Ivana Hebrang Grgi ć Open Access to Scientific Information in Croatia Increasing Research Impact of a Scientifically Peripheral Country Table of contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 5 1. SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION ............................................................................. 6 1.1 BEGINNINGS OF FORMAL SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION ..................................................... 6 1.2 THE THREE MAGIC CIRCLES ............................................................................................... 9 1.3 SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL CRISIS – HOW TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM ? ......................................... 12 1.4 THE FOURTH REVOLUTION OF HUMAN MIND .................................................................... 16 2. OPEN ACCESS TO SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION .............................................. 19 2.1 DEFINITIONS OF OPEN ACCESS ........................................................................................ 19 2.2 GREEN ROUTE TO OA – OA REPOSITORIES ...................................................................... 24 2.3 GOLDEN ROUTE TO OA – OA JOURNALS ......................................................................... 29 2.4 CITATION IMPACT OF OA LITERATURE ............................................................................ 32 3. REMOVING ACCESS BARRIERS FOR DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES .................................................................................................................... 36 3.1 DEFINING PERIPHERAL SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITIES ............................................................ 36 3.2 ACCESS TO SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION IN DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES ....... 38 3.3 OA INITIATIVES IN DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES ........................................ 40 4. OPEN ACCESS IN CROATIA ................................................................................... 45 4.1 CROATIA – A SCIENTIFICALLY PERIPHERAL COUNTRY ..................................................... 45 4.2 OA PROMOTION IN CROATIA ........................................................................................... 47 5. THE STUDY OF OA IN CROATIA .......................................................................... 52 5.1 CROATIAN OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS ............................................................................... 52 5.1.1 AIM AND METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................. 52 5.1.2 THE SAMPLE ................................................................................................................. 54 5.1.3 HYPOTHESIS ................................................................................................................. 55 5.1.4 RESULTS ....................................................................................................................... 56 5.1.4.1 ISSN and eISSN .................................................................................................... 56 5.1.4.2 Number of volumes and issues on the Hr čak portal and on the publishers’ web sites ................................................................................................................................... 57 5.1.4.3 Publication language of Croatian OA journals ................................................... 61 5.1.4.4 Croatian OA publishers ....................................................................................... 62 5.1.4.5 OA policies ........................................................................................................... 64 5.1.4.6 Croatian OA journals in the DOAJ ...................................................................... 65 5.1.4.7 Croatian OA journals in the Web of Science ....................................................... 67 5.1.4.8 Croatian OA journals in the JCR database ......................................................... 68 5.1.4.9 Conclusion – Croatian OA journals ..................................................................... 69 5.2 OA REPOSITORIES IN CROATIA ........................................................................................ 71 5.2.1 Searching for Croatian OA repositories ................................................................. 71 5.2.2 University of Zagreb Medical School Repository ................................................... 72 5.2.3 Future of OA repositories in Croatia ...................................................................... 75 5.3 CONCLUSION – OPEN ACCESS IN CROATIA ...................................................................... 75 5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF OA IN CROATIA ................... 77 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 80 LITERATURE ................................................................................................................. 82 APENDIX 1 - FIGURES.................................................................................................. 98 APENDIX 2 – TABLES ................................................................................................. 100 APENDIX 3 – LIST OF JOURNALS .......................................................................... 102 "Open Access may increase both the visibility and impact of research results of a peripheral scientific community. This is the key message of the study of Open Access in Croatia. Croatia is a transition country on a small R&D budget, with low visibility of local journals and with high price barriers to the mainstream scientific information. Using the examples of Hr čak, the Croatian portal of scientific journals, and several repositories, the study illustrates the process of raising awareness and support for Open Access in the Croatian scientific community, among governmental bodies, publishers, scientists, libraries." Jelka Petrak, PhD "During the last decade, Open Access has become an important means of communication in science. The author discusses scientific communication, its history and development... and describes two ways of achieving OA. The most valuable part of this book is the study of OA in Croatia, which is the first exhaustive examination of the kind. The author concludes with constructive recommendations for further OA promotion in Croatia, involving publishers, libraries and governmental bodies..." Ana Barbari ć, PhD INTRODUCTION Scientific communication is the essence of scientific process - without communicating research results, science itself would never prosper. When did it start exactly? Was it thousands of years ago when a primitive human being discovered the first connection between two phenomena? How did he inform other human beings about his discovery? We cannot know the answers to the questions but we have to be aware of the fact that discovering fundamental principles started a long time ago, and ever since, it has depended on communication between human beings. Today we know that there are no isolated principles in the history of science – each fact leads to another, one truth is a stepping stone to a new one – Galileo had to precede Newton, Darwin could only come after Cuvier. 1 And again, nothing of the above could be possible without communication. In the centre of our interest will be scientific communication today, especially free communication of peer-reviewed scientific papers on the Internet, and especially in peripheral scientific communities. First of all, Open Access (OA) will be defined and the global movement will be described. We will try to summarise its history that had begun much earlier than the first OA initiatives were launched at the beginning of the 21 st century. Croatia will be taken as an example of a small, transition country with peripheral scientific community. Our study of OA in Croatia will have two parts, as there are two ways of achieving OA. The first part of the research (study of OA journals) will be longer and detailed, as there are many more OA journals in Croatia than OA repositories. The data for the first part of the research was gathered in June 2010 and they refer to the year 2009. Data for the second part, the study of OA repositories, was gathered in October 2010. We will try to demonstrate that, despite all the differences between scientifically mainstream and peripheral countries, OA has its future in all of them. 1 Williams, Henry Smith. The story of modern science. New York; London: Funk and Wagnalls Co., 1923, p. 2. 5 1. SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION 1.1 Beginnings of formal scientific communication As was mentioned earlier, the history of science begins very early in the history of mankind. However, modern science, the kind we practice nowadays, as well as modern formal scientific communication, is about 350 years in age. Great 17 th century philosophers, Francis Bacon and René Descartes, are usually considered to be the founders of modern science. The century is a turning point in the history of three fields closely connected to the development of science - intellectual property rights, library science and scientific communication. When discussing the very important issue of intellectual property rights protection, Andrew Maunsell has to be mentioned. He published, in 1595, The catalogue of English printed books , the first catalogue where printed books are listed by the authors’ family names. 2 The first scientist who published his results