The Making of an SS Killer: the Life of Colonel Alfred Filbert, 1905–1990 Alex J

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-14634-1 - The Making of an SS Killer: The Life of Colonel Alfred Filbert, 1905–1990 Alex J. Kay Index More information

Index

Alemannia (student fraternity) 15 Bradfisch, Otto 41, 51, 71, 100, 107, 163, Allied High Commission 90 191, 202 Alshibaya, Misha 90 Brancovskaya, Fania 5 Alzey 22 Braunschweig-Hannoversche Amburger, Andreas von 58 Hypothekenbank 91–92 Ashmyany 55 Bremen 11 Auschwitz See concentration camps; Bremen (ship) 11 extermination camps Brest 159 Austria 15, 26–27, 99 British Military Mission in Denmark 88 Brotbrück (major) 62 Baader, Andreas 111–112, 114 Buchenwald See concentration camps Baatz, Bernhard 193 Budapest 27 Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem 69, 85 Budianka 66 Bad Gandersheim 88–92, 97, 191, See also Hilprechtshausen manor Cahn, Eva 80 Bad Schmiedeberg 41, 154 Cahn, Paul 80 Baden-Württemberg 90, 96, 109, 121, 206 Calley, William Laws 206 Baltic 43, See also Estonia; Lithuania Caucasus 43, 89 Barbie, Klaus 94 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Bartsch, Heinz 99 94–95, 115 Bel Milloud, Aziz 118 Central Office for Jewish Emigration Belarus 3, 40, 43, 60, 85, 118–119 28, 129 Bente, Henry 11 Central Office of the Judicial Authorities of Berchtesgaden 87 the Federal States for the Berlin 2, 22–23, 25, 27, 31, 38, 41, 45, 48, Investigation of National Socialist 58–59, 62, 65, 70, 75–76, 78, 80, 82, Crimes 96, 111 100, 105, 120, 151, 192, Charenton 113 See also East Berlin; West Berlin Cherbourg 11 Berlin International Film Festival 116, CIA See Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 120 CIC See Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) Bernicke, Käthe Ilse Frieda See Filbert, Columbus (ship) 11 Käthe Commerz- und Privatbank 8 Best, Werner 1, 23–24, 38, 81, 105 Communist Party of Germany 85–86, 99 Bikovtshina 66 Communist Party of the Soviet Union 42, Bley, Erich 23 63, 66, See also Komsomol Blobel, Paul 123, 163 concentration camps 83, 85–86, See also Blume, Walter 41, 76, 100, 148, 160 extermination camps BND 94–95, 114–115 Auschwitz 86 Bolivia 94, 114 Buchenwald 3, 5, 79, 83, 85–87, 91, 118 Border Police Academy 41, 69 Dachau 129 Borovlyany 67 Flossenbürg 86 Bottrop 11, 87, 91, 120 Groß-Rosen 86

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236 Index

concentration camps (cont.) Sonderkommando 7a 41, 43, 49, 59, Mauthausen 99 76, 100, 148, 160 Neuengamme 86 Sonderkommando 7b 43 Ravensbrück 86 Einsatzgruppe C 153 Sachsenhausen 82–83, 99 Einsatzkommando 5 100, 148 Theresienstadt 80, 129 Sonderkommando 4a 163 Confederation of German Employers’ Einsatzgruppe D 39, 43, 149 Associations 14 Sonderkommando 11b 164 Corps Hassia-Gießen (student frater- Einsatzgruppe I (Polish campaign) 41 nity) 15 Einsatzkommando Tilsit 96 Corps Suevia (student fraternity) 138 Elser, Georg 37 Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) 94–95 Enabling Act 21 Crimea 43 England 115 Criminal Police See Reich Criminal Police; Ensslin, Gudrun 114 West German Federal Criminal Estonia 193, See also Baltic Police extermination camps See also concentration Czechoslovakia 26–27, See also Protectorate camps of Bohemia and Moravia; Auschwitz 80, 118, 120 Sudetenland Treblinka 78

Dachau See concentration camps Faller, Bernd 69–70 Dannecker, Theodor 1, 135 Federation of German Industries 14 Darmstadt 8, 13, 25, 41, 102, 115 Feltrinelli, Giangiacomo 114 Dessau 37, 83 Fiebig, Konrad 94, 100, 103 Dicks, Henry V. 5, 19, 80, 82, 106, 119, Filbert, Christiane 8–9, 35, 90, 115 122, 125 Filbert, Dieter 5, 31, 88, 92, 120–121, 202 Dirlewanger, Oscar 83, 85 Filbert, Erika 5 Dirlewanger Brigade See Waffen SS Filbert, Günter 31, 88, 120 Ditfurth, Wolfgang von 69, 75 Filbert, Käthe 31, 88–92, 106, 120, 191 Düben 41, 154 Filbert, Kurt 87, 125 Dvoritsha 66 Filbert, Lina 8, 87, 90–91, 106 Filbert, Otto 3, 5, 8, 10–12, 36–38, 75, 81, East Berlin 102, 110–111, See also Berlin; 83, 85–87, 90–91, 94, 104, 118–121, West Berlin 124, 127 Ehlers, Ernst 41 Filbert, Peter (father) 6, 8–9, 35, 37, 83, 90, Ehrlinger, Erich 202 92, 94 Eichmann, Adolf 3, 28, 39, 94, 102, 123, Filbert, Peter (nephew) 5, 37, 87, 90, 129, 135, 138 121, 125 Einsatzgruppen 2, 27, 40–44, 48, 51, Filbert, Ralph 5, 37, 121, 125 57–58, 60, 65, 68, 71, 75–76, 80, 96, Filbert, Wilhelmina 11, 37, 86–87, 91, 99, 100–101, 103, 105, 122–124, 120, 125 146, 150, 151, 154, 159, 165 Finke, August 28 Einsatzgruppe A 45, 63 First Grand Ducal Hessian Lifeguards Einsatzkommando 3 2, 163 Infantry Regiment No. 115 8 Einsatzgruppe B 2–3, 7, 40–41, 43, First World War 9, 17–19, 106 45–46, 55, 58–60, 62–63, 65, 67, Fleischmann, Georg 102 70–71, 76, 81, 102, 107, 148, 153 Flensburg 87–88 Advance Commando Moscow 2, Flossenbürg See concentration camps 43, 76 Foreign Policy Ofﬁce of the NSDAP 89 Einsatzkommando 8 41, 43, 71, 100, France 116 107, 153, 163, 191, 202 Freikorps 19 Einsatzkommando 9 3, 5, 6, 29, 41, Fritz Sauckel Works 83 43–55, 57–78, 92, 94, 96–97, Fumy, Rudolf 30 99–106, 122, 143, 153, 154, 173 Fürth 22

Index 237

Gehlen Organisation 94, 115 Heuser, Georg 163 German Army See High Command of the Heydrich, Reinhard 1, 14, 24, 27–28, 30, Army (OKH); Wehrmacht 38–42, 48, 57–59, 65, 69–70, 78–82, German Communist Party See Communist 100, 105, 118, 143, 150, 151, 159, Party of Germany 160, 165 German Red Cross 31, 33 High Command of the Army (OKH) 43 German Student Body (DSt) 15–16 Higher SS and Police Leaders 2, 42, 65, German Student Committee (AStA) 14 80, 87 German University Circle (DHR) 15 Hille, Adolf 90 Geschonneck, Erwin 111, 116 Hilprechtshausen manor 88–90, See also Geschonneck, Heike 111, 113–114 Bad Gandersheim Gestapo 25, 28, 38, 43–45, 49, 61, 79, 82, Himmler, Heinrich 1–2, 28, 37–39, 41–42, 102, 107, 143, 154, 163 48, 58, 79, 82–83, 85, 87, 100, Gestapo Central Office 24–26, 28 151, 159 Office I 23 Hitler, Adolf 3, 21, 37–38, 42, 69, 82, Magdeburg Gestapo 37, 83 86–88, 100, 102, 105, 119 ghetto, Jewish 63, 67 Holste, Eduard 71 in Łódź 92 Holzhausen 14 in Nevel 64–65 Höttl, Wilhelm 29 in Polatsk 63 Hungary 86, 111, 113 in Vitebsk 60, 65, 67–71, 115 in Yanavichy 65, 100, 105 Immensee (film) 205 Giessen 13, 14, 21–22, 88 Institute of Contemporary History 99 Globocnik, Odilo 1 International Military Tribunal 91, 101 Göring, Hermann 39–40 Italy 110 GPU 39, 125 Ivniki 66–67 Gramki 61 Grawitz, Ernst-Robert 33 Jäger, Karl 2, 123, 163 Greiffenberger, Wilhelm 45–46, 55, 57–59, Jeckeln, Friedrich 164 62, 65, 68–71, 76–77, 94, 100–103, Jerusalem 102, 123, 138 106, 115, 122 Jewish Council Grodno 46–48, 100, 159 in Nevel 64 Groß Rhüden 31 in Vilnius 52 Groß-Rosen See concentration camps Jewish ghetto See ghetto, Jewish Gründel, E. Günther 3, 17–19 Joffroy, Pierre 113, 118 Jost, Heinz 14–15, 22, 24, 27–29, 37, 39–40, Haffner, Sebastian 19 76, 78, 81, 141, 144, 146, 185 Hamburg 37, 120 Jud Süß (film) 110 Handelsinstitut Lust-Dickescheid 13 Jung, Philipp Wilhelm 23 Hanns Kerrl Communal Camp 25 Junkers Aircraft Factory 37 Hanover 91–92, 107 Justus Liebig University, Giessen 104–105 Haradok 61, 63, 66–67 Jüterbog 25 Haradok District 64 Harlan, Thomas 3, 94, 96, 108–120, 173 Kaunas 159 Harlan, Veit 3, 110–111, 118, 205 KGB 106 Haß, Karl 110 Kharkiv 68 Haupt, Richard 46, 48, 50 Klein, Friedrich 45, 57, 65 Hausner, Gideon 123 Koblenz 163 Hegewald 58 Koch, Karl Otto 79 Heidelberg 8, 13, 114–115 Kogon, Eugen 85 Hertfordshire 115 Komsomol 63, 66, See also Communist Hesse 14–15, 22, 24, 38, 81 Party of the Soviet Union Hesse, People’s State of 5, 12–13 Koskamp, Wilhelmina See Filbert, Hesse-Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of 12 Wilhelmina Hesse-Nassau 22 Kraków 85

238 Index

Kramer, Erika 5, 118 National Socialist Women’s League 35 Kramer, Robert 114, 116, 118–120, 173 Nazi Party (NSDAP) 14, 20–23, 31, 35, Kruk, Herman 52 79–80, 122 Kühner, Christiane See Filbert, Christiane Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg 22 Kulik, Grigory 64 Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act 94 Nebe, Arthur 2, 40, 48, 53, 55, 60, La caduta degli dei (film) 110 62–63, 71, 75, 81–82, 148, La Paz 114 159, 206 Langmann, Ursula 5, 113, 118 Netherlands 104 Law on the Granting of Impunity from Neubert, Richard 46, 60, 102–103 Prosecution 90–91 Neuengamme See concentration camps Lehn, Paul 37, 76 Neumann, Erich 71 Leningrad 68, See also St Petersburg Nevel 64–65, 67, 100, See also ghetto, Lepel 62, 65, 67, 173 Jewish; Jewish Council Lida 46, 50, 100, 159 New Haven 11 Lithuania 2, 5, 38, 46, 99, 119, See also New York 11 Baltic Nietzsche, Friedrich 18 Lobbes, Hans 82 NKGB 65, 67 Łódź 107, See also ghetto, Jewish NKVD 49, 65–66, 159 Lower Saxony 88, 91–92 Nockemann, Hans 23, 143 Ludwigsburg 96, 111 Norway 58 L’viv 159 Notre Nazi (film) 3, 5, 116, 118–120, 125, 173 McCloy, John J. 91, 193 NSDAP See Nazi Party (NSDAP) Mainz 12–13, 15 Nuremberg SS-Einsatzgruppen trial 19, Maladzyechna 60, 100 91, 100 Mandela, Nelson 114 Nuremberg Trial of the Major War Mannheim 8, 12, 87, 90–91 Criminals 91, 101 Marburg 13 Mattner, Walter 125 Officer School of the Security Police 80 Mauthausen See concentration camps Ohlendorf, Otto 39, 149 Meinhof, Ulrike 109, 114 Order Police 43, 87, 96 Memel Territory 38 Reserve Police Battalion 9 43–44, Mende, Gerhard von 89–90 46, 50–52, 59–61, 64, 96, 102, Menteroda 191 153, 154 Meyer, Karlheinz 71, 102–103, 105–106 Ostrova 66 MI5 144 Ostrovno 67 Ministry of Economics and Transport in Osyatno 66 Lower Saxony 92 Ministry of State in Hesse 22 Paneriai (Ponary) 52 Ministry of the Interior in Baden- Panziger, Friedrich 82 Württemberg 206 Paris 113, 135 Ministry of State Security (Stasi) 106, 110 partisans, Soviet 61, 63–64, 66, 69, 71 Minsk 60, 163 Peru 113 Mogilev 69, 125 Pferdmenges, Heinrich 89–90, 192 Möller, Irmgard 114 Philadelphia 37, 121 Moskalevo 61 Pister, Hermann 85 Müller, Bruno 164 Pletni 66 Müller, Heinrich 1, 39–40 Poland 27–28, 49, 78, 92, 96, 99, 105, 146 Munich 90, 99, 107 Polatsk 63–64, 66, See also ghetto, Jewish Portugal 116 National Socialist German Student Union Poznań 46, 79 (NSDStB) 13–14, 138 Pretzsch 40–41, 43, 45–46, 65, 69, 154 National Socialist German Workers’ Party Pribilnye 64 See Nazi Party (NSDAP) Prinz-Albrecht-Palais 23, 41–43

Index 239

Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 14, Sakowicz, Kazimierz 52, 165 See also Czechoslovakia; San Francisco 116 Sudetenland Sassen, Willem 123 Prussia 24 Sastarinya 66 Pullman Works 37 Saxony 40 Scenes from the Class Struggle in Portugal RAF See Red Army Faction (RAF) (film) 116 Rahm, Karl 129 Schäfer, Oswald 70–71, 105 Rasspe, Jan-Carl 114 Schauschütz, Franz 50, 52, 55 Rath, Karl 65, 100, 105 Schellenberg, Walter 39, 78, 81 Ratner, Sofiya Isidorovna 67, 69 Schenckendorff, Max von 69 Rauff, Walther 1 Schleswig-Holstein 87 Ravensbrück See concentration camps Schleyer, Hanns Martin 14, 137, 138 Red Army 66, 68, 86 Schneider, Gerhard 45–46, 51, 55, 57–62, commissars 42, 48, 62, 71, 75 65, 69, 71, 76, 92, 99–101, 103, Red Army Faction (RAF) 14, 108, 154, 167 111–112, 114–115, 206 Schneller, Ernst 99 Reich Criminal Police 2, 28, 43–45, 79, Schulz, Erwin 100, 148 81–83, 88, 154 Schulz, Karl 81–82 Berlin Criminal Police 45 Schulz-Isenbeck, Kurt 46, 65 Reich Criminal Police Office 28 SD See SS Security Service (SD) Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Secret State Police Central Office See Territories 89 Gestapo Central Office Reich Ministry of Economics 192 Secret State Police See Gestapo Reich Ministry of Finance 38 Security Police 28, 40, 45, 48, 53, 56, 60, Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) 5, 63, 80, 96, 160, 193 27–30, 38, 41, 43–45, 58, 71, 75, Main Office of the Security Police 28 78–79, 81–82, 87, 103, Seidel, Hans-Dieter 120 105–107, 110 Seidel, Rudolf 202 Office I 38, 39, 41, 45 Siauliai 159 Office II 2, 38, 143 Six, Franz Alfred 2, 38, 76 Office III 39, 87 Slovakia 85–86 Office IV 39 Smolensk 62, 159 Office V 40, 81, 87, 206 South Africa 114 Office VI 14, 28–30, 38, 78, 81, Southampton 11 87, 115 Soviet Communist Party See Communist Office VII 2 Party of the Soviet Union Reichstag 21, 99 Soviet partisans See partisans, Soviet Rembrandt 106 Soviet Union 39–43, 57, 96, 103, 122, See Reserve Police Battalion 9 See Order Police also Belarus; Estonia; Lithuania; Rheinische Kreditbank 12, 135 Russia; Ukraine Rhenish Hesse 12–13, 22 Sparkasse Hannover 92 Rhineland 12, 26, 143 Sredzki, Siegmund 99 Richter, Friedrich 192 SS 1–3, 7, 14, 20–22, 25, 30–31, 37–38, 40, Ronge, Paul 97, 103, 196 46, 49, 59, 63, 68–69, 75, 78–79, 81, Rosenberg, Alfred 39, 89 83, 88, 91, 96, 101, 110, 114–115, Rostock 110 122–123, 138, See also Waffen SS RSHA See Reich Security Main Office 1st SS Infantry Brigade 164 (RSHA) SS Cavalry Regiment 2 67 Russia 39, 41, 60, 69, 99–105, See also SS-Sturm 2/I/32 138 Soviet Union SS-Sturm 4/II/33 21–22 SS-Sturm 8/33 21 SA 21, 110 SS Security Service (SD) 5, 22–28, 30, 40, Sachsenhausen See concentration camps 43–46, 48, 51, 59, 75, 79–81, 88, St Petersburg 45, See also Leningrad 110, 154, 193

240 Index

SS Security Service (SD) (cont.) Venice International Film Festival 3, SD Main Office 22–23, 26 119–120 Office II 23 Versailles peace treaty 12 Office III 14, 24–30, 141 Vienna 28, 125, 129 Stammheim Prison 108–109, 111, Vietnam War 206 114–115, 120, 206 Vileyka 53, 55, 57–60, 77, 100, 159, 167 Stangl, Franz 78 Vilnius 46, 49–55, 57–58, 70, 76, 100, 103, Starokonstantinov 164 159, 160, See also Jewish Council Stasi See Ministry of State Security (Stasi) Vinnytsia 159 State Police See Gestapo Visconti, Luchino 110 Stern, Lisbeth 135 Vitebsk 60–70, 77, 80, 100, 103, 106, Streckenbach, Bruno 39–41 See also ghetto, Jewish Strasbourg International Film Festival on Volkenroda 88, 191 Human Rights 120 Vollheim, Friedrich 78 Strauß, Adolf 62 Vultshina 66 Struck, Bodo 68, 76, 100, 103 Vyazma 70 Stuttgart 108, 111, 115, 120, 206 Vyeryetshe 66 Sudetenland 15, 27, 144, See also Czechoslovakia; Protectorate of Waffen SS 38, 43–45, 52, 63–64, 68, 91, Bohemia and Moravia See also SS Suhrkamp, Peter 19 SS-Death’s Head Infantry Regiment Supreme Soviet of the Belarusian Soviet 14 39 Republic 66 Dirlewanger Brigade 83, 85–87, 91 Surazh 61–62, 65–66 Warsaw 43, 46, 85–86, 153 Surazh District 66 Warsaw Uprising 85 Wehrmacht 27, 38, 40, 42, 46, 50, 52–53, Technical University, Berlin 202 55–56, 60–64, 67, 69, 75, 80, 82, 85, Tegel Prison 5, 104, 106, 108, 110, 88, 91, 123–126, 160, 165 115, 122 11th Army 43 Tesmer, Hans 25, 143 Army Group Centre 43, 55, 62 Theresienstadt See concentration camps 9th Army 62 Thesen, Mathias 99 96th Infantry Division 52 Third US Army 29 403rd Security Division 5, 46, 51, 64, Thuringia 88 67, 69, 75 Tikhanovo 66 Field Headquarters 181 65 Torre Bela (film) 116 Korück 582 65 Treblinka See extermination camps Rear Area of Army Group Centre 69, Treuburg 46 99, 143 Tronkavichi 67 Army Group North 43 Truhovagara 66 Army Group South 43 Tunnat, Heinrich 45–46, 50–51, 59–60, Fighter Squadron 77 58 62–65, 94, 100, 103, 118 High Command of the Wehrmacht (OKW) 42 Ukraine 39, 43, 58 Secret Field Police 51, 53, 55, 66, 75 Ulm 96 Weimar 83 Ulm Einsatzgruppen trial 96 Weinheim 121 United States 10, 36–37, 94–95, 121, 125 Werner, Kurt 163 University of Giessen 5, 13–15, 22–23, Werner, Paul 115, 206 92, 143 West Berlin 92, 96–97, 99, 107–111, 116, University of Graz 23 120, See also Berlin; East Berlin University of Heidelberg 5, 13–15 West German Federal Criminal Police University of Marburg 13 in Berlin 97, 99 in Hanover 92 Varina 46 in Ludwigshafen 102 Velizh 159 Widmann, Albert 202

Index 241

Wiebens, Wilhelm 105 Yanavichy 65, 67, See also ghetto, Jewish Worms 8, 12–14, 21–23, 26, 35, Yeseritshe 66 83, 90, 94 Ypatingas Būrys 50, 52 Wundkanal (ﬁlm) 3, 5, 7, 94, 109–120, 205, 206 Zaitsevo 65 Zhytomyr 58 Yampil 58 Zirpins, Walter 92