Television Production DDA Review

Post Production

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Post Production Phase § During Post, the video is assembled or Edited into the final form for broadcast § Music and graphics will be added to support the visuals § Voice overs would be added during this phase

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Terms used in the Post Production Phase • Importing • Exporting • Clip • Transition • Cutting On Action • Jump • Continuity • Split Screen • Freeze Frame

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Editing § The process of selecting the good portions of raw and putting it in order of the production plan

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Importing § The process of adding video, pictures, or other media to a computer and editing software • Exporting § The process of removing a complete / edited video from editing software

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Clip § The smallest piece of a video project § Multiple clips are used and combined to create a video • A clip is defined as having both an in-time and an out-time within a larger video element

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Transition § A transition is a technique used in editing by which scenes or shots are overlapped or combined when moving from one to the next § Transitions are used to make a fluid move from one clip to another § Common transitions are dissolves, fades (usually to black) and wipes 2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Cutting on Action § Cutting on action or matching on action refers to and techniques where the editor cuts from one to another view that matches the first shot's action • If an actor is walking, when the changes he should still be walking

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• § A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly § This type of edit gives the effect of jumping forwards in time

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Continuity § The state of continuing for a period of time, without problems, interruptions, or changes

§ The organization of a film or television program to make it seem that the action happens without pauses or interruptions

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

Continuity Errors

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

Continuity Errors

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

Continuity Errors

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• B-Roll § Video that is used in a news package. Usually used to cover a voice over § In interviews and documentary films, it is used to describe secondary footage that adds meaning to a sequence or disguised the elimination of unwanted content • An example would be, a retired athlete talking about their career, and highlights would be playing from their career while your hear them speaking

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Split Screen § Multiple pictures or videos playing on screen at the same time

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Freeze Frame § Also called . An optical effect or technique in which a single frame of film is repeated to give the effect of a still photograph

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

Equipment

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Tripod § A three legged camera support

§ The part that connects the camera to the tripod is called the Shoe

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Camera Parts

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Camera Parts § Light enters the Lens § Light is Split into the different colors § The colors hit the Charge-Couple Device • There could be 1 CCD or 3 CCDs in the Camera § CCDs convert the light to an electrical current § The processor interprets the electrical charges • Then Saves the information to the SD Card • The processor also sends a image to the view finder 2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Common Camera Issues § Will not record • No Battery • No media or SD card § Can not see an image • Camera not turned on § No Battery • Lens Cap on or not open

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Green Screen () § A background in front of which moving subjects are filmed and are able to be removed or replaced during the editing process, with a image or other video

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Green Screen (Chroma Key)

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• There are 4 types of Microphones • Handheld • Lavaliere • Boom • Shotgun

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Handheld • Picks up audio from where it’s held. Best for “man on the street” interviews

• Lavaliere • Clipped onto a newscaster, actor. Good for sit-down interviews

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Boom • Gets audio from a small area, held overhead. Used in films, TV shows

• Shotgun • Picks up audio from far away. Oen used for sports, to pick up sounds on the field during a game

2014 – 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Microphone Pick-Up Patterns: § Cardioid • Most common pattern • Picks up sound to the front of the microphone, and slightly from the sides

§ Hyper cardioid • Records from the front, rejects almost everything else

§ Omnidirectional • Picks up sound equally 360 degrees around

2014-15 the microphone capsule

Television Production DDA Review

• Microphone Pick-Up Patterns: § Cardioid • Most common pattern • Picks up sound to the front of the microphone, and slightly from the sides

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Microphone Pick-Up Patterns: § Hyper cardioid • Records from the front, rejects almost everything else

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Microphone Pick-Up Patterns: § Omnidirectional • Picks up sound equally 360 degrees around the microphone capsule

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

Safety

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Safety issues in Television § Moving heavy objects • Do not attempt to lift by bending forward. Bend your hips and knees to squat down to your load, keep it close to your body, and straighten your legs to lift • Never lift a heavy object above shoulder level • Avoid turning or twisting your body while lifting or holding a heavy object

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Safety issues in Television § Moving heavy objects

2014-15 Television Production DDA Review

• Safety issues in Television § Working with Lights • Wear Gloves when working with • Unplug any lights when moving • Wait for the lights to cool, if they were in use recently • Never touch the bulb with bare hands § Leaves oils on the bulb that may cause it to shatter § Bulb may be hot from previous use

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

Lighting Types

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Ellipsoidal § Type of spotlight § Reflects light off a surface shaped like an ellipsoid in the back § Creates a small to mid-sized circular light pattern

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Fluorescent § Provides extremely soft, broad lighting § Aren’t as hot, great for lighting actors up close or in small spaces

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Scoop § Provide a broad, soft light that boosts overall light levels § Cannot be focused

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Fresnel § Uses a larger lens to focus light § Creates soft circular light pattern § Broader than an ellipsoidal, but narrower than a scoop

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• LED § Operates at low temperatures like fluorescent lights § Can be controlled to change colors on cue § This feature is useful for matching indoor or outdoor light conditions …but they are expensive

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Ambient Light § The natural light already available in a space. It can be the lights in the ceiling indoors, or the sun outdoors

• The Lights are posioned above on a lighng grid § Connected to the pipes by the C-clamp

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

Lighting Accessories

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Scrim • Barn Doors: § Goes in front of a § Adjustable metal light to help diffuse, casing around a light, or soften, the light used to redirect light on your subject

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Cookie § attaches to a light to project a pattern

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Gel • C-Clamp § Placed in front of a § Used to attach a light light to change the to a lighting grid color of the light

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

Lighting Set Up

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• 3 Point Lighting § Key Light: • Main, strongest light. Defines the subject • Place at a 45 degree angle from a line between your subject and the camera • Leaves one side of your subject well lit, other side has shadows (Ellipsoidal) § Fill Light • Secondary light • On opposite side of the key light, 45 degree angle from camera • Light output much less intense than key • Used to fill the shadows created by the key light (Fresnel) § Back Light • Placed behind the subject • Does not provide direct lighting, helps to separate the subject from the background • Intensity slightly less than the key light (Fresnel) 2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

3 Point Lighting Simulator

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

• Lighting helps make a 2-D TV image more 3-D

• Controls amount of shading & shadows produced by direct lighting

2014 - 2015 Television Production DDA Review

2014 - 2015