APPENDIX E1

CULTURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY REPORT

This page intentionally left blank CULTURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED MONTEZUMA II WIND PROJECT, SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

P REPARED FOR:

NextEra Energy Montezuma II Wind, LLC 700 Universe Boulevard, MS FEW/JB Juno Beach, FL 33408 Contact: Cliff Graham 561.304.5372

P REPARED BY:

ICF International 630 K Street, Suite 400 Sacramento, CA 95814 Contact: Andrea Nardin 916.737.3000

August 2010

ICF International. 2010. Cultural Resources Inventory Report for the Proposed Montezuma II Wind Project, Solano County, California. August. (ICF 00336.10). Sacramento, CA. Prepared for NextEra Energy Montezuma II Wind, LLC, Juno Beach, FL.

Contents

Executive Summary ...... 1 Project Description ...... 1 Area of Impact ...... 3 Regulatory Setting ...... 3 Environmental Setting ...... 4 Cultural Setting ...... 5 Methods ...... 10 Results ...... 13 Criteria for Determining Historical Significance ...... 21 Conclusions ...... 27 Recommendations...... 27 References Cited...... 29

Appendix A Figures Appendix B Correspondence Appendix C DPR 523 Forms

Cultural Resources Inventory Report for the Proposed August 2010 i Montezuma II Wind Project, Solano County, California ICF 00336.10

Acronyms and Abbreviations

BP before present CCR California Code of Regulations CEQA California Environmental Quality Act County Solano County CRHR California Register of Historical Resources Delta Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta DPR California Department of Parks and Recreation GE General Electric Montezuma II Wind NextEra Energy Montezuma II Wind, LLC MW megawatt NAHC Native American Heritage Commission NRHP National Register of Historic Places NWIC Northwest Information Center PG&E Pacific Gas and Electric Company PRC Public Resources Code SMUD Sacramento Municipal Utility District USDA United States Department of Agriculture

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Cultural Resources Inventory Report for the Proposed Montezuma II Wind Project, Solano County, California

Executive Summary NextEra Energy Montezuma II Wind, LLC, (Montezuma II Wind) retained ICF International (ICF) (formerly ICF Jones & Stokes) to conduct a cultural resources inventory for the proposed Montezuma II Wind Project (proposed project), in the Montezuma Hills of Solano County. In 2008, ICF completed an initial inventory of the project area and submitted a draft cultural resources inventory to Montezuma II Wind. In 2010, ICF conducted a subsequent inventory after Montezuma II Wind expanded the proposed project by adding parcels to the project area. This revised report presents all cultural resources work completed for the proposed project to date.

The cultural resources inventory for the proposed project consisted of prefield research, coordination with interested parties, and archaeological and architectural surveys of the proposed project area. The prefield research identified three previously documented cultural resources: one historic‐period archaeological site (P‐48‐518) and two residences with associated outbuildings (P‐ 48‐519, P‐48‐523). The field inventories identified three additional historic‐period archaeological sites (M‐1H, M‐2H, SF‐1H); three isolated artifacts (ISO‐1, ‐2, ‐3); and three additional residences, associated outbuildings, and features (APNs 0090090070, 0090110160, 0090110300, 0090110310). No architectural resources were identified on parcel 0090110090.

Resource sites M‐1H, SF‐1H, P‐48‐519, P‐48‐523, Parcel 009009070, 0090110160, 0090110300, and 0090110310 all lie outside the proposed area of impact. Two sites, M‐2H and P‐48‐518, are located within the proposed area of impact. Although site M‐2H is located within the area of impact, the site is recommended not eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). Resource P‐48‐518 is also located within the proposed area of impact, but was previously evaluated as not eligible for listing in the CRHR (Environmental Science Associates 2002).

Project Description NextEra Energy Montezuma Wind II, LLC, (Montezuma II Wind), of Juno Beach, Florida, proposes to install and operate 34 wind turbines in the Collinsville‐Montezuma Hills in Solano County, California (Figure 1 in Appendix A). The proposed Montezuma II Wind Project’s (proposed project’s) generation capacity is up to 85 megawatts (MW) of electrical energy production, generating renewable wind energy to the California Independent System Operator power grid. The proposed project is located approximately 6 kilometers (4 miles) south of State Route 12, east of Birds Landing Road, and west of Currie and Anderson Roads. It is bisected by Montezuma Hills Road. This report was prepared to provide information to Solano County (County) in support of a conditional use permit application for the proposed project.

In order to achieve a nameplate generation capacity of up to 85 MW, which is dependent on the turbine selected, Montezuma II Wind is proposing to install either 34 General Electric (GE) 2.5 MW or 34 Siemens 2.3 MW (101) turbines, depending on model availability immediately prior to construction. Each turbine consists of three rotor blades with a rotor diameter of 100 meters (328

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feet) on the GE model and 101 meters (331 feet) on the Siemens model, sitting on a tubular tower measuring 85 and 80 meters tall (278 and 262 feet), respectively, for GE and Siemens model, with a total height of 135.5 meters (444.5 feet) (GE model) or 130.5 meters (428 feet) (Siemens model).

The proposed project would require permanent installation of the following elements: power collection system, communication lines, wind turbines, steel‐reinforced concrete foundation pads, a new substation, a grounding bed, expansion of an existing operation and maintenance building, and access service roads. Construction of temporary construction roads, a staging area, and a laydown yard would be required as well.

The proposed substation would be constructed immediately north of the existing High Winds project substation and would accommodate an additional transformer and other necessary power collection equipment. The power generated by the turbines would be conveyed to the power substation by the electrical power collection system that includes pad‐mounted transformers, buried cables, and junction boxes. A new substation is necessary in order to support the higher voltage that would be generated by the turbines and connected to Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) at the Birds Landing switchyard. Operations, storage, and repairs would take place at the existing High Winds facility, located immediately adjacent to the Montezuma II Wind project area. However, it will be necessary to expand these facilities to accommodate a new 5,000‐square‐foot (465‐square‐meter) building. The existing yard will need to be expanded to accommodate the new building and additional storage for spare turbine components and operations and maintenance activities.

South of Montezuma Hills Road, the enXco V wind project, composed of approximately 200 wind turbines, overlaps with the proposed project’s location. The enXco V Conditional Use Permit expires in 2016 and enXco plans to decommission the facility and remove all the wind turbines prior to that date. A portion of the enXco V wind turbines are in conflict with the proposed project. Under a pending agreement, the proponent anticipates enXco would allow Montezuma II Wind to install wind turbines on a portion of the enXco V project site and would remove and reclaim the area of the conflicting turbines before construction commences.

The proposed project encompasses approximately 3,389 acres (1,371 hectares) of private land divided into 20 parcels owned by six owners. The proposed project is situated in a sparsely populated rural area of Solano County and is surrounded by three communities: Bird’s Landing (approximately 2.4 kilometers [1.5 miles] west of the project area), Collinsville (approximately 5.2 kilometers [3.25 miles] to the southwest), and Rio Vista (approximately 12.9 kilometers [8 miles] to the northeast).

The proposed project would be compatible with existing zoning and land uses of the area, such as grazing, pasture, feed crop production, and rural residential use. Additionally, the Montezuma Hills region already supports the following energy‐producing facilities: the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD); the High Winds project; the enXco V project; the Shiloh I project; the Shiloh II project; and the Montezuma I Wind Project, which is currently under construction. With the exception of public roads, no public lands are affected by the proposed project. Road rights‐of‐way and residential, wetland, and transmission setbacks are present within the project area boundaries.

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Area of Impact While the project area for the proposed project is approximately 1,371 hectares (3,389 acres) of treeless rolling hills, the area of impact, for the purposes of this report, is defined as the maximum possible area of direct impact resulting from the proposed project, including all areas of ground‐ disturbing activities. Approximately 1,214 hectares (3,000 acres), an area much larger than the footprint of the proposed project, were surveyed in the field as part of this study to allow the project proponent some flexibility when siting project components. The area of impact is much smaller than the project area and is confined to the proposed locations of wind turbines, power collection system, communication lines, foundation pads, substation, grounding bed, and access and service roads (Figure 2 in Appendix A). The area of impact for the built environment includes all standing buildings and structures within 305 meters (1,000 feet) of the proposed turbine locations.

Regulatory Setting California Environmental Quality Act and Cultural Resources The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines (Section 15064.5) requires that public agencies financing or approving public or private projects must determine the significance of impacts on archaeological and historical resources. The guidelines state that “a project with an effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment.” CEQA requires that alternative plans or mitigation measures be considered if a project would result in significant impacts on important cultural resources. However, only impacts on significant cultural resources need to be addressed. Therefore, prior to the development of mitigation measures, the importance or “significance” of any known cultural resources must be determined. The steps that are normally taken in the course of a cultural resources investigation for CEQA compliance are listed below. 1. Identify known cultural resources. 2. Evaluate the significance of the known resources. 3. Evaluate the impacts of the project on all known resources. 4. Develop and implement measures to mitigate the impacts of the project on significant resources, namely historical resources and unique archaeological resources.

The CEQA Guidelines define three ways that a cultural resource may qualify as a historical resource for the purposes of CEQA review.

 The resource is listed in or determined eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR).

 The resource is included in a local register of historical resources, as defined in Public Resources Code (PRC) 5020.1(k), or is identified as significant in a historical resource survey meeting the requirements of PRC 5024.1(g), unless the preponderance of evidence demonstrates that it is not historically or culturally significant.

 The lead agency determines the resource to be significant as supported by substantial evidence in light of the whole record (14 California Code of Regulations [CCR] 15064.5[a]).

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Eligibility criteria are discussed later in this report.

Environmental Setting The Montezuma Hills—isolated and unique geologic formations just north of the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers—occupy an area of approximately 259 square kilometers (100 square miles). Gently rolling ridges between 15 and 91 meters (50 and 300 feet) above sea level dominate the landscape of the proposed project area. These hills are surrounded by the Coast Ranges to the west, the fragmented islands and dendritic sloughs and channels of the Sacramento– San Joaquin River Delta (Delta) to the south and east, and the Central Valley to the north.

Geologically, the regional substrate of the Montezuma Hills consists of Quaternary nonmarine sediments formed by inland swamps or possibly alluvial deposition (Bailey 1966). These Quaternary‐age (1.6 million years before present [BP] to present) deposits were folded, faulted, and raised by movement in the San Andreas Fault system (Dickinson 1981; United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] Forest Service 1998). The hills were subsequently shaped by fluvial erosion (USDA Forest Service 1998). Today, the geomorphology is largely undisturbed and conforms to prehistoric conditions. The hills are arid with only seasonal and ephemeral drainages crossing the landscape (USDA Forest Service 1998).

Historically, the dominant native vegetation in the hills consisted of purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra) (Heady 1977). This perennial grass is the distinctive and characteristic species of the Central Valley prairie. Because plant succession cycles in the prairie tended toward perennial bunchgrasses such as purple needlegrass on all well‐drained upland sites (Heady 1977), the arid Montezuma Hills supported a quintessential California prairie plant community. Today, wheat cultivation (Triticum sp.) replaces the native flora.

At one time, native fauna in the region included pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana), black‐ tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi), kangaroo rat (Dipodomys heermanni), pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae), and possibly tule elk (Cervus elophus nannodes). The development of subspecies and strains unique to the Central Valley among these fauna suggest a long association between the floristic and faunal communities (Heady 1977).

The Holocene environment of the region was characterized by a general warming trend that subsumed episodes of relatively cool climates. Most paleoclimatic reconstructions for the Central Valley are based on Ernst Antevs’ (1948, 1953, 1955) three‐part global climatic sequence. The sequence spans the Holocene, consisting of the moderately cool/moist Anathermal (ca. 10000–7500 BP), the warm and dry Altithermal (ca. 7500–4000 BP), and the Medithermal (ca. 4000 BP to present). Tree‐ring growth chronologies from central eastern California, glacial chronologies, and pollen cores generally corroborate Antevs’ sequence, with the caveat that California’s Holocene environment exhibited regional variation (Adam 1967; Birkeland et al. 1976; Birman 1964; Curry 1969, 1970; Moratto et al. 1978; Sercelj and Adam 1975).

Pollen diagrams from the Lake Tahoe and Yosemite areas indicate a vegetation shift suggesting a general increase in temperature between 9000 and 2900 BP, although six relatively cool/moist periods, each lasting from 400 to 1,500 years, punctuated the general warm/dry trend (Moratto et al. 1978:150–151). Today the Montezuma Hills enjoy a typically Californian temperate climate. Modern average annual temperatures fluctuate between 14 and 16°C (58 and 62°F). Most

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precipitation occurs as rain. Typical precipitation is 40.6–50.8 centimeters (16–20 inches) a year (USDA Forest Service 1998).

Cultural Setting Prehistoric Context The proposed project area is located within the boundaries of the Delta subregion of the Central Valley archaeological region, as defined by Moratto (1984). Little is known of human occupation of this region before 4500 BP. As a result of rapid alluvial and colluvial deposition in the valley over the past 10,000 years, ancient cultural deposits have been deeply buried in many areas.

The earliest evidence of widespread occupation of the lower Delta region appears at archaeological deposits assigned to the Windmiller Pattern (Early Horizon), dated between 4500 and 2500 BP. The Windmiller Pattern has been associated by some archaeologists with the arrival of Utian peoples from outside California (see Ethnographic Context), who had adapted to riparian and wetland environments (Moratto 1984).

Windmiller group subsistence‐settlement patterns are poorly understood because few known archaeological sites are ascribed to this archaeological pattern. Available data indicate that Windmiller group sites are typically located on low rises or knolls in the floodplains of creeks or rivers. Such locations would have provided protection from seasonal floods while retaining proximity to riparian, marsh, and grassland biotic communities.

Most known Windmiller Pattern sites contain cemeteries, implying some degree of sedentism. Windmiller groups typically buried the deceased in a ventrally extended position with abundant grave goods and oriented the head to the west.

Subsistence needs were met through hunting and fishing, as evidenced by large projectile points (spear or dart tips), baked clay net sinkers, bone fish hooks and spears, and remnants of faunal remains at Windmiller Pattern sites. The presence of Windmiller Pattern ground stone tools, such as mortars and milling slabs, indicate that Windmiller groups collected plant foods (seeds, nuts, and perhaps roots).

Other artifacts characteristic of the Windmiller Pattern include charmstones, quartz crystals, bone awls and needles, and beads and ornaments manufactured from abalone shell (Haliotis sp.) and olive snails (Olivella sp.) (Beardsley 1948; Heizer 1949; Heizer and Fenenga 1939; Lillard et al. 1939; Ragir 1972; Schulz 1970).

The succeeding Berkeley Pattern (Middle Horizon) dates from 2500 to 1500 BP, overlapping in time at least some Windmiller Pattern manifestations. Archaeologists have identified more Berkeley Pattern sites than Windmiller Pattern sites, and sites representing the former pattern are also more widespread. Deep midden deposits, suggesting larger residential group size, greater frequency of site reuse, and/or a greater degree of sedentism, characterize Berkeley Pattern sites. Berkeley group subsistence, in contrast to Windmiller groups, placed greater emphasis on acorns (Quercus spp.) and other vegetal food sources.

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Ethnographic Context The proposed project area is located in a portion of the Delta that was most likely used by several Native American groups in recent prehistory and the historic period. Anthropologists have drawn conflicting pictures of Native American use of the Montezuma Hills: The region has been variously ascribed to the Southeastern Patwin (Bennyhoff 1977:164; Johnson 1978: Figure 1; Kroeber 1925: Plate 1), the Plains Miwok (Levy 1978: Figure 1; Theodoratus et al. 1980: Map 2), and the Bay Miwok (Bennyhoff 1977:164; Levy 1978: Figure 1; Theodoratus et al. 1980: Map 2).

Given that the Bay Miwok village Ompin was located approximately 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) south of the present project area (Levy 1978), it is likely that Bay Miwok used the Montezuma Hills most intensively up to the historic period, although Plains Miwok, Southern Patwin, and possibly Northern Yokuts and Ohlone/Costanoan groups made periodic visits to the Montezuma Hills as well (Theodoratus et al. 1980). The following discussion is a summary description of Bay Miwok culture.

The southern portion of the project area was occupied by the Ompin tribelet of the Bay Miwok. The Montezuma Hills were not, however, occupied permanently by the Ompin or their closest neighbors, the Southern Patwin and Plains Miwok (Bennyhoff 1977:146). Bay Miwok territory encompassed the southeastern portion of the Montezuma Hills near Rio Vista and extended west to encircle what is now the town of Walnut Creek. The southern part of Bay Miwok land included Mount Diablo and extended east as far as Plains Miwok territory in the vicinity of Sherman Island (Levy 1978: Figure 1).

The Bay Miwok distributed themselves into tribelet groups that consisted of a village or groups of villages that shared linguistic and/or kinship affinities. Theodoratus et al. (1980:78) estimated the average population of Bay Miwok tribelets at 300 persons. Settlements were located on permanent watercourses and intermittent streams (in drier areas), and on high ground in areas near the Delta (Theodoratus et al. 1980).

The Bay Miwok followed a seasonal round to acquire necessary food and other materials. The Ompin tribelet in particular would have visited the Montezuma Hills in the spring and summer to hunt pronghorn antelope, jackrabbit, and possibly tule elk (Theodoratus et al. 1980). Seed‐bearing grasses and sedges may have been available during this period as well. Resources available in the Delta and the surrounding marshlands included deer, pronghorn antelope, tule elk, rodents, waterfowl, freshwater mussels, freshwater clams, fish, and various insects (Levy 1978).

The Bay Miwok constructed several types of structures. Conical thatch structures covered with tule mats were commonly used as residences both along the Delta and in uplands such as the Montezuma Hills. The Bay Miwok constructed semisubterranean, earth‐covered lodges that served as winter homes. Other structures included acorn granaries, menstrual huts, sweathouses, and assembly houses of two types: a semisubterranean earth lodge and a circular brush enclosure. The Bay Miwok made the semisubterranean earth lodge a ritual and social focal point. The brush enclosure provided space for ceremonies (Levy 1978).

Miwok technology included bone, stone, antler, wood, and textile tools. Hunting was accomplished with bow and arrow as well as traps and snares. Basketry items included seed beaters; cradles; sifters; rackets for ball games; and baskets for storage, winnowing, parching, and carrying burdens. Other textiles included mats and cordage. Tule rafts were constructed for navigation on rivers and in the Delta (Levy 1978).

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The Bay Miwok first came into contact with Europeans in the second half of the eighteenth century, when Spanish explorers entered the area. The first baptisms took place in 1794 and the last in 1827. A majority of the Bay and Plains converts were taken to Mission San Francisco and Mission San Jose. It appears that many Bay and Plains Miwok tribelets disappeared through the combined effects of population removal to the missions and epidemics. Accounts exist of Miwok individuals who resisted missionization and fled to their villages. As a consequence, the Spanish formed military expeditions to recapture the fugitives.

At first the Miwok remained hidden in Delta lands, but eventually they learned to emulate Spanish warfare tactics. Several tribelets initiated counterattacks in the form of raids on missions and ranchos (Heizer 1941). With the arrival of trappers, gold miners, and settlers in California, the Miwok suffered exposure to newly introduced diseases. Although this early contact with settlers had a destructive impact on the Miwok population, specific tribal relationships with settlers varied.

While hostilities occurred between the Sierra Miwok and miners, some of the Plains Miwok were put to work in agricultural operations on the large land grants coming into existence at that time. After the United States acquired California in 1848, some of the Miwok were displaced to Central Valley locations, while many remained on the rancherias established in the Sierra Nevada foothills.

During the final decades of the nineteenth and early years of the twentieth centuries, the Miwok living on the foothill rancherias adapted to a new lifestyle. Subsistence through hunting and gathering was now augmented by seasonal wage labor on ranches and farms. As reliance on cash incomes increased, traditional subsistence practices suffered (Levy 1978). Several persons of Miwok descent still survive and maintain strong communities and action‐oriented organizations (Levy 1978). Historic Context Exploration Spanish explorers visited the Delta frequently. Pedro Fages scouted the shores of San Francisco Bay in search of a suitable mission site, and by 1772 had traveled as far inland as the San Joaquin River (Kyle 1990; Thompson 1958). Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza explored the same territory in 1776. The Spanish began explorations of the Sacramento River as well, beginning with Francisco Eliza’s expedition up that river. Between 1806 and 1817, mission site reconnaissance expeditions were conducted by a number of explorers, including Gabriel Moraga (1806, 1808), Father Ramon Abella (1811), Jose Antonio Sanchez (1811), and Father Narciso Duran (1817) (Beck and Haase 1974:20– 21).

Early Euro‐American Settlement Euro‐American encroachment into the Montezuma Hills began in 1844, when John Bidwell (1819– 1900) petitioned the Mexican government for a land grant in southeastern Solano County (Kyle 1990:464). Manuel Micheltorena, the thirteenth governor of Mexican Alta California, made the grant to Bidwell that same year for the 7.173‐hectare (17,726‐acre) Rancho Los Ulpinos. The grant was located on the west bank of the Sacramento River and extended west into the eastern portion of the proposed project area (Beck and Haase 1974:29; Kyle 1990:646; cf. Gregory 1912:64; Hunt 1926:78, 228). Bidwell built an adobe house in the vicinity of present‐day Rio Vista and attempted to cultivate

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the land. His efforts at agriculture, as well as those of subsequent settlers on the rancho, were unsuccessful, although one settler went on to establish the town that became Rio Vista (Hunt 1926).

The second thrust of Euro‐American settlement occurred in 1846 with the establishment of the Hastings Adobe approximately 0.8 kilometer (0.5 mile) southwest of the project area. The adobe is named for Lansford W. Hastings, a lawyer who arrived in California from Oregon in 1843. Active in early American settlement of the Montezuma Hills region, he traveled extensively in an attempt to draw new settlers.

Hastings traveled to the east coast in 1844 and published a book titled The Emigrant’s Guide. Upon his return to California, he was chosen as an agent for the Mormon Church to identify a suitable location for a colony in Mexican California. He chose a site at the head of Suisun Bay and, in 1846, laid out plans for a town at this location. Hastings constructed an adobe for himself, which he named Montezuma House.

The American occupation of California in 1846 dashed Hastings’s hope for a land grant from the Mexican government. The annexation of California as a territory of the United States also prompted Mormons to lose interest in the Montezuma Hills area as a colony site because of mistreatment they suffered from non‐Mormons elsewhere in the country. Three years later, Hastings abandoned the adobe (Hunt 1926; Kyle 1990:465; Theodoratus et al. 1980:130).

Lindsay Powell Marshall Sr. and his sons John and Charles Knox reoccupied the adobe in 1853. Marshall, a native of Booneville, Missouri, was a land speculator and cattle rancher who had acquired land in Benicia in 1852. Marshall and his sons took possession of the Hastings Adobe as squatters, and they purchased the property from Hastings in 1854 (Gregory 1912; Kyle 1990:465; Theodoratus et al. 1980:130).

The Marshalls raised livestock on the ranch and expanded their landholdings by systematically acquiring additional acreage. Through a combination of cash entry patents, a homestead patent, and swamp and overflowed‐land patents, the Marshall family added more than 405 hectares (1,000 acres) to their holdings by 1873. From 1866 to 1873, the Marshalls shifted the emphasis of their agricultural enterprise from cattle ranching to small‐scale farming and dairying. Winter wheat was a prominent product of the Marshall ranch.

Portions of the Marshall ranch were sold to John Kierce and Edward Jenkins by 1880, and Samuel Stratton acquired the adobe in the 1890s. The Stratton family continued to farm the property, running a dairy and cultivating grain, until 1964. Other early landowners in the Montezuma area included Robert Donald and Mrs. Bridget Sullivan (1909) (Eager 1890, 1909; Theodoratus et al. 1980:131).

Agriculture Further agricultural development in the Montezuma Hills area was stimulated by Delta reclamation efforts from the 1850s to the early twentieth century. Following the precedent of a similar act in Arkansas called the Arkansas Swamp Land Act, the California State Legislature passed its own Swamp Land Act in 1855 to provide for the sale of overflowed and swamp land, the proceeds of which were to facilitate land reclamation. Under this act, up to 129 hectares (320 acres) of land per person could be sold at $1 per acre. Swamp and overflowed land could be bought on credit, although the purchaser was obligated to reclaim half the land purchased within 5 years.

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The attempts of individual landowners to build levees and reclaim swamp and overflowed land in the 1850s proved futile in most cases. The landowners’ levees were not sufficient to prevent flooding. A network of levees and drains was required, necessitating a level of capital investment beyond the means of most individual landholders.

In 1861, the state legislature created the State Board of Reclamation Commissioners and authorized it to form reclamation districts (McGowan 1961). In an attempt to enclose large areas within natural levees, 32 districts were formed. After the board was dissolved in 1866, control of swamp and overflowed land fell to the counties (Thompson 1958). Acreage limitations were removed and incentive programs were instituted. When a landowner certified that $2 per acre had been spent on reclamation, the purchase price of the land was refunded to the deed holder. Speculators took advantage of this offer and a period of opportunistic and often irrational levee building followed (McGowan 1961; Thompson 1958).

Emery Upham was among the agriculturists to take advantage of the availability of land. Upham began acquiring land and established a large livestock and ranching operation just north of Collinsville in 1865. By 1870, Upham owned 2,630 hectares (6,500 acres) of the Montezuma Hills and adjacent slough areas. Upham continued to increase his acreage, and by 1880 his holdings totaled 3,278 hectares (8,100 acres), including the town of Collinsville. Upham grew wheat and raised swine, sheep, dairy cattle, and beef cattle. Upon his death in 1897, Upham’s land was divided and sold to private landowners, who continued to farm and ranch on the land (William Self Associates 1993).

The project area is characterized by agricultural land and farmsteads, including clusters of single‐ family residences and outbuildings. Birds Landing was originally a trading place for ranchers of surrounding districts. The region, including what was known then as Montezuma, was settled as a farming community in the mid‐1800s. Montezuma maintained its agricultural landscape through the twentieth century. During the mid‐1970s, area residents sought to preserve the rural feel of the area through legal restrictions on development (Hunt 1926).

Transportation Nineteenth‐century transportation to and from the Montezuma Hills was limited to river ferries and a network of roads. Smaller Delta towns such as Collinsville relied on river ferries to connect them to rail transportation and other river towns. For example, Hastings established a ferry near Collinsville in the late 1880s that connected Collinsville with the opposite side of the Delta (Hunt 1926:38). To reach inland destinations such as Fairfield, however, residents of the Montezuma Hills region were dependent on roads.

Through the 1870s, road development was limited in this area, comprising a few tracks and unimproved roads (General Land Office 1862; Henning 1872). The current system of roads from the Montezuma Hills to Fairfield, Rio Vista, and Dixon was established between 1872 and 1890 (Henning 1872; Eager 1890). Birds Landing Road was established by 1890, running along the north side of the project area. Road 346, also called Montezuma Hills Road, was established by 1909. Today, numerous tractor‐trailer rigs regularly use Montezuma Hills Road, carrying products from farms in the Montezuma Hills to northern destinations.

The 1870s saw the expansion of railroads throughout California. Several different routes connected the major towns of the Delta area—such as Benicia, Vallejo, Fairfield, and Pittsburg—to the rest of California. Between 1913 and 1914, the Oakland, Antioch, & Eastern Railway Co. (established March

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28, 1911 and a predecessor to the Sacramento Northern Railway) extended its Oakland‐to‐ Sacramento line through the Montezuma Hills. The Oakland, Antioch, & Eastern line connected the Montezuma Hills and the surrounding area to Pittsburg, Oakland, Fairfield, Vacaville, and Sacramento, enabling rapid transport of agricultural products to a wide market (C. F. Weber & Co. 1914; Robertson 1998:193–195).

Methods The effort to identify cultural resources in the proposed project area included a records search of previous cultural resource investigations and recorded sites; a review of literature relevant to the prehistory, ethnography, and history of the project vicinity; consultation with Native American representatives of Bay Miwok and Patwin descent, historic societies, and other interested parties; and a site visit and pedestrian survey of the proposed project area. Records Search A records search was conducted on April 14, 2008 and a supplementary record search was conducted on April 16, 2010 for the additional parcels by the staff at the Northwest Information Center (NWIC) of the California Historical Resources Inventory System in Rohnert Park, California. Records of previously conducted cultural resource investigations and previously recorded cultural resources were consulted for the project area plus a 1.6‐kilometer (1‐mile) radius. The records search also included a review of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the Directory of Properties in the Historic Property Data File for Solano County. Historic topographic maps and survey plats were also consulted (Henning 1872; General Land Office 1862, 1853; U.S. Geological Survey 1908).

A total of cultural resources investigations have been previously conducted within the project area. Three cultural resources were recorded during one of those investigations. Cultural resources identified include three historic‐period sites. Historic resources include two homesteads and the remnant of two ranching or farming related buildings.

In 1980, Theodoratus et al. conducted an archaeological investigation within the southern boundary the proposed project area. No cultural resources were recorded as a result of their investigation (Theodoratus et al. 1980).

In 1987 and 1989, Holman & Associates conducted an archaeology literature review and field inspection in and near the current project area. No cultural resources were recorded as a result of their investigation (Holman and Associates 1987 and 1989).

In 1991, Biosystems Analysis Inc. conducted a linear archaeological inspection in and near the western boundary of the current project area. No cultural resources were recorded as a result of their investigation (Biosysystems Analysis Inc. 1991).

In 1995, INFOTEC Research Inc. and Far Western Anthropological Research Group conducted an archaeological investigation within the eastern boundary of the proposed project area. No cultural resources were recorded within the 1.6‐kilometer (1‐mile) radius of the project area as a result of their investigation (Far Western Anthropological Research Group 2005).

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In 2001, Jones & Stokes conducted a cultural resources inventory in and near the proposed project area. One archaeological historical site was recorded, and two historical properties were recorded within the setbacks of the current project location. The archaeological historical site consists of a burned‐down ranching or farming related property, and it is located at the western boundary of the project area and outside of the areas of impact. The two historical properties consist of farmsteads and are located within the proposed project area. However, both properties are within the construction buffer zone, with a 305‐meter (1,000‐foot) setback. (Jones & Stokes 2001.)

Property‐specific research was conducted at the California State Library, the Solano County Assessor’s and Recorders Office, the Solano County Planning Department, and ICF International’s (ICF’s) cultural library. Various sources, such as parcel permits and historic maps, were used to develop historical context and themes in which architectural resources could be evaluated for significance. Native American Correspondence ICF had previously requested from the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) a record search of their sacred lands file and a list of Native Americans with knowledge of and interest in local cultural resources. The NAHC informed ICF that no sacred lands have been reported in the project vicinity. Additionally the NAHC provided a list of Native American contacts for Solano County.

On September 23, 2008, ICF mailed project notification letters to Katherine Erolinda Perez (Bay Miwok, Ohlone/Costanoan, and Northern Valley Yokuts descent), Marshall McKay (Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun), Elaine Patterson (Cortina Band of Indians), the Wintun Environmental Protection Agency, Bill Combs (Cortina Band of Indians), and Kesner Flores (Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintu Indians). On October 1, 2008 the letter sent to Kesner Flores was returned to sender, without a forwarding address. On September 30, 2008, follow‐up telephone calls were made to all individuals who received project notification letters. On June 11, 2010 ICF staff mailed a project update letter and maps to the people listed above with the exception of Mr. Flores. To date no information regarding cultural resources has resulted from this correspondence. Copies of this correspondence are in Appendix B of this document. No responses have been received to date. Historical Society Correspondence ICF contacted the Solano County Historical Association, the Solano County Genealogical Society and Vacaville Museum via letter on September 23, 2008 to inquire if they had any historical information pertinent to the proposed project or concerns regarding the proposed actions. Copies of this correspondence are in Appendix B of this document. Follow‐up phone calls were made on September 30, 2008. As of the date of this document, no responses have been received. Archaeological Inventory ICF conducted a pedestrian archaeological survey of the project area over the course of three partial‐week field sessions on the following dates: September 8–12, 2008; September 14 and 18, 2008; and September 24, 2008. Qualified archaeologists Andrea Nardin, M.A.; Thomas Martin, M.A.; and Karen Crawford, M.A., conducted the archaeological survey. On 2010 Montezuma II Wind expanded the project area to an additional 607 hectares (1,500 acres) to include parcels adjacent to the original project area. These parcels were surveyed on June 2–4, 2010 by qualified archaeologists

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Ms. Nardin, Ms. Crawford, Jay B. Baker, Armando Cuellar, John Kuhn, Christine Martin, and Lily E. Henry Roberts. Based on ethnographic and environmental data, the project area is divisible according to sensitivity (high versus low) for the presence of prehistoric cultural resources. High‐ sensitivity areas were defined as seasonal and year‐round watercourses, wetlands, flat areas surrounding streams and wetlands, and ridges that afforded easy access to sources of water.

Low‐sensitivity areas were defined as the majority of ridges and steep slopes. Highly sensitive areas were surveyed intensively using transects spaced 15 to 30 meters (49 to 98 feet) apart. Low‐ sensitivity areas were surveyed at a cursory level using transects spaced 30 meters (98 feet) apart. The majority of the project footprint is located on cultivated ridges and hills as well as along seasonal watercourses. The cultivated areas are composed of a mixture of plowed soil (permitting 100 percent visibility of the ground surface), standing wheat crops (permitting 0 to 20 percent ground visibility), cut wheat and hay fields (permitting ground visibility from 0 to 20 percent), and dry pasture (permitting ground visibility from 0 to 70 percent).

The first week of the pedestrian survey employed a block coverage/intensive strategy over a 322‐ hectare (795‐acre) area on the north side of the proposed project (North of Montezuma Hills Road) to sample the potential for archaeological deposits within the project area as a whole. This initial effort resulted in the recordation of one historical archaeological site (M‐1H), one prehistoric isolate consisting of a prehistoric stone net weight (ISO‐1), and two historical isolates consisting of fragments of historic glass (ISO‐2, ISO‐3). Survey coverage is depicted in Figure 3 in Appendix A.

The second session of the pedestrian survey encompassed the southern portion of the proposed project area (south of Montezuma Hills Road) totaling 274.5 hectares (678.31 acres). This portion of the proposed project area was deemed low sensitivity and has been disturbed by previously constructed wind turbine projects and associated access roads. This area of the project contains one previously recorded archaeological resource, P‐48‐518, and one newly recorded resource, M‐2H. The previously recorded resource, Site P‐48‐518 consists of historic‐period foundations of farming related structures. The newly recorded site M‐2H consists of a mixed modern and historic‐period refuse scatter. Survey coverage is depicted in Figure 3 in Appendix A.

The third session of the pedestrian survey in June 2010 encompassed the newly added parcels of the project area (south of the Montezuma Hills Road and east of Collinsville Road and a small parcel between Birds Landing Road and Montezuma Hills Road), totaling 607 hectares (1,500 acres). At least 60 percent of the proposed project area has been disturbed by previously constructed wind turbine projects and associated access roads. This area of the project contains one newly recorded resource, SF‐1H. SF‐1H consists of a windmill with associated trough. Survey coverage is depicted in Figure 3 in Appendix A.

Shaded areas in Figure 3 depict areas with County‐imposed wind turbine setbacks that limit the construction of wind turbines. These setback areas are equal to three times the turbine height of the closest wind turbine. Several other setbacks are also imposed by the County, including setbacks from wetlands, which have a buffer zone of 200 feet (100 feet on each side), residential properties, and transmission facilities.

Figure 3 depicts proposed collection lines in areas that are marked as “Not Surveyed.” These unsurveyed areas consist of wetlands or seasonal drainages, where any collection lines appearing to cross over these wetlands or seasonal drainages would actually be installed through horizontal directional drilling methods. Archaeologists conducted intensive survey around the perimeter of these unsurveyed areas.

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farmstead that burned down approximately 40 years ago, falls outside of the area of impact, but because no archaeological record exists of the property, basic site characteristics were recorded and site records were created for reporting purposes. Site SF-IH, a windmill, is located at the western boundary of the property for the proposed project area and falls within the wetlands setback.

Architectural Inventory

A previous survey of the area was conducted by Jones & Stokes in July 2001. During that survey eight architectural resources were identified. On September 12, 2008, ICF architectural historian Maya Beneli conducted a field survey of the current proposed project area. An additional field survey of four parcels was conducted on May 10, 2010 by architectural historians Maya Beneli and Patricia Ambacher. As part of the field process, buildings, structures, and linear features 45 years old or older were inspected, photographed, and documented using written notes. No architectural resources were identified on parcel 0090110090.

Results

The cultural resources inventory of the proposed project resulted in the identification of seven archaeological resources (in Appendix A, Figure 4 depicts 2008 survey results, and Figure 3 includes survey results during 2010 survey) and 30 architectural resources 45 years old or older. Of these resources, one of the archaeological resources and nine architectural resources had been previously recorded as part of the 2001 study.

site was not revisited. Previously recorded architectural resources are located on parcel numbers 0090090110, 0090190160, and 0090110310. Three buildings 50 years or older were identified on parcel number 0090090110, and five buildings 50 years or older were identified on parcel number 0090190160.

The 30 architectural resources within the project area recorded for this cultural resources inventory comprise five residences, one garage, five barns, 18 sheds/outbuildings, and one rural open space. All of these resources are 45 years old or older, and they are evaluated for the CRHR later in this report. None of the resources appear to meet the criteria for listing in the CRHR. California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) 523 forms for all resources are included in Appendix C of this report. Archaeological site records with specific locational information, maps, and photographs that reveal physical location cannot be released to the public.

Archaeological Resources

During the archaeological inventory, six newly recorded archaeological resources were identified within the project area. All five resources lie outside of the proposed project's area of impact. These resources consist of three historic-period archaeological sites (M-IH, M-2H, and SF-IH) and three isolated artifacts (ISO-I, ISO-2H, ISO-3H). These resources are described in detail below.

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M-IH (Remnants of Historic-Period Farmstead)

Site M-IH is In,'""''! Site M-IH is a historic-period archaeological site with no standing structures. The property belongs to the Callaghan family and the farm burned down approximately 40 years ago. According to Mr. Alan Freese, proprietor of a neighboring farm, the Callaghan family came to the United States from Ireland via Australia in the 1850s and was established in California by the late 1800s.

Mr. Freese rescued the only intact item that survived the fire, a diploma awarded in the "Second Degree for his Gentlemanly Demeanor" to Mr. William A Callaghan from the Sacramento Institute in 1890 (A Freese, personal communication 2008). In the late 1800s the Sacramento Institute was a school for boys (The Catholic Herald, August 28, 2008). The Sacramento Institute exists today as the Christian Brothers High SchooL

The foundation of a water pump house is the only structure still standing. Downslope from the water pump there is an enclosure with wood fencing where a water tank and related equipment are located. A water trough lies to the east of the water tank The location of the original house is not obvious because none of the building foundations are visible above ground. According to Mr. Alan Freese, the pump house was built on a gravity-fed system, indicating the living buildings would likely be at the base of the slope. (A Freese, personal communication 2008). However, a power line runs parallel to the property, indicating the area has been previously disturbed by construction equipment; therefore, the foundations of the farmstead may have been destroyed.

The site consists of four features, designated A-D, and two extraneous features designated E and F. Features A-D are likely part of the farming complex and are enclosed in an area measuring approximately 1.4 hectares (35 acres). Features E and F are concentrations of debris that appear to have been part of a clean-up effort or the result of power line construction, and are situated outside the complex itself.

stand measures approximately 170 meters (557 feet) on a northwest to southeast axis, with a stand of trees at each end on a southwest to northeast axis, of approximately 80 meters (262 feet). On the east side of the line of trees are three olive trees and a few fruit trees, completing the almost­ rectangular formation.

It consists of three concrete beams 8 feet long and 2 feet high (2.4 meters long and 0.6 meters high) with a 4-by-4-inch (10-by- 10-centimeter) wooden beam on the top. The beams parallel each other and are spaced 4 feet (1.2 meters) apart A small pipe comes out of the ground between two of the beams. Fragments of wood and iron are partially buried within and around the structure.

Feature C is a fenced area containing a water tank and related equipment A pipe emerges from the ground approximately 30 meters (98 feet) east-northeast of Feature B. The fenced area has an irregular shape, with each of the four sides ranging from 35 to 12 feet (1 to 3.7 meters) in length and about 25 to 3 feet (0.8 to 0.9 meters) taiL The water tank bears a plaque with the brand name "Gould's Pump, INC." Gould's Pump Inc. was founded in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York and is still in operation (Gould's Pump Inc. 2008).

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Feature D is a trough lying appn)xim,ltelyi The trough is made of a wooden frame with a fiberglass basin. A pipe lies on the ground and a float device sits on the basin. The trough was not in use at the time of recordation, but it appears to have been used since the surrounding structures burned down. The float device is weathered but does not appear to be as old as the farmstead itself.

Feature E is a pile offallen trees and logs that appear to have been moved by equipment, possibly at line or as a clean-up effort after the farmstead burned down. It is contains several wooden logs and large tree trunks, including one pahn tree. The surrounding area also contains several pieces of household debris, discussed below.

Feature F is ,wualleu and consists of several large rolls of wire mesh fencing, barbed wire, wood, and pieces of old farm equipment. The feature's association with the farming complex is unclear. It is possible that Feature F is a part of a clean-up process occurring after the fire or during the installation of the power line.

as well as bricks and other structural debris, are scattered Concentrations of these items are found nea~ include modern refuse such as beer cans. Household items associated with the farming complex include fragments of historic amethyst glass, porcelain, milk-glass jars, tableware, and window pane glass.

One jar fragment is embossed with the company name "Armour & Co Packers Chicago." The company is a well-known meat packer started in 1867 by the Armour Brothers in Chicago, Illinois. It began as a meat-packing company, but by the 1880s they extended their operations and most of their profits were generated by the byproducts of animal butchering that were used to produce consumer items like, glue, broth, shampoos, soaps, oils, cleaners, and other household products. The company has changed ownership, and has changed names, several times since the 1920s. Therefore, it is likely that the fragment is part of a jar that held an edible meat product or some kind of household product made and distributed by the original company in Chicago prior to the 1920s (www.ChicagoHistory.org 2008).

M-2H (Refuse Scatter)

Site M-2H is In,-"t,prll Site M-2H is a surface-trash scatter composed of modern and historic-period refuse. The site is approximately 393 feet (120 meters) long northwest and from 15 to 25 feet to 7.6 mf'tpr,

The northern end of Site M-2H consists of modern refuse with one washer, one dryer, three dishwashers, two water heaters, a mattress, a box spring, two freezers, tarps, carpet, plastic motor oil bottles, modern glass condiment bottles, four metal drums, concrete pieces, a Christmas tree stand, metal scraps, and various pieces of wood and metal. The central portion of the site contains many glass bottles and aluminum cans that appear to be modern. The numerous glass bottles were manufactured to hold the following products: Lucky Lager beer, Coca-Cola, liquor, dressings, and mayonnaise.

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There are also four dozen bales of rusted wire fencing, two troughs, a bathtub, fence posts, a sofa bed, Starbucks coffee bottles, Budweiser beer cans, Coors beer cans, spray-paint cans, corrugated tin roofing, and paint cans. Even though the bottles and cans are concentrated in the middle of this portion of the site, these items are spread throughout the site along with tires, wire, fencing, wood, and farm debris.

The southern end of the deposit contains modern and historic-period refuse. The modern refuse is the same as described above. In addition, there is rotted upholstery (possibly 1970s), car seat framing, a stack of wood two-by-fours, a small tractor engine, corrugated tin roofing, one freezer, one refrigerator, and several file cabinets. The older refuse consists of a farm wheel and axle and two vehicles.

One vehicle is a vintage-style delivery truck/wagon, with a painted emblem on the side panel reading "Lawn Mower Sharpened by Machine" superimposed over another faded logo with only "Americ" visible. The letters are painted on the side panel of the wagon. The roof of the vehicle is missing, and the opening is surrounded by a rubber seal similar to those found in modern automobile sun roofs. The back of the vehicle has double doors. The vehicle make and model were not apparent upon closer inspection, but the style is similar to the Chevrolet 1954 delivery truck.

The second car is the body of a red two-door sports coupe. No vehicle identification number or make and model information was visible on the car. However, there were instructions on a metal plate under the hood for tune-ups for cars manufactured between 1955 and 1970. The style appears to be a late 1960s to early 1970s Chevrolet Camaro.

5F-1H

This is a windmill and associated trough. The windmill is an a-frame, metal structure with paddle wheel and rudder. The frame is 130 centimeters (51 inches) on each side atthe base (square) and is 6.8 meters (22.5 feet) high. There is faded and corroded lettering, likely representing the windmill company or slogan. The windmill appears to be from the 1930s to the 1940s. The windmill appears to have been used to pump water. The trough is made of a large, longitudinally cut metal pipe, creating a U-shaped cross section. It measures 16 feet (5 meters) long by 35.6 centimeters (14 inches) across by 30.5 centimeters (12 inches) deep. The ends of the trough are of square-cut metal welded to the pipe. Although the trough is associated with the windmill, it does not appear to be from the historic period.

P-48-518 (Remnants of Historic-Period Features)

Site P-48-518 is loc"ted The site was originally recorded in 2001 Oones & Stokes 2001) and described as a historic-period archaeological site consisting of the remnants of two ranching or farming related buildings. The site is composed of three features: a square concrete footing that likely served as the foundation of a pump house, a row of eucalyptus trees that acted as a windbreak, and a square-plan raised platform that likely supported a water tank. In 2002, the site was revisited and evaluated as not eligible for listing in the CRHR (Environmental Science Associates 2002).

150-1

ISO-l is an isolated, prehistoric net weight made of vesicular, light yellowish-brown, local sedimentary material. Its dimensions are 6.5 by 4.5 by 3.25 centimeters (2.5 by 1.8 by 1.3 inches),

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least one side of the artifact is scuffed and scraped, possibly by farm equipment. No other cultural material was observed in the vicinity of the artifact.

ISO-2H

ISO-2 consists of one fragment of an aqua glass bottle neck with a small portion of the lip present. The fragment is 4.5 centimeters the side. It was loc·atE,d

artifact is not associated with any other cultural material and may have been redeposited by farming equipment.

ISO-3H

ISO-3 consists of a fragment of a brown glass bottle base. The base displays a seam and an irregular circular depression near the edge of the base. According to Berge (1980), this fragment appears to be the product of an iron-hinged bottom mold method of manufacture, circa 1810-1880. The

Architectural Resources

Parcel 0090090070

"'.'.':"'11'::'", three barns, and five sheds (one shed is described as a cabin) are locate~ The rectangular-shaped residence features a cross-gable roof and is supported by a concrete slab foundation. The roofforms two moderate eaves at the east elevation (main fa~ade), and is covered with composition shingles. Exterior walls feature board-and-batten wood siding. Doors are wood single-entry style with modern screen security doors. Fenestration throughout the building is replacement casement vinyl units. Two replacement double hung 2/1 vinyl units and one fixed vinyl picture window are located at the main entry porch on the east elevation. Concrete stairs with wood railings lead to the main entrance at the east elevation. A gable-roof garage addition with a connecting breezeway is located at the west side of the residence.

The addition features a roof covered with composition material and walls clad with board-and­ batten wood siding. Fenestration includes vinyl casement units. The breezeway features a fixed multi-lite window. Additional features on the residence include a brick chimney and a stack pipe vent.

Barn 1 (big red barn): Barn 1 is located southwest of the residence. It is a tall wood-frame structure with a front-gable roof covered with composition material. Walls are clad with board-and­ batten wood siding. The barn features one large uncovered equipment door, one metal rolling door, and one single-entry wood door on the east elevation. A wood corral is located at the north side of the barn, and a metal corral is located on the south side of the barn.

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Barn 2: Barn 2 is located southwest of the residence. It is a wood-frame structure with a front-gable roof covered in corrugated metal. Walls are clad with board-and-batten wood siding at the east and west elevations and corrugated metal at the north and south elevations. The barn features a single­ entry Dutch door and a metal rolling equipment door on the east elevation. A metal rolling equipment door is located on the west elevation. A metal corral is located on the north side of the barn.

Barn 3 (equipment storage): Barn 3, used for equipment storage, is located east of the residence. It is a wood-frame structure with a front-gable roof that forms a flared eave at the north elevation. The roof is covered with corrugated metal. Walls are clad with board-and-batten siding. The barn features a large open doorway at the west elevation. A wood corral is located on the north side of the barn.

Tom's Cabin: A cabin is located southeast of the residence. It is a simple-plan wood-frame rectangular structure with a side-gable roof covered with corrugated metal. The roofforms open eaves with an overhang. Walls are clad with board-and-batten siding. The cabin features a single­ entry wood door on the east elevation, accessed by two wood steps. Fenestration consists of original double-hung wood units on all four elevations. (Currently this cabin is being used for storage.)

Shed 1: A small wood shed is located south of the residence. It is a simple-plan wood-frame structure supported by a raised-wood foundation. The gable roof is covered with corrugated metal, and walls are clad with vertical plank-board siding. Single-entry wood doors are located on the north and east elevations.

Shed 2: A shed used for wood storage is located south of the residence. It is a wood-framed structure supported by a concrete-slab foundation. The shed has a gable roof covered with composition material and walls are clad with board-and-batten siding. An addition located at the north side features two open bays with wood support. Addition walls are clad with vertical wood siding. A large wood rolling equipment door is located on the east elevation.

Corrugated Metal Shed: A large shed is located south of the residence. It is supported by a concrete-slab foundation and takes form under a low-pitched, front-gable roof. The roof and walls are clad with corrugated metal. The shed features one large rolling equipment door and one single­ entry wood door on the east elevation.

Shed 3: A shed is located south of the residence. It is a simple plan wood frame shed with a front­ gable roof covered with corrugated metal. Walls are clad with vertical wood siding. A large metal rolling equipment door is located on the east elevation. One fixed wood-frame window is located on the south elevation.

Landscaping on the parcel consists of a lawn surrounding the residence, trees, and sparse shrubbery throughout the property. Farm equipment is also located on the parcel.

Parcel 0090110160 A single family residence is loc:at"d modest Ranch- style, rectangular-plan residence features a low pitched side gabled roof which forms moderate open eaves and extends widely over a full width porch with wood supports on the east elevation (main fa~ade). The roof is covered with composition shingles. A metal clad roof addition faces the rear of the residence. The residence walls are clad with vertical flush board siding with a band of horizontal flush board siding along the lower wall. A single entry replacement wood door is located

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at the porch on the fa~ade. Fenestration consists of original 2/2 wood framed units throughout. Some windows are fronted by screens. A brick chimney is located on the northwest corner of the residence. Three small wood gabled sheds are located northwest of the residence. The sheds have roofs covered with composition shingles and walls clad with vertical flush board siding. Visible fenestration on the sheds includes sliding metal units. Landscaping on the property includes large trees, shrubbery, and a paved parking lot on the east side of the residence. A wood fence encloses the property on the east side.

Parcel 00!90lLlC1300i

A single family residence is loc'atE,d two-story, modest, Foursquare-style residence features a medium pitched pyramidal hipped roof which forms short boxed eaves with widely spaced dentil detail. The roof is covered with composition shingles. The residence walls are clad with narrow horizontal beveled wood siding. A shed roof extension with column wood supports shelters a full porch with balustrade and screen enclosures at the first story on the west elevation (main fa~ade). Lattice adorns the porch basement level. A single entry wood door with transom fronted by security door is located at the porch, accessed by concrete steps. Wood steps with wood rails access the porch on the north elevation. Fenestration consists of original 1/1 wood units throughout. Hipped roofed dormers with replacement aluminum framed window units are located on the main fa~ade and north elevation. A brick chimney is located at the roof. A gable roof addition is located on the east side of the residence. The addition features horizontal wood siding and a louvered vent at the gable on the north elevation. A portion of this addition is enclosed to form a screened patio.

A detached garage is located southeast of the residence. The garage features a medium-pitched gabled roof which forms open eaves with exposed rafters and knee supports at the gable on the east elevation (main fa~ade). The roof is covered with composition shingles. The garage walls are clad with horizontal flush board siding. Two single-vehicle original wood doors, one tilt up and one rolling, are located on the fa~ade.

Three outbuildings are located northwest of the residence and garage. The first, Shed 1, is a wood framed shed featuring a shed roof, open single entry and aluminum framed 1/1 window units.

A second small wood shed (Shed 2) is located north of Shed 1. This shed has exposed roof beams and an open single entry on the east elevation.

Another shed (Shed 3) is located northwest of Shed 2.lt is a wood framed shed with a gable roof, an uncovered single entry door and 1/1 wood framed window units.

Parcel 00901103

A tree row is large eucalyptus trees extend approximately 1,000 feet (304.8 meters) in a northwest/ southeast direction. The tree row consists of approximately 25 trees planted, in groupings of two to three trees deep. Several tree stumps are located along the row, where trees have been removed.

An aerial view of the property reveals that an outbuilding is located northwest of the tree line. Access to this property was limited and the outbuilding was not visible from the public right of away. Therefore, no description of the outbuilding is available.

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P-48-519 (Parcel 00900901

The Craftsman-style residence is supported by a concrete-slab foundation and features a pyramid hipped roof with a moderate pitch covered with composition shingles. A small front gable is located at the north elevation (main fa~ade). A shed-roof extension with patterned wood supports is located at the north elevation, sheltering a full, partially enclosed porch and single-entry wood door accessed by wood steps and railings. Exterior walls are clad with stucco siding with scalloped shingle siding at the gables. An addition is located on the east side of the residence.

The addition features a shed roof with exposed rafters covered with composition material. Addition walls are clad with horizontal wood siding. A stucco-clad addition is located on the south side of the residence.

Fenestration throughout the residence is original wood multi-lite, replacement metal double-hung sash and replacement vinyl sliding units. Landscaping includes a lawn, sparse bushes, and trees. The property is enclosed by a cyclone fence.

Sheds 1 and 2 are located southwest of the residence. Shed 3 is located southeast of the residence. It is a small, deteriorated, wood-frame structure with a gable roof clad with wood shingles.

P-48-523 (Parcel Oml01901l601

A residence, two barns and three sheds are located L-shaped residence is supported by a concrete slab foundation and features a cross-gable roof with a moderate pitch covered with composition shingles. Roof ends form open eaves with a slight overhang. A shed-roof extension shelters an addition on the south side of the building. Walls are clad with horizontal wood siding throughout. A single-entry wood door is located on the west elevation (main fa~ade), accessed by two wood steps. Fenestration consists of original 1/1 double-hung wood units and replacement 1/1 double-hung metal units. A decorative vent is located at the gable. Landscaping includes sparse trees, dry grass, and unpaved ground. A cyclone fence is located on the north side of the building.

Barn 1: Barn 1 is located northeast of the residence. It is a large, wood-frame structure with a front­ gable roof covered with corrugated metal. Walls are clad with vertical wood siding throughout. One large uncovered equipment door and two wood rolling doors are located on the west elevation.

Barn 2: Barn 2 is located northeast of the residence, just east of Barn 1. It is a large, wood-framed structure with a front-gable roof covered with corrugated metal. Walls are clad with vertical wood siding. Three large uncovered equipment doors are located on the west elevation. A cyclone fence is located at the north and west sides of the barn.

Shed 1: Shed 1 is located immediately east of the residence. It is a simple-plan, wood-frame building with a gable roof covered with wood shingles. Walls are clad with horizontal wood siding. A deteriorated shed-roof addition is located on the west side of the shed. A single-entry wood door is located on the north elevation, and one uncovered window is located on the east elevation.

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