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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1O 52 Symposium on Geometric Design for Large Trucks I I ZIFIB TRANSPORTA|ION RESEARCH BOARD NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL WASHINGTON. D.C. 1986 Record 1052 Transportation Research Reco¡d 1052 Sponsorship of Transportation Research Price $19.80 PLANNING A.ND Editor: Elizabeth W. Kaplan CROUP I_TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS Compositor: Joan G. Zubal ADMINISTRATION layout: The¡esa L. Johnson l4)itliam A. Bultey, H. l4t. Lochner, Inc., chairman mode Freight TransPortation Section I highwaytransportation V). Èruce Allen, tJniversity of Pennsylvania, cluírman Committee on Motor Velúcle Size and Weight subject areas John ll. Fuller, University of lowa, chairman 21 facilities design Domenic J. Maio, Transportation Systems Center, setetary 5l transportation safety Arthur J. Balek, Byron C' Blaschke, Ch¿rles N. Brady, Mervin F' 53 vehicle cha¡acteristics Clark, Robert M. Clørke, Alan M. Clayton, Bradley Gewehr, Peter 54 operations and traffic control Griskivích, Kenneth L. Heøld, David J. Hensing, Burkhard Horn, James J. fohnston, Robert Davis Layton, Colin lan MacGillivray, Transportation Research Board publications are available by order' Richard R. Mudge, John L. Reith, Raymond R. Ruggieri, Ivan F. ing directly from TRB. They may also be obtained on a regular Scazziga, Susan K. Sheets, l4tilliam K. Smith, Carl N' Swerdlolf' basis through organizational or individual affiliation with TRB; af- James T. B. Tripp, Patricia F. l4taller, C. Michael Wølton, Arthur L. discounts. filiates or library subscribers are eligible for substantial Webster II For further information, write to the Transportation Resea¡ch Board, National Research Council, 2l 0l Constitution Avenue, CROUP 2-DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF N.ìff., Washington, D.C. 20418. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES David S. Gedney, Harland Bartholomew & Associates, chairman Printed in the United States of America Gene¡al Design Section Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jarvís D. Michie, Dynatech Engineering, Inc', chaírman National Research Council. Transportation Research Board. Committee on Geometric Design Symposium on Geomet¡ic Design for Large Trucks John C. Glennon, John C, Glennon Chørtered, chairman (1985 : Denver, Colo.) Ceorge B. Pílkington II, Federal Highway Administration, Symposium on Geomet¡ic Design for Large Trucks. secretary John C. Coltings, PauI D. Cribbíns, Hugh G. Downs, Jr,, feny L. (Transportation research ¡ecord ; 1052) Graham, C. ll)illiam Gray, Dennis A. Grylickî, John E. Havíland, l. Roads-Design. 2. T¡actor t¡aile¡ combinations. Milton L. lohnson, Frank J. Koepke, Ruediger Lamm, Joel P' I. Title. II. Series. Leisch, John M. Moson, Jr., Ted K. McCourry, John R. McLean, TE7.H5 no.1052 380.5 s 86-12'148 Thomas E. Meyer, Geoffrey M. Nairn, Jr., Timothy R. Neuman, IrE175l 1625.7',2s1 Brooks O. Nichols, Stanley L. Ring, James F, Roberts, Bernard rsBN 0-309-03968-1 rssN 0361-1981 H. Rottinghaus, Huber M. Shaver, Jr., Seppo I. Sillan, James A. Thompson, Jess E. TrubY, Jr. Co¡nmittee on Safety Appurtenances dayes E. Ross, Jr., Texas A&M Uníversity System,chairman Gordon A. Alíson, Jeflrey Alan Bloom, Kenneth J. Boedecker, Jr., James E. Bryden, John F. Carney III, Duane O. Christensen, Arthur M. Dinitz, Malcolm D. Graham, C. l|tíllíam Gray, James H. Hotton, Ir., lUìalter P, Humble, William l4t. Hunter, Jarvis D. Michie, John F'. Nixon, Raymond P. Owings, Edwørd Robert Post, Robert Quincy, James F. Roberts, F. G. Schlosser, Rudolph Kenneth Shearin, lr., Roger L. Stoughton, Flory J. Tamønint, Harry I4t. Taylor, Jon P. Underwood, John G. Viner CROUP 3_OPERATTON, SAFETY, AND MAINTENANCE OF TRANSPORTÀTION FACILTTIES D. E. Orne, Michigan Department of Transportation, chaírman Facilities and Operations Section Committee on Operational Effects ot Geomctrics Shetdon Schumacher, Schumocher & Bowman, Inc', chaírmon Robert E. Craven, Illinois Department ol Trønspottøtion, secretary Myung-Soon Chang, lulie Anna Ciríllo, George A' Dale, Ronald ltt/. Eck, bøniet B. Fambro, Jerome 14. HaIl, Douglas llt. Harwood, Robert P. Morris, Timothy R. Neuman, Ronald C. Pfefer, Abishai Polus, Ramey O. Rogness, James J. Schuster, Rudolph Kenneth Shearin, ,1r., Bob L. Smith, Daniel S. Turner, Stephen N. Von Winkle, Clinton A. Venable, l+talter E. Witt David K. Witheford, Transportation Research Boa¡d staff The organizational units, officers, and members are as of December 31, 1985. NOTICE: Ttre Transportation Research Boa¡d does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade and manufacturers' names ãppear in this Record because they are considered essential to its object. Con tents INTRODUCTION J. W. Hall NATIONAL NET\ryORK FOR TRUCKS: DEVELOPMENT, PERFORMANCE, AND OUTLOOK John P. Eicher, Thomas E. Klimek,and Sheldon G. Strickland GEOMETRIC DESIGN FOR LARGE TRUCKS_AN OVERVIEW OF THE ISSUES FROM PERSPECTIVE THE OF THE AMERICAN TRUCKING ASSOCTATIONS, INC. Richard A. Lill 6 SAFETY OF LARGE TRUCKS AND THE GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF TWO-LANE, TWO.\ryAY ROADS Gerald A. Donaldson t0 BIG TRUCKS IN NEW JERSEY: FROM cRIsIS MANAGEMENT To STRATEGY Mark L. Stout. l5 KEEPING UP WITH BIG TRUCKS: EXPERIENCES IN \TASHINGTON STATE Stan A. Moon l7 EXISTING DESIGN STANDARDS Bob L. Smith . 23 SIGHT DISTANCE PROBLEMS RELATED TO LARGE TRUCKS P. S. Fancher ... 29 OPERATIONAL AND SAFETY PROBLEMS OF TRUCKS IN NO-PASSING ZONES ON TWO.LANE RURAL HIGH\ryAYS Snehamay Khasnabis 36 USE OF THE WHI OFFTRACKING FORMULA Kenneth L. Heald 45 VEHICLE OFFTRACKING MODELS Michael W. Sayers 53 EXPECTED PERFORMANCE OF LONGER COMBINATION VEHICLES ON HIGHWAY GRADES K. Nabil A. Safwat and C. Michael Walton 63 lll lv INFLUENCE OF THE GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAY RAMPS ON THE STABILITY AND CONTROL OF HEAVY.DUTY TRUCKS Robert D. Ervin, Charles C. MacAdam, and Michelle Barnes 77 LARGE VEHICLES AND ROADSIDE SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Jarvis D. Michie 90 LONGITUDINAL BARRIERS FOR BUSES AND TRUCKS T. J. Hirsch 95 TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH LARGE TRUCKS David Jay Schorr t02 START-UP ACCELERATIONS OF HEAVY TRUCKS ON GRADES Thomas D. Gillespie 107 CALIFORNIA DESIGN PRACTICE FOR LARGE TRUCKS Earl Rogers tt2 S\ryEPT PATHS OF LARGE TRUCKS IN RIGHT TURNS OF SMALL RADIUS J. R. Billing and W. R. J. Mercer . ll6 CONSIDERATION OF LARGER TRUCKS IN PAVEMENT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT John M. Mason, Jr., and Veronica S. Driscoll t20 TRB's STUDY OF TWIN-TRAILER TRUCKS Robert E. Skinner, Joseph Morris, and Stephen Godwin t28 TRUCK ACCIDENT STUDIES Lawrence E. Jackson . 137 ACCIDENT DATA NEEDS FOR TRUCK SAFETY ISSUES Hugh W. McGee t46 LARGE.TRUCK SAFETY RESEARCH M. D. Freitas . 151 FINDINGS OF THE LONGER COMBINATION VEHICLE STUDY James W. March 157 Transportation Research Record lO52 lntroduction J. V. II¡\LL. (lhair.nrlrr. Syrn¡rosirrnr l)lann ing (lonrnr ittee 'Ihe Surface Transportat,ion Assistance Àct. (STAÀ) of . Traffic control device usage, and L982 was a lândmark piece of federal 1egislat,ion in- . Safety. tended to improve the quality of the nation rs deteriorating highway systen. Onè provision of this In response to the perceived gap legislation, in existing which is of great concern to highway highway design standards, four TRB com¡nittees with engineers, introduced new truck size regulations. interest in They required all states this subject planned and sponsored a to allow tractors with 4g- Symposium on Geometric Design for Large Trucks ft se¡nitrailers, double-trailer combinations with in August L985. The intent of this meeting vras 28-ft trailers, and 8.S-ft-wide vehicles. The I9g2 to docu- sTAÀ vehicle provisions nent the state of the art in design and operational size apply to a designated pract,ices for National Netr,rork that consists of the entire Inter- these vehicles. state systen portions prinary The symposium relied heavily on the expert,ise of and of the Federal-Aid designers systern designated by the Secretary of Transportation. in several states who had experience in accom¡nodating large t,rucks on their h!.ghway systems The states were also required to provide access routes for the federally and on researchers who had thoroughty sbudied se- authorized vehicles betr^reen lected aspects of the problem. The papers pre- the National Netnork and terminals and fuel and rest 24 stops. At sented at the synposium and included in this Record the time this legislation was enacted, highlight many of the unusual denands several states, primarily in prohibited that l9g2 STAA the East, vehicles place on the geometric design of highways. 48-ft semitrailers and double trailers, and most stâtes prohibited g It is not possible to state r,rith certainty which of trucks wider than ft. the design and operational issues discussLd in this Some seg¡nents of the highi,ray engineering comnunity Record are the did not have in place the appropriate practices nost critical¡ however, highway and engineers should be cognizant of the special problems procedures to design and operate roadr,rays for these posed by the 1982 STÀA vehicles and vehicles. Larger trucks can create problems because atte¡npt to ame- of their physical size and their,potentially poorer liorate them in the design or redesign of roadways operational on the National Network. characteristics. SeveraL critical aspects hppreciation of accomnodating the I9B2 STAA is expressed to the members of the trucks are not ad- Symposium Planning dressed in AASHTOTs on Geometric Committee ¡.¡hose work and dedica- "policy Design of t,ion nade the sym[þsium possible: Iiighways and Street,s.,, The geomet,ric design and operational factors of principaL concern appear to be . J.À. Cirillo, Federal Highway Ad¡ninistration Sight distance and no-passing zones, R.W. Eck, West Virginia University . crades and clinbing 1anes, . Intersection D.B. Fambro, University of Tennessee, design and operation, J.C. Glennon, John C. Glennon Chartered . Interchange and ratnp design, . T.E. Mulinazzi, University of Kansas Roadside design and traffic barriers, R.O. Rogness, North Dakota State University H.E. Ross, Jr., Texas A&¡4 University System S. Schumacher, Schumacher and Bownan, Inc. Bureau of Engineering Research, Departrnent of Civil J.J.
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