International Republican Institute 2001 Annual Report Guiding Light for Democracy

IRI Advancing Democracy Worldwide Index

Message from the Chairman ...... 2 Latin America and the Caribbean ...... 15 Argentina Message from the President ...... 3 Cuba Ecuador Africa ...... 4 Guatemala Angola Haiti Mexico Kenya Nicaragua Nigeria Peru South Africa Venezuela Zimbabwe

Asia ...... 6 and Northern Africa ...... 18 Burma Morocco Cambodia Oman China West Bank and Gaza East Timor Indonesia Freedom Dinner ...... 20 Mongolia Solomon Islands Trainers ...... 21 Asia Regional Donors ...... 22 Central and Eastern Europe ...... 10 Albania Regional Offices ...... 23 Bulgaria Croatia Board of Directors ...... 24 Macedonia Romania Serbia Turkey CEE Regional Program

Eurasia ...... 13 Belarus Georgia Russia Ukraine Message from the Chairman

o American living today will ever forget 2001. In its enduring horror, the tragedy of NSeptember 11 serves to remind Americans that evil lurks in the world, and that freedom’s active defense is the obligation of our age. IRI’s service to freedom, to the values that unite us at a time when civilization’s course hinges on their triumph, has never been more important.

The terrorists who struck us wage war on the United States because we are and will remain the principal guarantors of freedom for ourselves and for all nations who claim their right to that condition. Our respect for man’s God-given rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness assures us of victory even as it has made us a target for the unjust enemies of freedom who have mistaken hate and depravity for power.

In this battle against terrorism, we are reminded not only of our enemies but our friends – the democrats around the world whose struggle for the values we share is sustained by IRI’s support. These brave men and women, living in countries where will and freedom do daily battle against oppression and fear, remind us of our obligation not only to defeat terrorism, but also to build the institutions and instill the rights that are terrorism’s scourge and the people’s best hope.

Freedom’s defenders today protect more than a narrow definition of national interest. They serve, in Lincoln’s words, as “a beacon light of liberty” to the most oppressed societies on earth. Now, more than ever, IRI and other organizations that advance the cause of freedom must shine their beaconing light.

U.S. Senator John McCain Chairman

2001 IRI Annual Report – Guiding Light for Democracy Message from the President IRI’s Activities in 2001

he International Republican Institute is a private, nonpartisan, nonprofit organization created as a Tresult of a 1982 speech by President Ronald Reagan in which he encouraged Americans to become active participants in the fight against totalitarianism.

Since 1983, IRI has been on the frontline in over 75 countries promoting and strengthening democratic ideals and institutions and fostering the principles of individual liberty, the rule of law, and the entrepreneurial spirit. IRI receives funding for its programs from the federal government, foundations, corporations and individuals.

The tragic events of September 11 enormously changed the position of the United States amidst the world’s political landscape. The threat of terror and the devastation witnessed around the world once again demonstrated the brutality and oppression of authoritarian leaders. During 2001, IRI’s talented and committed staff met this strategic challenge with over 160 instructors training 16,400 individuals worldwide. Topics included: communications and media training, party organization, polling and opinion research, grassroots advocacy, municipal administration, financial management, get-out-the-vote techniques, women and youth leadership, legislative management, legal reforms, election observations, poll worker and watcher training, and crisis management. With 135 missions during 2001, an IRI team deployed somewhere in the world every 2.7 days.

This report details IRI’s activities in 2001. In particular, I want to draw your attention to IRI’s work on the elections in Nicaragua and East Timor; communications work in the Balkans; coalition management in Belarus and Central and Eastern Europe; legal reforms in China, Kenya and Ukraine; and, increasing cooperation between civil society, political leaders and parties in Peru, Russia, and Indonesia.

With your financial contributions, IRI will continue our mission to promote democracy, which includes the struggle against intolerance, corruption and terrorism. Thank you for your support.

George A. Folsom President

3 Program Summaries for 2001 Annual Report Africa Summary In 2001, IRI conducted programs in Angola, Djibouti, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Zimbabwe. During the year, IRI’s Africa programs focused on strengthening democratic institutions, building political parties, supporting Women in Politics programs, promoting a free media and respecting the constitution and rule of law. In 2002, IRI will continue to move forward with its existing programs and will also work to expand other projects throughout the continent.

ANGOLA IRI also worked with Djibouti’s Ministry for the Promotion of Women to organize a conference planned for 2002 that IRI led a joint assessment mission with the International would encourage women to participate in the political Foundation for Election Systems (IFES) and the National process and to discuss local civil society and political issues. Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI) to gauge the possibility of developing democracy building Djibouti’s Ministry of the Interior and Decentralization programs in Angola. The team met with numerous groups, requested IRI’s assistance in the government’s including the government, the Electoral Commission, decentralization process. After ratification of Djibouti’s opposition parties, civil society organizations, the donor decentralization law, expected in 2002, IRI will collaborate community, state and independent media, and church with the government in training municipal government groups. officials in governance, administration and communications. IRI compiled a comprehensive draft report incorporating the group’s analyses that includes suggestions for potential In 2002, through a street theater project, IRI’s Djibouti projects and ideas on how to maintain momentum for program will focus on educating the public on its democratic reform. The report also provides constitutional and legal rights and responsibilities. The recommendations on how the government and other Ministry of Interior will use the street theater to educate the institutions can assist in the electoral process. IRI will public on the government’s current decentralization efforts. conduct a forum in early 2002 to present the final analysis. KENYA DJIBOUTI IRI’s programs centered on polling, constitutional reform In 2001, IRI provided assistance to increase respect for and voter registration in preparation for 2002 elections. in Djibouti. IRI worked with other All parties represented in the National Assembly were organizations on the country’s human rights. With participants in the workshops, which focused on analyzing them, IRI called for the release of political prisoners and and utilizing public opinion data for strategic planning and commented on questionable legal procedures against shaping public policy. IRI also provided assistance in the opposition politicians and journalists. conducting of a national poll. This was followed by a series of workshops on the polling process for Kenyan pollsters,

2001 IRI Annual Report – Guiding Light for Democracy IRI helped the executive and legislative arms of the new Nigerian government reach agreement over their respective roles and assisted the Nigerian National Assembly in developing an information technology infrastructure. This will allow the Assembly to better manage internal information and provide a vital link to successful democracies worldwide.

SOUTH AFRICA IRI’s program in 2001 centered at the local and community members of civil society groups, policy makers and media levels on the delivery of basic services, such as trash pickup practitioners. and access to water and electricity. IRI provided assistance to local governments, especially municipalities in the IRI helped develop a constitutional reform project to troubled Kwa-Zulu Natal province. IRI trained local produce and distribute pamphlets on the history of the officials in strategic planning skills, financial management, Kenyan constitution. The government had been budgeting, local economic development and the building of considering reform of its constitution, which, since public-private partnerships. The workshops helped officials independence, has been modified to restrict political balance their budgets and attract investment, while pluralism and increase the powers of the presidency. The improving city services. project is expected to increase public awareness of constitutional reform in advance of actual reform measures. IRI also lent support to protect basic civil rights, as well as In preparation for upcoming Kenyan elections, IRI do training in municipal service delivery and in local identified key obstacles and suggested steps to alleviate economic development. IRI began to assess and formulate problems. IRI is also conducting activities to promote voter strategies using this local government program to assist registration and education. communities in dealing with one of South Africa’s most formidable challenges: the HIV/AIDS epidemic. NIGERIA Religious clashes, tensions following the September 11 attacks on the U.S., and frustration with the slow pace of democratic reform in the country presented new challenges for Nigeria’s nascent democracy. In the face of increased violence, IRI recognized that building strong political parties and democratic institutions is essential to preserving Nigeria’s democratic transition. The majority of IRI’s work consisted of programs to strengthen Nigeria’s political parties and to improve executive and legislative relations.

As most parties currently lack a clear platform and viable organizational structures, IRI’s training for state-level party representatives included workshops on the role of political parties in a new democracy. IRI also conducted grassroots ZIMBABWE political development workshops, using its manual, Building from the Ground Up. Against the backdrop of Political and economic stability in southern Africa was Nigeria’s long history of public corruption and electoral severely threatened by the Zimbabwean government’s land fraud, IRI also worked with parties to establish codes of redistribution policies and flagrant disregard for the rule of conduct to bolster ethics and accountability. law. Regional leaders chose to be silent on the Zimbabwe crisis. The apparent regional condoning of these activities Additionally, IRI followed up on earlier efforts to strengthen raises questions about the region’s commitment to the involvement of Nigerian women in politics and to democratic principles. enhance their ability to take leadership positions in parties.

5 Zimbabwe’s de facto one-party state faced particularly strong these challenges by repressing independent media, challenges from democratic reform forces. As the country weakening the judiciary system, and violently attacking and moved closer to presidential elections in 2002, the intimidating people of opposing views. The ensuing opposition party, the Movement for Democratic Change political crisis has led to skyrocketing inflation, massive (MDC), was gaining support. The ruling Zanu-PF party, unemployment and shortages of basic commodities, such as led since 1980 by President Robert Mugabe, responded to bread, sugar and cornmeal.

Asia Summary After three years of economic instability, Asia began emerging from the 1998 economic crash that preempted many countries’ attempts to push forward on reform agendas. Political instability, however, still plagues much of the region. Efforts to build democratic systems remain stymied by corruption, weak institutions, poor accountability and lack of protection for basic human rights. IRI intensified its efforts to train political parties, government parliamentarians, and nongovernmental organizations on their roles in a democratic society and to empower reform efforts in authoritarian countries through diverse and innovative programs. The Institute will strengthen these efforts in 2002, while taking advantage of emerging opportunities to promote democracy in the Asia-Pacific region.

BURMA Through formal workshops and regular informal consultations, IRI trained Burmese political activists on the IRI continued to increase internal political pressure on the Thai-Burma border in leadership, communications and Burmese military junta’s State Peace and Development organizational skills, particularly focusing on Women in Council (SPDC). Since 1992, IRI has provided financial Politics (WIP). At the first WIP workshop, sponsored with and technical assistance to support democratic activists the Democratic Party for a New Society (DPNS), Turkish inside Burma and has maintained vital underground and American trainers shared their political experiences and communications networks. The Institute’s programs also held a series of interactive exercises to help politically active allowed persecuted freedom fighters to continue their work women with their concerns. This unprecedented workshop despite SPDC repression. helped redefine DPNS’ perspective on the roles that women can play in Burmese politics.

2001 IRI Annual Report – Guiding Light for Democracy In Shanxi Province, IRI brought together provincial election officials from five northern and central provinces to take part in a second regional networking conference after the success of a May 2000 meeting in Beihai, Guangxi Province. Officials presented detailed reports on the status of elections in their respective provinces, highlighting concerns such as the recall of corrupt or incompetent officials and the balance of power between village committees and communist party branches. They also shared best practices for resolving these problems.

In November, an IRI delegation conducted IRI’s first village CAMBODIA election observation mission in Hainan Province. At the request of China’s National People’s Congress (NPC), IRI In February 2001, Cambodia’s National Assembly passed facilitated two legislative reform conferences—-Government implementing legislation establishing long-awaited Procurement Law and Fiscal Transfer Payments. IRI commune elections and set election day for early 2002. IRI sponsored a study mission to South Africa for Chinese responded quickly with aggressive campaign and election legal-aid practitioners to examine that country’s legal-aid training programs. Success came with the completion of an system. The trip allowed Chinese participants to learn 18-month grassroots training program on political about legal-aid mechanisms used in a number of South organization for more than 4,000 women that began in African administrative areas and meet with experts, 2000. Many of the trainees have become candidates for the including paralegals, defense lawyers and members of the country’s parliamentary opposition Sam Rainsy Party (SRP). Constitutional Court. IRI also conducted political party programs for SRP in a dozen provinces to help party organizers prepare local organizations, recruit candidates and run issue-based EAST TIMOR local campaigns. As the only organization focused on the training needs of In the fall, IRI worked with more than 1,700 candidates Timorese political parties, IRI made a vital contribution to from five opposition parties on campaign management and East Timor’s August 2001 Constituent Assembly (CA) communications; in mid-December, IRI launched the most elections. Early in the year, IRI trained and provided ambitious training program for political party election technical assistance to Timorese political parties, focusing on monitors ever conducted by an international organization. organization and structure, grassroots participation, By election day, February 3, 2002, IRI had trained more development of party platforms, issue-based campaigns, and than 6,000 monitors in nearly 80 seminars and provided general campaign and communication skills. monitoring handbooks for 40,000 others. IRI’s support of the IRI’s civic education program for students also broke new 16 parties competing ground with the creation of an Advanced Democracy in the elections Seminar. The 10-session program gave prospective culminated in an student leaders the most complete background available in intensive party polling Cambodia on democracy and youth activism. program. In every district of East Timor, IRI conducted CHINA workshops for party activists and distributed IRI continued to support electoral, legislative and legal more than 8,000 party reform in China and held its first conference on election manuals. IRI’s campaigning in Hong Kong, attended by more than 30 programs won praise election officials from throughout the mainland. Prominent for their effective use of academics and five international trainers discussed campaign native languages and techniques in developed and developing countries, elements easy-to-understand of successful elections, and rules and regulations governing materials. campaigns.

7 In addition, IRI provided technical and material support to IRI, parliamentarians the Women’s Caucus of East Timor. Formed in July to and representatives encourage women’s participation in all aspects of the from the office of the political process, the caucus’ activities included women Parliament General candidates’ training, discussions with party leaders about the Secretary worked importance of women’s participation and voter education together to identify programs for women. The caucus succeeded in encouraging necessary reforms. newly elected Constituent Assembly members to hold These reforms include public forums in their districts. On several occasions, the strengthening of caucus was cited by local and international media as being executive branch one of the most effective new organizations that had oversight, heightening emerged during 2001 in East Timor. citizen participation in the drafting of legislation and INDONESIA encouraging better constituent services. Despite political upheaval in Indonesia, IRI maintained Though many IRI active party-building and governance programs. Party- activities in the future building activities focused on women and youth, two will involve similar marginalized but potentially powerful groups in Indonesian issues, these ideas began in 2001 with training missions that society. IRI held Women in Politics (WIP) seminars in its addressed ethics and general parliamentary development. seven target provinces and convened three multi-party youth conferences in Padang, Yogyakarta and Banjarmasin. In November, the Mongolian prime minister visited IRI’s American and East European volunteer trainers brought Washington office to discuss the future of democratic new ideas and expertise to these ground-breaking sessions. reforms in Mongolia and thanked IRI for its long history of IRI also did opinion polling focused on public perceptions working to strengthen democracy in Mongolia. of political parties. The results gave local party leaders a better understanding of voters’ concerns. SOLOMON ISLANDS In September, IRI began governance training for Acehnese legislators in response to the passage of a new autonomy law Long-standing ethnic tensions sparked the June 2000 coup for the troubled province. IRI was the only international in the Solomon Islands, resulting in the removal of the organization providing technical assistance to local officials elected reform government. At the urging of U.S. officials on the implementation of the law. IRI sponsored in the region, IRI fielded a five-person election mission to workshops for Acehnese legislators on legislative drafting, observe the December parliamentary election. education legislation and election procedures. Observers were deployed across the Guadalcanal and IRI also worked with South Kalimantan’s provincial Malaita islands, areas most affected by the ethnic conflict, legislature to publish its first-ever legislative directory. which had claimed more than 100 lives and dispossessed The directory was distributed to schools, businesses and more than 20,000 people. Because of the resulting damage, government offices throughout the province. In 2002, IRI collapse of government services and destroyed infrastructure, will publish similar directories in key provinces, including IRI’s monitors had to deploy to the regions by helicopter, Bali and Aceh. four-wheel drive vehicles, canoe and naval vessels.

While election returns were mixed, the peaceful election of MONGOLIA 32 first-time officeholders to the 50-member parliament was viewed as a mandate for change and reform. IRI observers In an effort to strengthen Mongolia’s political parties, IRI noted few verifiable cases of fraud or other serious electoral sent American political experts to nearly all of the country’s violations either on election day or during the count. provinces in 2001. These volunteer trainers conducted Despite the fair and generally transparent electoral process, seminars on local political party organization and national however, problems were identified in the election’s party strengthening. administration. IRI issued a final report containing

2001 IRI Annual Report – Guiding Light for Democracy recommendations for future conduct of elections to be considered by the Solomon Islands’ National Parliament. McCain calls for Burmese democracy ASIA REGIONAL leader’s release IRI supported several activities of the Alliance for Reform and Democracy in Asia (ARDA), an organization of leading democratic activists from 13 Asian countries and territories, IRI Chairman Senator founded in 2000. John McCain called for the release of Burmese In February, IRI, ARDA and the Zorig Foundation of Nobel Laureate Aung Mongolia organized a conference in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia San Suu Kyi on the on best governance practices. The conference showcased the tenth anniversary of her achievements of one of Asia’s most successful transitions to receipt of the Nobel democracy. More than 70 participants from 11 countries Peace Prize. shared governance ideas and signed the Ulaanbaatar Declaration on Good Governance. McCain, in a statement read by IRI board In June, IRI sponsored the first ARDA “rapid response” member Alison Fortier mission. Parliamentary members traveled to Kuala Lumpur during the Washington to investigate the jailing of ten reform activists by the D.C. segment of the Malaysian government. The mission attracted significant Nobel Laureate anniversary event on December 8, called the attention in the Malaysian and international press and 1991 Nobel Peace Prize “not just an honor bestowed on demonstrated one of ARDA’s key goals of providing moral Aung San Suu Kyi, but also a recognition of the sacrifices and political support for Asian democrats. made by so many Burmese in the name of freedom.”

IRI’s backing of these and other ARDA activities has been Aung San Suu Kyi is the leader of Burma’s National League critical to the development of the alliance. ARDA has been for Democracy, the party that won more than 80 percent of pushing to expunge notions of “noninterference” and “Asian the parliamentary seats in 1990 elections. The ruling military values” that often have been used by Southeast Asian junta refused to uphold the results, and thousands of countries as a cover for regional autocrats to avoid students and party activists were arbitrarily imprisoned. democracy and human rights. Aung San Suu Kyi was first placed under house arrest in 1989 and has remained under some form of detention for most of the past decade.

The Nobel Peace Laureate event at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce on December 8 was linked via satellite to the 100th anniversary celebration of Nobel Laureates in Oslo. Participants in Washington, D.C. and Oslo called for the release of the Burmese leader along with 1,500 other pro-democracy political prisoners in Burma.

In the Washington event, Senator McCain’s message was echoed by leaders from the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, the Center for International Private Enterprise and the American Center of International Labor Solidarity.

IRI has been providing support and training to Burma’s pro-democracy movement since 1992.

9 Central & Eastern Europe Summary Both the strengths and the lingering fragilities of Europe’s new democracies were on display in 2001. Countries across Central and Eastern Europe continued to make progress in their efforts to integrate more fully into European and American economic and security structures, and political power changed hands peacefully through the electoral process. Still, inter-ethnic violence in the Balkans remained a threat, and the absence of a stable and politically coherent center-right continued to be an impediment to democratic consolidation. Center-right coalition governments were defeated in Poland and Bulgaria, and their support continued to erode in Croatia and Slovakia. Although great progress has been made, democracy’s forward momentum cannot be taken for granted. IRI’s programs of assistance to political parties, national governments, local administrators and civic organizations remain crucial and much in demand.

ALBANIA The parties used a series of IRI polls to design communications strategies, particularly in crafting campaign IRI provided technical assistance to Albania’s parliament to messages to address voter concerns. IRI also trained help increase its transparency, public accountability, and candidates and campaign managers in grassroots organization. capacity to develop legislation. The Institute trained parliamentary staff in newly created district offices both in IRI launched a voter education Web site, person and through an instructional IRI-produced video to www.daglasuvame.org (“let’s vote”), targeted at youth. carry out the full range of district office functions, reach out The Web site presented the candidates’ and parties’ issues, to citizens and provide effective constituent services,. explained procedures for voting, and included chat rooms to stimulate discussion about the election campaign. IRI also continued to back the publication of the Review of Parliamentary Law and Politics. The bi-monthly journal Following the parliamentary elections, IRI conducted a series fills an information gap about parliament by providing of polls and focus groups to assist in the development of summaries of recently passed laws as well as giving balanced, issue-oriented campaigns for the November presidential in-depth coverage of political debates. elections and worked with the main political parties to strengthen their structures. IRI trained local party leaders in IRI conducted a nationwide assessment to evaluate party organization, internal communications and youth prospects for future work with Albanian youth organization. organizations. As economic and political reform and development have stagnated, young Albanians have become For the Union of Democratic Forces (UDF), IRI conducted a increasingly disengaged from politics. IRI plans to help study asking UDF district and municipal leaders why they organize and motivate Albanian youth to get more involved thought the party lost the parliamentary elections and what it and become effective catalysts for change. must do to rebuild. Although the study was highly critical of the party, UDF’s leaders accepted its accuracy and used the findings to develop proposals for strengthening party BULGARIA structures, membership, communications and political profile. IRI assisted Bulgaria’s main political parties in developing their campaigns for the June 2001 parliamentary elections.

2001 IRI Annual Report – Guiding Light for Democracy year, IRI carried out nationwide opinion research to help the leadership of the major ethnic communities identify potential areas of political compromise. IRI staff, exempted at the U.S. Ambassador’s request from a general evacuation order for most of the summer, provided Macedonia’s leaders with critical support through an intense period of the crisis. Simultaneously, the international community’s intervention resulted in a complex and politically fragile peace accord.

In the critical days following the agreement, IRI assisted the president’s communications team in its development of an effective strategy to explain the peace accord to the public. CROATIA Although tensions remained high, the crisis eased toward year’s end, and IRI resumed more normal program As Croatia entered its second year under a reform operations from its Skopje office. While government government, IRI continued to advise and train senior-level communications training remained a high priority, IRI also staff and officials in the development and implementation initiated other programs. These included development of a of effective communication strategies. national youth network to identify common political goals to bridge the inter-ethnic divide among the nation’s youth An IRI national opinion poll conducted in February showed and the creation of a speaker’s series to bring together that while the government still enjoyed popular support, the political and civic youth organizations from across ethnic, Croatian people were growing impatient to see progress in political and regional lines to discuss issues of common economic and social reforms. Using strategic opinion concern. research, IRI worked closely with government spokespersons from the prime minister’s and the president’s offices to In preparation for 2002 parliamentary elections, IRI promote effective communication between the government began training Macedonia’s main political parties. The and the Croatian public. As the six-party ruling coalition training focused on promoting an issue-oriented campaign faced numerous problems, and eventually lost one of its and an electoral process that would contribute to national partners, it became evident that better inter-coalition reconciliation. communication was essential to the future of Croatia’s reform program. IRI worked to establish clear lines of communication between the coalition partners through ROMANIA training and one-on-one consultations with leaders in the respective parties’ headquarters. IRI continued providing political communications training for Romanian government spokespersons and completed Following May local elections, IRI expanded its work to the final two exchange missions to the United States for include newly elected local governments and initiated representatives of Romanian local and national government communications training for newly elected county agencies and political parties. Government officials and assemblies to foster better coordination of reform efforts political leaders were exposed to U.S. democratic processes, between the central government and local governing bodies. which helped broaden their perspectives. Nearly 30 Romanian officials participated in the IRI-conducted IRI also developed seminars for young political reporters exchanges that focused on communications and relations and helped establish a Young Journalists’ Club, designed to between national and local government bodies. Emphasis instill higher professional standards in the next generation was also placed on procedural and compliance issues related of media professionals. The club has become a center for to the Freedom of Information Act, a version of which professional discussions and is planning to expand into Romania enacted into law in 2001. Exchange participants a regional network of young journalists throughout met with a range of American national and local Eastern Europe. government officials, political party leaders, and technical experts in areas such as communications, media, and legislative and budget processes. MACEDONIA IRI also trained members of the president’s communication IRI’s Macedonia program was carried out in the context of office and other ministry spokespersons and consulted on an escalating ethnic-Albanian insurgency that threatened to the drafting of implementation regulations for the new destabilize the country. As the conflict unfolded early in the Romanian Freedom of Information Law.

11 A youth house for transient young people opened in Adana through the cooperation of GencNet members, the local university and city administrators. In May, IRI hosted its second annual Participate and Create Your Future national youth conference in Istanbul. More than 500 young people from all regions of the country gathered to network, learn success stories from well-known Turkish youth leaders, and provide input to IRI’s on-going GencNet programs.

GencNet and IRI also unveiled the IRI-sponsored Web site, www.gencnet.org. The site provides a forum for Turkish youth to exchange ideas related to politics, education and community involvement. The site also contains news of interest to young people and schedules of events. In its first year, the site has developed into a dynamic forum for youth networking and a catalyst for community involvement. IRI also published Participate and Create Your Future, providing a comprehensive study of Turkey’s large youth population and an analysis of major factors conditioning their attitudes SERBIA toward participation in the country’s civic life. Following the historic 2000 presidential and parliamentary IRI continued to assist Turkish partner organizations in their elections, the Institute initiated a new phase of efforts to raise public awareness of the social costs of programming in Serbia in 2001. IRI focused on assisting corruption in Turkey. IRI supported social research and the new government in developing and implementing its publications on corruption that were released at a press reform agenda and on helping newly elected municipal conference with the interior minister. governments set realistic agendas and solidify their local bases of political support through effective outreach and public accountability. CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE Drawing on public opinion research, IRI worked closely with REGIONAL PROGRAM the economic reform ministries and the Serbian Prime Minister’s office to aid in the development of communication IRI’s Regional Program for Central and Eastern Europe is programs that would provide answers to the questions of now in its third year. Based in Bratislava, Slovakia, the highest priority for the Serbian public and gain public program sponsors a variety of conferences, seminars, support for difficult, but necessary, economic reforms. workshops and other activities, bringing together politicians, government and party officials and other experts from the IRI trained local political leaders, city managers and senior- Baltics to the southern Balkans. One such regional level civil servants in five municipalities on how to involve conference focused attention on the generally troubled state citizens in decision making and increase the efficiency and of post-communist Europe’s center-right political parties. effectiveness of service delivery. IRI also continued to work Another conference examined the reasons for many post- with the student political movement, OTPOR, as it began communist governments’ failures at building and transitioning from a protest movement into a civic maintaining public support for reform programs and their organization focused on protecting Serbia’s democratic gains. inability to successfully implement them. IRI also organized the third annual Congress of the Central TURKEY and East European Center Right. Party leaders from a dozen countries attended the 2001 Congress in Tallinn, IRI made significant headway in its youth participation Estonia, hosted by the Estonian prime minister and Pro- programs. Under the banner of “GencNet,” or “youth net,” Patria party chairman. At the conference, a new Web site, IRI hosted workshops on community involvement in nearly www.Freeblue.org, was launched to promote 20 cities for more than 600 Turkish youth. The results of communication among the region’s center-right political IRI’s work included new student councils, environmental leadership and provide a resource for public policy recycling projects, and university-to-city outreach programs. development in the new and emerging democracies.

2001 IRI Annual Report – Guiding Light for Democracy Eurasia Summary National elections were the focus of much of IRI’s Eurasia programming. Although the democratic progress seemed to stall in some cases, strides were made. While the authoritarian regime of the president of Belarus continued, pro-reform political parties courageously participated in the elections. Democratic reform in Georgia was stalled with the postponement of fall local elections, but Georgians showed their commitment to democracy through public protests that prevented the closing of the country’s largest independent broadcasting company. Political parties in Ukraine began initial preparations for the 2002 parliamentary and local elections that will impact the future pace of reform in the country. In Russia, major political parties underwent mergers and shifts in leadership, many reflective of the new post–September 11 Russian-American relationship. IRI will reopen its Azerbaijan office in 2002 and look to expand its programs into Central Asia.

BELARUS Political youth in Belarus are a key force within the opposition. In 2001, IRI instructed political party youth IRI opened an office in Vilnius, Lithuania to better facilitate auxiliaries on building and implementing effective campaign programs for Belarusian political activists as they prepared strategies. IRI also provided guidance on using youth for the September 9 presidential election. Most of the organizations to attract new voters and communicate key programs in polling, research, candidate preparation and campaign messages as well as assisting in building networks youth outreach were conducted outside of Belarus to between young Belarusian activists and their counterparts in provide the Belarusian opposition an opportunity to meet neighboring democracies. away from the confines of the country’s authoritarian regime. Although President Alexander Lukashenka retained his hold on power, the year ended on a high note for opposition To assist the opposition political parties in their pre-election political parties that displayed tremendous courage and and campaign work, IRI conducted two national public commitment in working openly in support of a single opinion polls and the first-ever nationwide tracking poll with the goal of demonstrating to opposition political parties the importance of using sound research and statistics in making important campaign decisions. IRI reviewed key findings, including which voters to target, which candidates had the strongest poll numbers, and what were key campaign themes and issues. The tracking poll ran through the election and provided the most accurate information on the election results. IRI used information from a post- election poll to provide the Belarusian opposition with comprehensive analysis on the outcome of the election.

Candidates were trained in communication and election campaign strategy, coalition building and grassroots campaign structure. IRI used trainers from other Central and Eastern European countries to provide practical advice on door-to-door campaigning and get-out-the-vote activities.

13 regional affiliates. Through its parliamentary training, IRI worked with deputies in the State Duma to identify key legislation that impacted the democratic progress. In December, IRI sponsored a roundtable with representatives from every major faction in the lower house of the Federal Assembly on proposed amendments to the law on Electoral Guarantees. An IRI-published management guide for legislative staff was also distributed to each deputy in the Duma.

IRI’s NGO development program resulted in the substantial candidate. The parties’ ability to work in a coalition and growth of a number of organizations that encourage the apply sophisticated campaign techniques are key to their electorate to become more involved in politics. The struggle to build a democracy in Belarus. Moscow School for Political Studies, through IRI sponsorship, conducted conferences on new political trends that involved several experts. IRI also helped Russia’s GEORGIA League of Women Voters grow to include 18 affiliates, each of which requires all candidates to address issues of IRI’s program was geared to preparing political parties and importance to women and encourages women to run youth groups to elect representatives to Georgia’s for office. “sakrebulos” or municipal councils. However, due to constraints on the government and required changes to the In addition, IRI sponsored seminars that led to the election law, the elections were postponed until mid-2002. establishment of an official association of Russian women’s Consequently, IRI worked with political parties to fine-tune organizations, founded on March 8, 2002, International election preparations and educate additional youth groups Women’s Day. IRI published and distributed training about the political process. materials from other specialized programs including those on Women’s Political Training, Local-Self Government Through its work with youth from major political parties as and Federalism. well as with New Generation for Georgia (NGG), IRI was successful in involving more youth organizations in the political process. NGG’s young organizers educated their UKRAINE peers about democracy with high school mock elections held in the Kakheti, Imereti and Samegrelo regions. From party building to youth outreach and Women In Politics (WIP) programs, IRI’s Ukraine program reached Through several programs, IRI worked closely with the thousands of democratic political party activists. In regions eight major political parties to increase activists’ skills. The new to political party programs, IRI conducted a series of initial project, campaign academies, aimed at strengthening three seminars. The first covered the fundamentals of the parties’ campaign managers and election specialists to be political party organizations, including the roles and better prepared for future elections. The second program functions of political parties and laws governing political was media training with participants being taught new skills activity. The second focused on lobbying techniques and for working with broadcast and print media and effectively women’s roles in political parties. The final trainings using both paid and earned media. IRI also initiated a covered the role of youth in the political process. IRI also research project on how to gather information on all the conducted a nationwide series of youth programs that “raions” or counties and how to use it to better formulate focused on youth as candidates and campaign activists. messages to target voters. IRI helped Ukrainian nongovernmental organizations grow and develop. IRI counseled on program development RUSSIA to two youth-oriented organizations and conducted training on such topics as accounting, management practices, Working with a range of reform-oriented political parties, proposal writing and leadership. In preparation for the IRI continued to focus on party building, such as 2002 parliamentary elections, IRI worked with developing internal party training divisions, increasing representatives from a wide range of political parties on democratic practices in candidate selection, and organizing polling, research, campaign strategy and media relations.

2001 IRI Annual Report – Guiding Light for Democracy

Tribunal and published in Prensa Libre, Guatemala’s leading daily newspaper. Additionally, the meetings brought together leaders from the five opposition parties to form a consolidated front against the country’s two largest parties. As these meetings continue, and other opposition parties begin to participate, the leaders will discuss how this opposition front will approach the 2003 elections.

HAITI Haiti’s current political environment continues to be characterized by violence, violations of human rights, To enhance youth involvement in political parties, IRI fraudulent elections and a political system that many conducted its first party training session in September, aimed perceive is governed by fear and intimidation. Despite these at empowering youth organizations within parties and by difficult conditions, IRI continues to work with Haiti’s providing them with the needed tools to better impact their democratic political parties and various sectors of civil parties’ platforms, internal structures and communications. society to promote democratic dialogue and level the playing field. In 2002, in anticipation of the October legislative and presidential elections, IRI will work with the goal of The core of IRI’s efforts has been to reinforce the linkages bringing genuine political reform to Ecuador through a between a fragile political party community and civil society series of programs to increase youth participation in the institutions under constant pressure. This has led to the major political parties. Trainings will be held in Quito and encouragement of coalition-building strategies and support Guayaquil to address regional factionalization that plagues of Haiti’s democratic political parties working together to Ecuadorian politics and to further fortify Ecuador’s fragile promote dialogue and a more open political space. This political institutions. includes efforts to develop a consensus on rules of political competition, support of a truly independent and effective electoral council, and enhanced platform development and GUATEMALA candidate selection. A second feature of IRI’s work has also been to connect these efforts to the growing role of Haiti’s Despite the signing of 1996 peace accords, which brought Diaspora living in North America. The latter constitutes a an end to Guatemala’s bloody civil war, polls have indicated valuable resource to address Haiti’s multiple problems. that most Guatemalans remain disillusioned with politics and political parties. Consequently, through training in polling, communications and platform development, IRI MEXICO focused on strengthening the country’s political parties with a strong emphasis on youth. Since 1987, IRI has worked in Mexico to encourage citizens to exercise their rights and contribute to the consolidation of IRI also received requests for training from various groups a fully representative, multi-party democracy. That work and organizations, which were becoming legal political continued in 2001 through IRI’s support of the Asociación parties. In preparation for the 2003 elections, IRI is Nacional Cívica Femenina (ANCIFEM). conducting seminars and workshops on party organization, political platform development, internal and external In January, ANCIFEM worked closely with Mexico’s communications, conflict resolution, fundraising, ethics and Chamber of Deputies and Senate to create a National transparency. Institute of Women. The Institute is expected to have a role in the implementation of legislation and governmental In October, IRI conducted roundtables with political party programs benefiting women and families. In February, leaders on key national concerns, such as judicial reform and ANCIFEM’s groundbreaking program, Civic Brigades, governance. The meetings resulted in a document on began providing civic education to urban and semi-urban electoral law declaring that any changes should come communities. The brigades ran informational seminars, directly from the Comisión de Reforma Electoral (Electoral disseminated relevant publications and held town-hall Reform Commission) and not from any one political party. meetings with local leaders. The document was presented to the Supreme Electoral

2001 IRI Annual Report – Guiding Light for Democracy ANCIFEM’s Conscience of the Government program, PERU launched in 1999, involved volunteers in the observation and reporting of activities of elected officials in the lower In January 2001, IRI opened an office in Lima, launching house of Congress and in the legislative branches of various a long-term project promoting the growth of strong, well- state governments. The group monitored officials’ organized democratic political parties. Leading up to the performance against specific campaign promises and held national elections in April, IRI trained more than 3,445 face-to-face meetings with members of the Commissions on political party poll watchers and worked with civic groups Social Development in both the upper and lower chambers. to increase citizen participation in the electoral process. These efforts educated elected officials about constituent The result was greater electoral transparency and overall concerns and increased the ability of NGOs to influence the involvement by the voting public. legislative agenda. Following the elections, IRI conducted an assessment of Peru’s political parties to gain a better understanding of their NICARAGUA strengths, weaknesses and needs. Using that assessment, IRI’s Peru team developed a series of seminars addressing A January 2000 pact between then-President Arnoldo the roles of an effective political party in a democracy. Alemán and Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega significantly IRI also launched a nationwide series of seminars designed altered electoral rules for the November 4, 2001 elections, to strengthen party structure, leadership and platforms. setting the stage for the possible return to power of the Topics included political analysis and polling in developing Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). In party ideology, decentralization, internal and external coordination with local subgrantee, Hagamos Democracia communications, fundraising disclosures, ethics (HD), IRI did pre-election work and assessed the conditions and transparency. in the country in preparation for an election observation mission. Additionally, IRI organized 24 workshops Prior to the elections, IRI and HD worked to encourage to assist citizens in citizen participation in the country’s political discourse and articulating their promoted accountability for elected officials. By concerns to decision strengthening civic participation and improving the lines of makers. The success of communication between elected officials and their this project resulted in constituents, IRI was able to advance Nicaragua’s the creation of the democratic development and strengthen citizen Asamblea de Sociedad participation in the political process. Through work with Civil (ASC), a network local grassroots committees and a series of radio call-in of civic assemblies in the shows and town-hall meetings, IRI and HD forged a closer capital and provinces, relationship between the Nicaraguan people and their promoting civic political leadership and encouraged a more representative participation and better democracy. communication between voters and decision IRI also dispatched a 56-member delegation that spread out makers. It also serves as over 13 of Nicaragua’s 17 departments for the November 4 a mechanism to allow election monitoring mission. The IRI election observation citizens to monitor the team consisted of members of the IRI Board and the U.S. work of government Congress, regional experts, business leaders, and academics. officials. The team worked closely with HD and other election observation organizations to ensure that the electoral process was free and fair, and IRI supported HD’s efforts to deploy VENEZUELA 150 people in a domestic election observation effort. In the end, democracy prevailed, and the FSLN was defeated for the third consecutive time. IRI was commended by IRI’s role in Venezuela in 2001 was especially significant due Nicaragua’s president-elect as having played a vital role in to the country’s mounting political crisis. During the year, the country’s continued democratic development. IRI restructured its Venezuela program by adding a new country director, a local political party consultant and a Washington, D.C.-based senior program director.

17 In 2001, the once fractured and weak political opposition IRI worked closely with the leaders of political parties to began to gain strength and increase coordination in its help strengthen democracy and encourage closer efforts to mount an effective democratic challenge to the cooperation with civil society groups. IRI’s programs increasingly authoritarian regime of President Hugo Chavez. emphasized the importance of decentralizing party power The political environment also was significantly altered by structure, improving internal democracy of the parties and the effectiveness of civil society groups in articulating developing detailed, idea-based platforms. demands for democratization.

Middle East & Northern Africa Summary

In parts of the Middle East and Northern Africa, IRI saw new opportunities for the emergence of democratic governance. In Bahrain, citizens overwhelmingly endorsed a referendum pledging a restoration of parliamentary privileges and an independent judiciary, putting it in competition with neighboring Qatar for the establishment of a parliament based on universal suffrage. Despite the Sultanate of Oman’s statement of winning the competition, at least in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), democratic initiatives were continuing to move forward. In Morocco and Jordan, where IRI will embark on electoral support programs, reforms continued with parliamentary elections in sight. IRI is poised to support reconstruction initiatives in Afghanistan and political reforms in Pakistan in 2002.

MOROCCO A Vision for the Future of Morocco was the product of IRI – sponsored regional forums conducted throughout 2000 and IRI efforts to increase citizen participation in addressing 2001 in six urban centers and is a summary of the opinions important national challenges facing Morocco culminated and aspirations of hundreds of citizens participating in the with the release of a national vision statement, endorsed by meetings. The statement is intended as a roadmap for civil society representatives, and the publication of the first policymakers as they address critical issues facing the national public opinion poll on the state of parliamentary country and also serves as a guide in development of governance and party politics. electoral platforms.

2001 IRI Annual Report – Guiding Light for Democracy generated important feedback on issues including support for the stalled Israeli-Palestinian peace process, the performance of the Palestinian Authority, public perceptions of corruption and the need for reform. In October, IRI polling produced the first findings on Arab attitudes towards the U.S. and issues of democracy after the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington.

Efforts to bolster opportunities for future Palestinian decision makers also continued. A youth center, opened by IRI in 2000, continued to function during a time of heightened crisis and need. The center, which provides computer and In November, IRI sponsored a public-opinion poll marking language training as well as life skills to Palestinian youth, the first time opinions of ordinary Moroccans were also provided a rare sanctuary for an at-risk population measured on issues ranging from the performance of the during a time of increased violence and turmoil. government and voter participation to the status of political parties. In 2002, IRI will continue to provide opportunities for Palestinian youth and citizens to engage in productive As Morocco prepares for fall 2002 parliamentary elections, activities that benefit the Palestinian society and plant the IRI continues to provide opportunities for Moroccans to seeds for a more optimistic future. become involved in the political process through continued polling and increased regional forums that include a broader demographic and geographic cross section of the country.

OMAN IRI continued its parliamentary-strengthening activities in the Sultanate of Oman, providing staff in the bi-cameral Council of Oman with training in policy analysis and research. In May, IRI conducted the first training program in Muscat to be organized by an international organization for the Council. Bringing together staff from both the Majlis A’Dowlah and Majlis A’Shura, the two chambers of the Oman Council, IRI volunteers from the People’s Assembly of Egypt and the U.S. conducted training in analytical skills and research techniques that could be adapted to Oman.

Additionally, Council of Oman staff participated in a North America study tour that included visits to the U.S. Congress and the Canadian Parliament, and attendance at the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) annual conference in Boston. The Oman Council’s participation in the exchange helped increase its international profile and broaden staff appreciation for the experiences and expertise of other representative bodies.

WEST BANK AND GAZA At a time of increased tension in the region, IRI-sponsored survey research in the West Bank and Gaza provided average Palestinians with a rare mechanism through which to voice their opinions and concerns to their leadership. The surveys

19 nations and man.” Senator McCain added that Dick Cheney’s key role as U.S. Secretary of Defense during the Panama intervention and Persian Gulf wars, and now his work helping to lead the war on terror, further demonstrate his commitment to safeguarding U.S. national interest and promoting and protecting democracy worldwide.

The Freedom Award honoring Dr. Lynne Cheney recognized her lifelong support of education as a vital component of a free society. As Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities, under Presidents Reagan and Bush, she initiated programs to improve education at every level. Dr. Cheney continues her mission to improve education as a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute.

“Democracy and education both depend on openness and free expression, and independent thought,” Dr. Cheney said. “Neither is consistent with the regimentation of everyday life or the control of the human mind. That is why violent ideologies will always be set against them.”

Summarizing IRI’s guiding principles, Vice President Cheney remarked: “Americans have never believed that freedom and democracy belong to us alone. We have gained so much from our commitment to free institutions, the dignity of the individual, the spirit of enterprise, and we feel an obligation to help others try to make their way along the same path.”

Freedom Dinner 2001 Since its inception in 1995, the Freedom Award has recognized individuals who have served the cause of democracy, human rights and freedom with exceptional determination. Previous IRI’s 2001 Freedom Awards Dinner honorees include: Ronald Reagan, Colin Powell, Bob Dole, Honored the Cheneys Aung San Suu Kyi and Natan Sharansky.

n October 23, 2001 the International Republican Institute held its sixth annual O Freedom Dinner. The dinner honored U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney and the Honorable Lynne V. Cheney with the 2001 Freedom Awards for their contributions to promoting democracy worldwide.

IRI Chairman U.S. Senator John McCain presented the awards to the Cheneys during the dinner that was attended by 550 people in Washington, D.C. Senator McCain praised Vice President Cheney for three decades of public and private service, noting that Vice President Cheney, “in the White House and in Congress, was an advocate and architect of policies that protected peace with strength and fostered greater global understanding by defending the right to sovereignty of

2001 IRI Annual Report – Guiding Light for Democracy Trainers

Volunteer trainers and election observers are pivotal to the success of IRI programs. Without them, democracy training as well as administrative expertise would never be imparted to emerging democracies. IRI volunteers give their time and invaluable expertise. They come from every walk of American life — from the political world, the private sector and government. As a result of their selfless efforts, democracies throughout the world have been created and given a chance to flourish.

More than 97 percent of IRI overseas projects are conducted on a volunteer basis. IRI trainers best exemplify America’s volunteer spirit and the importance of giving without compensation for a greater good. In 2001, IRI volunteers contributed over 26,000 hours to IRI training missions. IRI is grateful to all of our volunteers, both here and overseas, for their generous contributions.

Bernt Aardal U. S. Rep. David Dreier Wolfgang Kirchhoff Peter Powers Priit Alamae Thomas Dryer Scott Klug Maria Pranova Alexander Aiken Tudor Dunca Michael Kostiw Pius Prasetyo Dale Apley Robert Duncan Andrea Krajniakova Rok Presern Cresencio Arcos Jorgen Elklit Ivan Krastev Joseph Recinos James Arnold Rob Engstrom Tony Kuo Jason Roe Rob Autry Richard Escalante Sanja Mardetko Kurecic Deborah Roeder Q. Whitfield Ayres Arturo Estopinan Andrew LaVanway Joshua Rosenblum U.S. Rep. Cass Ballenger Paul Fallon Ed Ledek Camila Ruiz Donna Ballenger Judge Blanche Hill Fawell Frederick Lees David Ryc Bruce Barcelo Martin Fedor Linda Lingle John Sanbrailo Richard Bearden Nathan Fletcher Nancy Lyon Oyun Sanjaasuren Miroslav Beblavy George Fondren Carolyn Machado Joshua Schwartz Richard Beeson Brian Fox Kirsten Madison Theary Seng Christine Benedict Patricio Gajardo Lena Mariana Eugenio Sevilla Sacasa Terrell Benham Vasil Garnizov Alexandar Maric Nigel Shipman Brian Berry Joseph Gaylord Marek Matraszek Katarzyna Skorzynska Beau Biller Molly Gaylord Doug McAlarney Reed Slack Srdjan Bogosavljevic Robert Golanski Caleb McCarry Brad Smith Rene Bolio Susan Golding Jon McHenry Petr Sokol Dorian Branea Kiki Gorton Patricia McNerney José Sorzano Ted Brennan Allan Green Larry Mellinger Vit Soupal Kenneth Bricker Lanny Griffith Christo Mihailovski Burton Southard Meredith Broadbent State Delegate Morgan Griffith Bob Milligan Peter Stach Gahl Hodges Burt Jaime Guzman-Fournier Nobuki Mochida Boris Stanimirov Mike Burton Rene Francisco Bolio Halloran Robert Muniz Scott Stewart Christine Quinn Burtt Lt. Governor Carole Hillard John Murphy Marta Szymanska Rogelio Carbahal Thomas Hockaday Michael Murphy Maureen Taft-Morales James Chan Slobodan Homen Ronald Hans Neumann Anne Taklaja Andrei Ioan Chiliman Janos Horvath Christopher Noe Rogelio Carbajal Tejada Mike Collins Darryl Howard Norris Nordvold Alin Teodorescu Michael Connell Robert Iommazzo Richard Normington John Thompson Jackson Cox Constantin Dudu Ionescu Vitalijus Novikovas Craig Turk Adela Cristea Arnold Isaacs Ryan Orner Robert Vernon Claudiu Cristea Barry Jackson Eileen Padberg Richard Voss Frank de Lima Balazs Jarabik Nancy Palumbo Lt. Governor Olene Walker William Delahunt Shane Johnson Urmo Parg David Williams Elisabeth DeMoss Steve Johnson Maurice Perkins Curtin Winsor Miguel Diaz Marek Kapusta William Perry Ellen Yount Stephen Donehoo Zulal Kilic Sunny Phillips Albert Zapanta

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Croatia Zagreb TEL: 385-1-48-111-06 FAX: 385-1-48-117-57

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