KVK-Villupuram-Annual Progress Report 2019-20

PROFORMA FOR PREPARATION OF ANNUAL REPORT 2019-20 (April 2019-March 2020)

APR SUMMARY

Name of the KVK: Villupuram I

1. Technology Assessment

Category No. of Technology No. of Trials No. of Farmers Assessed & Refined Technology Assessed Crops 8 60 60 Livestock Various enterprises Total 8 60 60 Technology Refined Crops Livestock Various enterprises Total Grand Total 8 60 60

2. Frontline demonstrations

Details No. of Area (ha) Units/Animals Farmers/Locations Oilseeds 15 3 Pulses 43 11.6 Cereals 40 16 Vegetables 20 2 Other crops 45 8.2 Total 163 40.8 Livestock & Fisheries 20 - 250 Other enterprises Total 20 - 250 Grand Total 183 40.8 250

3. Training Programmes

Clientele No. of Courses Male Female Total participants Farmers & farm women 34 2584 828 3412 Rural youths 2 35 24 59 Extension functionaries 8 292 250 542 Sponsored Training 8 277 134 411 Vocational Training 1 27 1 28 Total 53 3215 1237 4452

4. Extension Programmes

Category No. of Programmes Total Participants Extension activities 464 5804 Other extension activities 877 5423 Total 1341 11227

5. Mobile Advisory Services

Message Crop Livestock Weather Marketing Awareness Other Total Type enterprise Text only 92 1 10 2 10 5 120 Voice only Voice & Text Total 92 1 10 2 10 5 120

6. Seed & Planting Material Production

Item Quantity Value Rs. Seed (q) 219.10 168455 Planting material (No.) 32070 106486 Bio-Products (kg) 3022.5 163342.3 Livestock Production (No.) 287 8816 Fishery production (No.) - -

7. Soil, water & plant Analysis

Samples No. of Beneficiaries Value Rs. Soil 490 13000 Water 57 3150 Plant - - Total 547 16150

8. HRD and Publications

Sr. No. Category Number 1 Workshops 13 2 Conferences 5 3 Meetings 29 4 Trainings for KVK officials 6 5 Visits of KVK officials 6 6 Book published 2 7 Training Manual 3 8 Book chapters - 9 Research papers 2 10 Lead papers - 11 Seminar papers 12 12 Extension folder 2 13 Proceedings 1 14 Award & recognition 9 15 On going research projects -

DETAILED PROGRESS REPORT 2019-20

1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE KVK

1.1. Name and address of KVK with phone, fax and e-mail

a) Name of the KVK : Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Villupuram b) Address : Krishi Vigyan Kendra Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Tindivanam, Villupuram District – 604 002 c) Landline Phone No. : 04147 250001 d) Fax No. : 04147 250001 e) Official Mobile No. : 9443402858 f) Email ID : [email protected]

1.2 .Name and address of host organization with phone, fax and e-mail a) Name of the Host Organization : Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore b) Address : Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore – 641 003 c) Landline Phone No. : 0422 6611233 d) Fax No. : 091-0422-6611433 e) Official mobile No. : 9489056701 f) email ID : [email protected] [email protected]

1.3. Name of the Programme Coordinator with phone & mobile No. a) Name : Dr. S.Anbumani b) Phone - residence : - c) Mobile : 9443402858 d) Email ID : [email protected]

1.4. Year of sanction: 2003-04 (No.16-12/2003-AE-I-dated 16.8.2003, AE-I-dated 22.3.04 from ICAR, New Delhi)

1.5. Staff Position (as on 31th March, 2020)

Edn. Specializat Pay Qualificati ion (if Scale Category Discipline Present Sl. Sanctioned Name of the on applicable) (Rs.) Date of Permanent/ (SC/ST/O Designation (eg.Agrono basic No. post incumbent (eg.M.Sc. eg.Agrono joining Temporary BC/ my) (Rs.) my Others) (Agri) 1 Programme Dr. K. Parameswari Programme Seed Science Ph.D Seed 68900- 92600 05.12.2019 Permanent MBC Coordinator Coordinator &Tech. Science 20550 &Tech. 2 Subject Dr. V.K. Satya SMS Plant Ph.D Plant 57700- 75200 16.06.2017 Permanent MBC Matter Pathology Pathology 182400 Specialist 3 Subject Dr. S. Sangeetha SMS Agricultural Ph.D Agricultura 57700- 75200 21.07.2014 Permanent SC Matter Extension l Extension 182400 Specialist 4 Subject Dr. M. SMS Animal M.V.Sc Animal 57700- 63000 01.08.2014 Permanent SC Matter Balumahendiran Husbandry (Micro.) Husbandry 182400 Specialist 5 Subject Vacant Matter Specialist 6 Subject Vacant Matter Specialist 7 Subject Vacant Matter Specialist 8 Programme Mr. C. Programme Agriculture B.Sc. 35900 - 57500 13.08.2015 Permanent BC Assistant Venkateswaran Assistant (Agri.) 113500 (Technical)

9 Computer Mrs.A. Programme Computer M. Sc 35900 - 55800 12.11.2012 Permanent MBC Programmer Vijayalakshmi Assistant Science (Comp. 113500 (Computer) Sci.) 10 Farm Miss. S. Kamaladevi Farm Horticulture M.Sc 35900 - 42800 11.03.2013 Permanent SC Manager Manager (Hort.) 113500 11 Accountant / Miss. P. Priya Junior - MCA 19500- 20700 23.01.2018 Temporary BC Superintende Assistant 62000 nt cum Typist 12 Stenographer Mrs. S. Gayathri Junior - B.Com 19500- 20100 26.02.2018 Temporary BC Assistant 62000 cum Typist 13 Driver Th. R. Mohan Driver - - 19500- 33200 13.04.2015 Permanent MBC 62000 14 Driver Th. P. Raja Driver cum - - 15700 – 27600 01.03.2006 Permanent MBC Mechanic 5000 0 15 Supporting Th. K. Mechanic - - 15700 - 30200 01.03.2010 Permanent MBC staff Uthiramoorthy 50000 16 Supporting Th. N.Arumugam Skilled - - 15900 - 33300 01.05.2016 Permanent BC staff labour 50400

1.6. Total land with KVK (in ha) (Consolidated figure):

S. Item Area (ha) No. 1 Under Buildings 2.4 2. Under Demonstration Units 0.4 3. Under Crops 11.2 4. Orchard/Agro-forestry 2.8 5. Others (specify) - Total 16.8

1.7. Infrastructural Development:

A) Buildings

S.No. Name of building Source of Stage funding Complete Incomplete Completion Plinth area Expendi Starting Plinth Status of Date (Sq.m) ture (Rs.) Date area construction (Sq.m) (Completed/ in progress/ to be initiated) 1. Administrative ICAR 1.8.2007 550 39.85 - - - Building 2. Farmers Hostel ICAR 1.8.2007 305 25.75 - - - 3. Staff Quarters ICAR 1.8.2007 400 32.00 - - - (No.) 4. Demonstration ICAR 1.8.2007 40 4.00 1.7.06 160 Completed Units (add rows if required) 5 Fencing ICAR 1.8.2007 250m 2.00 1.7.06 - Completed 6 Rain Water ------harvesting system 7 Threshing floor ------8 Farm godown ------9 Shed - 2004 40 - - - - (Farm (old equipment) structure renovated)

B) Vehicles

Year of Cost Total kms. Present Type of vehicle purchase (Rs.) Run status Tractor with accessories 2005 318150 7911.5 hrs Good Two wheeler (TVS Starcity) 2006 34028 39945 Good Two wheeler (TVS Scooty pep+) 2009 35371 42272 Good Bolero Jeep 2012 526477 165316 Good

C) Equipment & AV aids Year of Name of the equipment Cost (Rs.) Present status purchase OHP with accessories 2004 24,850 To be condemned. Slide projector with accessories 2006 24,730 Action has been Xerox machine 2006 74,630 initiated to Computer with accessories 2006 74,950 condemn the same. Digital camera with accessories 2007 20,000 Digital camera with accessories 2011 25000 Good Computer accessories including LCD 2007 1,00,000 Good Plant Health diagnostic facility BOD Incubator + Stabilizer-Pricillab 2011 42432 Good pH Meter-Elico 2011 5481 Good Dessicator-Kasablanca 2011 2564 Good Stereo Zoom microscope-Olympus 2011 85306 Good Magnifier-Ajay 2011 5834 Good Hot air oven-Pricillab 2011 19448 Good Deep freezer-Voltas 2011 24752 Good UPS –Microtek with backup exide 2011 26520 Good Glass distillation apparatus+ RO system 2011 38896 Good (Pricillab+Dolphin) Polarimeter-Erma 2011 2386.8 Good Wall table-Pricillab 2011 62764 Good Sink with table 2011 10608 Good Wall cupboard 2011 22100 Good Revolving stool 2011 8840 Good Electrical installation 2011 10608 Good Air conditioner 2.0 t-LG+stabilizer 2011 26520 Good Vertical louver 2011 13260 Good Separator 2011 15028 Good Refrigerated centrifuge-Biolab 2011 139672 Good Microwave oven-LG 8 lit 2011 7514 Good Analytical balance 200g-Wensar 2011 29172 Good Thermo hygrometer-Lutron 2011 751 Good Colony counter-Hintron 2011 4950 Good Autoclave-35lit-Obramax 2011 43316 Good Laminar air flow-Pricillab 2011 30940 Good Vortex mixer-Biolab 2011 4066 Good Shaker-Pricillab 2011 15028 Good Water bath-Pricillab 2011 5392 Good Portable autoclave-Obramax 2011 5304 Good Hot plate-induction-Prestige 2011 3094 Good Magnetic stirrer-Pricillab 2011 3094 Good UV chamber-Pricillab 2011 11404 Good Digital moisture meter-Concord 2011 7514 Good Display cabinet 2011 29172 Good Cold water supplier-Voltas 2011 11315 Good Slotted angle iron rack 2011 4508 Good Steel almirah 2011 23134 Good

Revolving stool 2011 2121.6 Good RO System-Dolphin 2011 7956 Good Air conditioner + V. Stabilizer-LG+V guard 2011 25194 Good Vertical Louver 2011 10608 Good Vacuum cleaner-Eureka Forbes 2011 3536 Good Sink unit 2011 19121 Good Exhaust fan 2011 12730 Good LPG Setup 2011 8398 Good Wall storage cupboard-Pricillab 2011 5525 Good Wall side storage-Pricillab 2011 5525 Good Storage cabinet-Pricillab 2011 46630 Good Cabinet for conditioned storage of samples-LG+ 2011 10608 Good Vguard GPS Garmin-E Trex 2011 17680 Good Servo Stabilizer-2KVA 2011 6630 Good Chaff cutter 2013 17400 Good Air conditionar with stabilizer 2017 414900 Good Furniture (Bureau, steel glass cabinet, library 2017 Good cabinet, wooden queen cots, sofa set) 99577 Camera 2017 28500 Good Public address system 2017 9980 Good LCD Projector 2017 69000 Good Photo copier 2017 69825 Good Brush cutter 2019 28000 Good Manual and battery operated Sprayer 2019 4500 Good Knapsack sprayer 2019 5500 Good Autoclave 2019 37170 Good

1.8. A). Details SAC meeting(s) conducted in the year

Sl.No. Date No of Participants Salient Recommendations 1. 12.02.2020 40 21 Nos.

Proceedings of the 11th SAC meeting of KrishiVigyan Kendra, Villupuram held on 12.02.2020

The 11th Scientific Advisory Committee meeting of KrishiVigyan Kendra, Villupuram was held on 12.02.2020 at 10.00 AM under the Chairmanship of Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Director of Extension Education, TNAU, Coimbatore. The meeting was attended by the SAC members, invited guests, Programme Coordinator and Subject Matter Specialists of KVK, Villupuram. Dr. K. Parameswari, Programme Coordinator, KrishiVigyan Kendra, Villupuram welcomed the Chairman and the members. The proceeding was taken by the Chairman after a brief self- introduction by the participants.

The chairman Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Director of Extension Education, TNAU, Coimbatore suggested that KVK may facilitate to attract rural youth for agriculture and motivate them into agrientrepreneurs. KVK staff members may create model village to showcase the complete package of

9 practices for major crops. For doubling the farmers income, KVK scientists are advised to promote vegetable and flower crops among the farmers. Dr.A.Bhaskaran, Principal Scientist (Soil Science), ICAR – Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute (ATARI – X), Hyderabad appreciated the KVK staff members for effective dissemination of technologies in linkage with line departments and further he suggested that ICAR-Revolving fund may be increased by engaging contractual labours to bring the KVK into self- sustainable conditions. Further, he opined that efforts may be taken to show the KVK presence at all the blocks of Villupuram district and encourage the new farmers to attend the training programmes. Dr. P. Sridhar, Professor and Head, Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam suggested to create awareness on micronutrient application and earthing up practices among the groundnut farmers for getting maximum yield. Followed by, Dr. M.Jayachandran, Professor and Head, Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore instructed to encourage the sugarcane farmers for popularizing the TNAU Sugarcane varieties to the farmers.Further, he pointed out organic Jaggery making process to be disseminated to the sugarcane growers. During this event, the Chairman released two booklets on” Crop protection technologies in agricultural crops” and “Hi- tech flower production technologies for blooming entrepreneur” in vernacular language. A report on activities and achievements of KVK during 2018-19 was circulated among the members to facilitate effective discussion. The activities namely trainings, OFTs, FLDs, etc., taken up during 2018-19 and proposed activities of 2019-20 in the area of agronomy, horticulture, soil science, plant protection and animal husbandry were presented by the Programme Coordinator of the KVK. After the presentation, discussion was held on different aspects and suggestions for improvement were sought. The Chairman made his critical observations after listening to each member present in the meeting. All the important suggestions that emerged during the proceedings have been presented in the table given below. At the end of the meeting, Dr. S. Ramadass, Training Assistant (Agronomy) proposed vote of thanks. Salient Recommendations of 11th Scientific Advisory Committee

S. No Salient recommendation Suggested by 1. Hi-tech vegetable and flower cultivation may be Dr. M.Jawaharlal, DEE, demonstrated at farmers field TNAU, Coimbatore 2. Under drought conditions, perennial fodder crops may be Dr. M.Jawaharlal, DEE, introduced in farmers field TNAU, Coimbatore 3. Newly released Onion variety may be proposed as FLD for Dr. M.Jawaharlal, DEE, disseminating new varieties to the vegetable grower. TNAU, Coimbatore 4. Agriculture related programmes may be given to “TNAU Dr. M.Jawaharlal, DEE, TV” you tube channel for further dissemination of improved TNAU, Coimbatore technologies in agri and horticultural crops 5. Vegetable seed production will be taken up in farmer’s field Dr. M.Jawaharlal, DEE, under farmers participatory mode TNAU, Coimbatore 6. Marketing preference and farmers feedback of successful Dr. A. Bhaskaran, Principal

FLDs should be documented and send to the higher officials Scientist, ATARI, for documentation purpose. Hyderabad 7. ICAR - Revolving fund may be increased by engaging Dr. A. Bhaskaran, Principal contractual labours to bring into the KVK self-sustainable Scientist, ATARI, conditions Hyderabad 8. Farmers database should be updated in M-Kisan portal Dr. A. Bhaskaran, Principal Scientist, ATARI, Hyderabad 9. Efforts may be taken to show the KVK presence at all the Dr. A. Bhaskaran, Principal blocks of Villupuram district Scientist, ATARI, Hyderabad 10. Bio-products may be sold through KVK sales outlet for the Dr. A. Bhaskaran, Principal benefit of farming community Scientist, ATARI, Hyderabad 11. More number of 2 to 5 minutes Radio talk programme may Dr. A. Bhaskaran, Principal be given by KVK scientist through All India Radio, Scientist, ATARI, Pudhucherry Hyderabad & Mr.Senthilkumar, Programme Executive, All India Radio, Puducherry 12. Drum seeding technology in paddy may be popularized at Mr.A.J.KenndyJebakumar, Villupuram through off campus training mode JDA, Villupuram 13. Suitable groundnut and black gram varieties may be assessed Mr.A.J.KenndyJebakumar, for rainfed condition in Villupuram district JDA, Villupuram 14. Yellow Mosaic Virus resistant blackgram varieties may be Mr.A.J.KenndyJebakumar, popularized in Villupuram district JDA, Villupuram 15. Awareness programme on” Improvement of sugar recovery Mr.A.J.KenndyJebakumar, technology in sugarcane” may be organized along with JDA, Villupuram Department of Agriculture 16. Laser irrigation may be promoted in farmers field through Mr.A.J.KenndyJebakumar, demonstration and training programmes JDA, Villupuram 17. Newly released TNAU sugarcane varieties may be Dr.M.Jayachandran, introduced through FLD Programmes Professor and Head, Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore 18. Awareness programme on “Organic Jaggery making” may Dr.M.Jayachandran, be organized Professor and Head, Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore 19. Awareness may be created on right proportion of feeding of Dr.T.Manoharan, Joint locally available feed for Small ruminant Director, Department of Animal husbandry, Villupuram 20. Pulse harvester may be demonstrated in farmers field Mrs. A. Kumari, Progressive farmer & SAC Member 21. Season wise crop production information may be given for Mr. Murugan, Director, Thagaval Palagai programme to be telecasted at Doordarshan Programme Executive, Doordarshan, Pondicherry

List of members and invited guests present in the 11th Scientific Advisory Committee meeting of KrishiVigyan Kendra, Villupuram

S. No Name Position Post 1. Dr. M. Jawaharlal, Ph.D. Director of Extension Education, Chairman Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore – 641 003 2. Dr.A.Bhaskaran, Ph.D. Principal Scientist (Soil Science) Member ICAR-ATARI-X, Hyderabad 3. Dr. K. Parameswari, Ph.D Programme Coordinator, KVK, Tindivanam Member

4. Dr. P.Sridhar, Ph.D. Professor and Head, Oilseeds Research Station, Member Tindivanam, VillupuramVillupuramDt 5. Dr. M.Jayachandran, Ph.D. Professor and Head, Member Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore 6. Mr.A.J.KenndyJebakumar Joint Director of Agriculture, Villupuram Member 7. Dr. A. Ramamoorthy Programme Coordinator Member PerunthalaivarKamarajKrishiVigyan Kendra Vazhudavoor Rd, Kurumbapet, Marie Oulgaret,Puducherry, 605009 8. Dr. T. Manoharan, BVSc., Joint Director, Department of Animal Member Husbandry, Villupuram 9. Th.K. Anbazhagan Assistant Director of Horticulture (PM) Member O/o. Deputy Director of Horticulture Villupuram 10. Mr. G. Venkatesan Forester, Tamil Nadu Forest Plantation Member Corporation Ltd., Villupuram 605 602 11. Th. E. SankaraSekar Assistant Executive Engineer (AEE) Member Department of Agrl. Engineering Tindivanam 12. Tmt. K. Vijayalakshmi District Social Welfare Officer,Villupuram Member

13. Mr. G. K. Murugan Programme Executive Member Doordarshan Kendra, Pudhucherry 14. Mr. D. Senthil Kumar Programme Executive (Farm & Home) Member All India Radio, Pudhucherry - 605006 15. Dr. S. Vasanthakumar, Ph.D. Programme Coordinator, Member PerunthalaivarKamarajKrishiVigyan Kendra, Pudhucherry 16. Th. E. SankaraSekar Assistant Executive Engineer, Department of Member Agrl. Engineering,Tindivanam 17. Th. K. Dhashanamoorthy Director, All India Radio, Pudhucherry Member

18. Mrs. A. Kumari D/o. Annamalai, Senagunam Post Member ThirukoilurTaluk,Villupuram 19. Mrs.Anuradha W/o. M.Natarajan,134, Main Road Member Vikkiravandiblock,Villupuram district 20. Mr.J.Janarthanan S/o. Jayaraman,Mandapam village Member Villpuram district 21. Mr. Iyyanar S/o. M.Ramamoorthy, Kandamangalam PO, Member Villupuram district

Invitees 22. Dr. K. Sathiya, Ph.D. Assistant Professor (Agronomy), ORS, - Tindivanam 23. Dr. S. Thangeswari, Ph.D. Assistant Professor (Plant Pathology) ORS, Tindivanam 24. Dr. R. Brindavathy, Ph.D. Assistant Professor (Microbiology), ORS, - Tindivanam 25. Dr. R. Kanchanarani, Ph.D. Assistant Professor (PBG), ORS, Tindivanam - 26. Dr. P.C. Prabu, Ph.D. Assistant Professor (ENS), ORS, Tindivanam - 27. Dr. Lavanya, Ph.D. Professor (SS &AC), ORS, Tindivanam 28. Th. R. Prabusankar Assistant Director of Agriculture - Marakkanam block, Tindivanam 29. Tmt. V. Amsaveni Officer, Social welfare, Olakkur block - Villupuram District 30. Th. S. Murugan Transmission Executive (F&H) - All India Radio, Pudhucherry - 605006 31. Th. A. Prakash Pinto Mushroom grower, Mugaiyur village & block - Villupuram 32. Th. Chandra Prabu Leading farmer in vegetable cultivation - Pangolathur village Olakkur block, Tindivanam TK. 33. K. Jayaganthan Vermicompost producer, - Adhanapattuvillage,Villupuram District Staff of KVK, Villupuram 34. Dr. S. SangeethaPh.D. Assistant Professor (Agrl. Ext.) - 35. Dr. S. Ramadass, Ph.D. Training Assistant (Agronomy) - 36. M. Prabu, Ph.D. Training Assistant (Horticulture) - 37. Mrs. Kamaladevi Farm Manager - 38. Th. C. Venkateswaran Programme Assistant (Tech.) - 39. Mrs. A. Vijayalakshmi Programme Assistant (Computer) - 40. Miss. P. Priya Junior cum Assistant

2. DETAILS OF DISTRICT (2019-20)

Operational jurisdiction of KVKs: Villupuram District

Villuppuram is one of the predominant agricultural district in which 75% of population is engaged in Agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. Agriculture continues to be the predominant sector of District economy. Physical and Administrative features Particulars Before Bifurcation After Bifurcation Total Geographical Area (Sq. km) : 7245.91 3725.54 No. of Sub division : 4 2 No. of Blocks : 22 13 No. of Villages (Inhabited) : 1490 932 No. of Village Panchayats : 1099 693

Details of Block Name of Blocks Sl.No. Villuppuram district Villuppuram district After Kallakuruchi new district Before Bifurcation Bifurcation 1 TirukoIlur 1. Kanai 1. Kallakurichi 2 Mugaiyur 2. Koliyanur 2. Chinnasalem 3 Thiruvennaivallur 3. Kandamangalam 3. Rishivandiyam 4 Tirunavalur 4. Vikravandi 4. Sankarapuram 5 Ulundurpet 5. Olakur 5. Thiyagadurugam 6 Kanai 6. Mailam 6. Kalvarayan hills 7 Koliyanur 7. Marakanam 7. TirukoIlur 8 Kandamangalam 8. Vanur 8. Ulundurpet 9 Vikravandi 9. Gingee 9. Tirunavalur 10 Olakur 10. Vallam 11 Mailam 11. Melmalayanur 12. Mugaiyur 12 Marakanam 13. Thiruvennainallur 13 Vanur 14 Gingee 15 Vallam 16 Melmalayanur 17 Kallakurichi 18 Chinnasalem 19 Rishivandiyam 20 Sankarapuram 21 Thiyagadurugam 22 Kalvarayan hills

2.1. Major farming systems/enterprises (based on the analysis made by the KVK)

S. No Farming system/enterprise a. Wet land Rice – Rice – Sesame/Pulses/Groundnut (June – July) (Aug – Sept) (March – April) Sugarcane (Dec – Jan) b. Garden land Groundnut/Millets - Groundnut – Sesame (June – Sept) (Oct –Jan) (Feb – March) c. Dry land Groundnut/Millets – Groundnut / Sesame / Pulses (June – Sept.) (Oct.-Jan) d. Other crops Cotton, Tapioca, Brinjal, Gourds, Chillies, Watermelon, Cashew, Casuarina, Banana, Mango, Guava, Coconut, Tuberose, Button Rose, Crossandra, Jasmine e. Other enterprises EDP-Home products, toy making, turmeric, flower crop and agro-forestry nursery, cashew processing, dairy farming, goat and sheep rearing.

2.2. Description of Agro-climatic Zone & major agro ecological situations (based on soil and topography) S. Agro-climatic Characteristics No. Zone 1. North Eastern The District is situated between 8.5’ and 13.2’ of North latitude and Zone 15’and 80.22’East longitude. The normal annual rainfall of 1029.4 mm is received in 63 rainy days The North Eastern season provides maximum amount of 601 mm rainfall in 29 rainy days followed by South West monsoon contributing 294 mm in 24 rainy days. The major soil types are red loam and clay loam. Black soils are present in limited extent and coastal alluvial soils occur along the sea coast. In coastal taluks have saline and alkaline soils of about 12,000 ha. They are distributed in patches. The climate in the Zone is basically semi arid tropical. The hottest months are April-June and the cold climate prevails during December and January. The average minimum temperature varies from 19.5º C to 24.8 º C. It has a wet period of 7 months and dry period of 5 months in a year. The relative humidity is highest during the months of October- November.

S. No Agro ecological Characteristics situation 1 North Eastern 1. Red non calcareous – Low rainfall – Low Elevation Zone 2. Red non calcareous – Low rainfall – Medium Elevation 3. Red non calcareous – Medium rainfall – Low Elevation 4. Red non calcareous – Medium rainfall –Medium Elevation 5. Red non calcareous – High rainfall – Low Elevation 6. Red calcareous – Low rainfall – Low Elevation 7. Red calcareous – Low rainfall – Medium Elevation 8. Red calcareous – Medium rainfall – Low Elevation 9. Red calcareous – Medium rainfall –Medium Elevation 10. Red calcareous – High rainfall – Low Elevation 11. Black non calcareous – Medium rainfall – Low Elevation 12. Black non calcareous – Medium rainfall – Medium Elevation 13. Black calcareous – Low rainfall – Medium Elevation 14. Black calcareous – Medium rainfall – Low Elevation 15. Black calcareous – Medium rainfall – Medium Elevation 16.Coastal saline alkaline and swamp – Medium rainfall – Low Elevation

2.3. Soil types in the jurisdiction S. No Soil type Characteristics Area in ha 1 Shallow, red gravelly loam soils Hills and uplands 20823.38 2 Shallow, red gravelly clay soils 4747.85 3 Medium deep, red gravelly clay soils 3561.07 4 Deep to very deep, red clay soils 42195.97 5 Medium deep, clay soils Plains 46469.22

6 Medium deep, red gravelly clay soils 89779.93 7 Deep to vey deep, red loamy soils 138699.01 8 Deep, calcareous clayey soils (low lands) 123436.87 9 Very deep, Sandy soils 7752.15 10 Very deep, lateritic clayey soils 7137.11 11 Very deep, calcareous black soil 183661.52 12 Deep to very deep, black soils 19828.90 13 Rocky lands 133314.36 14 Marshy lands 6101.09

2.4. Area, Production and Productivity of major crops cultivated in the jurisdiction for 2019-20

Kharif S. No Crop Area (ha) Production (Qtl) Productivity (Qtl /ha) 1 Paddy 6770 280955 41.5 2 Cumbu 263 6115 23.25 3 Maize 588 37867 64.4 4 Ragi 857 17243 20.12 5 Varagu 227 3410 15.02 6 Minor millets 135 1061 7.86 7 Blackgram 3533 32150 9.1 8 Greengram 199 1771 8.9 9 Other pulses 184 1336 7.26 10 Groundnut 13576 314963 23.2 11 Sugarcane 14953 13457700 900 12 Cotton 7230 108450 15

Rabi S. No Crop Area (ha) Production (Qtl) Productivity (Qtl /ha) 1 Paddy 113233 4925636 43.5 2 Sorghum 306 3825 12.5 3 Cumbu 35307 891502 25.25 4 Maize 20985 1466852 69.9 5 Ragi 675 14600 21.63 6 Varagu 59 951 16.12 7 Minor millets 1461 12667 8.67 8 Blackgram 81286 804731 9.9 9 Greengram 1452 13213 9.1 10 Other pulses 5914 45656 7.72 11 Groundnut 26606 667811 25.1 12 Gingelly 4931 37229 7.55 13 Sunflower 21 357 16.98 14 Castor 19 162 8.52 15 Sugarcane 13326 11993400 900 16 Cotton 876 13140 15

Summer S. No Crop Area (ha) Production (Qtl) Productivity (Qtl /ha) 1 Paddy 120003 5148129 42.9 2 Gingelly 5683 42963 7.56

Weather data (April 2019 to March 2020)

Month Rainfall (mm) TemperatureC Relative Maximum Minimum Humidity (%) April 2019 0.89 36.2 27.0 65.2 May 2019 33.70 37.6 28.2 71.4 June 2019 31.12 37.8 27.7 67.1 July 2019 102.93 36.4 25.6 68.6 August 2019 148.90 33.6 24.5 81.0 September 2019 217.47 33.3 25.7 77.5 October 2019 172.03 31.0 25.1 82.5 November 2019 149.09 28.8 24.2 81.3 December 2019 44.00 28.2 22.7 79.1 January 2020 0.0 29.7 20.2 70.9 February 2020 0.0 32.6 20.5 65.4 March 2020 0.0 36.2 22.5 62.3

2.6. Production and productivity of livestock, Poultry, Fisheries etc. in the district (2019-20)

Category of livestock Population (Nos.) Production (Nos.) Productivity Cattle – Cross bred 671581 3693695 5.5 litres/day Cattle – Indigenous 113685 170527 1.5 litres/day Buffaloes 17714 38970 2.2 litres/day Sheep 244582 3424148 14 kg/animal Goat 400110 6401760 16 kg/animal Pig 15218 1065260 70 kg/animal Rabbits 4288 6432 1.5 kg/animal Backyard Poultry (Meat) 1230856 1846284 1.5 kg/bird Backyard Poultry (Eggs) 651154 45580780 70 eggs Farm Poultry 1578960 3473712 2.2 kg/bird Fish – Marine 25714 Million 845990 Million 32. 9 MT Fish – Inland 600 2400000 2.4 MT

2.7. Details of Adopted Villages (2019-20) Sl.No Taluk/ Name of Name of Year of Major Major Identified . mandal the block the village adopti crops & problem Thrust Areas on enterprises identified KVK adopted villages 1 Tindivanam Olakkur Pangulathur 2018 Paddy, Lack of Integrated pest Pulses, knowledge and disease oilseeds, on new management vegetables variety Crop Yield loss management due to Pest Seed and disease Production 2 Tindivanam Marakanam Nagar 2019 Paddy, Lack of Integrated pest Pulses, knowledge and disease oilseeds, on new management flowers, variety Crop vegetables Yield loss management due to Pest Seed and disease Production DFI villages 1 Tindivanam Marakanam Enthur 2018 Paddy, Lack of Integrated pest Pulses, knowledge and disease oilseeds, on new management flowers, variety Crop vegetables Yield loss management due to Pest Seed and disease Production Low income Entrepreneurial development

2.8. Priority/thrust areas

Crop/Enterprise Thrust area Paddy,Groundnut, Pulses Crop improvement - Introducing new varieties Paddy Groundnut ,Pulses Recent crop production and protection technologies Paddy, Groundnut Farm mechanization Groundnut , sugarcane , Paddy Integrated nutrient management and IWM and Integrated pest and disease management Green fodder Fodder technology demonstration Turmeric Integrated pest and disease management Watermelon Integrated pest and disease management Use of biofertilizers Utilization of bio-inoculants for sustainability Integrated Nutrient Management Rural awareness programmes on recent agrochemicals and micro nutrients Resource recycling Bio-composting , NRM & bio-fertigation Subsistence farming Sustainable agriculture by IFS and resource conservation Food processing Value addition in food products Seed production Seed production & drought management Poultry Empowering rural backyard poultry Cattle Profitable dairy Farming

Buffalo Nutritional management of young ones Buffalo Breeding management Rural employment Empowerment of rural youth and women

2.9. Salient Achievements of (April 2019-March, 2020) (Mandated activities/ Projects) S.No Activity Target Achievement 1. Technologies Assessed (No.) 8 8 2. On-farm trials conducted (No.) 8 8 3. Frontline demonstrations conducted (No.) 17 17 4. Farmers trained (in Lakh) 0.03911 5. Extension Personnel trained (No.) 542 6. Participants in extension activities (in Lakh) 0.05804 7. Production of Seed (in Quintal) 219.1 8. Planting material produced (in Lakh) 0.32070 9. Live-stock strains and fingerlings produced (in Lakh) 0.00287 10. Soil, Water, plant, manures samples tested (in Lakh) 0.00547 11. Mobile agro-advisory provided to farmers (in Lakh) 1.34306 12. No.of Soil Health Cards issued by Mini Soil Testing Kits (No.) 302 13. No.of Soil Health Cards issued by Traditional Laboratory (No.) 298

2.10. Salient Achievements by KVK during 2019-20 (bullet points)

 KVK facilitated to form “Villupuram district organic farmer’s Society “(Sl/ No. 162/2017) for the benefit of organic farmers.  An innovative “Phone in live Programme “ has been started for the benefit of farming community. Totally 495 quires were addressed  KVK providing technical guidance to FPOs viz., Raja Desingu Farmer Producer Company Ltd., and Manimuthah Farmers Producers Company for producing and selling of their farm produce.  Four Commodity Interest Groups on millets have been formed and Millet entrepreneur have been developed under INSIMP scheme.  Three mushroom entrepreneurs have been developed through training during this year.

3. TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENTS

3.A. Details of target and achievements of mandatory activities by KVK during 2019-20 i) OFT (Technology Assessment)

Number of technologies Total no. of Trials Targets Achievement Targets Achievement 8 8 60 60

19 ii) FLD (crop/enterprise/CFLDs)

No of Demonstrations Area in ha Number of Farmers Targets Achievement Targets Achievement Targets Achievement 17 17 40.8 40.8 183 183 iii) Training (including sponsored, vocational and other trainings carried under Rainwater Harvesting Unit)

Number of Courses Number of Participants Clientele Targets Achievement Targets Achievement Farmers 28 34 880 3412 Rural youth 2 2 60 59 Extn. Functionaries 8 8 540 542 Vocational - 1 - 29 Sponsorred - 8 - 411 iv) Extension Activities Number of activities Number of participants Targets Achievement Targets Achievement 347 1341 6085 11227 v) Seed Production (q) Target Achievement Distributed to no. of farmers 83.5 219.1 213 vi) Planting material (Nos.) Target Achievement Distributed to no. of farmers 2500 32070 51 v) Livestock (Nos.) Target Achievement Distributed to no. of farmers 250 287 41 vii) Bio inputs (kg.) Target Achievement Distributed to no. of farmers 2000 3022.5 54

3. B. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT i) Summary of technologies assessed under various crops by KVKs

Source of Name of the technology No. of No. of Thematic areas Crop technology with assessed trials farmers year Integrated Nutrient - - - - - Management Paddy Quality assessment of saline TRY 3 - TNAU, tolerant rice varieties for Coimbatore Villupuram district (2010) 10 10 Varietal CSR 36 -CSSRI, Evaluation Kurnool (2005) Sorghum Assessment of Sorghum variety CO 30 -TNAU, 10 10 suitable for Villupuram district Coimbatore

under rainfed condition (2010) CSV 29- UAS, Bangaluru (2012) Bhendi Assessment of bhendi hybrid CO 4-TNAU, suitable for Villupuram District Coimbatore (2016) 5 5 Arka Nikita- IIHR, Bangaluru (2017) Maize Assessment of Management ICAR-IIMR, 5 5 Integrated Pest Modules against Maize Fall Ludhiana/ Management Army Worm DPPS&Q (2018) Paddy Assessment of drought Pusa hydrogel- 10 10 management technologies in IARI, New Delhi Integrated Crop paddy (2012) Management PPFM-TNAU, Coimbatore (2015) Tuberose Assessment of Management Seed treatment 5 5 Modules against wilt nematode with complex in tuberose Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/kg of seed + Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2.5 kg Integrated Disease /IIHR (2018) Management Seed treatment and soil application with Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens + Paceliomyces lilacinus NBAIR (2018) Small Scale - - - - - Income Generation Enterprises Weed - - - - - Management Assessment of various Biomineralizer- 10 10 decomposer in Sugarcane trash TNAU, Resource composting Coimbatore Conservation (2008) Technology Waste decomposer- NCOF (2015) Farm Machineries - - - - -

Integrated - - - - - Farming System Seed / Plant - - - - - production Post Harvest - - - - - Technology / Value addition Drudgery - - - - - Reduction Storage Technique - - - - - Tapioca Assessment of Fertilizer 100 % NPK 5 5 requirement in intercropping Fertilizer system of cassava with Two rows of groundnut groundnut intercrop with the spacing of 30 cm X 10 cm between two rows of Cassava (90 cm X 90 cm) CPCRI, (2007) Cropping system 75 % NPK Fertilizer Two rows of groundnut intercrop with the spacing of 30 cm X 10 cm between two rows of Cassava (90 cm X 90 cm) CPCRI, (2009) Total 60 60 ii) Summary of technologies assessed under livestock by KVKs: Nil iii) Summary of technologies assessed under various enterprises by KVKs: Nil

3. C. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN DETAIL (2019-20)

3. C.1. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN DETAIL

1. Thematic area : Varietal Evaluation 2. Title : Quality assessment of saline tolerant rice varieties for Villupuram district 3. Scientists involved: Dr. M. Jayanthi, Training Assistant (Seed Science and Technology) 4. Details of farming situation: Salinity is a major problem in parts of Vanur and Marakanam blocks of Villupuram district. The soil type is sandy loam and having fertility status of 240:18:160 kg of NPK /ha. The salinity status of soil is 1.9 dSm-1 and having PH range of 7.3 - 8.1. The normal area under salinity in Marakkanm and Vanur blocks is 436.36 ha. Marakkanam block received 640 mm of rainfall within 22 rainy days during the cropping period. Paddy is cultivated in Vanur and Marakkanam block under irrigated conditions.

5. Problem definition / description:

Salinity is a major problem in parts of Vannur and Marakkanam blocks of Villupuram district which tends to occur in low coastal regions and semi-arid inland saline areas. Salinity affects rice growth include reduced germination rate, reduced plant height and tillering, poor root growth and increased spikelet sterility which lead to heavy yield loss.

6. Technology Assessed: TO1 : TNAU Rice TRY 3 (TNAU 2010) Parentage - ADT 43 / Jeeraga Samba; Duration (days) – 135; Season - Samba / Late Samba / Thaladi; Yield (Kg/ha) - 5833 / ha; Grain type - Medium bold grain; Rice color - white rice; Special features - Resistant to leaf folder, stem borer, brown plant hopper, blast, brown spot, sheath rot and sheath blight TO2 : CSR 36 (CSSRI, 2005) Duration: 135 days;Long slender grains;Yield : 4.0 t/ha

Farmers Practice (ADT 37)

7. Critical inputs given: Technology Qty per Cost per No. of Total cost Name of citical input Assessed trial trial (Rs.) trials (Rs.) Farmers Practice 10 (0.5 ac 11300 TO1 : TNAU Rice TRY 3 per trial) Seeds 2 kg 80 TO2 : CSR 36 Seeds 2 kg 80 Testing fee 2000 Grand total for one 2160 trial Field board 500

8. Results: Table : Performance of the technology No.of Yield Net Return Technology Option B:C ratio trials (t/ha) (Rs. in lakh./ha) Farmers Practice (ADT 37) 10 3.72 0.25070 1.73 Technology 1 TNAU Rice TRY 3 4.02 0.36110 2.00 Technology 2 CSR 36 3.96 0.35755 2.01

Two saline tolerant rice varieties viz., TRY 3 and CSR 36 introduced in saline areas, Peravur village of Vanur block were studied for their consumer preference and marketing. CSR 36 and TRY 3 recorded grain yield of 3960 kg/ha and 4020 kg/ha respectively. Both the varieties are easily lifted by local trader without any hesitation. The grain was sold @ Rs. 18-20/kg in the market. The samples were sent to Community Science College and Research Institute, Madurai to study the nutritional factors and cooking quality of these varieties. Constraints faced: Nil

9. Feed back of the farmers involved: Farmers’ usually growing ADT 37 paddy variety especially for idly making but it is highly susceptible to salinity. After conducting this OFT, farmers were whole heartily satisfied with TRY 3 since it is saline tolerance as well as bold grain type which is preferred by the traders. 10. Feed back to the scientist who developed the technology:  TRY 3 variety recorded higher yield compared to CSR 36 and ADT 37.  TRY 3 is resistant to blast and stem borer compared to other variety.  It has high milling recovery (66%)

3.C.2. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN DETAIL

1. Thematic area : Varietal evaluation

2. Title : Assessment of sorghum variety suitable for Villupuram district under rainfed condition

3. Scientists involved: Dr. S. Sangeetha SMS (AEX)

4. Details of farming situation:

Millets are important crop widely cultivating in Mugaiyur, Vallam and Vannur blocks of Villupuram district. Sorghum, Ragi, Pearl millet, Little millet and Porso millets are highly practiced by the farmers under rainfed condition. Sorghum crop is considered as a significant crop by the millet farmer since, it is used as dual purpose that is for grain and fodder. It is suited for semi arid environment. The soil type of Mugaiyur block is sandy loam with fine tilth by giving one to two ploughing for sowing sorghum seeds. About the fertility status of the soil, Nitrogen is low, Phosporous is medium and high Potassium.

5. Problem definition / description: In Villupuram district, most of the Sorghum farmers are adopting local cultivars during July - August (Adipattam) and January – February (Thaipattam). The local cultivar provides very low yield and often subjected to disease infection. The Sorghum farmers are not aware about high yielding Sorghum varieties. Hence, the trial was taken in the villages of Mugaiyur block to assess the suitable Sorghum variety for Villupuram district under rainfed condition. Further, farmers not aware about new high yielding sorghum varieties. Since local cultivars are highly susceptible to diseases.

6. Technology Assessed:

Farmers Practice : Local cultivar TO1 : CO 30 (TNAU, Coimbatore - 2010) Dual purpose sorghum culture TNS 598 (hybrid derivative of the cross APK 1 ×

TNS 291) developed with an objective of combining high grain and fodder yield was released as TNAU sorghum CO 30. It is a tall growing non-lodging tan plant type variety, matures in 100-105 days and remains green even at maturity. The grains are creamy white in colour, borne on medium cylindrical semi- compact ear heads. Average grain yield - 2805 Kg/ha under rain-fed TO2 : CSV 29 (UAS, 2012) Dual purpose sorghum derivative of [GRS 1 x CSV 216R] x CSV 216R. Developed for dryland regions cultivate under rainfed condition. Grain yield - 2553 kg/ha, Fodder Yield - 6791kg/ha. Resistant to charcoal rot and shootfly. Crop duration is 110 days.

7. Critical inputs given:

Technology Source Inputs Quantity Amount No. of Total option (Rs) trials amount (Rs.) TO1 : CO 30 TNAU, 2010 CO 30 seeds 3 kg 150 10 (0.5 3500 Total 150 acre/ trial) TO2 : CSV 29 UAS, 2012 CSR 29 seeds 3 kg 150

Total 150

Total cost for one trial 300 Field board 500

8. Results: B:C ratio Duration No. of Yield Net Return Technology Option (Days) trials (t/ha) (Rs.) Farmers Practice 1.60 5120 1: 37 115-120 Technology 1(CO 30) 10 2.10 6720 1:54 105-107 Technology 2(CSV 29) 1.85 5920 1:47 110-112

Sorghum CO 30 variety recorded higher yield of 2.10 t/ha than the other two varieties. It matured in 105-107 days and the BC ratio is 1.54. The CSV 29 recorded an average yield of 1.85 t/ha matured in 110-112 days and the BC ratio is 1.47. Farmers practicing local cultivar recorded only 1.60 t/ ha and matured in 115 – 120 days. The downy mildew disease and charcoal rot disease incidence were low in both CO 30 and CSV 29 varieties whereas they were considerably observed in farmers practicing local cultivar.

9. Feed back of the farmers involved: Sorghum CO 30 variety recorded high yield and matured early than the other two varieties.

10. Feed back to the scientist who developed the technology: The downy mildew disease and charcoal rot disease incidence were low in both CO 30 and CSV 29 varieties whereas they were considerably observed in farmers practicing local cultivar.

3.C.3. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN DETAIL

1. Thematic area : Varietal Evaluation 2. Title : Assessment of bhendi hybrid suitable for Villupuram District 3. Scientists involved : Dr. M.Prabu Training Assistant (Horticulture)

4. Details of farming situation: Bhendi is all seasonal vegetable crop being cultivated in Villupuram district during kharif and rabi season under irrigated conditions. Villupuram district has geographical access to Chennai, Koyambedu market and able to supply the demand of vegetables in time. Farmers cultivating bhendi in Villupuram district facing problems in identifying suitable high yielding bhendi hybrid. Private varieties and hybrids of bhendi are selling in exorbitant cost and the germination percentage also is too low. Finally, it affects the net income of the bhendi growers by giving low yield. This trial was implemented at Pangulathur village, Olakkur Block. Soil type is typical red soil. The fertility status of soil is N: 200, P: 100, K: 100 kg/ha. The amount of rainfall received is 950 mm with 52 to 61 rainy days.

5. Problem definition / description The major problems faced by the bhendi farmers are unaware about high yield public hybrids and they are growing local and private varieties which are poor germinated and also susceptible to pest and disease and ultimately it affects final yield.

6. Technology Assessed

TO1 : CO 4 (TNAU Coimbatore, 2016) Duration – 110 days; Season – May-June, Feb- Mar, Oct- Nov; Yield – 25 t/ha ; 25-29 fruits/plant, 22\harvest in 110 days; Resistant to YMV TO2 : Arka Nikita (IIHR Bangalore, 2017) Duration – 125 days; Season – May-June, Feb- Mar, Oct- Nov; Yield – 24 t/ha ; Resistant to YMV;Dark green, medium, smooth and tender fruits.

Farmers Practice : Private variety

7. Critical inputs given:

Technology Cost per No. of Total cost Qty per Assessed Name of citical input trial trials (Rs.) trial (Rs.) Farmers Practice 5 (0.25 13700 TO1 : CO 4 ac per Seeds 500 g 1000 trial) Pseudomonas fluorescens 1 kg 100 Azospirillum 100 g 20 Arka Vegetable Special 1 kg 200 Total 1320 TO2 : Arka Nikita Seeds 500 g 1000 Pseudomonas fluorescens 1 kg 100 Azospirillum 100 g 20 Arka Vegetable Special 1 kg 200 Total 1320 Grand total for one trial 2640 Field board 500

8. Results:

Net Returns B:C ratio Number of No.of Yield Technology Option (Rs. in fruits per trials (t/ha) lakh./ha) plant Farmers Practice 20.4 1.258 2.61 21.77 Technology 1 (CO 4) 5 23.7 1.585 3.02 26.67 Technology 2 (Arka Nikita) 22.5 1.466 2.87 24.95

Among the hybrids, Bhendi hybrid CO 4 recorded higher number of fruits per plant and fruit yield which were 26.67 and 23.7 t/ha, respectively, whereas Arka Nikita recorded 24.95 and 22.5 t/ha respectively. Farmers practice (Private variety) registered lowest yield.

Constraints faced: Nil

9. Feed back of the farmers involved:

Farmers are satisfied with bhendi hybrid CO 4 because it’s dark green nature of fruits and its fetches high market price compared to Arka Nikita and farmers variety.

10. Feed back to the scientist who developed the technology: CO 4 and Arka Nikita were performed well under Villupuram district and both are resistance to YMV disease.

3.C.4. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN DETAIL

1. Thematic area : Drought management 2. Title : Assessment of drought management technologies in rice 3. Scientists involved : Dr. S. Ramadass, TA (AGR) 4. Details of farming situation: Rice is cultivated in Villupuram in an area of about 1,60,000 ha during Kharif, Rabi & Summer seasons. Parts of Marakkanam and Vanur blocks, rice are grown as semi dry condition. Rainfed rice sown during September faces typical drought called terminal drought and leads to heavy crop and yield loss. Hence, the suitable drought management practice for rainfed rice was assessed. The trial was laid out at Uppuvellore village of Vanur block. The major soil type in this village is sandy loamy soil. The available N:P:K in soil is 240:20:220 kg/ha. The dry or pregerminated paddy seeds were used to sow before the last ploughing.

5. Problem definition / discription Rice varieties ADT 37, ADT 39, CO 51, BPT 5204 and White Ponni are cultivated during late samba (Sep-Oct) as rainfed rice. Crop during this particular season faces terminal drought after the withdrawal of North East monsoon. To reduce yield loss of rainfed rice, this OFT has been planned and executed.

6. Technology Assessed TO1 : PUSA Hydrogel application (IARI, 2016)

TO2 : PPFM spray (TNAU, 2014)

Farmers Practice

7. Critical inputs given: Technology Cost per No. of Total Assessed Name of citical input Qty per trial trial (Rs.) trials cost (Rs.) Farmers Practice 10 (1 ac 28625 TO1 : PUSA Hydrogel per trial) PUSA Hydrogel 1.5 kg 2212.5 TO2 : PPFM PPFM 2.0 lit 600 Grand total for one 2812.5 trial Field board 500

8. Results:

No.of Net Return B:C ratio Technology Option Yield (t/ha) trials (Rs./ha) Farmers Practice 4.63 0.41563 2.63 Technology 1(PUSA Hydrogel 5.85 0.56854 3.03 10 application) Technology 2 (PPFM spray) 5.69 0.55976 3.11

PUSA hydrogel applied field recorded higher grain yield (58.52 q/ha) and earned high net return (Rs. 56854/ha) when compared to PPFM spray (56.88 q/ha and Rs.55976/ha respectively). But, PPFM sprayed field recorded higher B:C ratio (3.11) than the PUSA hydrogel applied field because of its higher cost. Both PPFM spray and Pusa hydrogel application recorded higher yield of 58.52 q/ha and 56.9 q/ha which were 26 and 22% increased over farmers practice.

9. Feed back of the farmers involved: Farmers realized that the terminal drought in rainfed rice can be managed with PPFM and hydrogel but both are not available in the local market. Further, farmers opined about higher cost of hydrogel. 10. Feed back to the scientist who developed the technology: Under rainfed situations, both hydrogel and PPFM performed well, but hydrogel applied fields’ helps to save one irrigation. Further, the crop performance also good when compared to PPFM sprayed field.

3.C.5. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN DETAIL

1. Thematic area : Cropping system 2. Title : Assessment of fertilizer requirement in intercropping system of cassava with groundnut 3. Scientists involved : Dr.M.Prabu, Training Assistant (Horticulture)

4. Details of farming situation: Cassava is one of the major commercial crops which is being cultivated in Villupuram district in an area of around 13,315 ha. Cassava is an annual crop normally planting in the month of January and harvesting is being done during the month of December. So, the trial has been planned and executed during the month of January and planting was completed in January. Due to fluctuation in market price of cassava, farmers are being end up in trouble. To increase the profit in cassava cultivation, intercropping is one of the viable options. Hence, the suitable intercrop in cassava cultivation was assessed during 2017-18 with groundnut and cowpea. Cassava intercropped with groundnut recorded higher net income (Rs.1,13,676/-) when compared to Cassava alone (Rs.70,540/-). Moreover, there is no significant variation in the yield of main crop cassava between the sole crop and intercrop system. In continuation of this study, On Farm Trial on “Assessment of fertilizer requirement in intercropping system of cassava with groundnut” has been conducted at Ranganathapuram village of Vanur block comprising of 10 farmers during 2019-20. The main crop of cassava was planted during November 2019 and the groundnut was sown as intercrop during second fortnight of December 2019. The crop was cultivated under irrigated condition. Soil type is typical vertisol (Black soil). The fertility status of soil is N: 260 P: 19 K: 280 kg/ha. The annual average rainfall of this village is 1050 mm with 52 to 61 rainy days.

5. Problem definition / discription Due to fluctuation in market price of cassava, farmers are being end up in trouble. To increase the profit in cassava cultivation, intercropping is one of the viable options. Groundnut intercropping is the viable option to increase the net income of the farmers. But, economic part of the both crops is developed in the soil. Hence, the fertilizer requirement has to be assessed for both main crop and intercrop then only farmers can earn more income per unit area.

6. Technology Assessed Farmers Practice : Sole crop TO1 : 100 % NPK Fertilizer Two rows of groundnut intercrop with the spacing of 30 cm X 10 cm between two rows of cassava (90 cm X 90 cm) (CPCRI, 2007) TO2 : 75 % NPK Fertilizer Two rows of groundnut intercrop with the spacing of 30 cm X 10 cm between two rows of cassava (90 cm X 90 cm) (CPCRI,2009)

7. Critical inputs given:

Technology Cost per No. of Total Name of citical Assessed Qty per trial trial (Rs.) trials cost input (Rs.) Farmers Practice 5 (0.5 22100 TO1 : 100% NPK ac per Seed 20 kg 1760 trial) Rhizobium 100 ml 75 Phosphobacteria 100 ml 75 Trichoderma viride 1 kg 250 Total 2160 TO2 : 75% NPK

Seed 20 kg 1760 Rhizobium 100 ml 75 Phosphobacteria 100 ml 75 Trichoderma viride 1 kg 250 Total 2160 Grand total for one 4320 trial Field board 500

8. Results:

Net Return B:C ratio Intercrop No.of Yield Technology Option (Rs. in (groundnut) trials (t/ha) lakh./ha) yield (t/ha) Farmers Practice - Technology 1(Inter Main crop is in vegetative stage to tuber cropping with groundnut) formation stage. Crop will be harvested 1.532 100 % NPK Fertilizer 5 during Dec, 2020 Technology 2(Inter cropping with groundnut) 1.365 75 % NPK Fertilizer

Intercrop of groundnut yielded 15.32 q/ha with 100% NPK fertilizer where as 75% NPK fertilizer applied field recorded 13.65 q/ha. The main crop of cassava is in vegetative to tuber formation stage. The trial is in progress. 9. Feed back of the farmers involved: Farmers realized that the good income earned from intercrop within short period and additionally it gives fodder for livestock.

10. Feed back to the scientist who developed the technology: Good income earned from intercrop within short period and raising groundnut as a intercrop helps to minimize the weed population and maintain good soil condition.

3.C.6. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN DETAIL

1. Thematic area : Integrated Pest management 2. Title : Assessment of management modules against maize fall army worm 3. Scientists involved: Dr.V.K. Satya, SMS (Plant Pathology) 4. Details of farming situation:

Maize is one of the popular cereal crops due to its high value as a stable food, as well as its stover demand for animal feed and fuel and even for construction purposes. Maize is grown both in kharif and rabi seasons in an area of 1,61,000 hain this district, in an area of about 1,61,900 ha. The trial was laid out at Chinnakuppam village of Tirunavallur block. The major crops grown are rice, maize and pulses. The farmers cultivated maize under irrigated condition with the irrigation source of wells. The major soil type in this village is sandy loam soil. The available N:P:K in soil is 180:21:160 kg/ha. The sowing was done during Last week of December 2019. The rainfall received during the cropping period is 220 mm from 9 rainy days.

5. Problem definition / description: The low yield is attributed to a combination of several production constraints mainly lack of improved production technologies such as pest management practices, moisture stress, low fertility and poor cultural practices. More than 40 species of insects have been recorded on maize in the field. Of these pests, spotted stalk borer (Chilo partellus) has long been recognized as key pest, but a more recent invasive species, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), commonly named fall armyworm (FAW), is now the major insect pest causing substantial yield losses of maize. The FAW was intercepted on a few hectares of irrigated maize fields in May, 2018, and is now distributed over in all major maize-growing areas covering all the varieties and hybrids. The yield loss due to fall army worm is ranged from 45-60%.

6. Technology Assessed:

TO1 : • Summer ploughing • Seed treatment with Fortezaduo (Cyantraniliprole + Thiamethoxam) @ 4 ml/Kg • Border crop with grain sorghum as trap crop & legume intercrop • Collection and destruction of Egg masses • Installation of S. frugiperda pheromone traps @ 4 no’s/ac • Azadirachtin 10000 ppm spray at 10 to 15 DAS • EPN or Bt @ 2g/lt at 15 – 21 DAS • Spray of Insecticide – 21 -28 & 36-42 DAS • Spray of Metarhizium anisopliae (1x107)@ 2ml/lt 30-35 DAS • Poison baiting @ 45 -65 DAS Thiodicarb 75WP @ 2g/lt (ICAR-IIMR, Ludhiana/ DPPS&Q, 2018) Farmers Practice

Critical inputs given:

Technology Name of the critical Quantity per Cost per No. of Total Assessed input trial trial (Rs) trials cost (Rs.) Farmers 5 (acre/ 11765 practices trail) TO 1 Fortenzaduo 32 ml 800 (Cyantraniliprole + Thiamethoxam) 4 ml/kg Metarhizium anisopliae 1 kg 225

Pheromone traps 4 Nos 226 Neem formulations 1 % 500 ml 950 (10000 ppm) Grain sorghum & cowpea 400 g 52 seeds Total 2253 Field board 500

8. Results:

Net Return B:C ratio No.of Yield Technology Option (Rs. in trials (t/ha) lakh./ha) Farmers Practice 4.96 0.36099 1.57 Technology 1(Seed 7.12 0.80780 2.32 treatment+intercrop+neem cake 5 application+pheromone traps and need based insecticide sprays)

Other parameters No. of fall army Pheromone Technology Option worm/ Plant catches/trap/week Farmers Practice 47.2 0 Technology 1(Seed treatment+intercrop+nemm cake application+pheromone traps and need based insecticide sprays) 16.4 6.06 Nos.

Fall army worm is the major threat in cultivation of maize. Farmers are used to spray unrelated pesticides to control the fall army worm incidence. Seed treatment Fortezaduo @ 4 ml/kg + Border crop with grain sorghum as trap crop & legume intercrop + pheromone trap installation + first spray with Azadirachtin 10000 ppm @ 1ml/lt at 15 days + second spray with Metarhizium anisopliae @ 2ml/lt at 30-35 DAS + third spray with Spinetoram @ 0.5ml/lt at 40-45 days after sowing reduced the fall army worm incidence upto 65.25% over control (farmers practice) and recorded the yield of 7.12 t/ha which was 43.54% increase over control (4.96 t/ha). Pheromone traps catches was 6.06 adults trap/week and it was very effective method to trap the adults resulting reduction in number of insecticides sprays.

9. Feedback of the farmers involved:

Among the management practices, farmers realized the importance of pheromone traps which is effective in management of Fall army worm 10. Feed back to the scientist who developed the technology:

IPDM module helps to save the maize crop to the extent of 43% from Fall army worm infection.

3. C. 7. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN DETAIL

1. Thematic area: Pest and disease management 2. Title : Assessment of management modules against wilt nematode complex in tuberose 3. Scientists involved: Dr.V.K. Satya, SMS (Plant Pathology)

4. Details of farming situation: Tuberose is commercially cultivated about 90 ha in Villupuram district at open field conditions for its fragrant flowers. The loose flowers are used in garlands and floral decorations while spikes are used as cut flowers. The trial was laid out at Muttiyur village of Mailam block. The farmers cultivated tuberose under irrigated condition with the irrigation source of well. The major soil type in this village is sandy loamy soil. The available N:P:K in soil is 160:23:240 kg/ha. The land is prepared with two ploughing to give a fine tilth to soil. The farm yard manure @ 12.5 t/ha is applied at the time of last ploughing. The bulbs were treated with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/kg for better establishment of seedlings. The sowing was taken during last week of July 2019. The rainfall received during the cropping period is 910 mm from 22 rainy days. 5. Problem definition / description: Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is one of the important factors affecting commercial cultivation of tuberose. It was found to reduce the yield of the crop by more than 10%. Further, it was observed to make the plants highly susceptible to attack by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Recent surveys also indicated the widespread nature of this nematode in most of the fields where tuberose is cultivated. Hence, the management modules for management of nematodes in tuberose were assessed.

6. Technology Assessed:

TO1 : IIHR, 2018  Bulb treatment with P. fluorescens & T. asperellum each @ 10g/kg

 T. asperellum + P. fluorescens + Paecilomyces lilacinus each @ 2 kg / tonne of FYM for enrichment & applied before planting or For standing crop biopesticides enriched neem cake 100kg/ac – Once in three months

TO2 : NBAIR, 2018  Bulb treatment with P. fluorescens & T. asperellum each @ 10g/kg

 Application Pochonia chlamydosporia @ 2 kg/ac along with Neem cake 100kg/ac repeated once in three months

Farmers Practice : Farm yard manure application and spraying of insecticides

7. Critical inputs given: Technology Cost per No. of Total Qty per Assessed Name of citical input trial (Rs.) trials cost trial (Rs.) Farmers Practice 5 (1 ac 22700 TO1 : P. fluorescens & T. asperellum+ Paecilomyces per P. fluorescens 3 kg 660 trial)

T. viride 3 kg 660 Paecilomyces lilacinus 6 kg 900 Total 2220 TO2 : P. fluorescens & T. asperellum+ Pochonia P. fluorescens 3 kg 660 T. viride 3 kg 660 Pochonia chlamydosporia 6 kg 900 Total 2220 Grand total for one trial 4440 Field board 500

8. Results:

Net Return B:C ratio No.of Yield Technology Option (Rs. in trials (t/ha) lakh./ha) Farmers Practice 6.510 3.81850 2.42 Technology 1(Bulb treatment + Soil 7.772 5.05540 2.86 application of T. asperellum + P. fluorescens + Paecilomyces lilacinus each @ 2 kg /) 5  Technology 2(Bulb treatment with P. 7.808 5.10211 2.89 fluorescens & T. asperellum each @ 10g/kg + Application Pochonia chlamydosporia @ 2 kg/ac)

Other parameters Technology Option Wilt(%) Nematodes in 100 cc soil Farmers Practice 27.40 58.8 Technology 1(Bulb treatment + Soil application of T. asperellum + P. fluorescens + Paecilomyces lilacinus each @ 2 8.20 24.8 kg /acre) Technology 2(Bulb treatment with P. fluorescens & T. asperellum each @ 10g/kg + Application Pochonia 7.20 23.4 chlamydosporia @ 2 kg/ac)

Bulb treatment with P. fluorescens & T. asperellum each @ 10g/kg + Soil application of T. asperellum + P. fluorescens + Paecilomyces lilacinus each @ 2 kg /acre mixed with 50 kg FYM/ha at 30 & 60 DAS or Bulb treatment with P. fluorescens & T. asperellum each @ 10g/kg + Application of Pochonia chlamydosporia @ 2 kg/ac) reduced the nematode population to 70% and 73% respectively, over control (farmers practice) and wilt incidence to 58% and 60%, respectively over control (farmers practice) and recorded the yield of 7.77 t/ha and 7.80 t/ha which is 20% increased over control (6.51 t/ha).

9. Feedback of the farmers involved: Bulb treatment with P. fluorescens & T. asperellum each @ 10g/kg + Soil application of T. asperellum + P. fluorescens + Paecilomyces lilacinus each @ 2 kg /acre mixed with 50 kg FYM/ha at 30 & 60 DAS or Bulb treatment with P. fluorescens & T. asperellum each @ 10g/kg + Application of Pochonia chlamydosporia @ 2 kg/ac) reduced the nematode population and wilt incidence.

10. Feed back to the scientist who developed the technology: Bulb treatment with P. fluorescens & T. asperellum each @ 10g/kg + Soil application of T. asperellum + P. fluorescens + Paecilomyces lilacinus each @ 2 kg /acre mixed with 50 kg FYM/ha at 30 & 60 DAS or Bulb treatment with P. fluorescens & T. asperellum each @ 10g/kg + Application of Pochonia chlamydosporia @ 2 kg/ac) reduced the nematode population and wilt incidence.

3.C.8. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN DETAIL

1. Thematic area : Crop management 2. Title : Assessment of various decomposer in sugarcane trash composting 3. Scientists involved: Dr. S. Sangeetha SMS (AEX) 4. Details of farming situation: Sugarcane is an important commercial crop widely cultivating in Villupuram District. The sugarcane plant requires steady irrigation for its growing period of 8 months to 12 months. The depleting soil health and crop productivity in the sugarcane cultivating area of Kanai block is a major concern because of reduced yields. Although soil fertility is closely linked to the physical and chemical characteristics of the environment, it is strongly influenced by human management practices. One such practice followed by farmers is burning trash after the harvest of sugarcane and which lead to environmental pollution and nutritional loss presents in Suagarcane trash. Hence it was proposed to assess various decomposer in Sugarcane trash composting ie, TNAU Biomineralizer and Waste decomposer. TNAU biomineralizer is the consortium of microorganism recommended for composting all the agro wastes. For one ton of trash, two kg inoculums are recommended. Waste decomposer composer contains beneficial microorganisms from Desi cow dung for soil health reviver. It can be used for quick composting from organic waste, soil health improvement and as plant protection agent

5. Problem definition / description: Farmers usually burn the trash with the opinions that its management is laborious, will reduce germination and hinders routine ratoon cultivation practices. Further, most of the organic matter and nutrients in the trash are lost, leading to environmental pollution. On the other hand farmers apply huge quantity of fertilizers to meet the nutrient requirement of crop.

6. Technology Assessed:

Farmers Practice : Nil TO1 : TNAU Biomineralizer (TNAU, 2008) TO2 : Waste decomposer (NCOF, 2015)

7. Critical inputs given: Technology Source Inputs Qty Amount No. of Total option (Rs) trials amount (Rs) TO1 : TNAU, TNAU Biomineralizer 2 kg 100.00 10 2700.00 TNAU 2008 (25 cent Biomineralizer Total 100.00 /trial) TO2 : Waste NCOF, 2015 Waste decomposer 30 g 20.00 decomposer Total 20.00 Total cost for one trial 120.00 Field board 500.00

8. Results:

Compost Duration of CN Ratio No.of Technology Option Yield composting trials Before After (t/ha) process Farmers Practice (NIL) - - Technology 1(TNAU 1.05 75 days 420 : 4.1 15 : 1 Biomineralizer) 10 Technology 2(Waste 1.25 62 days 420 : 4.1 18 : 1 decomposer)

Both the decomposer ie., TNAU biomineralizer and Waste decomposer performed well in decomposing the Sugarcane trash. The composting process is faster in waste decomposer applied sugarcane heap than the TNAU Biomineralizer. The waste decomposer took only 62 days to decompose whereas TNAU biomineralizer took 75 days in average to decompose the sugarcane trash. Waste decomposer applied sugarcane trash heap yields 1.25 tonnes of compost and TNAU Biomineralizer yields 1.05 tonnes of compost.

9. Feed back of the farmers involved: The composting process is faster in waste decomposer applied sugarcane heap than the TNAU Biomineralizer applied heap.

10. Feed back to the scientist who developed the technology: Waste decomposer applied sugarcane trash heap yields 1.25 tonnes of compost and TNAU Biomineralizer yields 1.05 tonnes of compost. Multiplication of microorganism is possible in Waste decomposer hence farmer need not to go for new purchase.

3.D. FRONTLINE DEMONSTRATION a. Follow-up of FLDs implemented during previous years S. Crop/Enterprise Thematic Technology demonstrated Details of popularization methods Horizontal spread of No Area suggested to the Extension system technology No. of No. of Area villages farmers in ha 1. Paddy Crop Introduction of Paddy variety CO 52 in Field day was conducted in the FLD village 2 50 25 production Villupuram district and shown the positive performance result of Paddy CO 52 variety 2. Blackgram Crop Introduction of blackgram variety Training programme organized improved 12 320 720 production VBN (Bg) 8 for Villupuram district production technologies of Pulses 3. Snake Gourd Crop Demonstration of newly released Field day was conducted in the FLD village 1 40 5 Production Snake Gourd hybrid COH 1 and shown the positive performance result of this variety 4. Watermelon Crop Demonstration on Integrated pest and Method demonstration on soil application of 5 42 18 protection disease management in watermelon biocontrol agents and setting up of traps. Message given to extension functionaries in the monthly zonal workshop 5. Turmeric Crop Integrated pest disease and nematode Crop is harvested during Jan, 2021 2 30 14 protection management in Turmeric 6. Groundnut Crop Eco-friendly management of soil borne Method demonstration on soil application of 2 42 15 protection diseases in groundnut biocontrol agents. Message given to extension functionaries in the monthly zonal workshop 7. Bitter gourd Crop Integrated pest and disease Method demonstration on soil application of 4 75 10 protection management practices in bitter gourd biocontrol agents and setting up of traps. Message given to extension functionaries in the monthly zonal workshop 8. Dairy cows Livestock Demonstration of teat protect spray for Method demonstrations, Training 2 100 40 management prophylaxis of sub clinical mastitis Nos 9. Dairy cows Livestock Demonstration on detection and Method demonstrations, Training 2 25 20 management management of ketosis in high yielding Nos dairy cows

b. Details of FLDs

Sl. Crop Thematic area Technology Season Source Area (ha) No. of Reasons for No. Demonstrated and year of funds farmers/demonstration shortfall in Proposed Actual SC/ST Others Total achievement 1. Introduction of paddy ICAR 6 6 5 10 15 - Varietal Paddy variety ADT 53 in Rabi, introduction Villupuram District 2019-20 2. Introduction of ICAR 4 4 - 10 10 - blackgram variety VBN Varietal Blackgram 8 under summer irrigated introduction condition for Villupuram Summer, district 2020 3. Introduction of newly ICAR 1.6 1.6 - 10 8 - Varietal released greengram Greengram introduction variety VBN 4 for Rabi, Villupuram district 2019-20 4. Introduction of BSR 2 ICAR 1 1 5 - 5 - Varietal Groundnut groundnut variety in Rabi, introduction Villupuram District 2019-20 5. Demonstration of newly ICAR 1 1 - 10 10 - Bottle Varietal released variety PLR 2 gourd introduction bottle gourd in Rabi, Villupuram district 2019-20 6. Demonstration of newly ICAR 1 1 - 10 10 - Varietal released variety CO 1 Jasmine introduction Star jasmine in Rabi, Villupuram district 2019-20 7. Demonstration of pre ICAR 6 6 - 10 15 - Weed and post emergence Paddy Management herbicides in direct Rabi, seeded rice- 2019-20

8. Demonstration on ICAR 4 4 - 10 10 - Integrated application of foliar Blackgram nutrient nutrition to enhance Rabi, management yield in Pulses 2019-20 9. Demonstration of ICAR 2 2 - 10 10 - Resource Groundnut biochar application in Rabi, Conservation groundnut 2019-20 10. Demonstration of ICAR 2 2 - 10 10 - Cropping Tapioca intercropping system in Rabi, System tapioca with small onion 2019-20 11. Protray seedling ICAR 4 4 - 10 10 - Integrated crop Turmeric production for turmeric Rabi, management in Villupuram District 2019-20 12. Demonstration on ICAR 4 4 5 5 10 - Integrated pest Integrated pest and Paddy and disease disease management in Rabi, management paddy 2019-20 13. Integrated pest Integrated pest and ICAR 1 1 - 10 10 - Brinjal and disease disease Management in Rabi, management Brinjal 2019-20 14. Integrated pest Integrated pest and ICAR 1 1 - 10 10 - Jasmine and disease disease Management in Rabi, management Jasmine 2019-20 2018-19 1 Demonstration of ICAR 2 2 5 10 15 - Varietal Cowpea cowpea variety VBN 3 Rabi, introduction in Villupuram district 2019-20 2 Demonstration of ICAR 0.2 0.2 - 5 5 - Water Varietal ArkaAkash water melon Rabi, melon introduction hybrid 2019-20

c. Details of farming situation

Crop Season Farming Soil type Status of soil Previous Sowing date Harvest date Seasonal No. of situation crop rainfall rainy N P K (RF/Irrigated) (mm) days Paddy Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Clay loam 220 25 160 Pulses 25.10.2019 02.03.2020 280 20 Blackgram Summer, 2020 Irrigated Red sandy loam 190 18 120 Oilseeds 30.04.2020 Standing crop 125 9 Greengram Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Red sandy loam 250 20 160 Pulses 14.12.2019 16.03.2020 845 29 Groundnut Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Sandy loam 190 22 150 Paddy 18.11.2019 30.03.2020 190 17 Bottle gourd Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Sandy loam 220 25 160 Snake gourd 12.11.2019 25.03.2020 185 16 Jasmine Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Sandy loam 280 18 220 Pulses 28.11.2019 30.03.2020 190 15 Paddy Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Clay loam 240 18 160 Pulses 16.10.2019 24.02.2020 310 22 Blackgram Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Red sandy loam 180 22 180 Oilseeds 26.11.2019 01.03.2020 828 30 Groundnut Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Sandy loam 220 25 160 Paddy 15.12.2019 12.04.2020 110 6 Tapioca Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Sandy loam 240 22 120 Groundnut 21.12.2019 Standing crop 112 5 Turmeric Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Sandy loam 290 16 180 Pulses 12.04.2020 Standing crop 15 2 Paddy Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Clay loam 190 22 150 Pulses 25.08.2019 23.01.2020 720 52 Brinjal Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Sandy loam 270 14 160 Chilli 26.08.2019 2.03.2020 720 52 Jasmine Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Sandy loam 280 18 220 Pulses 29.07.2019 28.03.2020 720 52 2018-19 Cowpea Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Sandy loam 240 18 160 Pulses 29.12.2019 28.03.2020 120 5 Water melon Rabi, 2019-20 Irrigated Sandy loam 220 30 170 Paddy 26.11.2019 12.03.2020 190 15

41 d. Technical Feedback on the demonstrated technologies

S.No Crop Feed back

1. Paddy Paddy ADT 53 recorded higher yield of 60.3 q/ha which is 9% increased over local variety (55.5 q/ha) 2. Blackgram The trial is in progress 3. Greengram VBN 4 Greengram variety recorded the yield of 8.10 q/ha which is 47 % increase over the farmer variety local cultivar. The demo variety VBN 4 is non -shattering and synchronous maturity and resistant to Yellow Mosaic Virus 4. Groundnut Groundnut BSR 2 recorded higher yield of 20.54 q/ha which is 14% increased over local variety (18 q/ha) 5. Bottle gourd Farmers obtained of 389 q/ha of yield from bottle gourd PLR 2 whereas, in farmers practice the yield was 330 q/ha. The bottle gourd PLR 2 yield is 18 % higher than the farmers practice. 6. Jasmine Farmers obtained of 62 q/ha of yield from star jasmine whereas, in farmers practice the yield was 48 q/ha. The star jasmine yield is 29 % higher than the farmers practice. 7. Paddy Pre and post emergence herbicides application of Bensulfuron methyl and Bispyribac sodium recorded higher yield of 64.3q/ha which was 20% increased over farmers practice (53.5 q/ha). 8. Blackgram Nutrigold foliar applied VBN 8 blackgram variety recorded the yield of 8.56 q/ha which is 26 % increase over the without foliar application. The demo variety VBN 8 is highly resistant to Yellow Mosaic Virus 9. Groundnut Biochar application in groundnut recorded higher yield of 30.4 q/ha which was 16% increased over farmers practice (26.2 q/ha). 10. Tapioca Farmers obtained yield of 44.5q/ha from onion intercrop and the main crop of tapioca is in vegetative to tuber formation stage. 11. Turmeric The crop is in seedling stage and the trial is in progress. 12. Paddy Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @10g/kg + setting up of pheromone traps @ 12/ac for stem borer+ Release of egg parasitoids, Trichogramma japanicum and T. chilonis @2cc/ac+ Need based spray of chlorantraniliprole @0.5 ml/lt reduced the pest and disease incidence and increased the yield of 53.1 q/ha which is 23% increased over control (43.3 q/ha). 13. Brinjal Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @2.5 kg/ha + setting up of pheromone traps @ 12/ac and yellow sticky traps @ 12 nos/acre + Need based spray of neem based pesticides, neem oil 3% reduced the pest and disease incidence and increased the yield of 37.94 q/ha which is 32% increased over control (28.74 q/ha). 14. Jasmine Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @2.5 kg/ha + setting up of pheromone traps @ 12/ac and yellow sticky traps @ 12 nos/acre + Foliar spray of Bacillus thuringiensis @ 2g/lt+Need based spray of neem based pesticides, neem oil 3% reduced the pest and disease incidence and increased the yield of 75.51 q/ha which is 20% increased over control (62.85q/ha). 2018-19 1 Cowpea Cowpea VBN 3 recorded higher yield of 8.9 q/ha which is 27% increased over local variety (7 q/ha) 2 Water melon Farmers obtained of 58.5 q/ha of yield from Arka akash which was 26 % higher than the farmers practice (46.5 q/ha).

42 e. Farmers’ reactions on specific technologies

S.No Crop Feed back

1. Paddy Paddy ADT 53 gave more yield and also short duration when compared to other varieties. 2. Blackgram The trial is in progress. 3. Greengram The major problem of Yellow mosaic virus was observed low in Greengram VBN 4 variety and also it is non -shattering and synchronous maturity 4. Groundnut Groundnut BSR 2 recorded higher yield when compared to the farmers variety. 5. Bottle gourd PLR 2 fetches high market price and consumer preference because of its size and shape. 6. Jasmine Star jasmine yields higher as compared to ramnad local and it flowers throughout the year. It gives regular income during lean season also. 7. Paddy Pre and post emergence application of herbicides in paddy reduced the weed population and also reduced the weeding cost. 8. Blackgram Foliar application of Nutrigold arrested the flower droppings and increased the yield. 9. Groundnut Biochar application in groundnut conserved the soil moisture and increased the yield. 10. Tapioca Onion intercrop in tapioca gave an additional income per unit area. The trial is in progress 11. Turmeric The trial is in progress 12. Paddy Integrated pest and disease management in paddy is effective in management of pest and disease incidence. Number of pesticides spray has been reduced thereby cost of cultivation also reduced. This management practices are being adopted by the other fellow farmers also. 13. Brinjal Integrated pest and disease management in brinjal is effective in management of pest and disease incidence. Number of pesticides spray has been reduced thereby cost of cultivation also reduced. This management practices are being adopted by the other fellow farmers also. 14. Jasmine Integrated pest and disease management in jasmine is effective in management of pest and disease incidence. Number of pesticides spray has been reduced thereby cost of cultivation also reduced. This management practices are being adopted by the other fellow farmers also. 2018-19 1 Cowpea Cowpea VBN 3 recorded higher yield and highly preferred by the consumers. 2 Water melon Arka akash gave high yield when compared to the private hybrids.

f. Extension and Training activities under FLD

No. of activities Remarks Sl.No. Activity Date Number of participants organised 1 Field days - - - - 2 Farmers Training 2 07.11.2019 25 - 20.03.2020 40 3 Media coverage - - - - 4 Training for extension functionaries - - - -

g. Performance of Frontline demonstrations

i) Frontline demonstrations on crops

Name of the No. Yield (q/ha) % Economics of demonstration Economics of check Thematic technology Variety/ Hybrid of Area Increa (Rs./ha) (Rs./ha) Crop Area demonstrated Domo Check Farm (ha) Demo se in Gross Gross Net BCR Gross Gross Net BCR Check ers High Low Average yield Cost Return Return (R/C) Cost Return Return (R/C) Blackgram Crop Demonstration VBN 8 VBN 8 10 4 8.90 7.81 8.56 6.8 26 32500 92420 59920 2.8 34800 82400 47600 2.3 management on application of foliar nutrition to enhance yield in Pulses Cowpea Varietal Demonstration VBN 3 CO 6 5 2 9.60 8.03 8.9 7.00 26 25031 48836 23804 1.91 23851 38368 14517 1.6 Demonstrati of cowpea on variety VBN 3 in Villupuram District Oilseeds Groundnut Varietal Introduction of BSR 2 VRI 2 5 2 21.50 19.8 20.54 18.00 14.7 34800 91650 56850 2.64 33130 70800 37670 2.05 Demonstrati Newly released on Groundnut Variety BSR 2 in Villupuram district Groundnut Moisture Demonstration TMV TMV 14 10 2 32.2 28.6 30.4 26.2 16.03 28500 91200 62700 3.20 28000 78600 50600 2.81 conservation of biochar 14 application in groundnut Cereals Paddy Varietal Introduction of ADT 53 ADT 37 15 4 62.2 58.4 60.3 55.5 8.64 43300 150433 107133 3.5 42800 134000 91200 3.13 Demonstrati Paddy variety on ADT 53 in Villupuram District Paddy Weed Demonstration BPT BPT 10 4 68.2 60.4 64.3 53.5 20.19 27500 80375 52875 2.92 30000 66875 36875 2.23 management of pre and post 5204 5204 emergence herbicides in direct seeded rice

Name of the No. Yield (q/ha) % Economics of demonstration Economics of check Thematic technology Variety/ Hybrid of Area Increa (Rs./ha) (Rs./ha) Crop Area demonstrated Domo Check Farm (ha) Demo se in Gross Gross Net BCR Gross Gross Net BCR Check ers High Low Average yield Cost Return Return (R/C) Cost Return Return (R/C) Paddy Integrated Demonstration BPT BPT 10 4 42.8 61.2 53.07 43.3 23 41906 95526 53620 2.28 40825 73610 32785 1.80 Pest and on Integrated 5204 5204 disease pest and disease management management in paddy Commercial crops Tapiocca+On Intercroppin Demonstration Tapiocc Tapiocca 10 0.4 48.6 40.4 44.5 - - 20000 89000 69000 4.45 Tapioca will be harvested during ion* g system of tapioca a + CO only (Addl. (Addl. (Addl. Dec, 2020. intercropping (On) 4 Cost) Gross Net with small onion Return) Return) Millets Nil Vegetables Bottle gourd Varietal Introduction of PLR 2 Private 10 1.0 402 376 389 330 10.5 42136 155240 113104 3.68 40836 132040 91204 3.2 Demonstrati Bottle gourd variety on variety PLR 2 in Villupuram District Brinjal Integrated Integrated pest Bhavan Bhavani 10 1.0 316 465 379 287 32 105208 569100 463893 5.41 106326 431100 324774 4.05 pest and and disease i disease Management in management Brinjal Fruits Plantation crops Spices and condiments Turmeric Crop Protray seedling Salem Salem 10 4 The Crop will be harvested during Jan, 2021 management production for local local trial is turmeric in in Villupuram progre District ss Flowers

ii) Frontline demonstrations on Livestock : Nil

iii) Frontline demonstrations on Fisheries : Nil

iv) Frontline demonstrations on Other enterprises : Nil

v) Frontline demonstrations on Women Empowerment: Nil

vi) Frontline demonstrations on Farm Implements and Machinery : Nil

vii) Frontline demonstrations on Other Enterprise: Kitchen Gardening: Nil

viii) Frontline demonstrations on crop hybrids Yield (q/ha) % Economics of demonstration (Rs./ha) technology Hybrid No. of Area Crop Demo Increase Gross Gross Net BCR demonstrated Variety Farmers (ha) Check High Low Average in yield Cost Return Return (R/C) Water melon Demonstration of ArkaAkash 10 4 60.5 56.5 58.5 46.5 15.6 145666 468000 322334 3.21 ArkaAkash water melon hybrid

47 h) FLDs conducted with the FUNDING OF OTHER SOURCES including CFLD/ATMA/NABARD/other ICAR institutes etc i) Other Source funded FLDS in CROPS

Source Name of the Yield (q/ha) Economics of demonstration Economics of check of Variety/ % Thematic technology No. of Area (Rs./ha) (Rs./ha) Crop fund Hybrid Increase Area demonstrated Farmers (ha) Domo Check Demo in yield Gross Gross Net BCR Gross Gross Net BCR Check High Low Average Cost Return Return (R/C) Cost Return Return (R/C)

ii) Other Source funded FLDS in Livestock : CFLD oilseeds and pulses 2019-20

Category Thematic Name of the No. of No.of Major % Other Economics of Economics of check area technology Farmer Units parameters change parameter demonstration (Rs.) (Rs.) demonstrated (Animal/ Demo Check in major Demo Check Gross Gross Net BCR Gross Gross Net BCR Poultry/ parameter Cost Return Return (R/C) Cost Return Return (R/C) Birds, etc) Cattle Buffalo Dairy Poultry Sheep Goat iii) Other Source funded FLDS in Fisheries : Nil iv) Other Source funded FLDS in Other enterprises : Nil v) Other Source funded FLDS in Women Empowerment : Nil vi) Other Source funded FLDS in Farm Implements and Machinery : Nil

4.TRAINING PROGRAMMES

4.1. Farmers’ Training including sponsored training programmes (on campus) Thematic area No. of Participants courses Others SC/ST Grand Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total I Crop Production Cropping Systems 1 15 15 30 4 6 10 19 21 40 Micro Irrigation/irrigation 1 44 1 45 0 0 44 1 45 Integrated Crop Management 4 191 43 234 39 7 46 230 50 280 Soil & water conservatioin 2 402 300 702 78 55 133 480 355 835 Others (pl specify) Total 8 652 359 1011 121 68 189 773 427 1200 II Horticulture a) Vegetable Crops Production of low value and high valume crops 2 68 2 70 19 19 87 2 89 Total (a) 2 68 2 70 19 19 87 2 89 b) Fruits c) Ornamental Plants d) Plantation crops e) Tuber crops f) Spices g) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants GT (a-g) 2 68 2 70 19 19 87 2 89 III Soil Health and Fertility Management Integrated Nutrient Management 1 130 14 144 11 2 13 141 16 157 Total 1 130 14 144 11 2 13 141 16 157 IV Livestock Production and Management Disease Management 1 32 1 33 32 1 33 Total 1 32 1 33 32 1 33 V Home Science/Women empowerment VI Agril. Engineering VII Plant

Thematic area No. of Participants courses Others SC/ST Grand Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Protection Integrated Pest Management 1 30 2 32 8 8 38 2 40 Total 1 30 2 32 8 8 38 2 40 VIII Fisheries IX Production of Inputs at site Bio-agents production 1 30 1 31 30 1 31 Total 1 30 1 31 30 1 31 X CapacityBuilding and Group Dynamics XI Agro-forestry Production technologies 1 54 56 110 22 22 76 56 132 Total 1 54 56 110 22 22 76 56 132 GRAND TOTAL 15 996 435 1431 181 70 251 1177 505 1682

4.2 Farmers’ Training including sponsored training programmes (off campus) Thematic area No. of Participants courses Others SC/ST Grand Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total I Crop Production Seed production 2 59 7 66 4 4 63 7 70 Integrated Crop Management 3 105 29 134 3 1 4 108 30 138 Soil & water conservatioin 2 648 56 704 648 56 704 Production of organic inputs 1 40 5 45 5 5 45 5 50 Total 8 852 97 949 12 1 13 864 98 962 II Horticulture a) Vegetable Crops Production of low value and high valume crops 3 206 28 234 45 12 57 251 40 291 Protective cultivation Total (a) 3 206 28 234 45 12 57 251 40 291 b) Fruits Training and Pruning 1 40 6 46 2 2 42 6 48 Layout and Management of Orchards

Thematic area No. of Participants courses Others SC/ST Grand Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Cultivation of Fruit 1 40 12 52 40 12 52 Total (b) 2 80 18 98 2 2 82 18 100 c) Ornamental Plants Nursery Management 1 51 33 84 36 36 87 33 120 Total ( c) 1 51 33 84 36 36 87 33 120 d) Plantation crops e) Tuber crops f) Spices Total (f) g) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants GT (a-g) 6 337 79 416 83 12 95 420 91 511 III Soil Health and Fertility Management IV Livestock Production and Management V Home Science/Women empowerment Women empowerment 86 86 86 86 Total 86 86 86 86 VI Agril. Engineering VII Plant Protection Integrated Pest Management 3 85 42 127 8 6 14 93 48 141 Total 3 85 42 127 8 6 14 93 48 141 VIII Fisheries IX Production of Inputs at site Mushroom Production 1 30 30 30 30 Total 1 30 30 30 30 X Capacity Building and Group Dynamics XI Agro-forestry GRAND TOTAL 19 1304 218 1522 103 105 208 1407 323 1730

4.3 Farmers’ Training including sponsored training programmes – CONSOLIDATED (On + Off campus) Thematic area No. of Participants courses Others SC/ST Grand Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total I Crop Production Cropping Systems 1 15 15 30 4 6 10 19 21 40 Micro Irrigation/irrigati on 1 44 1 45 0 0 44 1 45 Seed production 2 59 7 66 4 4 63 7 70 Integrated Crop Management 7 296 72 368 42 8 50 338 80 418 Soil & water conservatioin 4 1050 356 1406 78 55 133 1128 411 1539 Production of organic inputs 1 40 5 45 5 5 45 5 50 Total 16 1504 456 1960 133 69 202 1637 525 2162 II Horticulture a) Vegetable Crops Production of low value and high valume crops 5 274 30 304 64 12 76 338 42 380 Total (a) 5 274 30 304 64 12 76 338 42 380 b) Fruits Training and Pruning 1 40 6 46 2 2 42 6 48 Cultivation of Fruit 1 40 12 52 40 12 52 Total (b) 2 80 18 98 2 2 82 18 100 c) Ornamental Plants Nursery Management 1 51 33 84 36 36 87 33 120 Total ( c) 1 51 33 84 36 36 87 33 120 d) Plantation crops e) Tuber crops f) Spices g) Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Total (g) GT (a-g) 8 405 81 486 102 12 114 507 93 600 III Soil Health and Fertility Management Integrated Nutrient Management 1 130 14 144 11 2 13 141 16 157 Total 1 130 14 144 11 2 13 141 16 157

Thematic area No. of Participants courses Others SC/ST Grand Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total IV Livestock Production and Management Disease Management 1 32 1 33 32 1 33 Total 1 32 1 33 32 1 33 V Home Science/Women empowerment Women empowerment 86 86 86 86 Total 86 86 86 86 VI Agril. Engineering VII Plant Protection Integrated Pest Management 4 115 44 159 16 6 22 131 50 181 Total 4 115 44 159 16 6 22 131 50 181 VIII Fisheries IX Production of Inputs at site Bio-agents production 1 30 1 31 30 1 31 Mushroom Production 1 30 30 30 30 Total 2 60 1 61 60 1 61 X CapacityBuildin g and Group Dynamics XI Agro-forestry Production technologies 1 54 56 110 22 22 76 56 132 Total 1 54 56 110 22 22 76 56 132 GRAND TOTAL 34 2300 653 2953 284 175 459 2584 828 3412

4.4 Training for Rural Youths including sponsored training programmes (On campus) No. of Participants No. of Area of training General SC/ST Grand Total Courses Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Any other (Capacity 1 30 1 31 30 1 31 building programme on biocontrol agents production) TOTAL 1 30 1 31 30 1 31

4.5 Training for Rural Youth including sponsored training programmes (Off campus) No. of Participants No. of Area of training General SC/ST Grand Total Courses Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Any other (Integrated 1 5 22 27 1 1 5 23 28 pest and disease management) TOTAL 1 5 22 27 1 1 5 23 28

4.6 Training for Rural Youths including sponsored training programmes–CONSOLIDATED (On + Off campus) No. of Participants No. of Area of training General SC/ST Grand Total Courses Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Any other 1 30 1 31 - - - 30 1 31 (Capacity building programme on biocontrol agents production) Any other 1 5 22 27 - 1 1 5 23 28 (Integrated pest and disease management) TOTAL 2 35 23 58 1 1 35 24 59

4.7 Training programmes for Extension Personnel including sponsored training programmes (On campus)

No. of Participants No. of Area of training Courses General SC/ST Grand Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Productivity enhancement in field crops 1 12 28 40 6 22 28 18 50 68 Integrated Pest Management 5 198 86 284 11 47 58 209 133 342 Integrated Nutrient management 1 46 12 58 4 5 9 50 17 67 Any other (Drought management techniques) 1 10 28 38 5 22 27 15 50 65 TOTAL 8 266 154 420 26 96 122 292 250 542

4.8 Training programmes for Extension Personnel including sponsored training programmes (off campus) : Nil 4.9 Training programmes for Extension Personnel including sponsored training programmes – CONSOLIDATED (On + Off campus)

.10 Sponsored training programmes

No. of No. of Participants Area of training Courses General SC/ST Grand Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Crop production and management Commercial production of vegetables 3 146 36 182 26 16 42 172 52 224 Production and value addition Others (Loose flower cultivation practices) 1 20 12 32 3 3 23 12 35 Integrated pest and disease management 1 24 6 30 5 5 29 6 35

Total 4 190 54 244 34 16 50 224 70 294 Post harvest technology and value addition Farm machinery Farm machinery, tools and implements 1 11 11 22 2 24 22 13 35 Total 1 11 11 22 2 24 22 13 35 Livestock and fisheries Others (Integrated farming system) 1 23 15 38 2 2 25 15 40 Total 1 23 15 38 2 2 25 15 40 Agricultural Extension Others (Crop insurance) 1 4 26 30 2 10 12 6 36 42 Total 1 4 26 30 2 10 12 6 36 42 GRAND TOTAL 8 217 106 323 60 28 88 277 134 411

4.11 Name of sponsoring agencies involved

4.12 Details of vocational training programmes carried out by KVKs for rural youth

No. of Participants No. of General SC/ST Grand Total Area of training Courses Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Crop production and management Others (Integrated pest and disease management) 1 22 1 23 5 5 27 1 28 Total 1 22 1 23 5 5 27 1 28 Post harvest technology and value addition Grand Total 1 22 1 23 5 5 27 1 28

5. EXTENSION PROGRAMMES 5.1 Extension programmes conducted No. of TOT Exten AL No. of No. of Activities sion programmes farmers Perso nnel Advisory Services 270 395 395 Diagnostic visits 63 113 113 Field Day - - - Group discussions 4 40 40 KisanGhosthi - - - Film Show 4 Self -help groups 2 40 40 KisanMela 1 670 62 732 Exhibition 3 968 968 Scientists' visit to farmers field 63 117 117 Plant/animal health camps 1 116 4 120 Farm Science Club - Ex-trainees Sammelan - Farmers' seminar/workshop - Method Demonstrations 19 214 214 Celebration of important days 3 467 467 Special day celebration - - - Exposure visits 3 98 98 Jal Sakthi Abhiyan awareness programme 14 1836 1836 Parthenium awareness campaign programme conducted at KVK, Tindivanam Campus 3 181 181 Swachhta Hi Sewa 7 182 182 Vigilance awareness 4 301 301 Total 464 5738 66 5804

5.2 Details of other extension programmes Particulars Number Electronic Media (CD./DVD) 1 Extension Literature 12 News paper coverage 11 Popular articles 2 Radio Talks 20 TV Talks - Animal health amps (Number of animals treated) 450 Total 496

6. MOBILE ADVISORY SERVICES

6.1. No of registered farmers on m-kisan portal:

6.2 Details of messages sent through m-kisan portal Types of Other Messages Crop Livestock Weather Marketing Awareness enterprise Total

No of messages No of farmers No of messages No of farmers No of messages No of farmers No of messages No of farmers No of messages No of farmers No of messages No of farmers No of messages No of farmers Text only 8 56656 1 7082 2 14164 13 92066 Voice only Voice & Text Total 8 56656 1 7082 2 14164 13 92066

6.3 MOBILE ADVISORY SERVICES THROUGH OTHERS No of registered farmers: Other Crop Livestock Weather Marketing Awareness enterprise Total

Types of Messages of

No of messages No of farmers No of messages No of farmers No of messages No of farmers No of messages No of farmers No of messages No of farmers No of messages No of farmers No of messages No farmers Text only 92 32384 1 352 10 3520 2 704 10 3520 5 1760 120 42240 Voice only Voice & Text Total 92 32384 1 352 10 3520 2 704 10 3520 5 1760 120 42240

7. DETAILS OF TECHNOLOGY WEEK CELEBRATIONS

Number of Types of Activities No. of Related crop/livestock Participant Activities technology s Gosthies Lectures organized Exhibition Film show Fair Farm Visit Rugose spiraling whitefly in Diagnostic Practicals 2 102 coconut Distribution of Literature (No.) Distribution of Seed (q) Distribution of Planting materials (No.) Bio Product distribution (Kg) Bio Fertilizers (q) Distribution of fingerlings

58 Distribution of Livestock specimen (No.) Total number of farmers visited the technology week

8. PRODUCTION OF SEED/PLANTING MATERIAL AND BIO-PRODUCTS

8.1 Production of seeds by the KVKs (quintal) Seed produced Seed supplied to farmers Seed supplied to Free seed Priced seed other agencies Variet Quan Enterprise Name of crop Value Qu y tity (Rs) ant No of Quan No of (q) ity farm Value tity farm Value Quantit Value (q) ers (Rs) (q) ers (Rs) y (q) (Rs) CEREALS Paddy CO 52 35.4 104625 5.4 3 11625 30 93000 Total Cereals CO 52 35.4 104625 5.4 3 11625 30 93000 OIL SEEDS Sesame TMV 7 1.13 14690 1.01 16 13130 0.12 1560 Total Oil Seds TMV 7 1.13 14690 1.01 16 13130 0.12 1560 Pigeon pea (Red PULSES Gram) Green gram CO 8 4.55 41405 0.27 2 3393 4.44 40404 Black gram VBN 8 170.5 1534500 57.11 182 746978 75.35 668710 Mothbean TMV 1 4.02 28140 3.99 10 27930 0.03 210 Total Pulses 179.07 28140 0 0 0 61.37 194 778301 79.82 709324 FODDER Fodder Sorghum Sunhemp 1.5 9000 1.5 9000 Daincha 2 12000 2 12000 Total Fodder 3.5 21000 3.5 21000 Grand Total of Seeds 219.2 168455 0 0 0 67.78 213 803056 113.44 824884

8.2 Production of planting materials by the KVKs (seedlings, cuttings. Slips in numbers) Planting Planting material material produced Planting material supplied to farmers supplied to Free supply Priced Enterp Name of Vari other agencies rise crop ety Quant Qua No Value ity ntit of No (Rs) (Nos) y far Val Quan of Valu Quan (No mer ue tity farm e tity Value s) s (Rs) (Nos) ers (Rs) (Nos) (Rs) FRUI TS seedlin gs and Mango 33 2310 33 20 2310 Guava 4 200 4 2 200 Total Fruit planting materials 37 2510 0 0 0 37 22 2510 0 0

59 ORNA MENT AL Ornamental 2 30 2 1 30 Total Flowers and Ornamental planting materials 2 30 2 1 30 CROP S Catechu cutting s Mahua 3000 60000 170 3400 Coconut seedlings (Tender 1632 coconut) 1221 16320 1221 20 0 Total forest and plantation 1532 crops 4221 76320 1221 20 0 170 3400 FODD ER Cumbu Napier grass (Co 3, Co 4, COB slips Co 5 etc) N 5 27810 27626 9810 8 9626 18000 18000 Total Fodder crops 27810 27626 9810 8 9626 18000 18000 Grand Total 2848 of Seeds 32070 106486 0 0 0 11070 51 6 18170 21400

8.3 Production of Bio-Products

Bio-products Co produced Bio-products supplied to farmers bio-products mm Free supplied to other Priced erci distribution agencies al Q Cate Name of the na Quant ua gory product Value me ity nt No No (Rs) (if (kg) ity of Val of any (k far ue Qua far Qua ) gs mer (Rs ntity me Value ntity Value ) s ) (kgs) rs (Rs) (kgs) (Rs) Bio- fertil izers Rhyzobium Azolla 16 800 16 26 800 Other Effective Micro Organisms (PPFM) 4 1233 4 3 1233

60 Total biofertilizers 20 2033 20 29 2033 Bio- input s Panchakavya Vermicompost 2411 28457 2161 21 25457 250 3000 Earthworms for vermicompost 4 1600 4 4 1600 Total bio- inputs 2415 30057 2165 25 27057 250 3000 for Trichoderma insec viridi t pests 260 58740 260 58740 Nem Psuedomonas atod es 327.5 72512.3 327.5 72512.3 Total bio- 13125 pesticides 587.5 2.3 587.5 131252.3 Total bio- 16334 products 3022.5 2.3 2185 54 29090 837.5 134252.3

8.4 Production of livestock materials

Variety Production Supplied to farmers Supplied /improv Free to other Priced ed distribution agencies Name of the species Q Cate Qua Valu livestock/fis name/C ua No No Qu gory ntity e h/feed ommer nti of Val of ant Val (No) (Rs) cial ty far ue Qua far Valu ity ue name (N mer (Rs ntity mer e (No (Rs (if any) o) s ) (No) s (Rs) ) ) Dair y cattle Cow Goat and Shee Telliche p Goat rry 2 3630 2 2 3630 Total goat and sheep Poult Nandha ry Desi bird nam 2 13 2900 13 8 2900 Desi bird Nandha egg nam 2 272 2286 272 31 2286 Grand Total Livestock and fishery 287 8816 287 41 8816

61 9. DETAILS OF SOIL, WATER AND PLANT ANALYSIS

No. of Samples No. of No. of Amount realized Samples/ Using Mini Soil Through Farmers Villages (Rs.) SHC Testing Lab Traditional Lab Soil samples 302 298 490 44 13000 Soil Health 302 298 490 44 13000 Cards (SHC)

Samples No.of Samples No.of Farmers No.of Villages Amount realized (Rs.) Water 63 57 57 3150 Total 63 57 57 3150

10. SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Date of SAC meeting Number of members attended 12.02.2020 40

11. PUBLICATIONS Publications in journals

S. No Authors Year Title Journal 1. K. Vadivel, N. 2019 Correlation analysis for Electronic Journal of Plant Manivannan, A. yield, yield components Breeding, 10 (2): 712-716 Mahalingam, V.K. and MYMV disease scores Satya, C. in blackgram (Vigna Vanniarajan and V. mungo(L.) Hepper). R. Saminathan 2. K. Vadivel, N. 2019. Assessment of variability Electronic Journal of Plant Manivannan, A. for seed yield, component Breeding, 10 (2): 732-735 Mahalingam, V.K. characters and MYMV Satya, C. disease resistance in Vanniarajan and V. segregating populations of R. Saminathan. blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

Other publications

S. Item Year Authors Title Publisher No 1 Books 2020 Satya, V.K., Plant protection KVK, Villupuram M.Jayanthi, S. technologies in Ramadass, M. Prabu, agricultural crops S.Sangeetha, M. Balumahendiran, K. Parameswari & M.Jawaharlal

2 Book chapters / Nil manuals 3 Training Nil manuals 4 Conference, Satya, V.K., S. Emphasizing the farmers In Proceeding of V. proceeding Sangeetha, S. in adopting integrated Paranidharan et al.,

62 papers, popular Ramadass, M. Prabu management practices for National Symposium articles, and K. Parameswari managing pests and on Mitigation of Bulletins, Short diseases in Gourds Emerging plant communications disease under changing climate scenario. p 83 Sangeetha, S., K. Assessment of High Book of Abstract., Parameswari, V.K. yielding turmeric varieties eSARD 2019., Satya and M. in Villupuram district of International Jayaramachandran Tamil Nadu. Conference on Extension for Strengthening Agricultural Research and Development. p 70 Satya, V.K., S. Emphasizing the farmers In: Proceedings of Sangeetha and K. in adopting ecofriendly National Seminar on Parameswari management practices for “Prospects of rhizome rot and nematode organic farming and infestation in turmeric. enterprises development in 21st century” held at GRI, Gandhigram during 15-16th March 2019. p. 59. Sangeetha, S., K. Organic farmers society – In: Proceedings of Parameswari and A boon for Villupuram National Seminar on V.K. Satya district organic farmers “Prospects of organic farming and enterprises development in 21st century” held at GRI, Gandhigram during 15-16th March 2019. p. 153 Parameswari, K., M. Improvement of Book of Abstract., Jayaramachandran, productivity and farmers eSARD 2019., V.K. Satya and S. income through pulse seed International Ramadass hub in Villupuram district Conference on Extension for Strengthening Agricultural Research and Development. p 151 Parameswari, K. and Assessment of Foliar Book of Abstract., S. Sangeetha nutrition to enhance yield eSARD 2019., in blackgram International Conference on Extension for Strengthening Agricultural Research and Development. p 157. Sangeetha, S., K. Organic farmer society Book of Abstract., Parameswari, M. creates a new hope for eSARD 2019., Jayaramachandran organic farmers International

63 and V.K. Satya Conference on Extension for Strengthening Agricultural Research and Development. p 162. 2020 Success story on Pasumai vikatan Integrated Farming Vol. 14 (1) pp.14 System 5 Technical 2019 Sangeetha, S., V.K. Water Management KVK, Villupuram bulletin/ Folders Satya, S. Ramadass, technologies in agriculture M. Prabu and M. Jayanthi 2019 Ramadass, S., V.K. Drip irrigation and its KVK, Villupuram Satya, M. Prabu, applications Sangeetha, S. and M. Jayanthi 2019 M. Prabu, S. Drought management KVK, Villupuram Ramadass, V.K. technologies Satya, Sangeetha, S. and M. Jayanthi S.Sangeetha, KVK, Villupuram V.K.Satya, S. Production technologies of Ramadass, Blackgram VBN 8 M.Jayanthi, M. Prabu and K. Parameswari S.Sangeetha, KVK, Villupuram V.K.Satya, S. Production technologies of Ramadass, Greengram VBN 4 M.Jayanthi, M. Prabu and K. Parameswari S.Sangeetha, KVK, Villupuram V.K.Satya, S. Foliar nutrient application Ramadass, in Pulses M.Jayanthi, M. Prabu and K. Parameswari Satya, V.K., S. KVK, Villupuram Sangeetha, M. Prabu, Symptom and S. Ramadass, M. management of Rugose Jeyanthi, M. spiralling white fly in Balumahendran and coconut K. Parameswari Satya, V.K., S. Production technologies KVK, Villupuram Ramadass, S. and protection techniques Sangeetha, M. in brinjal Jayanthi, M. Prabu and K. Parameswari Satya, V.K., S. Production technologies KVK, Villupuram Ramadass, S. and protection techniques Sangeetha, M. in jasmine Jayanthi, M. Prabu and K. Parameswari Satya, V.K., S. New high yielding variety KVK, Villupuram Ramadass, S. Paddy ADT 53 Sangeetha, M. Jayanthi, M. Prabu

64 and K. Parameswari Jayanthi, M., Satya, New high yielding variety KVK, Villupuram V.K., S. Ramadass, Bottle gourd PLR 2 S. Sangeetha, M. Prabu and K. Parameswari Jayanthi, M., Satya, New high yielding variety KVK, Villupuram V.K., S. Ramadass, groundnut BSR 2 S. Sangeetha, M. Prabu and K. Parameswari Jayanthi, M., Satya, Star jasmine CO 1 for year KVK, Villupuram V.K., S. Ramadass, round flower production S. Sangeetha, M. Prabu and K. Parameswari Prabu, M., S. Poultry breed - Krishi bro KVK, Villupuram Ramadass, Jayanthi, M., Satya, V.K., S. Sangeetha and K. Parameswari Ramadass, S., M. Production technologies KVK, Villupuram Balumahendran, M. and protection techniques Prabu, Jayanthi, M., in brinjal Satya, V.K., S. Sangeetha and K. Parameswari 6 Reports - - - - 7 Booklets 2019 Prabu, M., Flower production KVK, Villupuram S.Sangeetha, technologies for V.K.Satya, S. Entrepreneurship Ramadass, development M.Jayanthi, K. Parameswari

Newsletter/Magazine : Nil Name of News Frequency No. of Copies printed for distribution letter/Magazine

12. Training/workshops/seminars etc details attended by KVK staff

Name of the staff Title Dates Durati Organized by on (Days)

Conference Dr. K. Parameswari International conference on 14.12.2019 3 Society of Extension “Extension for Strengthening to Education, Coimbatore Agriculture Research and 16.12.2019 Suttur, Mysuru, Karnataka Development

65 Dr. V.K. Satya International Conference on 10.02.2019 3 Joint Secretary, Director, “Pulses as a Climate Smart to IIPR, Kanpur Crop: Challenges and 12.02.2019 Opportunities Dr. V. K. Satya National Symposium on 16.12.2019 2 Indian Society of Plant Mitigation of Emerging plant to Pathologists and disease under changing 17.12.2019 Department of Plant climate scenario Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore Dr. K. Parameswari XI National Conference on 27.02.2020 2 NASC complex, New KVKS – 2020 at NASC to Delhi complex, New Delhi 28.02.2020 Workshops Dr. V. K. Satya 84th Scientific Worker 19.08.2019 2 TNAU, Coimbatore Conference 2019 at TNAU, to Coimbatore 20.08.2019 Dr. V. K. Satya ¤ Skill Empowerment 1 Department of Plant on Milky Mushroom Pathology, TNAU, Production Coimbatore Technology Dr. V. K. Satya Protoplasmic Fusion 1.10.2019 1 Department of Plant Technology for strain Pathology, TNAU, improvement in Mushrooms Coimbatore Dr. V. K. Satya Techniques on Oyster 1.10.2019 1 Department of Plant Mushroom Production Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore Dr. V. K. Satya Antimicrobial Biomolecules 1.10.2019 1 Department of Plant for Plant Health Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore Dr.S.Sangeetha Workshop on Convergence 10.06.2019 3 MDPU, Chennai for effective service delivery to (TN-IAMP workshop) 12.06.2019 Dr. V. K. Satya Workshop on Fall Army 22.07.2019 1 Department of Worm management Agricultural Entomology, technology capsule TNAU, Coimbatore Dr. V. K. Satya Workshop on field diagnosis 23.07.2019 1 Department of and management of plant Agricultural Nematology, parasitic Nematodes in TNAU, Coimbatore Horticultural Crops Dr.S.Sangeetha Workshop on procurement 17.12.2019 1 WTC,TNAU, Coimbatore procedures for TNIAMP scheme Dr. K. Parameswari Annual Seed Workshop 06.03.2020 1 Seed Centre, TNAU, Coimbatore Dr.S.Sangeetha Workshop on procurement 17.12.2019 1 WTC,TNAU, Coimbatore procedures for TNIAMP scheme Trainings Dr.S.Sangeetha Cluster demonstration on 21.08.2019 2 ATARI, Hyderabad Organic farming under to Paramparaghat Krishi Vigyan 22.08.2019 Yojana (PKVY) Dr.S.Sangeetha Training on "Installation and 24.09.2019 1 WTC,TNAU, Coimbatore utilization of TNIAMP Geo tagging mobile application"

66 Dr.S.Sangeetha Orientation training on 11.12.2019 3 TNAU, Coimbatore innovative teaching to methodology for enhancing 13.12.2019 academic proficiency at TNAU, Coimbatore Dr. K. Parameswari Attended Training & 13.03.2020 1 TNAU, Coimbatore Awareness Workshops on “Energy Efficiency and Demand Side Management in Agricultural Sector Dr.S.Sangeetha Attended Training programme 13.03.2020 1 WTC,TNAU, Coimbatore on “Production technologies of Grafted Brinjal” and to organize exposure visit under TN-IAMP Dr. V.K. Satya Training on “Plant quarantine 24.02.2020 5 NIPHM, Hyderabad National Regulations and to Procedure” at NIPHM, 28.02.2020 Hyderabad

13. DETAILS ON RAIN WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURE AND MICRO-IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Activities conducted No. of Training No. of Demonstration s No. of plant materials Visit by Visit by programmes produced farmers officials (No.) (No.) Laser irrigation 2 2 Seed production in 320 22 Groundnut and Blackgram

14. INTERVENTIONS ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT/UNSEASONAL RAINFALL/HAILSTORM/COLD WAVES ETC : Nil Introduction of alternate crops/varieties Crops/cultivars Area (ha) Extent of damage Recovery of damage through KVK initiatives if any

Total

Major area coverage under alternate crops/varieties Crops Area (ha) Number of beneficiaries Oilseeds Pulses Cereals Vegetable crops Tuber crops Total

Farmers-scientists interaction on livestock management Livestock components Number of No.of participants interactions

Total

Animal health camps organised Number of camps No.of animals No.of farmers

Total

Seed distribution in drought hit states Crops Quantity (qtl) Coverage of Number of area (ha) farmers

Total

Large scale adoption of resource conservation technologies Crops/cultivars and gist of resource conservation technologies Area Number of introduced (ha) farmers

Total

Awareness campaign Meetings Gosthies Field days Farmers Exhibition Film show fair No. No.of No. No.of No. No.of No. No.of No. No.of No. No.of farmers farmers farmers farmer farmers farmers

Total

15. Awards/rewards received by KVK and staff

Recognitions &Awards/Special attainments and Achievements of Practical Importance Recognitions & Awards (Team Award/individual Item of Recognition Year Awarding Organization Individual/ National / International / collaborative Professional; Society Best performance in Seed Hub 2019 NAARM, Hyderabad Collaborative Best oral presentation received by Dr. V.K. 2019 NAARM, Hyderabad Individual Satya, SMS (PAT) Best Seed Production Center 2019 Received during 49th Collaborative Foundation Day at TNAU, Coimbatore Best Researcher Award received by Dr. 2019 Received during 49th Individual V.K. Satya, SMS (PAT) Foundation Day at TNAU, Coimbatore Best Seed Scientist Award received by Dr. 2019 TNAU, Coimbatore Individual K. Parameswari Best Poster Presentation Award received 2019 ICAR - ATARI, Individual by Dr. K. Parameswari, SMS (SST) Bangaluru, Extension Education Society,TNAU Campus, Coimbatore, & ICAR-JSS KVK, Suttur, Mysuru Best Women Scientist Award received by 2020 Received during Individual Dr. K. Parameswari “International conference on Environmental Agricultural, Chemical and biological studies” at

68 Anandha hotel, Pondicherry Best performer award for utilization of 2020 TNAU, Coimbatore Individual farm machineries received by Th. Das Best performer award for utilization of 2020 TNAU, Coimbatore Individual farm machineries received by Tmt. Abirami Special Attainments & Achievements of Practical Importance (patents, technologies, varieties, products, concepts, methodologies etc. ) : Nil Category Title Year Individual/ Additional Collaborative Details/Information

- - - - -

16. Details of sponsored projects/programmes implemented by KVK

S.No Title of the Sponsoring Objectives Duration Amount programme / project agency (Rs) 1 National Innovation on ICAR  To demonstrate the 2010-2020 7.51 Climate Resilient site specific (2019-20) Agriculture (NICRA) technology packages on farmers field for adopting to current climate risks.

2 Seed Hub - Creation of ICAR  To produce and supply 2016-2020 Rs. 150 seed hubs for good quality (certified lakhs increasing indigenous and /or TFL seed) (2016-19) production of pulses in seeds to the farmers to Villupuram District”under NFSM increase the productivity of pulses in Tamil Nadu

 To empower the farmers in seed production of pulses

3 CFLD Pulses ICAR  To demonstrate the 2019-20 1.98 lakhs newly released improved varieties and technologies

4 CFLD Oilseeds ICAR  To demonstrate the 2019-20 2.40 lakhs newly released improved varieties and technologies

69 1. National Innovation on Climate Resilient Agriculture

Module 1 : NRM Name of the intervention No. of units Area (ha) No. of farmers Laser irrigation 6 1.2 6 Incorporation of Green manure 20 15 20 Total 26 20 26

Module 2 : Crop Production Name of the intervention Area (ha) No. of farmers Introduction of cumbu hybrid CO 9 4.0 10 Introduction of cumbu CO 10 4.0 10 Disease resistant variety-Blackgram VBN 8 40.0 200 Intercropping system (Groundnut + Redgram) 2.0 10 Crop Diversification –Amaranthus PLR 1 0.8 10 Introduction of high value crops-Bottle gourd CO H1 2.6 20 Introduction of high value crops-Watermelon Arka muthu 0.5 5 Integrated pest and disease management in Jasmine 1.0 10 Total 54.9 275

Module 3 : Livestock and fisheries Livestock Name of the intervention No. of units (Where No .of animals No. of farmers ever applicable) benefitted Animal health checkup 1 143 408 FMD- Preventive vaccination 2 1241 400 Mitigating mineral deficiencies in 35 35 35 animals Artificial insemination 8 8 8 Ketochek (TRPVB) – Translational 20 20 20 Research platform for veterinary biological) Mastiguard Teat protect spray- 20 20 20 (TRPVB) Total 86 1467 891

Fodder production Interventions (Fodder varieties/Azolla/Hydroponics No. of Units No. of farmers Area (ha) etc.,) Improved fodder production- COBN- 5 5 cents 30 0.6 Total 30 0.6

Fish production Fish Production No. of No. of farmers Area (ha) Units Inland fish farming- Farm Pond 1 1 0.1 Total 1 1 0.1

Institutional Interventions Name of the intervention Area (ha) No. of farmers covered Seed bank 2.0 4 Fodder bank 0.1 2 Rotavator 2.0 4 Power weeder 2.0 4 Total 9.1 14

2. Seed Hub scheme - Creation of seed hubs for increasing indigenous production of pulses in Villupuram District”under NFSM.

Seed production target and achievement under Seed Hub (in quintals):

Crop Variety Category 2019-20 Target Achievement Blackgram VBN 8 CS 900 54.74 FS 6.80 FS 12.00 Sub total 73.54 Greengram CO 8 CS 100 0.86 FS 3.14 Sub total 4.00 Grand Total 1000 77.54

3. CFLD pulses

Crop/ (No. of CFLDs/Area in ha) Technology Yield (Quintal/ha) Variety Target Achievement demonstrated Demo Check % of yield gap Blackgram 20 20 High yielding variety 9.56 6.71 29.57 VBN 8 blackgram VBN 8, Seed (2016) treatment with bio fertilizer and bioagents, foliar nutrition, Installation of traps and lures Greengram 10 10 High yielding variety 8.14 5.62 30.96 CO 8 greengram CO 8, Seed (2013) treatment with bio fertilizer and bioagents, foliar nutrition, Installation of traps and lures

4. CFLD Oilseeds

Crop/ (No. of CFLDs/Area in Technology demonstrated Yield (Quintal/ha) Variety ha) Target Achievement Demo Check % of yield gap Groundnut 20 20 Groundnut variety ALG 06 320, 26.84 21.70 19.13 ALG 06 Seed treatment with Biocontrol 320 agents, foliar spray of (2017) groundnut Rich

71 17. SUCCESS STORIES

17. A. Mushroom cultivation – High income from low investment 1. Situation analysis/Problem statement

Mr. A. Prakash Pinto, S/o. Th. Arogyadass is living in a Mugaiyur village of Villupuram district. He has completed ITI at Villupuram and he was worked at Dubai as Electrician. He earned less income and also faced bitter experience in Dubai. He came to his native and he was searching for alternate profession for regular income. He came to know that Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Villupuram providing Mushroom production training through his friend.

2. Plan, Implement and Support

At this situation Mr. A. Prakash Pinto approached Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Villupuram to learn about remunerative activities. KVK advised him to attend allied agricultural training programmes. Based on this, he attended Mushroom related training programmes at KVK, which imparted knowledge and skill on Mushroom production, Spawn production and Value addition. Following demonstrations were conducted for oyster and milky mushroom cultivation  Preparation of mother spawn  Preparation of bed spawn  Paddy straw sterilization  Preparation of mushroom beds  Construction and maintenance of spawn running room and cropping room  Preparation of casing mixture and casing of mushroom beds  Harvesting, packing and post harvest techniques  Value addition After that, he turned his profession to mushroom production and value addition. 3. Output: He started the mushroom production with small scale. After that he expanded his business with one spawn running room (size 15×20 ft.) and two mushroom bud formation sheds (size 12×23 ft.) with an investment of Rs. 1.5 lakhs. He harvested 5 kg/ day. Initially, he sold his produce @ Rs. 225kg/ha to nearby shops and leading super markets, Uzhavar Sandhai etc., and obtained more profit. KVK, Villupuram facilitated to get farmers identity card from Department of Agricultural Marketting, Villupuram for selling his produce in Uzhavar sandai. From first year itself, he is earning Rs. 1,18,125/- per annum as a net income from mushroom production and value addition. S.No Particulars Amount (Rs.) A. Fixed cost Spawn running room (15×20ft) -1 No 50,000

72 Mushroom bud formation room (12×23ft) – 2 Nos 1,00,000 Total 1,50,000 B. Daily expenditure 15 beds/day (Rs. 65/bed) 2,92,500 (300 days ×15×Rs. 65) Gross income 4,10,625 5 kg mushroom/day (Rs. 225/kg) (365× 5kg×Rs. 225) Net income 1,18,125

4. Outcome He has been giving training and guidance on mushroom cultivation to farmers, Self Help Groups, NGOs and college students. Two fellow farmers have been started mushroom production by seeing him success. 5. Impact: He was satisfied with mushroom production and felt delighted when other farmers visit his farm to see his endeavor. His family income status was improved so much. He is giving employment for 2 persons. Photo documentation

Mushroom bud formation room Spawn running room

Milky mushroom production Oyster mushroom production

17.B. Blackgram VBN 8 – a remunerative short duration crop

73 1.Background Mr. K.Dhoss, S/o. Kuppusamy, Agoor village of Mailam Block, Villupuram District is a small farmer, holding an area of 4 acres. He was cultivating Paddy, Blackgram, Greengram, Moth bean and Groundnut and the income generation from these crops was not sufficient to run his joint family. Black gram is the major pulse crop normally he was cultivating two times in a year during July – August (Adipattam) and November – December (Karthigaipattam). He was adopting VBN 3 and VBN 5 Blackgram varieties under conventional crop production method. These varieties were often subjected to Yellow Mosaic Virus disease and provided very low yield. Hence, he was searching for an alternate source to rise the income. 2. Plan, Implement and Support Mr.Dhoss approached Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tindivanam and attended training programmes on Improved production technologies of Pulses. He discussed with KVK scientists regarding implementation of latest cultivation practices to improve the yield and income. The KVK scientist explained and conducted demonstration on various improved technologies to be taken up in Blackgram cultivation from sowing to harvest ie., selection of high yielding and YMV resistant Blackgram variety, Seed treatment with bio control agents, Integrated Pest and Disease management, Integrated Nutrient management and post harvest technologies. Based on the acquired knowledge on improved cultivation practices of Blackgram, Mr. Dhoss started to adopt all the recommended package of practice in his field from seed to harvest. Initially he was cultivating VBN 8 Blackgram variety in an area of 0.5 acre during August 2019 along with the following package of practices viz., Farm yard manure application @ 5t/ac, seed treatment with biofertilizers and bio-agenets, Foliar spray of TNAU Pulse wonder @ 2 kg/ac and installation of traps to control the pests. Following of recommended package of practices resulted in better crop stand and made to realize a considerable profit. 3. Output Mr. Dhass obtained a yield of 8.5 q/ha. The gross cost is Rs. 34800 /ha, Gross return Rs.76, 500/ha acre with net income of Rs.41700 / ha (BCR: 2.1). Since the VBN 8, The cost incurred for disease management is less. 4. Outcome Initially the demo was conducted in an area of 0.5 acre. Now the farmer has increased the VBN 8 Blackgram cultivation for an area of 2 acre. He is also encouraging the other fellow farmer to adopt the VBN 8 Blackgram variety with the recommended package of practices. 5. Impact The number farmers adopting VBN 8 Blackgram variety with the recommended package of practices has been increased and the area under VBN 8 has also been increased to about and area of 15 ha.

17.C. Mrs. Anuradha embraces organic farming techniques to boost yield and income

74 1.Background Mrs N.Anuradha, W/o. Natarajan is a 37 year old woman living in a small village Pudupalayam, Vikkiravandi block of Villupuram district. She is B.Com degree holder and doing farming activities in an area of 5 acre along with her husband. Paddy, Pulses, Oilseeds and Vegetables are the major crop cultivated in her field. Initially she was struggled and worried about high cost of agricultural inputs and associate health hazards. Hence, she decided to practice chemical free organic farming cultivation to live a healthy life. 2. Plan, Implement and Support Mrs. Anuradha approached KVK to know about the organic farming related activities, schemes, marketing opportunities. KVK advised her to attend the training programmes on Organic farming cultivation. She gained a thorough knowledge on Organic cultivation practices, Input production, Marketing strategies and Organic certification by attending the training programme and adopted the same in her filed. Now she has started to integrate her farming with other enterprices ie., Farm pond, Fishery and Poultry. The realized benefits of Organic farming made her to bring the entire filed under organic farming. Further, she has registered in Department of Organic farming to get Organic certification for and the inspection is in progress. KVK has facilitated to telecast her success story in DD Podhigai to disseminate the technology to other farmers. 3. Output Initially she was doing only the cultivation practices in Paddy, Pulses, Oilseeds and Vegetables and sold the products through middle man. Later, she entered into direct sale of processed food grains and value added products like Organic Chekku Oil. Totally she is spending a an amount of Rs. 300,000/- as gross cost for organic farming ie., from seed to seed in an area of 5 acre and obtaining a gross income of Rs.6,50,000/-. 4. Outcome Now, Mrs. Anuradha encouraging her fellow farmers to follow the organic farming by explaining its benefits. She has formed a group namely “Uzhavi Organics” involving 20 farmers and producing organic products as group approach method. They are directly selling their organic products in the market and which fetches good price.

5. Impact The number of farmers shifting to organic farming is gradually increasing in Vikkiravandi block of Villupruam district. Based on the interest shown by the organic farmers KVK has facilitated to form a society namely “Villupuram district organic farmers society” by liking the organic farmers at district level.

75 18. CASE STUDIES Role of KVK in improving the livelihood of black gram farmers in Villupuram district through Cluster Front Line Demonstrations INTRODUCTION The Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Tindivanam of Villupuram District is functioning under the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University from 25th March 2004, with financial assistance of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The main role of this KVK is testing and transfer of agricultural technologies to bridge the yield gap between the production and productivity and to increase self- employment opportunities among the rural communities. The overall mandate of the KVK is to develop and disseminate location specific technological modules at district level through Technology Assessment and Demonstration and to act as Knowledge Resource Centre for agriculture and its allied activities. Villupuram district situated in the North Eastern Agroclimatic Zone of Tamil Nadu and it is one of the predominant agricultural district in which more than sixty percent of population is engaged in agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. Pulses are one of the important food grain crop cultivating throughout the Villupuram district in kharif, rabi and summer season. Blackgram is a predominant pulses crop which covers more than 80% of the total pulses area in Viluppuram District. In recent years, the productivity and profitability of the blackgram is unstable in various blocks of Villupuram district due to biotic and abiotic stress. The many problems arises due to climatic changes such as low and erratic rainfall, drought, temperature extremes, land degradation, poor human resources, poor market linkage and due to uncertain production the farmers are not in the position to adopt complete latest package of practices, plant protection measures. Keeping this in view KVK conducted Frontline Demonstrations (FLD) on dissemination of improved production technologies in Blackgram under Cluster approach method. Frontline Demonstration is a form of applied research through ICAR/SAUs system on latest notified or released varieties along with full package of practices on selected farmers’ fields with a view to demonstrate the potentiality of the technologies to participating farmers, neighboring farmers and other agencies to analyze the production and performance of the technologies for scientific feedback. Thus, the present study was carried out to with following objectives.  To study the production and economic performance of demonstrations as compared to local check.  The study the knowledge level of blackgram farmers in improved production technologies before and after KVK interventions. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY One of the mandates of KVK is to conduct frontline demonstrations to disseminate latest improved varieties and its package of practices to increase the productivity. Frontline demonstration was conducted on improved production technologies of blackgram in both kharif and rabi seasons during 2017-18 in cluster approach method under NFSM scheme which was periodically monitored by ATARI, Hyderabad. The Cluster Frontline Demonstrations were conducted in the four villages of

76 Villupuram district namely Nallam village of Marakkanam block, Mugaiyur village of Mugaiyur block, Asur village of Vikkiravandi block and Anumantahapuram of Kanai block. Totally 52 farmers were selected for the demonstration i-e 13 farmers were selected from each of the four villages by adopting purposive random sampling method. In these selected villages, KVK demonstrated the latest high yielding blackgram variety VBN 6 and its package of practices. Further, on and off campus training programmes were also organized for the FLD farmers to impart the knowledge on improved production technologies in blackgram. The KVK scientists periodically visited the FLD fields on different crop stages to ensure timely application of nutrients, weedicides and plant protection measures and also to offer other suggestive measures to the farmers and collect the feedback information on each stage for further improvement in research and extension programme. At end the cropping stage, the yield data was assessed by adopting crop cutting method and the field day was conducted in collaboration with extension officials from Department of Agriculture in all the cluster villages to disseminate the improved technologies which were followed in CFLD farmers to other fellow farmers. The relevant data regarding cost of cultivation, market preference, and other constraints were also collected through well designed interview schedule consisting of set of questions. To compare the production and profitability of crop the yield data of FLDs and control plots were collected from each farmer and averaged out in all locations. The collected information was grouped and tabular analysis was done for calculating the technological gap by using the suitable statistical tools. Further, the knowledge level of FLD farmers with improved production technologies of blackgram before and after the interventions of KVK was measured by adopting knowledge test as suggested by Singh (1986). Various items related to blackgram production technologies were selected and administrated to the respondents before and after implementation of the CFLD programme. For every correct answer scored two marks and for incorrect answers one score was given. The pre and post evaluation scores were assessed. The knowledge level of the respondents was calculated by using the formula followed by Madhan (2002). The formula used for the calculation of knowledge index of each respondent was K Knowledge index = ____ x 100 P Where, K - Knowledge scores obtained by an individual respondent P - Maximum possible scores for all items The respondents were classified into three categories such as low, medium and high using mean and standard deviation. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION The findings of the present study as well as relevant discussion have been presented as below. (i) Assessing effectiveness of improved production technologies in blackgram under

77 CFLD programme Improved production technologies of blackgram were demonstrated from seed to harvest in farmers field and its performance is detailed below. Table 1. Performance of blackgram under FLD programme S. Name of the Sowing Area No. of Average yield Yield gap No. village season covered farmer obtained (q/ha) (ha) covered Demo Check q/ha % 1. Asur Kharif 10 13 8.46 7.38 1.08 12.77 2. Mugaiyur Kharif 10 13 7.28 6.19 1.09 14.97 3. Nallalam Rabi 10 13 7.53 6.64 0.89 11.82 4. Anumanthapuram Rabi 10 13 7.66 6.65 1.01 13.19 Average 7.73 6.72 1.02 13.19

The results revealed that the farmers achieved an average yield of 7.73 q/ha wherein an average yield farmers practice was 6.72q/ha observed in check plot (Table 1). The yield difference was 1.02 q/ha and the percentage of yield gap is 13.19. This might be due to the adoption of improved production technologies viz., high yielding blackgram variety VBN 6, seed treatment with bio agents, foliar application of MN mixture setting up of traps etc. Further, it showed direct role of KVK in positive performance of blackgram technological demonstrations over farmer’s practices. These results created greater awareness and motivation among the farmers to adopt the new production technologies on their farm. Table 2. Economic analysis of Cluster FLD on blackgram Gross cost Gross return Net return Treatments BCR (Rs./ha) (Rs./ha) (Rs./ha) Farmer's existing plot 31529 67154 35625 2.0 Demonstration plot 33079 82898 49819 2.51

The economic analysis of four clusters of blackgram was studied based on gross income which was calculated with average yield multiplied by prevailing market price of that particular year. It could be observed that the average gross income of the demo was Rs. 82,898/- ha obtained from FLD plot during 2017-18, while in case of control plot, it was Rs. 67,154/- ha during the year. Further, the benefit cost ratio of the demo plot was 2.51, whereas in the farmers practice it was 2.0 (Table 2). The probable reason for the above result might be due to the adoption of improved production technologies in blackgram and the above result shows an evident that technological demonstrations under CFLD programme played an important role in increasing the production and profitability of the farmers. The similar findings were also observed by Patel et al. (2009) in groundnut and Choudhary et al. (2014) in field pea yield under demonstrations confirms these results. (ii) Knowledge level of the blackgram farmers Knowledge has been referred as the body of information possessed by an individual which is in accordance with the established fact. The body of information possessed by the individuals

78 influences them to behave in a particular manner. Knowledge is a pre-requisite for adoption of innovation, as this would enable the farmers to completely understand a technology and its relative advantage. Hence, an attempt was made to assess the knowledge before and after the interventions of KVK. Table 3. Distribution of respondents based on their knowledge level (n = 40)

S.No. Category Before CFLD After CFLD Number Per cent Number Per cent 1 Low 14 35 7 17.5 2 Medium 16 40 20 50 3 High 10 25 13 32.5 Total 40 100 40 100

It could be inferred from the Table 3 that the knowledge level of the Blackgram farmers in improved technologies was medium (40.00 %) to low (35.00 %) in before implementation of the CFLD programme. The knowledge level was increased from medium (50.00 %) to high (32.50 %) after implementation of the programme. The appropriate reason for medium to higher level of knowledge on improved production technologies of blackgram might be due to the fact that KVK conducted the technical programme and extension activities such as training programmes, demonstrations and field day under CFLD programme. Further, KVK played an important role in dissemination of technologies through distribution of relevant literatures during the extension activities. Table 4. Knowledge level of the blackgram farmers in improved production technologies (n=40) S.No. Technologies Before CFLD After CFLD programme programme Number Percentage Number Percentage 1 Application of Farm Yard Manure 32 80 35 87.5 @12t/ha 2 Improved blackgram varieties 11 27.5 31 77.5 3 Optimum seed rate @20kg/ha 35 87.5 38 95 4 Seed treatment (Trichoderma viride @ 18 45 29 72.5 4g and Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds) 5 Foliar application of MN mixture 9 22.5 33 82.5 (TNAU Pulse wonder) @ 5 kg / ha 6 Application of recommended fertilizer 22 55 36 90 7 Weed management (Pre emergence 20 50 28 70 application of Pendimethalin 3.3 litres/ha ) 8 Pest control (Setting up of yellow sticky 19 47.5 30 75 traps @ 36 nos / ha to control sucking pest, Pheromone trap @ 12 nos / ha, spray of Chlorantroniliprole @ 0.3 ml

79 /lit) to control white flies and pod borer)

9 Disease control (Spot drenching with 21 52.5 28 70 Carbendazim 1g / lit or application of Pseudomonas luorescens / Trichoderma viride 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM to control stem necrosis )

It could be observed from the above table 4, that before implementation of the CFLD programme only around twenty five percent of the respondents had knowledge on improved blackgram varieties and foliar application of MN mixture but after implementation of the programme it has been increased to 77.5 percent and 82.5 percent respectively. This might be due to the high yield and marker price of improved blackgram variety VBN 6 and reduced flower shedding by the foliar application MN mixture that is TNAU Pulses wonder. More than 90 percent of the respondents had knowledge on usage of optimum seed rate and the recommended fertilizer dosage. The appropriate reason for this high level of knowledge might be due to the on and off campus training programmes offered by KVK. Further, soil test was taken by KVK in CFLD farmers field and insisted them for judicious usage of fertilizer which led to reduction in fertilizer cost. According to the pest management, 47.5 percent of the responded had knowledge on the integrated pest management in before implementation of the CFLD programme. This has been increased to 75 percent. With respect to disease management, the knowledge of the respondents have been increased from 52.5 to 70 percent. The probable reason for this increased level of knowledge might be due to the result demonstration of the Integrated Pest and Disease Management practices conducted by KVK in CFLD demo plots and which resulted in more yield and profit. Similarly, Asiwal et al. (2005) also reported that increase in productivity and income gain under FLD’s over traditional practices of Blackgram cultivation support the present results

CONCLUSION It is concluded that the knowledge level of the blackgram farmers in improved technologies was medium (40.00 %) to low (25.00 %) in before implementation of the CFLD programme and it was increased from medium (50.00 %) to high (32.50 %) after implementation of the programme. Further, before implementation of the CFLD program most of the blackgram farmers in the selected villages were using uncertified local blackgram variety without any seed treatment and they were not practicing improved technologies resulting low production. But after CFLD progamme more than 75 percent of the blackgram farmers started to practice improved varieties, optimum seed rate, seed treatment, foliar application of MN mixture, recommended fertilizer dosage and pest control. Hence, it could be understand that the CFLD programme has created positive impact in Villupuram district. Further, the farmers expressed that adoption of improved practices were easy when doing it in cluster

80 approach. Now the other fellow farmers have also come forward to follow the improved production technology in blackgram cultivation.

19. INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGY OR TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED AND USED DURING THE YEAR

• Kisan Mobile Advisory Service (KMAS) sending SMS to farmers mobile for disseminate the information and 8453 farmers were benefitted. • KVK Whatsapp group – sharing of agricultural information among Villupuram district farmers through KVK whatsapp group • KVK Website – Posting of training details and other agricultural information in KVK website • Multimedia - Use of advanced audio visual aids and multimedia during capacity development programme

20. ITKs

Indigenous technology practiced by the farmers in the KVK operational area which can be considered for technology development (in detail with suitable photographs)

S. No. Crop / Enterprise ITK Practiced Purpose of ITK 1. Minor millets Soil incorporation of To enrich the soil fertility navathanya (9 legumes) 2. Chilli Foliar spray of butter milk To reduce the leaf curl incidence 3. Bhendi Foliar spray of chilli To reduce the viral extract 5% disease incidence

21. IMPACT OF KVK ACTIVITIES (NOT TO BE RESTRICTED FOR REPORTING PERIOD).

Name of specific No. of % of adoption Change in income (Rs.) technology/skill transferred participants Before After (Rs./Unit) (Rs./Unit) Improved production 52 70 35625 49819 technologies in Blackgram

Improving the livelihood of black gram farmers in Villupuram district through Cluster Front Line Demonstrations

The KVKs play an important role in transferring latest improved agricultural technologies to enhance the productivity of crops through trainings and FLDs. Keeping in view the beneficiaries of Blackgram (VBN 6) demonstrations from four villages of Villupuram district were selected purposively. To compare the production and profitability, the yield data of Cluster FLDs and control plots were collected from each farmers and averaged out at all locations. An average yield of 7.73 q/ha was recorded in demo plots and in check plots it was 6.72 q/ha. The yield difference of 1.02q/ha with the yield gap of 13.19 percent was observed in CFLD programme. The difference in yield gap might be due to the adoption of improved production technologies that were disseminated through

81 KVK under Cluster FLD programme. Further, an attempt was made to assess the knowledge level of Cluster FLD farmers before and after the interventions of KVK. The knowledge level of the blackgram farmers in improved technologies was medium (40.00 %) to low (35.00 %) in before implementation of the Cluster FLD programme. The knowledge level was increased from medium (50.00 %) to high (32.50 %) after implementation of the programme. More than 75 percent of the blackgram farmers were practicing improved varieties, optimum seed rate, seed treatment, foliar application of MN mixture, recommended fertilizer dosage and pest control. The appropriate reason for medium to higher level of knowledge on improved production technologies of blackgram might be due to KVK interventions such as awareness programme, demonstrations, trainings and field days.

Knowledge level of the blackgram farmers in improved production technologies (n=40) S.No. Technologies Before CFLD After CFLD programme programme Number Percentage Number Percentage 1 Application of Farm Yard Manure 32 80 35 87.5 @12t/ha 2 Improved blackgram varieties 11 27.5 31 77.5 3 Optimum seed rate @20kg/ha 35 87.5 38 95 4 Seed treatment (Trichoderma viride @ 18 45 29 72.5 4g and Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds) 5 Foliar application of MN mixture 9 22.5 33 82.5 (TNAU Pulse wonder) @ 5 kg / ha 6 Application of recommended fertilizer 22 55 36 90 7 Weed management (Pre emergence 20 50 28 70 application of Pendimethalin 3.3 litres/ha ) 8 Pest control (Setting up of yellow sticky 19 47.5 30 75 traps @ 36 nos / ha to control sucking pest, Pheromone trap @ 12 nos / ha, spray of Chlorantroniliprole @ 0.3 ml /lit) to control white flies and pod borer) 9 Disease control (Spot drenching with 21 52.5 28 70 Carbendazim 1g / lit or application of Pseudomonas luorescens / Trichoderma viride 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg FYM to control stem necrosis )

82 More than 90 percent of the respondents had knowledge on usage of optimum seed rate and the recommended fertilizer dosage. The appropriate reason for this high level of knowledge might be due to the on and off campus training programmes offered by KVK. Further, soil test was taken by KVK in CFLD farmers field and insisted them for judicious usage of fertilizer which led to reduction in fertilizer cost. According to the pest management, 47.5 percent of the responded had knowledge on the integrated pest management in before implementation of the CFLD programme. This has been increased to 75 percent. With respect to disease management, the knowledge of the respondents have been increased from 52.5 to 70 percent. The probable reason for this increased level of knowledge might be due to the result demonstration of the Integrated Pest and Disease Management practices conducted by KVK in CFLD demo plots and which resulted in more yield and profit. Similarly, Asiwal et al. (2005) also reported that increase in productivity and income gain under FLD’s over traditional practices of Blackgram cultivation support the present results

22. Functional linkage with different organizations

Name of organization Nature of linkage State Department of Agriculture Joint implementation, participation in meeting State Department of Horticulture Joint implementation, mentoring services. Diagnostic services, DMIC Member, NHM programme implementation, Tribal welfare programmes, joint exhibitions, inspections State Department of Fisheries Conducting training programmes Seed certification Human resource development, certification work in instructional farm, resource person Lead Banks conducting training programmes NABARD Sponsored programmes, conducting training programmes Revenue Department Participation in meeting State Department of Agriculture Engineering Participation in meeting TamilNadu Women Development Corporation Conducting training programmes (TWDC) Centre for Environment and Agricultural Conducting training programmes Development (CEAD) Pondicherry Agro Service Industrial Corporation Input supply and services (PASIC) Inter Caste Marriage Foundation (ICMF) Participation in training IFFCO Participation in meeting NGO’s BWDA, Villupuram Organizing and participating in training

SCAWD, Villupuram Organizing and participating in training SPEED(Society for People Education and Organizing and participating in training

83 Economical Development)

SHG’s (Self Help Groups) Malligai Magaliar Group, Mailam Participation in training Rooja Magaliar Group, Gungamangalam Participation in training Jansirani Magaliar Group, Avanampatti Participation in training Indhira Gandhi Magaliar Group, Thenkolapakkam Participation in training Mailam Magaliar Group, Mailam Participation in training Nehru Magaliar Group, Sengurichi Participation in training Ganapathy Magaliar Group, Tindivanam Participation in training Ezhai Mariamman Magaliar Group, Napalaya Participation in training Annai Magaliar Group, Kolliyanoor Participation in training Omsakthi Magaliar Group, Valavanoor Participation in training Pasunthalir ulavar Mandram, Kattusiviri Participation in training Athi parasakthi Magaliar Mandram, Andapattu Participation in training State Institute of rural development Participation in training

List special programmes undertaken by the KVK and operational now, which have been financed by State Govt./Other Agencies

Date/ Month of initiation Funding Name of the scheme agency International yoga day 3.06.2019 ICAR-Main Parthenium awareness week August 16-22, 2018 ICAR-Main Jal shakthi abhiyan kisan mela 14.09.2019 ATARI Pasu aarogya mela 11.09.2019 ATARI Tree plantation drive 17.09.2019 ATARI Awareness programme on “Right application of 11.11.2019 ATARI fertilizers” Swachhta Swachhta Pakhwada 2019 16-31 December, 2019 ICAR-Main FFS- Integrated pest and disease Management ATARI in Jasmine World Soil Health day 5.12.2019 ICAR-Main