Criconema Tids from Peru with a Description of Ogmaandense Sp

Nematol. medito(1990), 18: 243-252.

Istituto di NematologiaAgraria, C.N.R. -'- 70126 Bari, Italyl Departamentode Fitopatologia, UniversidadNacional Agraria, La Molina - Lima, Peru2

CRICONEMA TIDS FROM PERU WITH A DESCRIPTION OF OGMAANDENSE SP. N.

by N. VOVLASl, A. CIANCIOl and E. CARBONELLTORRES2

Summary. Soi! samples collected in the Peruvian highlands and forests tram naturaI habitats and cultivated fields in 1987, yielded five speciesof Criconematidae. One of them is described as a new speciesbelonging to the genus Ogma Southern, 1914. Ogma andensesp. n. is closely related to O. decalineatum(Chitwood, 1957), Andrassy, 1979, distinguished mainly by the shorter stylet 45-50 ILmvs. 66-86ILm. The originaI and subsequent descriptions of Criconema (Nothocriconema)mutabile (Taylor, 1936) De Grisse et Loof 1965; Mesocriconema pernensiforme (De Grisse, 1967) Loof et De Grisse, 1989; Discocriconemella replecta Pinochet et Raski, 1976 and Hemicriconemoides mangiferaeSiddiqi, 1961 afe amplified and supplemented with light microscope and scanning electron microscope illustrations. The mor- phometricaI descriptive characteristics of the Peruvian populations extend the known range of variability far these species.

The present article deals with five speciesof Peruvian connected ventrally forming a rectangular oraI disc, bear- Criconematidae belonging to the genera Criconema, Me- ing the centrally Iocated arai opening. The sIit-like am- socriconema, Discocriconemella, H;emicriconemoidesand phidiai apertures open on the IateraI edges of the rectan- Ogma. gular arai disco Stylet moderately robust, knobs anteriorly A new species is described within the genus Ogma directed 6.7 %. 0.3 (6.3-7.7) 11macross. The body annuIi Southern 1914: Ogmaandense sp. n., while the originaI de- 4.3 %. 0;3 (3.8-5) 11mare sIightly restrorse and marked scription of M. peruensiformeDe Grisse, 1967 (basedonly with ten IongitudinaI rows of scaIesat mid body. Distance on a single female), is amplified and supplemented. Mor- between rows of scales 11 %. 0.8 (9-13) 11mat mid body. phometrical data and SEM morpho-anatomy is also pro- Excretory pare 3-5 annuii posteriorly to pharynx base. vided far Criconema(Nothocriconema) mutabile, D. replecta Vulva at 13th-16th annuIus tram terminus, closed with and H. mangiferae.Soli sampleswere collected by one of us vulvar Iips sIightly protruding from the body and with its (A.C.) in highland and forest soils, during a survey under- anterior flap sIightly overlapping the posterior one. Sper- taken in Pero in 1987. The specimensused in this study matheca present, full of sperms. Ovary outstretched. The were fixed in 4% formaldehyde and processed to dehy- anaI aperture is Iocated 5-6 annuii posterior the vulvaI drated glycerin (Seinhorst, 1959). Wergin's methods opening between two ventrai rows of scaIes.The conicaI (1981) were used far the preparation of nematodes far taii tapers uniformly and ends with a small conicaI terminaI SEM observations. Nematodes were coated with gold and annulus. observed with a Jeol 50-A Stereoscanelecron microscope at 5 kV accelerating voltage. Male: not found.

Diagnosis.Ogma andensesp. n. is distinguished by its Description smooth large scales,arranged in ten rows. Cephalic region with two annuIi, equal in size. Total body length = 316- OGMA ANDENSE sp. n. (Table I; Figs 1.2) 380 fLm;stylet = 45-50 fLm;R = 78-90; Rv = 13-16; Ran = 8-10. Body slightly curved ventrally, tapering slightly anteriorly, more so posteriorly to a conica! tail. Labia! region trun- Relationships.Ogma andense sp. n. closely resemblesO. cate with two labial annuIi equa! in size 10-12 !J.mwide. decalineatum (Chitwood, 1957) Andrassy, 1979 in shape "En face" view SEM observations illustrated in Fig. 2 and number of scalesbut it differs from this speciesby the A,B show that the two subventra! submedian lobes afe shorter stylet (45-50 vs. 61-85 ILm).

243

Type locality. Specimens collected tram forest sciI 3 Nematode collection, Davis, California, USA; Km north of San Luis de Shuaro, La Merced (Junin), Peru. Nematology collection of Entomology and Nematology Department, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpen- Etymology. The name of this speciesis taken tram the Andes mountain region in which it was collected. den, Herts, England; Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Lab. des Vers, Paris, Type designation.The holotype female and 15 paratypes France. bave been deposited at the Istituto di Nematologia Agraria del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy. A slide with two or three females has been sent to each of the fol- MESOCRICONEMAPERUENSIFORME lowing institutions: (De Grisse, 1967) Loof et De Grisse, 1989 (Figs }-4)

Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidad Nacional Females(n = 12). L = 509 :C 20.1 (460-535) ILm;max- Agraria, La Molina, Lima, Peru; imumbodywidth = 54 :C 4.3 (49-.63)ILmi pharynx = 144 Plantenziektenkundige Dienst, Wageningen, The Ne- :C 5.6 (136-154)ILm; excretory pore from anteriorend = therlands: 151 :C 7.3 {136-166)lLmi stylet = 88 :C 2.5 (83-92) ILm.

. l';~

--' -c---"-

areaFig. 2(lateral.ventral - SEM photomicrographs:view); E, c~ossOgma section andense at midsp. body; n. A,B, F, labialannuii disc structures (faceview (Scale andbars profile); = 10 C, ILm). posterior body (ventral.view)'' D , vulval

?4'1 Ratios: a = 9.3 % 0.8 (7.8-10.6); b = 3.5 % 0.2 (3.2-3.7); ventraI view (Fig. 4H). Tail bluntly rounded.Anus on 3- c = 20 % 2.8 (16-25); V = 92 % 1.0 (89-95); R = 72 % 4th annulustram terminus. TerminaI annulusrose-like 1.5 (70-75); Rst = 14 % 0.6 (13-15); Roes = 21 % 0.6 (Fig. 4G) (20- 22); Rex = 22 % 0.8 (21-24); Rv = 5 % 0.4 (5-6); Ran = 3 % 0.4 (3-4);taillength = 26 % 3.2 (21-31)fLm; Male: not found. VL/VB = 44 % 2.6 (39- 49); St % L = 17 % 0.7(16-19); St % Es = 61 % 1.3 (59-63). Habitat and locality. Specimens collected tram forest soi13 Km north of San Luis de Shuaro, La Merced (Junin), Description. Body ventralIy arcuate after fixation, ta- Peru. pering slightly at both ends. Rare anastomoses.Body an- nuIi 7.4 % 0.3 (7-8) fLm roundedwith smoothposterior Discussion.Since its originaI description this species margins. Labial region with large submedian lobes and two has been reported, without morphometricaI data, only anterior directed labial annuIi. "En face" view shows oral from Brazil (Ferraz, 1980) from the rhizosphere of Bachio- aperture as a narrow slit, labial disc conspicuous, elevated ria sp. in Minas Gerais state. . and large amphidial apertures at the lateral margins of labial discoStylet well developed,knobs 11.6 % 0.8 (10- CRICONEMA (NOTHOCRICONEMA) MUTABILE 12.6) fLm acrossand anteriorly directed. Pharynx typical (Taytor, 1936) De Grisse et Loof, 1965 (Figs 5; 7 A.C) for family. Excretory pore 2-3 annuIi posterior from base of pharynx. Ovary single outstretched. SpermathecasmalI, Females(n = lO). L = 406 % 21.7 (350-456) ILm;max- empty or filled with sperms. Vulva open, anterior lip imum body width = 33 % 1.8 (30-37) ILm; pharynx = 99 slightly overlapping with two more or less pointed lobes in % 3.3 (95- 104) ILm; excretory pare from anterior end =

TABLE I - Measurements01 19 lemales olOgma andensesp. n. Irom Perno

Measurementsin Jlm: L 370 316-380 341 17.1 body width 42 38-46 41 1.9 oesophaguslength 80 73-84 79 4.0 excretorypore from ant. end 98 90-112 100 5.7 stylet length 48 45-50 47 0.2 first labial annuluswidth 12 10-13 11 0.7 taillength 39 28-41 33 3.6 Annuii numbers: R 87 78..90 85 3.2 Rst 14 12..16 15 0.9 Roes 20 18.-24 21 1.4 Rex 27 25..29 27 1.0 Rv 16 13..16 15 0.8 Ran lO 8..10 9 0.6

Percentages: V 83 81-86 83 2.1 St % L 13 12-15 13 0.7 St % oes 60 55-67 60 3.4 Ratios: a 7-9 8 0.5 b 3.8-4.6 4.2 0.2 c 9-12 10 0.9 VLNB 1.5-2.2 L9 0.2

246 Fig. 3 - Mesocriconemaperuensifolme. Female: A, oesophagealregion; B, excretory pore (ventral view); C, entire £emale~D, anterior end; E, F, posterior body part (lateral and ventral view).

247 Fig. 4 - SEM photomicrographs of Mesocriconemaperuensiforme. A, entire female; B, C, D, anterior end from different angles bodv oart: F. anastomosedannuii: G. posterior bodv (ventral view); H, vulva (scalebars = 10 IJ.m).

248 c

Fig. 5 - Criconema (Nothocriconema)mutabile: A, entire female; B, oesophageaIregion; C, femaIe posterior body encIosedin the juveniIe cuticIe; D, E, G, posterior body part (IateraI and ventral view); F, anastomosedannuIi.

249

115 :i: 4.7 (105-122) (Lm; stylet = 58 :i: 1.7 (56-61)(Lm. Habitatand locality. SoiI from potato, barley and broad Ratios: a = 12 :i: 0.9 (11-14); b = 4.0 :i: 0.3 (3.2-4.3); c bean cultivated fields in rotation, collected at Chucuito = 24 :i: 2.2 (22-28); V = 92 :i: 0.9 (90- 93); R = 99 :i: {Puno}, Peru. 5.3 (86-108); Rst = 15 :i: 0.9 (14-17); Roes = 24 :i: 1.3 (22-26); Rex = 28 :i: 0.4 (27-30); Rv = 9 :i: 0.7 (8-10); Ran = 6:i: 0.7 (5-7);taillength = 17:i: 1.7 (14-19)(Lm; DISCOCRICONEMELLA REPLECTA Pinochet et Raski, VL/yB = 1.3 :i: 0.2 (1.1-1.5); St % L = 14 :i: 0.9 (13- 1976 (Fig. 6 F.I) 15); St % oes = 58 :i: 1.9 (55-62);body annuii = 4.5 :i: 0.5 (4-5.3) (Lm. Females(n = 8). L = 235 ~ 8.9 (219-245) fLmj maxi- Discussion.This specieshas been reported £rom South mum body width = 26 ~ 1.7 (23-28) fLmjpharynx = 80 ~ America: in Argentina, Venezuela and Peru (Loo£, 1964; 3.5 (76-87) fLmj excretory pare tram anterior end = 78 ~ Raski and Golden, 1966; Doucet, 1980). Morphometrical 5.5 (70-85) fLmj stylet = 46 ~ 1.0 (44-47) fLm.Ratios: a = data o£ our population tram Chucuito (Puno) correspond 8.8 ~ 0.4 (8.3-9.5)jb = 2.9 ~ Q.1 (2.8-3.1); c = 33 ~ well with previous descriptions o£ the speciesparticularly 3.9 (27-39)j V = 93 ~ 0.4 (92-93); R = 111 ~ 2.5 (107- with the values given in the originaI description by Taylor, 114); Rs£ = 21 ~ 1.0 (19-22); Roes = 36 ~ 1.3 (35- 39)j 1936. Rex = 32 ~ 1.2 (30-34)j Rv = 12 ~ 0.9 (11-13); Ran =

Fig. 7 - SEM photomicrographs of Criconema(Nothocriconema) mutabile (A-C) and Hemicriconemoidesmangiferae (D-F). A: Anteriorend; B, juvenile cuticular structures; C, posterior body part (latero-ventral view). D, anterior end; E, posterior body part (latero-ventral view); F, vulva (scalebars = 10 ILm).

251 6 % 0.7 (5-7); taillength = 7.0 % 1.0 (5.6-8.9) ILm; (Ancash), in rhizosphere of Zea mais; Catac (Ancash), in VL/VB = 0.8 % 0.04 (0.8-0.9); St % L = 19 % 0.7(18- rhizosphere of Graminaceae; 20 Km South of Huaras (An- 20); St % oes = 57 % 2.5 (53-60). cash), in soil from the rhizosphere of Eucaliptus sp. and Discussion. This specieswas originally described tram grass species,at more than 4000 m altitude. Porto Alegre, Brazil and differentiated by the authors tram D. limitanea (Luc, 1959) De Grisse et Loof, 1965 by the sbatter stylet among others characters. Chawla and Sa- Literature cited mathanam (1980) synonymized the two speciesbut Raski and Luc (1987) did not agree with this opinion and con- ANDRASSY1., 1979 - Revision of the subfamily Criconematidae sidered the two species distinct, particularly by unique Taylor 1936 (Nematoda). Opusc. Zool. Bpest., 16: 11-57. characters within the genus (the conspicuous constriction CHAWLA M.L. and SAMATHANAMG.]., 1980 - Threenew species of of the female body at level of vulva). In our population the the superfamily Criconematoidea (Tylenchida: Nematoda) body is strongly contracted ventrally (13-15%) at the from Tamil Nadu (India). Indian J. Nematol., lO: 59-68. DASGUPTAD.R., RASKI D.]. and V.AN GUNDY S.D., 1969 - Revi- vulva and regarding other morphometrical data it showsno sion of the genus Hemicriconemoides Chitwood & Birchfield, diff~rences with the originaI description and closely resem- 1917 (Nematoda, Criconematidae). J. Nematol., 2: 126-145. bles the Brazilian (Bahia State) popuIations reported by DoucET M.E., 1980 - Description of Macroposthonia ritteri n. sp. Loofand Sharma (1980). et étude d'une population de M. curvata et de trois populations de Nothocriconema mutabile (Criconematidae: Tylenchida) Habitat and locality. specimenscollected tram tropical provenant de Cordoba, Argentine. Nematol. medit., 8: 177- wet forest soil at Yahamono, Iquitos (Loreto), Peru. 192. FERRAZ S., 1980 - Reconhocimento das especies de fitonema- toides presentes nos solos de estado de Minas Gerais. Experi- entiae, 26: 255-328. HEMICRICONEMOIDES MANGIFERAE Siddiqi, 1961 LqoF P.A.A., 1964 - Free living and plant parasitic nematodes (Figs 6 A.E; 7 D.F) from Venezuela. Nematologica, lO: 201-300. LoOF P .A.A. and Sharma R.D., 1980 - DisCò'criconemella species Females(n = 10)..L = 467 % 24.7 (429-530) ILm; max- from Bahia State, Brazil (Nematoda: Criconematidae). Med. Fac. Landbouniv. Ri;ksuniv.. Gent., 45: 795-806. imum body width = 27 % 1.2 (25-29) ILm; pharynx = 107 Luc M., 1959' - Nouveaux Criconeniatidae de la zone intertropi- % 4.4 (98-112)ILm; excretory pare tram anterior end = cale (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Nematologica, 4: 6-22. 118 % 5.6 (112-132) ILm;styletlength = 67 % 3.5 (62-73) PINOCHET].and RASKI D.]., 1967 - Discocriconemella replecta n. ILm. Ratios: a ,;, 17 ~ 1.3 (16-21); b = 4.3 % 0.2 (4-5); sp. and the male of Criconemoides inusitatus Hoffman, 1974 (Criconematidae: Nematoda). J. Nematol., 8: 327-330. c = 22 % 1.4 (20-25); V = 92 % 0.7 (91-93); R = 127 % RASKI D.]. and GOLDEN A.M. 1965 - Studies on the genus 3.6 (123-135); Rst = 20 % 0.9 (19-22); Roes = 29 % 1.3 Criconernoides Taylor, 1936 with descriptions of eleven new (27- 31); Rex = 32 % 1.4 (30-35); RV = 11 % 0..7 (10- species and Bakernema variabile n.sp. (Cticonematidae: Nem- 12); Ran = 7 % 0.5 (7-8); taillength = 21 % 1.7(18-25) atoda). Nematologica, Il: 501-565. RASKI D.]. and Luc M., 1987 - A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nem- ILm; body annulus = 3.9 % 0.2 (3.4-4.3) ILm. atoda). 10. The superfamily Criconematoidea Taylor, 1936. Revue Nématol., lO: 409-444. Discussion.Our specimensshow no differences with ali SEINHORST].W., 1959 - A rapid method for thetransfer of nema- previous descriptions and correspond very weli withH. todes fromfixatives to anhydrous glycerin. Nematologica, 4: mangi/eraepopulations tram Venezuela (Dasgupta et al., 67-69. 1969). SEM morpho-anatomy presents usefuli characteris- TAYLOR A.L., 1936 - The genera and species of the Criconemati- tics to distinguish the speciessuch as the body annuIi be- nae, a subfamily of the Anguillulinidae (Nematoda). Trans. Ann. Microsc. Soc., 55: 391-421. tween vulva and anus, vulvar sheath and tail shape. WERGIN W.P., 1981 - Scanning electron microscopic techniques and applications for use in nematology, pp. 175-204, Vol. 3. Habitat and localities. Pisco (Ica), in rhizosphere of In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes (B.M. Zuckerman and R.A. Musa sp.; Ica (Ica) in rhizosphere of Vitis vini/era; Calca Rohde eds), Academic Press, New York.

Accepted forpublication on 9 October 1990.

252