waterloo University, Toronto, Canada Overview: This is a qualitative exploration of the impact of official Olympic status upon the sport of curling. Interviews with key leaders in Canadian curling reveal a changing sport self-image. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Examining Public Policy, Low Income Communities, Displacement, and the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games Sophy Chan, Health Promotion, SPORT4ONTARIO; Queen's University, Toronto, Canada Overview: In the lead-up to the 2010 Olympics, Vancouver witnessed the displacement of many low-income communities as a result of numerous longstanding and unaddressed problems in municipal housing policies. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

58 THURSDAY, 30 JULY 15:20-17:00 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 5 Late Additions Public Policy for High Performance Sport in Brazil: The "Athlete Allowance" and the "Podium Allowance" Projects Dr. Fernando Mezzadri, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Dr. Wanderley Marchi Júnior, Departament Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Overview: Based on this assumption, this study aims to analyze two public policies of the Ministry of Sport Brazil for high performance sport: the "Athlete allowance" and the "Podium allowance." Theme: Sport and Development London 2012 Volunteering: Implications for Social Inclusion Olesya Nedvetskaya, Department of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, USA Overview: London 2012 had an ambitious Volunteering Strategy aimed to deepen engagement and widen access to volunteering among socially excluded groups. This paper critically examines initial promises against delivered outcomes. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

59 FRIDAY, 31 JULY

FRIDAY, 31 JULY 8:35-9:15 REGISTRATION DESK OPEN 9:15-9:30 DAILY UPDATE LENARY ESSION ICTOR ATSUDO CIENTIFIC IRECTOR ENTER OF TUDIES FROM THE HYSICAL ITNESS ESEARCH 9:30-10:00 P S - V M , S D , C S P F R LABORATORY OF SAO CAETANO DO SUL, BRAZIL, "PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PASSPORT FOR HEALTH" 10:00-10:30 GARDEN CONVERSATION 10:30-12:10 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 1 Football Identities The Football Playing Doll's Head: Gender Identities, Football and Self Hanya Pielichaty, Tourism and Events Subject Group Lincoln Business School, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK Overview: This study aims to unearth the meaning of the football self and to explore how this influences girls’ and women’s understanding and experiences of girlhood, gender and family life. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Ultras Culture: A Transnational Phenomenon? Suzan Gibril, Department of Political Science, Cevipol, ULB, Brussels, Belgium Ekaterina Gloriozova, Brussels, Belgium Overview: The paper focuses on the specificities of the Ultras culture by comparing the Egyptian and Russian cases, thus highlighting common values, norms and principles shared by Ultras of both countries. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Interactions of Football Fans: The Game at the Game’s Edge Dr. Martin Winands, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and iolenceV (IKG), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany Overview: I discuss the results of a three-year ethnographical research project in Germany, which deals with the production of interaction orders at the fan’s stands. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Fifteen Years of Beckhamology and David’s Coming Third Age Dr. Momin Rahman, Sociology, , Peterborough, Canada Overview: I use Beckham as an example of the increasing importance of sporting celebrity in the expansion of Third Age identities - emergent senior identities that re-signify negative ideas about ageing. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 2 Understanding Athletes The Phenomenal Success of South Korean Female Golfers: An Analysis of Factors That Can Be Emulated by Athletes Regardless of Gender or Ethnicity Jae Hyun Lee, Educational designing consulting, Prime Education Consulting, Leonia, USA Prof. Lewis Seagull, English Department, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, USA Keeho Kang, Horace Mann School, New York, USA Overview: The success of South Korean women golfers is analyzed to discern patterns that can be emulated by all athletes regardless of gender, ethnicity or sport. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Effects of and Whole Body Vibration Exercises on Some Physical Fitness Parameters Assist. Prof. Nurcan Demirel, Department of Coaching Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Gul Tiryaki-Sonmez, Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, The City University Of New York, New York, USA Serife Vatansever Ozen, Department of Coaching Education, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey Assist. Prof. C.Tuğrulhan Sam, Department of Coaching Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey Dr. Fatih Kaya, Department of Coaching Education, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey Dr. Mustafa Said Erzeybek, Department of Coaching Education, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey Burcin Olcucu, Department of Coaching Education, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey Overview: The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the effects of six weeks of gymnastics and whole body vibration exercises on some physical fitness parameters. Theme: Sport and Health Representatitons of Disability Sport in the Turkish Mainstream Print Media: The Case of 2004, 2008 and 2012 Paralympics Mehmet Ata Ozturk, Department of Physical Education & Sports, School of Education, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Overview: This study examines narratives and photographs from five national print newspapers. Emerged themes, nature of poses, gender comparison are investigated in a longitudinal approach. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

60 FRIDAY, 31 JULY 10:30-12:10 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 3 Scandals, Ethics, and Myths What Does the Posthuman Wear to the Pool? Technological Doping and Other Myths about Technology and Sports John Lamothe, Communication & Humanities, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, USA Overview: The LZR swimsuit controversy challenges common discourse about performance enhancement and forces a reexamination of technology’s role in modern sports. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Sport Sponsorship and the Canadian Medicinal Marijuana Industry Dr. Cheryl Mallen, Department of Sport Management, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada Adel Mansurov, Department of Sport Management, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada Overview: Medicinal marijuana is now a legal industry in Canada. Should this lucrative industry be able to sponsor sport? Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization The New Zealand Cricket Scandal: What Is the World doing about Match-fixing in Sport? Elizabeth Toomey, School of Law, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Overview: New Zealand's match-fixing scandal has focused attention on how countries are addressing the rapid rise of this sporting corruption. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Home and Away: The Representation of Masculinity and Blame in Discussions of Domestic Violence in the NFL Dr. Jeremy Schnieder, Writing and Rhetoric, Morningside College, Sioux City, USA Dr. Jessica Tinklenberg, Religious Studies, Morningside College, Sioux City, USA Overview: We argue that rhetorical choices of blame and blame-shifting should inform discussions of masculinity as it came to be perceived during the NFL’s numerous domestic violence investigations in 2014. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 4 The Business of Sports All-Star or Benchwarmer? Relative Age, Cohort Size and Career Success in the NHL Tingting Zhang, Centre for Industrial Relations and Human Resources, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Dr. Alex Bryson, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London, UK Rafael Gomez, Centre for Industrial Relations and Human Resources, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Overview: We analyze the performance outcomes of (NHL) players over 18 seasons (1990-1991 to 2007-2008) as a function of the demographic conditions into which they were born. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Impacts of Legal Issues on Sports Business in the United States XiaoShi Zhang, Faculty of law, University of Macau, Macao, China Overview: The paper mainly discusses the impacts of various legal disputes on sport business in the United States. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization A Public Interpretation of Brazil's World Cup Performance Dominic Cortis, Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK Overview: The furor surrounding hosting the World Cup meant that Brazil was considered as the most likely team to win the World Cup. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Room 5 Youth, Education, and Sport Improving the Well-being of Children and Youth: Designing and Piloting a Multicomponent School-based Physical Activity Intervention Thomas Skovgaard, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Søren Smedegaard, Odense, Denmark Overview: The aim of this research program is to develop, implement and evaluate a multicomponent school-based physical activity intervention to improve psychosocial well-being among school-aged children and youth in Denmark. Theme: Sports Education Examining the Implementation of a Physical Activity Intervention in Primary Schools: A Process Evaluation of the Svendborg Project Jonas Vestergaard, Research & Innovation Center for Human Movement & Learning, Research in Childhood Health, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Overview: This study aims at increasing knowledge transfer to establish effective health promoting interventions, based on a primary school intervention with documented health effects of six physical education lessons a week. Theme: Sports Education A Bench Model of Confidence in Sports Olivia Kellyann Rose, Sports Department, University of the , Mona, Kingston, Jamaica Overview: Confidence in sports is important and affects how athletes perceive their contribution. This study explores how being a starter or substitute player impacts their level of confidence. Theme: Sports Education

12:10-13:05 LUNCH

61 FRIDAY, 31 JULY 13:05-14:20 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 1 Posters Could Athletes Benefit from Routine Eye Exams? Dr. Kristine Nicole Dalton, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada Overview: Despite vision being important for sport, past research suggests that 25% athletes have never had an eye exam. This study found 35-55% of athletes need an eye exam. Theme: Sport and Health Contractual Stability in Sport Marta Miró Manero, Catalan Sports Observatory, , Spain Ingrid Hinojosa Alcalde, Catalan Sports Observatory, Barcelona, Spain Rafael Tarragó García, Catalan Sports Observatory, Barcelona, Spain Núria Puig Barata, Catalan Sports Observatory, Barcelona, Spain Andreu Camps Povill, Catalan Sports Observatory, Lleida, Spain Overview: This report compares some of the results of the study “The labor market in the context of sport in ” with data about the general labor market in Catalonia. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization An Investigation of the Impact of Hand Preference Distribution and Functional Lateralization upon Grip Strength Dr. Mustafa Said Erzeybek, Sport Management, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey Dr. Fatih Kaya, Turkey Arzu Kiratli, Turkey Nurcan Demirel, Sport Education, Physical Education and Sports Academy, Erzurum, Turkey Overview: We investigate the hand preference distribution among massage students. Theme: Sport and Health Athletic Identity in University Athletes: Differences for Gender and Type of Sport Michel N. Bouchahine, Psychology, Houston Baptist University, Houston, USA Valerie A. Bussell, College of Education and Behavioral Sciences, Houston Baptist University, Houston, USA Overview: This research examined the athletic identity of collegiate athletes and the differences for gender and type of sport. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Examination of the Relationship between Aerobic Capacity and Competition Performance of Players Gülsen Tosun Tunç, Physical Education and Sports Department, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Hürmüz Koç, Erciyes University, Physical Education and Sports Department, Physical Education and Sport Department, Kayseri, Turkey Overview: The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between aerobic capacity and competition performance of elite handball players. Theme: Sport and Health Slovak Hockey Players Departing to Northern America in the 1980s Rudolf Kucharcik, Department of Political Science, Alexander Dubcek University in Trencin, Trencin, Slovakia Karol Janas, Department of Political Science, Trenčianska univerzita Alexandra Dubčeka, Trencin, Slovakia Overview: Despite the fact that sportsmen were privileged in Communist Czechoslovakia they could not join any clubs abroad. It was one of the reasons why many opted for illegal emigration. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Indigenous Sport Coaches: A Socio-Ecological Investigation of the Facilitators and Barriers to Careers in Sports Coaching Dr. Andrew Bennie, Health and Physical Education, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia Dr. Nicholas Apoifis, Health and Physical Education, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia Jeffrey Caron, Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Overview: This research investigates the facilitators and barriers for Indigenous people gaining sport coaching roles within Australian professional sport contexts. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities An Exercise Intervention Program to Improve Sport Attitudes and Practices and Physical Fitness of Female University Students Ruey-Yu Chen, School of Public Health, Taiwan Health and Productivity Management Association, Taipei, Taiwan Ching-Ying Yeh, School of Public Health, Taiwan Health and Productivity Management Association, Taipei, Taiwan Overview: We discuss a twelve week exercise intervention program for university female students. Theme: Sport and Health Social Capital in Japanese Community Sports: The Comprehensive Community Sports Club as a PE Coordinator Hiromi Nakamura, Information Research Division, Department of Information & International Relations, Japan Sport Coucil, London, UK Overview: This study aims to understand how social capital worked when the Japanese government introduced “the PE coordinator programme” that was delivered by a new type of local community clubs. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Sports for Social Health and Peace through Educational Intervention Dr. Pramod C Sharma, Department of Physical Education, KMC, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Overview: Sport is considered valuable for international education of peace, but social toxicity deprives it of its benefits. A edefinedr education system can play an important role, promoting values of sport. Theme: Sports Education The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Heart Rate and Power Output among Obese Males Hassan Almoslim, Physical Education Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Daharan, Saudi Arabia Overview: The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of high intensity interval training on heart rate and power output among obese males. Theme: Sport and Health

62 FRIDAY, 31 JULY 13:05-14:20 PARALLEL SESSIONS Catalan Plan for Sport in Schools Ingrid Hinojosa Alcalde, Catalan Sports Observatory, Barcelona, Spain Marta Miró Manero, Catalan Sports Observatory, Barcelona, Spain Rafael Tarragó García, Catalan Sports Observatory, Barcelona, Spain Andreu Camps Povill, Catalan Sports Observatory, Lleida, Spain Núria Puig Barata, Catalan Sports Observatory, Barcelona, Spain Overview: Through this poster the Catalan Sports Observatory analyzes the participation and impact of sport in the territory of the Catalan for Sports in Schools. Theme: Sports Education Mobbing Action in Team Sports and the Perceptions of Athletes Assoc. Prof. Melih Nuri Salman, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Melih N. Salman Aksaray University Physical Education and Sport High Scholl, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey Sinem Yalçındağ, Ankara, Turkey Overview: The aim of this research is to examine mobbing behavior in sports, which constitutes an important part in our social life and to determine athletes' perceptions about mobbing. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Usage and Beliefs about Dietary Supplements among Professional Soccer Players in Saudi Arabia Sulaiman O. Aljaloud, Exercise Physiology Department, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Overview: The objectives of this study were to assess the frequency and quantity of usage of dietary supplements by Saudi professional soccer players. Theme: Sport and Health Room 2 Sport Roles in History Playing the Racial Game: America's Pastime and South Africa's Obsession Colin du Plessis, Department of Historical and Heritage Studies., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Overview: The establishment of racially differentiated official sporting bodies in American baseball and South African rugby shows how the formalisation of "play" served to create and perpetuate racial divisions. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Fit to Fight: The Young Men's Christian Association and the American Military in Dr. Rich Loosbrock, Department of History, Adams State University, Alamosa, USA Overview: The YMCA accompanied troops to in the First World War, exposing millions of soldiers to the organization's unique of sport for social change. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Tearing Up the Track on the World Stage: Caribbean-born Sports Hero’s Battling Racism and Sexism in Canadian Society 1980-2000 Dr. Dwaine Plaza, Department of Sociology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA Dr. Carl James, School of Education, York University, Toronto, Canada Overview: This paper is concerned with examining the roller coaster of “identity” politics among the elite Caribbean Canadian track athletes during the 1970-2000 periods. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 3 Understanding Roller Derby, American Culture at its Finest: An Ethnographic Study of This Unique Discourse Community Felicia Dziadek, M.A., English Department, First Year Writing Programs, A&M University -Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, USA Dr. Tracy Calley-, Texas State, New Braunfels, USA Overview: This ethnographic study on Roller Derby explores this discourse community as a means to empower women in sports and examine the role R.D. is making within the field of sports. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Derby Girls: Jamming the Myths Karen Sabbah, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, USA Overview: Society has branded derby girls as lesbians and – according to popular culture – not “real” women, which trivializes the sports athleticism. This research examines the lesbianism and athleticism myths. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities The Hive Mind in Women's Flat Track Roller Derby Dr. Payal Doctor, Division of Academic Affairs, CUNY-LaGuardia Community College, Long Island City, USA Overview: Does the team mindset of Gotham Girls Roller Derby fit the criteria for collective intentionality and joint action? Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

63 FRIDAY, 31 JULY 13:05-14:20 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 4 Global Development Civic Engagement, Social Inclusion and Sport in Post-conflict Northern Ireland Dr. Ian Somerville, School of Communication, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK Prof. Owen Hargie, School of Communication, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK Dr. David Mitchell, Irish School of Ecumenics, Belfast, Trinity College Dublin, Belfast, UK Overview: This paper reports on results of a major study into sport in post-conflict Northern Ireland. The role sport plays in cross community engagement is examined and policy implications are discussed. Theme: Sport and Development The Rhetoric of Social Inclusion: A Theoretical Perspective on Disability Issues in Sporting Mega Events Shauna Cappe, School of Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty of Graduate Studies, York University, Toronto, Canada Overview: The impact of sporting mega events on people with disabilities is of crucial importance in the context of the commonly accepted rhetoric of their positive social implications. Theme: Sport and Development Room 5 Late Additions The Question of Refereeing Performance in Média Narratives: A Case Study in World Cup Football Fatia Terfous, Blaise Pascal University, Acté, Clermont-Ferrand, France Géraldine Rix-Lièvre, Blaise Pascal University, Acté, Clermont-Ferrand, France Overview: The study focuses on articles about referees appearing in l’Equipe (daily sports newspaper) during the past five football world cups organised respectively in Brazil, South Africa, Germany,Corea/Japan and France (1998). Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

14:20-14:35 COFFEE BREAK 14:35-16:15 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 1 Sports in the Americas: 2 Le Base-ball: The National Pastime in Franco-America Jonathan Gosnell, Department of French Studies, Smith College, Northampton, USA Overview: Can one maintain French ethnic identity while participating in “Americas’s” national pastime? This article will explore the cultural impact of baseball in Franco-American communities in early industrial New England. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Minor League Baseball Prices: A Modified Fan Cost Index for the New ork-PennY League Dr. Chip Baumgardner, Management Department, Penn College, Williamsport, USA Overview: A Modified Fan Cost Index (mFCI) is employed to evaluate the cost of a comparable basket of goods for each of the teams in the New York Penn League. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization Surfing and the Southern California Coast: Surfers, Corporations, and Government, 1963-Present H. Michael Gelfand, Department of History Department of Interdisciplinary Liberal Studies Honors Program, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, USA Overview: Since 1963, surfers have interacted with Southern California corporations and federal, state, and local governments on coastal projects with surf zone impacts. This paper examines these relationships. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Sport as Art Form: A Look at Four American Ballgames Glenn LaVertu, Art, Media and Technology, Parson's the New School for Design, Middletown, USA Overview: This writing seeks to legitimize sports as an art form through comparing strategies and play of American sports with the arts, and how this artistry can generate social commentary. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Room 2 Sport and Higher Education The Role of Athletics in University Culture and Identity Dr. Donald Pierson, Academic Affairs, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, USA Dana Skinner, Athletics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, USA Overview: How does increased emphasis on Excellence in Athletics affect University Culture? This is a case study from the University of Massachusetts Lowell. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Communication Challenges in University Athletic Departments: Preempting Crises Dr. Alan Zaremba, Office of the Dean - College of Arts, Media and Design, Northeastern University, Boston, USA Dr. Frederick Wiseman, D'Amore-McKim School of Business, Northeastern University, Boston, USA Overview: This paper describes the results of preliminary research and focus groups that have identified ecurringr communication challenges in university athletic departments. Theme: Sports Education National Basketball Association Draft Eligibility and Major College Basketball’s Professionalized Commercialistic Structure Dr. Robert C. Schneider, The College at Brockport, State University of New York, Rochester, USA Overview: This paper discusses erroneous claims that the NBA draft eligibility rule diminishes the educationally based values of higher education to which major college basketball is beholden. Theme: Sports Management & Commercialization

64 FRIDAY, 31 JULY 14:35-16:15 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 3 Event Policies, Planning, and Impacts Event-Led Sport Policy: Development or Distraction? Dr. Laura Misener, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Canada Dr. Gayle McPherson, School of Media, Culture and Society, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK Dr. David McGillivray, School of Media, Culture and Society, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK Dr. David Legg, Sport and Recreation Management, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada Overview: We critically examine a case of event-led parasport policy development to demonstrate how events can serve as deterrents to established parasport participation opportunities. Theme: Sport and Development What Sport Can Teach: Translating the Values and Skills Learned through Sport into Social Capacity Dr. Jennifer Walinga, School of Communication and Culture - Faculty of Social and Applied Sciences, , Victoria, Canada Overview: Learning how to distill the skills and values athletes learn through sport and translate these learnings into social contributions enacts the potential of sport to enhance human and social development. Theme: Sport and Development Social Impacts and Outcomes of Different Types of Sport Events Dr. Marijke Taks, Dept. of Kinesiology, , Windsor, Canada Meagan Littlejohn, Dept. of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada Dr. Laura Wood, Dept. of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada Dr. Ryan Snelgrove, Dept. of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada Overview: Different types of sport events generate diverse impacts, outcomes and legacies for host communities. Opportunities for social impacts and outcomes resulting from different types of sport events will be discussed. Theme: Sport and Development Research on the Empathy of Brazilian Coaches Lívia Gomes Viana Meireles, Psychology, UERJ Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Rodrigo de Vasconcellos Pieri, Psychology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Ana carolina Monnerat Fioravanti Bastos, Psychology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Dr. Angela Donato Oliva, Psychology, UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; UFRJ - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Overview: This paper studies Coach empathy in order to analyze the social relationships intrinsic to sport as a promotion of human development. Theme: Sport and Development Room 4 Women in Sport Surfing the Concrete Wave: A Narrative Inquiry on the Nature of Female Participation in Longboarding Meghan Annie Johnson, Department: Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada Overview: Theoretically oriented within critical , the purpose of this narrative inquiry is to illuminate the intersections of gender and sport experience in longboarding sport sub-culture. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Women in Male-Dominated Motorsports: Perceptions and Willingness to Compete Dr. Cecilia Ann Brantley, Health-Wellness Education/Business, BodyParts Fitness, Ltd., Chicago, USA Overview: Awareness is generated that was previously overlooked in various sports of hegemonic environments. New knowledge is added to the sociology of sport literature; women in male-dominated motorsports are risk-takers. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities You Play Ball Like a G-g-g-i-r-r-l-l! Student Attitudes about Gender Constructions in Sport Dr. Carolyn Fortuna, Media Education Lab, USA Overview: This mixed methodology study analyzes high school students’ attitudes about sex and gender in sports after a media intervention. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities Motivations and Limitations: Experiences of Marathoning Women Jenny Lendrum, Sociology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA Overview: The purpose of this work is to explore race and gender within the sport of marathoning. Theme: Sporting Cultures and Identities

65 FRIDAY, 31 JULY 14:35-16:15 PARALLEL SESSIONS Room 5 Psychology, Sports, and Health Psychological Well-being, Nutrition and Reproductive Health of Exercisers: A Comparison between Aesthetic Exercisers and General Exercisers Dr. Tiffany Lavis, Student Learning Centre School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Overview: A comparative study of aesthetic exercisers' (e.g., bodybuilders) and general exercisers' psychological well-being (e.g., propensity for eating disorders and/or body image issues), eating behaviours, and reproductive health. Theme: Sport and Health Australian Football, Masculinity, and the Acceptance of Pain and Injury as a Career Norm Dr. Deborah Agnew, School of Education, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia Overview: This paper discusses athlete's acceptance of pain and injury as being normal and the consequences of this acceptance for the construction of masculinity in retirement. Theme: Sport and Health The Implementation of Workplace Fitness Programs and its Impact on Employee Work Productivity Dr. Daniel Ganu, Department of Public Health, Adventist University of Africa, Mbagathi, Kenya Caleb Kogutu, School of Health Sciences, University of East Africa, Baraton, Nairobi, Kenya Dr. Josephine Ganu, School of Postgraduate Studies, Adventist University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya Overview: The objective of the study is to find out the impact of workplace fitness ogramspr and the outcome on employee job performance and productivity. Theme: Sport and Health Sport, Alcohol Use, and Youth Dr. Marcella Ogenchuk, College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Dr. Laurie Hellsten-Bzovey, College of Education, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Michelle Prytula, College of Education, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Heather Clark, McMaster University, Hamilton, USA Paul Spriggs, University of Saskatchewan, Canada Overview: This Canadian study examined whether the levels of adolescent alcohol consumption differed by gender, type, frequency, or context of sporting involvement in one school system. Theme: Sport and Health

16:15-16:35 CONFERENCE CLOSING Kim Kendall, Common Ground Publishing, USA

66 Sport & Society List of Participants

Agnew Deb Flinders University Australia Ahmed Torki Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef Algeria Akinoso Babatunde James Kick Against Indiscipline Nigeria Akinoso Olutope Abiola Lagos State Traffice Management Authority Nigeria Akler Matt Canada Aljaloud Sulaiman King Saud University Saudi Arabia Almoslim Hassan King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Saudi Arabia Arashi Bayonle Ahmed Midas Media Consult USA Awujola Matthew Sunday Nigeria Police Force Nigeria Añorve Daniel Universidad de Guanajuato Mexico Bambridge Alison University of Staffordshire UK Barnes Grace University of Technolgy, Sydney Australia Barnes Martha Brock University Canada Barrett Martin University of Chester UK Barrick Simon University of Waterloo Canada Baumgardner Chip Penn College USA Bhalla Jennifer Pacific University USA Booke Julie Mount Royal University Canada Bouchahine Michael Houston Baptist Univeristy USA Brantley Cecilia Ann BodyParts Fitness, Ltd. USA Brooks Donald Brock University Canada Bursuc Courtney Independent Scholar USA Bursuc Vlad University of Louisville USA Cappe Shauna York University Canada Caron Jeffrey McGill University Canada Chakma Jami Independent Scholar Bangladesh Chan Sophy Queen’s University Canada Charleston LaVar J. University of Wisconsin, Madison USA Chen Ruey-Yu Taipei Medical University Taiwan Conricode Dominic Sheffield Hallam University UK Cortis Dominic University of Leicester UK Costas Barry University of Hertfordshire UK Crowley Charles California University of Pennsylvania USA D’Orazio Dax Carleton University Canada Dachler Wurz Irmgard University of Vienna Austria Dachler Marlies University of Vienna Austria Dalton Kristine University of Waterloo Canada Dark Nick Sports Preview Ghana Demirel Nurcan Atatürk University Turkey Doctor Payal City University of New York USA du Plessis Colin University of Pretoria South Africa Dziadek Felicia Texas A&M University USA Erekosima Amonia Jasper Global Forum for Peace, Justice, and Human Rights Nigeria

67 Sport & Society List of Participants

Erzeybek Mustafa Said Dumlupinar University Turkey Flick Shelby-Jai Canadian Sport Institute Pacific Canada Foley Malcolm University of the West of Scotland UK Fortuna Carolyn Rhode Island College USA Fried Siah Las Positas College USA Ganu Daniel Adventist University of Africa Kenya Ganu Josephine Adventist University of Africa Kenya Gelfand H. Michael James Madison University USA Gibril Suzan Université Libre de Bruxelles Belgium Gidado Hakeem Amwell Technical South Africa Gloriozova Ekaterina Université Libre de Bruxelles Belgium Gosnell Jonathan Smith College USA Grau Andreas Bielefeld University Germany Gray John Scott Ferris State University USA Gyasi Francis Nykamekye Thayang Witaya School Thailand Hargie Owen Ulster University UK Hawkins Daniel University of Nebraska Omaha USA Hinojosa Alcalde Ingrid Catalan Sports Observatory Spain Houze Kate Durham College Canada Islam Zakirul VARCOP Bangladesh Jackson Jerlando F. L. University of Wisconsin, Madison USA Janas Karol Trenčianska Univerzita Alexandra Dubčeka Slovakia Johnson Annie University of Waterloo Canada Johnson Wardell Eastern Kentucky University USA Joseph Janelle University of Toronto Canada Kang Keeho Prime Education Consulting USA Kim JuSung University of Manitoba Canada Kluch Yannick Bowling Green State University USA Kryhul Angela ADRENALIN Canada Kucharcik Rudolf Alexander Dubcek University Slovakia Lamothe John Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University USA Larson Ryan University of Minnesota USA LaVertu Glenn Parson’s the New School for Design USA Lavis Tiffany Flinders University Australia Le Clair Jill M. Coventry University UK Lendrum Jenny Wayne State University USA Lindner Andrew Skidmore College USA Littlejohn Meagan University of Ottawa Canada Loop Mead Ithaca College USA Loosbrock Rich Adams State University USA Mahoney Nikki Webster University USA Mair Heather Waterloo University Canada Mansour Hamdy Port Said University Egypt

68 Sport & Society List of Participants

Mansurov Adel Brock University Canada Marchi Júnior Wanderley Federal University of Paraná Brazil Matsudo Victor Center of Studies from the Physical Fitness Brazil Research Laboratory of São Caetano do Sul McCullogh Emily York University Canada McGillivray David University of West of Scotland UK McGrath Joe Liverpool John Moores University UK McPherson Gayle University of West of Scotland UK McRoberts Scott University of Toronto Canada Mezzadri Fernando Federal University of Paraná Brazil Michels Cameron San Francisco State University USA Miró Manero Marta Catalan Sports Observatory Spain Misener Laura Western University Canada Misigoj-Durakovic Marjeta University of Zagreb Croatia Mukherjee Sharanya Hidayatullah National Law University India Murphy Stephanie University of Arizona USA Mwaanga Oscar Southampton Solent University UK Nakamura Hiromi Japan Sport Coucil UK Nakamura Yuka York University Canada Nama Ashish Prem Singh University of Delhi India Nedvetskaya Olesya University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA Norman Leanne Leeds Beckett University UK O’Neil Sean Miami University USA Ogenchuk Marcella University of Saskatchewan Canada Ogunrinola Nofiu Ajikawo Kick Against Indiscipline Nigeria Olomide Oloruntoyin Ganiyat Nigeria Police Force Nigeria Omotosho Adedayo Nigeria Police Force Nigeria Ozturk Mehmet Ata Middle East Technical University Turkey Pariyar Kesh Bahadur Literary Academy for Dalit of Nepal Nepal Pavelka Joe Mount Royal University Canada Persaud Walter H. Mahidol University International College Thailand Pielichaty Hanya University of Lincoln UK Pieri Rodrigo de Vasconcellos Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Pierson Donald University of Massachusetts Lowell USA Plaza Dwaine Oregon State University USA Plowright Linda Caroline Open University UK Puckree Threethambal Durban University of Technology South Africa Rahman Momin Trent University Canada Rose Olivia University of the West Indies Jamaica Rosenberg Danny Brock University Canada Sabbah Karen California State University, Northridge USA Salman Melih Nuri Aksaray University Turkey Sba Bouabdellah Hassiba Ben Bouali University Algeria

69 Sport & Society List of Participants

Scanlon Joseph State University of New York at USA Monroe Community College Schneider Robert C. The College at Brockport, SUNY USA Schnieder Jeremy Morningside College USA Schweinbenz Amanda N. Laurentian University Canada Scremin Glaucio University of West Georgia USA Seagull Lewis New Jersey City University USA Sedai Shyam Prasad Tribhuwan University Nepal Sharma Pramod C. University of Delhi India Skinner Dana University of Massachusetts Lowell USA Skovgaard Thomas University of Southern Denmark Denmark Smedegaard Søren University of Southern Denmark Denmark Smith Jason Vanderbilt University USA Smith Jed University of Northern Iowa USA Smolianov Peter Salem State University USA Snelgrove Ryan University of Windsor Canada Stone Seth Regent University USA Swift Maris Stella Grand Valley State University USA Taliep Sharhidd Cape Peninsula University of Technology South Africa Teixeira Reis Andre Luiz University of Calgary Canada Terfous Fatia Blaise Pascal University France Tetik Sibel Aksaray University Turkey Thomson Lisa University of New Brunswick Canada Toomey Elizabeth University of Canterbury New Zealand Tosun Tunç Gülsen Aksaray University Turkey Tulasi Srinu Olympus Sports India Van Rheenen Derek University of California, Berkeley USA Vestergaard Jonas University of Southern Denmark Denmark Veth Karl Manuel King’s College London UK Walinga Jennifer Royal Roads University Canada Wasila Mohammed Women In Sports Association Ghana Waters David James Viterbo University USA Webb Evan University of Ottawa Canada Winands Martin Bielefeld University Germany Wiseman Fred Northeastern University USA Woodhouse Donna Sheffield Hallam University UK Yeh Ching-Ying Taipei Medical University Taiwan Yusuf Sikiru Olanrewaju Nigeria Police Force Nigeria Zaremba Alan Northeastern University USA Zhang Tingting University of Toronto Canada Zhang XiaoShi University of Macau China

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78 | Conference Calendar 2015-2016

Eighth International Conference on the Inclusive Museum National Science Museum, Delhi | New Delhi, India | 7–9 August 2015 www.onmuseums.com/the-conference

Fifth International Conference on Health, Wellness, and Society Universidad de Alcalá | Madrid, Spain | 3–4 September 2015 www.healthandsociety.com/the-conference

Fifth International Conference on Food Studies Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | Blacksburg, USA | 18–19 September 2015 www.food–studies.com/the-conference

Seventh International Conference on Science in Society University Center | Chicago, USA | 1–2 October 2015 www.science–society.com/the-conference

Spaces and Flows: Sixth International Conference on Urban and ExtraUrban Studies University Center Chicago | Chicago, USA | 15–16 October 2015 www.spacesandflows.com/the-conference

Thirteenth International Conference on Books, Publishing, and Libraries University of British Columbia at Robson Square | Vancouver, Canada | 19–20 October 2015 www.booksandpublishing.com/the-conference

Sixth International Conference on the Image University of California at Berkeley | Berkeley, USA | 29–30 October 2015 www.ontheimage.com/the-conference

The Eighth International Conference on e–Learning and Innovative Pedagogies University of California, Santa Cruz | Santa Cruz, USA | 2–3 November 2015 www.ubi–learn.com/the-conference

Aging and Society: Fifth Interdisciplinary Conference The Catholic University of America | Washington D.C. USA | 5–6 November 2015 www.agingandsociety.com/the-conference

Twelfth International Conference on Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability Portland State University | Portland, USA | 21–23 January 2016 www.onsustainability.com/the-conference

79 | Conference Calendar 2015-2016

Twelfth International Conference on Technology, Knowledge, and Society Universidad de | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 18–19 February 2016 www.techandsoc.com/the-conference

Tenth International Conference on Design Principles and Practices Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC–Rio) | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 25–27 February 2016 www.designprinciplesandpractices.com/the-conference

Sixth International Conference on Religion and Spirituality in Society The Catholic University of America | Washington D.C., USA | 22–23 March 2016 www.religioninsociety.com/the-conference

Sixth International Conference on the Constructed Environment The University of Arizona | Tucson, USA | 2–4 April 2016 www.constructedenvironment.com/the-conference

Sixteenth International Conference on Knowledge, Culture, and Change in Organizations University of Hawaii at Manoa | Honolulu, USA | 19–20 April 2016 www.ontheorganization.com/the-conference

Eighth International Conference on Climate Change: Impacts and Responses VNU University of Science (HUS) and Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU) | Hanoi, Vietnam | 21-22 April 2016 www.on-climate.com/the-conference

Inaugural International Conference on Tourism and Leisure Studies University of Hawaii at Manoa | Honolulu, USA | 22-23 April 2016 www.tourismandleisurestudies.com/the-conference

Seventh International Conference on Sport and Society University of Hawaii at Manoa | Honolulu, USA | 2-3 June 2016 www.sportandsociety.com/the-conference-2016

Fourteenth International Conference on New Directions in the Humanities University of Illinois at Chicago, Student Center East | Chicago, USA | 8-11 June 2016 www.thehumanities.com/the-conference

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