Literature Cited for Proposed Critical Habitat for the Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly U.S

Literature Cited for Proposed Critical Habitat for the Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada Fish and Wildlife Office

A Abella, S.R., J. C. Hurja, D.J Merkler, C.W. Denton, and D.G. Brewer. 2012. Overstory- understory relationships along forest type and environmental gradients in the Spring Mountains of southern Nevada, USA. Folia Geobotanica 47:119-134.

Amell, L. 2006. The Spring Mountains Hazardous Fuels Reduction Project Silviculture Report Prepared for the USDA Forest Service Spring Mountains National Recreation Area Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Las Vegas Nevada October 2, 2006. 35 pp.

Andrew, G., M. Glenn, P. Jacoby-Garrett, and D. Thompson. 2013. Surveys and Habitat Assessment for Plebejus shasta charlestonensis (Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly) in the Spring Mountain Range of Nevada (2012 field season). March 6, 2013. Final Revision December 11 (w/new Figures). Las Vegas, Nevada: Submitted to United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Southern Nevada Field Office in cooperation with United States Forest Service, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Spring Mountains National Recreation Area. 94 pp.

Arnold, R.A. 1983. Ecological studies of six endangered butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae): island biogeography, patch dynamics, and the design of habitat preserves. University of California Publications in Entomology 99:1–161.

Austin, G.T. 1980. A new Plebejus (Icaricia) Shasta (Edwards) from southern Nevada (Lycaenidae). Journal of Lepidopterists’ Society 34:20-24.

Austin, G.T. 1981. The montane butterfly fauna of the Spring Mountains, Nevada. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 35:66–74.

Austin, G.T. and P.J. Leary. 2008. Larval hostplants of butterflies in Nevada. Holarctic Lepidoptera 12:1–134.

B Barrett, S., D. Havlina, J. Jones, W. Hann, C. Frame, D. Hamilton, K. Schon, T. Demeo, L. Hutter, and J. Menakis. 2010. Interagency Fire Regime Condition Class Guidebook. Version 3.0 [Homepage of the Interagency Fire Regime Condition Class website, USDA Forest Service, US Department of the Interior, and The Nature Conservancy]. [Online], Available: http://www.frcc.gov/.

Bennett, V.J., P.A. Zollner, and V.S. Quinn. 2010. Simulating the implications of recreational disturbance on Karner blue butterflies (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. 34 pp.

Literature Cited for Proposed Critical Habitat for the Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada Fish and Wildlife Office

Bennett, V., V. Quinn, and P. Zollner. 2013. Exploring the implications of recreational disturbance on an endangered butterfly using a novel modelling approach. Biodiversity Conservation 22:1783–1798.

Bowler, D.E., and T.G. Benton. 2005. Causes and consequences of animal dispersal strategies: relating individual behaviour to spatial dynamics. Biological Reviews 80:205–225.

Boyd, B.M. 2005. Personal communication during visit to the Las Vegas Ski and Snowboard Resort recorded in notes by Bruce Lund. October 28, 2005.

Boyd, B.M., and G.T. Austin. 1999. Final report on butterfly investigations in the Spring Mountains, Nevada 1998, and a proposed monitoring program for endemic species. Prepared for USDA, Forest Service, Spring Mountains National Recreation Area, Las Vegas, Nevada. March 8, 1999. 77 pp plus attachments.

Boyd, B., and D. Murphy. 2008. A report on the status of the Mount Charleston blue butterfly and its essential resources at and adjacent to the Las Vegas Ski and Snowboard Resort – 2008. Prepared for: Las Vegas Ski and Snowboard Resort, Las Vegas, Nevada. 21 October 2008. 41 pp.

Brown, J.K., and J.K. Smith, eds. 2000. Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora. Fort Collins, Colorado: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 257 pp.

Burke, R., J. Fitzsimmons, and J. Kerr. 2011. A mobility index for Canadian butterfly species based on naturalists’ knowledge. Biodiversity and Conservation 20:2273–2295.

C Carsey, K., T. Miller, and J. Rebitzke. 2011. Summary report for plant surveys and butterfly habitat assessments for Spring Mountains National Recreation Area capital improvements projects. 110 pp.

Cole, D.N. 1993. Minimizing conflict between recreation and nature conservation. In: Smith DS, Hellmund PC, editors. Ecology of greenways: design and function of linear conservation areas. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. p. 105–122.

Cole, D.N. 2004. Impacts of hiking and camping on soils and vegetation: a review. In: Buckley R, editor. Environmental impacts of ecotourism. Vol. 41. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing. p. 41–60.

Cushman, J.H., and D.D. Murphy. 1993. Conservation of North American lycaenids- an overview. In: New T.R., editor. Conservation biology of Lycaenidae (Butterflies). Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. pp. 37–44.

Literature Cited for Proposed Critical Habitat for the Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada Fish and Wildlife Office

D DataSmiths. 2007. Report on butterfly surveys at three locations in the Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada. Prepared for USDA, Forest Service, Spring Mountains National Recreation Area, Las, Vegas, Nevada, December 31, 2007. Contract number AG-9360- C-07-0012. 31 pp.

Dennis, R.L. 2004. Just how important are structural elements as habitat components? Indications from a declining lycaenid butterfly with priority conservation status. Journal of Insect Conservation 8:37–45.

Denton, D., G. Brewer, and R.D. Lund. 2008. Field review of plots within the Spring Mountains Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forests. September 16-18. University of Nevada Las Vegas Ecological Restoration Institute at Northern Arizona University. 23 pp.

E Emmel, J.F., and O. Shields. 1978. The biology of Plebejus (Icaricia) shasta in the Western United States (Lycaenidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 17:129–140.

Entrix. 2008. Spring Mountains National Recreation Area Landscape Analysis, Final Report Chapters 3 and 4: Current and Reference Conditions. Prepared for USDA, Forest Service, Spring Mountains National Recreation Area, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. Las Vegas, Nevada. August 2008. 434 pp.

F Federal Register (FR) Documents

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List the Mt. Charleston Blue Butterfly as Endangered or Threatened. Federal Register 76:12667–12683.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions. Federal Register 76:66370-66439.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2012. Proposed Listing of the Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly as Endangered and Proposed Listing of Five Blue Butterflies as Threatened Due to Similarity of Appearance. Federal Register 77:59518–59540.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2013. Determination of endangered species status for Mount Charleston blue butterfly. Federal Register 78:57750–57775.

Ferris, C.D. 1976. Revisionary notes on Plebejus (Icaricia) shasta (Edwards). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum 36:1-16.

Literature Cited for Proposed Critical Habitat for the Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada Fish and Wildlife Office

Ferris, C.D., and F.M. Brown. 1981. Butterflies of the Rocky Mountain States. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. 400 pp.

Forest Service. 1998. Conservation Agreement for the Spring Mountains National Recreation Area, Clark and Nye Counties, Nevada. USDA, Forest Service, State of Nevada, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Region. USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Region. 50 pp. plus Appendices.

Forest Service. 2006. Spring Mountains National Recreation Area, Sensitive and Butterfly Plants Primary Survey Time Periods. Revised January 12, 2006. 23 pp.

G Garth, J.S., 1928. Report of the Lorquin Society. Southern California Academy of Sciences. 27:93-94.

Gompert, Z., J. A. Fordyce, M.L. Forister, and C.C. Nice. 2008. Recent colonization and radiation of North American Lycaeides (Plebejus) inferred from mtDNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48:481–90.

H Holthuijzen, M., D. Wernicke, and E. West. 2011. Sensitive and butterfly host plants. Unit Alpha 2011 WUI botanical survey report. Prepared by Great Basin Institute for the United States Forest Service, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Spring Mountain National Recreation Area. 35 pp. plus field forms

Howe, W.H. 1975. The butterflies of North America. Doubleday & Company, Inc. Garden City, New York. 633 pp.

I Industrial Economics, Incorporated (IEc). 2014. Screening analysis of the likely economic impacts of critical habitat designation for the Mount Charleston blue butterfly. Memorandum from Industrial Economics, Incorporated to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 14 pp.

IPCC. 2007. Summary for Policymakers. Pp. 1–18. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor, and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY. 996 pp.

Literature Cited for Proposed Critical Habitat for the Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada Fish and Wildlife Office

K Kallstrom, C. 2013. Carpenter 1 Fire Burn Area Emergency Response Biologist Specialist Report. Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. 11 pp.

Kingsley, K.J. 2007. Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly (Icaricia shasta charlestonensis): Observations and Speculations – 2007. Submitted to USDA, Forest Service, Spring Mountains National Recreation Area, Las Vegas, Nevada. September 16, 2007. 24 pp.

L Luoto, M., and R.K. Heikkinen. 2008. Disregarding topographical heterogeneity biases species turnover assessments based on bioclimatic models. Global Change Biology 14:483-494.

M Madsen, T., and E. Figdor. 2007. When it Rains it Pours Global Warming and the Rising Frequency of Extreme Precipitation in the United States. Environment America Research and Policy Center. December 2007. 47 pp.

Monz, C., D. Cole, Y-F. Leung, and J. Marion. 2010. Sustaining Visitor Use in Protected Areas: Future Opportunities in Recreation Ecology Research Based on the USA Experience. Environmental Management 45:551–562.

Murphy, D.D. 2006. Personnel Communication during telephone interview with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southern Nevada Field Office. September 14, 2006. 3 pp.

Murphy, D.D., K.E. Freas, and S.B. Weiss. 1990. An Environment-Metapopulation Approach to Population Viability Analysis for a Threatened Invertebrate. Conservation Biology 4:41–51.

N Nachlinger, J. L., and G. A. Reese. 1996. Plant community classification of the Spring Mountains National Recreation Area, Clark and Nye counties, Nevada. Unpublished report submitted to USDA Forest Service, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Spring Mountains National Recreation Area, Las Vegas, NV. The Nature Conservancy, Northern Nevada Office, Reno, NV. 85 pp. plus figures and appendices.

Nevada Wildlife Action Plan Team. (NVWAP) 2012. Nevada Wildlife Action Plan. Nevada Department of Wildlife, Reno. 409 pp. plus Species Accounts and Appendices.

Literature Cited for Proposed Critical Habitat for the Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada Fish and Wildlife Office

Newfields. 2008. Las Vegas Ski and Snowboard Resort 2007 Butterfly Survey Report. Prepared for Las Vegas Ski and Snowboard Resort . February 2008. 32 pp. plus appendices.

Niles, W.E., and P.J. Leary. 2007. Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of the Spring Mountains Clark and Nye Counties, Nevada. Mentzelia 8:1–72.

O Opler, P.A. 1999. Peterson Field Guides, Western Butterflies, Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA. 540 pp.

Opler, P.A., and A.D. Warren. 2003. Butterflies of North America. 2. Scientific Names List for Butterfly Species of North America, north of Mexico. Contributions of the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. 83 pp.

P Pelham, J.P. 2008. A catalogue of butterflies of the United States and Canada, with a complete bibliography of the descriptive and systematic literature. The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera. 40:1- 658.

Pinyon (Pinyon Environmental Engineering Resources, Inc.). 2011. Final project report: butterfly monitoring and inventories Spring Mountains National Recreation Area, Clark County, Nevada. Prepared for Desert Conservation Program, Project #2005-PINYON- 570C, Clark County Department of Air Quality and Environmental Management, Las Vegas, Nevada.

Pratt, G.F., and J.F. Emmel. 2010. Sites chosen by diapausing or quiescent stage quino checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas editha quino, (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae) larvae. Journal of Insect Conservation 14:107-114.

Provencher, L. 2008. R—Fire regime condition class mapping for the Spring Mountains Southern Nevada, 30 September, 2008. The Nature Conservancy, Reno, Nevada. Report to the U.S. Forest Service Spring Mountains National Recreation Area. 27 pp. plus appendices.

Provencher, L., and T. Anderson. 2011. Climate Change Revisions to Nevada’s Wildlife Action Plan: Vegetation Mapping and Modeling. Reno, Nevada: The Nature Conservancy. 116 pp.

R Redmond, K.T. 2007. Email correspondence to Fred Edwards. Subject Regional Climate Analysis for Southern Nevada. November 15, 2007. 2 p.

Literature Cited for Proposed Critical Habitat for the Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada Fish and Wildlife Office

S Scott, J.A. 1986. The butterflies of North America: a natural history and field guide. Stanford, California.: Stanford University Press, 583 pp.

Seager, R, M. Ting, I. Held, Y. Kushnir, J. Lu, G. Vecchi, H-P. Huang, N. Harnik, A. Leetmaa, N-C. Lau, C. Li, J. Velez, and N. Naik. 2007. Model Projections of an Imminent Transition to a More Arid Climate in Southwestern North America. Science 316:1181- 1184.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service). 2006a. Memo to File from Fred Edwards and Amy Lavoie. Subject: Summary of literature and interviews on whether the Mt. Charleston blue butterfly (Icaricia shasta charlestonensis) should be listed. March 10, 2006. 9 pp.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service). 2006b. GIS shape file with Meta Data of Mt. Charleston blue butterfly host plant habitat at Las Vegas Ski and Snowboard Resort. Collected by the USDA, Forest Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. June 6, 2004, and June 29, 2006. 6 pp.

SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA). 2008. Mount Charleston blue butterfly monitoring and habitat delineation report – South Loop Trail. Prepared for Clark County Desert Conservation Program, Las Vegas, Nevada. 7 pp. plus appendices.

T Thompson, D., P. Garrett, and G. Andrew. 2013a. Spring Mountains National Recreation Area butterfly autecology 2010 to 2012. Presented to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Forest Service on 2013 February 27.

Thompson, D., G. Andrew, P. Jacoby-Garrett, H. Stevens, S. Abella. 2014. Spring Mountains Butterfly Autecology Final Report 2010 to 2012. Contract number: AG-9360-S-10-0001. Prepared for USDA Forest Service, Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Spring Mountains National Recreation Area.

W Weiss, S.B., A.D. Weiss, and D.D. Murphy. 1994. Interim Report on Candidate Butterfly Taxa of the Spring Mountains. Center for Conservation Biology. November 28, 1994. 14 pp.

Literature Cited for Proposed Critical Habitat for the Mount Charleston Blue Butterfly U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada Fish and Wildlife Office

Weiss, S.B., A.D. Weiss, D.D. Murphy, and G.T. Austin. 1995. Final report on candidate butterfly taxa of the Spring Mountains. Unpublished report on file with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Reno, Nevada. 8 pp. plus appendix.

Weiss, S.B., A.D. Weiss, D.D. Murphy, and G.T. Austin. 1997. Final Report on Endemic Butterflies of the Spring Mountains. Reno, Nevada 35 pp. plus maps and appendix.