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Total Harmonics Distortion Reduction Using Adaptive, Weiner, and Kalman Filters

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Total Harmonics Distortion Reduction Using Adaptive, Weiner, and Kalman Filters Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 6-2016 Total Harmonics Distortion Reduction Using Adaptive, Weiner, and Kalman Filters Liqaa Alhafadhi Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Alhafadhi, Liqaa, "Total Harmonics Distortion Reduction Using Adaptive, Weiner, and Kalman Filters" (2016). Master's Theses. 737. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/737 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TOTAL HARMONICS DISTORTION REDUCTION USING ADAPTIVE, WEINER, AND KALMAN FILTERS by Liqaa Alhafadhi A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering (Electrical) Electrical and Computer Engineering Western Michigan University June 2016 Thesis Committee: Johnson Asumadu, Ph.D., Chair Massood Atashbar, Ph.D. Christopher Cho, Ph.D. TOTAL HARMONICS DISTORTION REDUCTION USING ADAPTIVE, WEINER, AND KALMAN FILTERS Liqaa Alhafadhi, M.S.E. Western Michigan University, 2016 Total harmonics distortion is one of the main problems in power systems due to its effects in generating undesirable issues in power quality. These effects include heating (in transformers, capacitors, motors, and generators), disoperation of electronic equipment, incorrect readings on meters, disoperation of protective relays, and communication interference. Besides these problems, harmonics affect the power quality in both transmission and distribution systems. Different techniques have been used to mitigate the effects of harmonics. These techniques include; passive filters, active power filter, artificial intelligent, and adaptive selective harmonics reductions. Each method has some advantage and disadvantage. This thesis presented new models of total harmonics distortion reduction using adaptive, Weiner, and Kalman filters. In order to test the performance of the presented methods, the output current of a single phase inverter circuit was used as a study case. The new models reduced the total harmonics distortion from by more than 50% however Kalman filters give the best performance as compared to adaptive and Weiner filters. Copyright by Liqaa Alhafadhi 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest thanks for my supervisor Dr. Asumadu, for his excellent guidance, caring, patience, and providing me with an excellent atmosphere for doing research. Also, I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Atashbar and Dr. Cho for their time and effort. I am heartily thankful to my parents who gave me the moral support I need. I also would like to express my gratitude to my husband for his encouragement and support. Liqaa Alhafadhi ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.....................................................................................ii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................... 1 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION ................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Thesis Goals .............................................................................................. 3 1.3 Thesis Structure ......................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................... 4 HARMONICS REDUCTIONS IN POWER AND POWER ELECTRONICS ..... 4 2.1 Harmonics ................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Harmonics Reduction Techniques ............................................................ 5 2.2.1 Frequency Domain Techniques ........................................................... 5 2.2.2 Time Domain Techniques ................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Artificial Intelligent Techniques ....................................................... 14 2.2.4 Current Control Techniques .............................................................. 17 2.2.5 Adaptive Selective Harmonic Elimination Technique ...................... 18 CHAPTER 3 ......................................................................................................... 20 ADAPTIVE FILTERING TECHNIQUES AND ALGORITHMS ...................... 20 iii Table of Contents- continued 3.1 DC-to-AC Converters (Inverters)............................................................ 20 3.1.1 Single-Phase Inverters ....................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Three-Phase Inverters ........................................................................ 22 3.1.3 Multi-Level Inverters ........................................................................ 23 3.2 Adaptive Filtering Algorithms ................................................................ 24 3.2.1 Least Mean Square Algorithm .......................................................... 26 3.2.2 Normalized Least Mean Square Algorithm ...................................... 28 3.2.3 Leaky Least Mean Square Algorithm ............................................... 29 3.2.4 Sign LMS and Sign NLMS Algorithms ............................................ 29 3.3 Weiner Filter ........................................................................................... 30 3.4 Kalman Filter........................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER 4 ......................................................................................................... 37 SIMULATION AND RESULTS .......................................................................... 37 4.1 DC-AC Converter in MATLAB SIMULINK ......................................... 37 4.2 Distortion Reduction Using New Adaptive Filtering Models ................. 39 4.3 Distortion Reduction Using Weiner Filter .............................................. 46 4.4 Distortion Reduction Using Kalman Filter ............................................. 49 iv Table of Contents- continued CHAPTER 5 ......................................................................................................... 54 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS ......................................................... 54 5.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................. 54 5.2 Future Works ........................................................................................... 55 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................. 56 v LIST OF FIGURES 2. 1: Single Phase Representation of Nonlinear Load and Passive Shunt Filter. ................ 8 2. 2: Single Phase Passive Filter with Shunt Configuration. ............................................ 10 2. 3: Single Phase Passive Filter with Series Configuration. ............................................ 10 2. 4: Three Phase, Three Wire Passive Filter for Shunt Configuration. ........................... 11 2. 5: Three Phase, Three Wire Passive Filter for Series Configuration. ........................... 11 2. 6: Shunt Passive Filter. ................................................................................................. 12 2. 7: Series Passive Filter. ................................................................................................. 12 2. 8: Single Phase Active Filter, Shunt Configuration. ..................................................... 13 2. 9: Single Phase Active Filter, Series Configuration. .................................................... 14 2. 10: ADALINE Block Diagram by Zouidi. ................................................................... 15 2. 11: MLP Neural Network Architecture by Chen. ......................................................... 16 2. 12: Structure of a Single Frequency Adaptive Selective Elimination technique. ......... 19 3. 1: Single Phase Inverter. ............................................................................................... 21 3. 2: Three Phase Inverter. ................................................................................................ 22 3. 3: Multi Level inverter. ................................................................................................. 24 3. 4: Adaptive filter as a noise canceller. .......................................................................... 25 3. 5: Block Diagram of Wiener Filter. .............................................................................. 30 3. 6: A discrete Time system with Process w and Measurement Noise v. ....................... 35 vi List of Figures- continued 3. 7: Block Diagram of Kalman Filter. ............................................................................. 36 4. 1: Single Phase Inverter. ............................................................................................... 38 4. 2: Simulated Inverter in MATLAB..............................................................................
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