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NIGERIA Länderbericht August 2004 ÖSTERREICHISCHES ROTES KREUZ NIGERIA Länderbericht August 2004 Verfasserinnen: Birgit Kirsten Müllner/Barbara Svec DER BERICHT STELLT KEINE ABSCHLIESSENDE MEINUNG ZUR GLAUBWÜRDIGKEIT VON INDIVIDUELLEN ASYLANSUCHEN DAR. DER BERICHT IST KEINE OFFIZIELLE STELLUNGNAHME DES IKRK UND DES ÖSTERREICHISCHEN ROTEN KREUZES ZUR POLITISCHEN SITUATION IN NIGERIA. DIE INFORMATIONEN IN DIESEM BERICHT BERUHEN AUF EINER ZEITLICH BEGRENZTEN RECHERCHE IN ÖFFENTLICH ZUGÄNGLICHEN DOKUMENTEN. ACCORD wird ko-finanziert durch den Europäischen Flüchtlingsfonds ÖSTERREICHISCHES ROTES KREUZ C/O ACCORD: POSTADRESSE A-1041 WIEN, POSTFACH 39 TELEFON: +43 (0) 1 58 900 - 581, 584 FAX: +43 1 58900 589, E-MAIL: [email protected] HOMEPAGE: http://accord.roteskreuz.at DATENBANK: www.ecoi.net ÖRK/ACCORD: Länderbericht Nigeria, August 2004 VORWORT Nigeria ist auch nach der Wahl einer Zivilregierung im Mai 1999 eines der Hauptherkunftsländer von AsylwerberInnen in Europa geblieben. Aufbauend auf dem von ACCORD im September 2002 herausgegebenen Länderbericht soll der aktuelle Nigeria-Bericht eine Hilfestellung bei jenen Fragen bieten, die sich im Zusammenhang mit Asylvorbringen nigerianischer StaatsbürgerInnen vor allem in Österreich ergeben. Als neuer Themenbereich ist die Frage der Scharia-Strafgesetzgebung in den nordnigerianischen Bundesstaaten und ihrer Auswirkungen auf die Situation von Frauen und der nicht-muslimischen Bevölkerung hinzugekommen. Während es Ziel dieses Berichtes war, möglichst aktuelle Quellen auszuwerten, haben wir, wo es zum besseren Verständnis der Situation notwendig erschien oder wo keine aktuellen Berichte verfübar waren, auch auf ältere Berichte zurückgegriffen. Im Einklang mit den Arbeitsmethoden von ACCORD ist der Bericht nicht als Positionspapier zu individuellen Vorbringen zu werten. Unterschiedliche Meinungen externer und öffentlich zugänglicher Quellen werden wiedergegeben. Trotz größter Sorgfalt bei der Recherche und Auswertung der Materialien kann ACCORD keine Garantie für die Richtigkeit aller Angaben gewährleisten. Für Hinweise auf Widersprüche oder faktische Unrichtigkeiten an [email protected] sind wir sehr dankbar. Wir danken insbesondere Frau Mag.a Birgit Kirsten Müllner für umfassende Recherche und Erstellung einer Erstfassung. Wir haben uns bei jenen asylrelevanten Fragen, die in der Literatur nur wenig Beachtung finden, darum bemüht, ExpertInnenmeinungen einzuholen. An dieser Stelle möchten wir insbesondere Frau Dr. Davis- Sulikowski, Ulrika Sandberg, Dr. Axel Harneit-Sievers, Dr. Johannes Harnischfeger und Carina Tertsakian sehr herzlich danken. Robert Engel gebührt Dank für letzte Korrekturen und das Layout. Wir hoffen, Sie mit diesem Bericht in Ihrer Arbeit mit AsylwerberInnen aus Nigeria unterstützen zu können. Weitere Informationen finden Sie auf http://www.ecoi.net im Themenpapier Nigeria. ACCORD, August 2004 2 ÖRK/ACCORD: Länderbericht Nigeria, August 2004 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1 POLITISCHE SITUATION....................................................................................................................................................7 1.1 Das politische System.......................................................................................................................................................................7 1.2 Obasanjos erste Amtszeit..............................................................................................................................................................8 1.3 Die People’s Democratic Party (PDP).......................................................................................................................................8 1.4 Die Wahlen 2003...............................................................................................................................................................................9 1.4.1 Die Parteien und Kandidaten.....................................................................................................................................9 1.4.2 Wahlvorbereitung............................................................................................................................................................9 1.4.3 Wahldurchgang............................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.4.4 Gewalt im Vorfeld und während der Wahlen................................................................................................ 10 1.4.5 Wahlergebnis.................................................................................................................................................................... 12 1.5 Die Gemeinderatswahlen 2004................................................................................................................................................ 12 2 POLIZEI UND SICHERHEITSKRÄFTE........................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Nigeria Police Force (NPF)...........................................................................................................................................................13 2.1.1 Allgemeines........................................................................................................................................................................13 2.1.2 Aufgaben der NPF .........................................................................................................................................................13 2.1.3 Organisation der NPF..................................................................................................................................................13 2.1.4 Kriminalität......................................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.5 Vergehen der Polizei..................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.5.1 Folter, Misshandlung und erniedrigende Behandlung in Polizeigewahrsam............................ 15 2.1.5.2 Außergerichtliche Tötungen................................................................................................................................ 15 2.1.5.3 Korruption..................................................................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.5.4 Willkürliche Verhaftungen................................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.5.5 Holden charge – unrechtmäßige Verlängerung der Untersuchungshaft................................... 17 2.1.5.6 Mobile Police................................................................................................................................................................ 17 2.2 Militär ......................................................................................................................................................................................................18 2.3 Geheimdienste.................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 2.3.1 Allgemeines........................................................................................................................................................................ 19 2.3.2 State Security Service.................................................................................................................................................. 19 2.4 National Drug Law Enforcement Agency ............................................................................................................................ 19 2.4.1 Allgemeines........................................................................................................................................................................ 19 2.4.2 Dekret 33 – Doppelbestrafung wegen Drogendelikten ...........................................................................20 3 JUSTIZSYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................................................20 3.1 Allgemeines.........................................................................................................................................................................................20 3.2 Todesstrafe........................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.3 Faires Verfahren ............................................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.4 Haftbedingungen..............................................................................................................................................................................22 3.4.1 Allgemeines.......................................................................................................................................................................22 3.4.2 Untersuchungshaft ........................................................................................................................................................22
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