Act of Accession of 1972, 58–59 Act on Direct Elections of 1976, 112

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01757-3 - The European Union After the Treaty of Lisbon Edited by Diamond Ashiagbor, Nicola Countouris and Ioannis Lianos Index More information

INDEX

Act of Accession of 1972, 58–59 balance amongst ‘small’ and ‘large’ Act on Direct Elections of 1976, 112, countries, 11, 14–15, 28, 32–33 129 Barroso, JoseManuel,´ 1, 44, 169, 196, AFSJ (Area of Freedom, Security and 291 Justice), 106 Baumbast and R v. Home Secretary of Ahern, Bertie, 9 State for the Home Department, Airey v. Ireland, 130 140, 145–146 Albany International BV v. Stichting Berlin Declaration, 3 Bedrijfspensioenfonds Bidar case, 145–146 Textielindustrie, 271–273, 275 bilateral investment treaties (BITs), Alfa Vita Vassilopoulos AE and 71–72 Carrefour Marinopoulos AE v. Bini-Smaghi, Lorenzo, 317–318 Elliniko Dimosio and Nomarchiaki Blair, Tony, 201 Aftodioikisi Ioanninon, 147, 149 block exemption regulations, 252, 253, Amato Group, 2–3 254, 262 Amsterdam Treaty.SeeTreaty of Blue Card, 165, 166, 168–170, 174–175 Amsterdam Bosphorus v. Ireland, 112–113, 114, 126 Area of Freedom, Security and Justice Brown, Gordon, 3–4 (AFSJ), 106 Buchholt, Lee, 313 Artico v. Italy, 129–130 Ashton, Catherine, 43, 196 CACs (collective action clauses), 309, asylum policy, 156–184 313, 314–319 after Treaty of Lisbon, 171–179 Carpenter v. Secretary of State for the introduction, 156–158 Home Department, 76, 145–146 outlook for, 179–184 CCP (Common Commercial Policy), politics of, 166–170 71–72, 192 between Tampere Council and CEAS (Common European Asylum Treaty of Lisbon, 159–164 System), 159 Tampere Council meeting, legal and CFR (Common Frame of Reference of political context of, 158–159 European Contract Law), 231, Asylum Procedures Directive of 2005, 233, 234–235 161, 183 CFSP.SeeCommon Foreign and attribution of competence (conferral), Security Policy principle of, 50–51 Charter of Fundamental Rights, 78–108 Badinter, Robert, 126 Article 5, 102

321

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322 index

Charter of Fundamental Rights (cont.) civil law, 228–229, 244.Seealso Article 8, 102 contract law Article 9, 102 co-decision procedure, 17, 40 Article 23, 87, 97 collective action clauses (CACs), 309, Article 24(2), 90 313, 314–319 Article 25, 97 collective labour agreements, 98–99, Article 26, 97 271–275 Article 28, 98–99 Commission.SeeEuropean Article 29, 97–98 Commission Article 30, 98 Commission v. United Kingdom, 58–59 Article 31, 98 Committee of Permanent Article 33, 97 Representatives of the Article 34, 97 Governments of the Member Article 36, 270–271 States, 26 Article 37, 97 Committee of the Regions, 55 Article 41, 212–213, 221 Common Commercial Policy (CCP), Article 42, 216 71–72, 192 Article 51, memorandum on, Common European Asylum System 92–93 (CEAS), 159 Article 51(1), 87–88, 89, 90–91, 92, Common Foreign and Security Policy 93, 95 (CFSP) Article 51(2), 86 distinct nature of, 189–192 Article 52(3), 101–102, 103, 110 excluded from ECJ jurisdiction, 191 Article 52(5), 97, 99–100, 101 High Representative of the Union for Convention for creation of, 82–83, Foreign Affairs and Security 96–97 Policy and, 24–25 effect on member states, 91–95 integration of, 188 effect on union institutions, 87–91 under Ombudsman’s mandate, 210 European Convention on Human overview, 18 Rights and, 101–104 President of the European Council genesis and drafting of, 81–83 and, 24 good administration, 212–213 Common Frame of Reference of judicial review, 104–108 European Contract Law (CFR), legal enforceability of, 218–219 231, 233, 234–235 origins and development of rights, Common Security and Defence Policy 79–81 (CSDP), 201 rights versus principles, 95–101 Communication on Migration, 182 Title IV, 84, 85, 86 Community method, 14–15, 20, UK/Poland Protocol, 84–87 47–48 children, rights of, 90 competences, 47–77 Chirac, Jacques, 83, 201 declaration of, 120–121 citizens’ initiatives (referenda), 34, 43, dormant, 74–76 138, 217–218 exclusive, 57–63 citizenship, 136–155 introduction, 47 broader concept of, 142–151 principles governing division of, implementation, 151–155 49–55 introduction, 136–137 shared, 63–67, 131 rights of, 137–142 supporting, 67

index 323

types of, 55–57 Craig, Paul, 4, 5, 6, 45, 60–61 unwritten dynamic, 67–74 criminal law, EU competences in the competition law, 252–283 ﬁeld of, 70 changes with potential cross-border economic activity, 239 transformative effects, 255–283 CSDP (Common Security and Defence cosmetic and minor changes to, Policy), 201 253–255 CT (Constitutional Treaty).See introduction, 252–253 European Constitution conferral (attribution of competence), Czech Republic, limited application of principle of, 50–51 Charter of Fundamental Rights to, Connollyv.15MemberStatesofthe 84 European Union, 113–114 Constitutional Treaty (CT).See Dashwood, A., 25 European Constitution DCFR (Draft Common Frame of Consumer Rights Directive, 230, 242, ReferenceofEuropeanContract 243 Law), 227–228, 230, 231–232, consumer welfare, 262–264 234–235 Continental Can case, 257 de Burca,´ G., 10 contract law, 227–251 De Grauwe, Paul, 318, 319 competence for, 236–249 de Witte, B., 94–95 emergence of, 230–235 Decision 2010/427/EU, 199, 200 introduction, 227–230 defence industries, 202, 203–204 Convention for creation of Charter of Dehousse, R., 12 Fundamental Rights, 82–83, Denmark, migration and asylum 96–97 policy, 162–163, 181 Convention on the Future of Europe, d’Estaing, Giscard, 1, 3, 35 92–93 development corporation, 198 co-respondent model, 125–128, 133 Directive 2004/38, 136, 152, 153, 154, Costa v. ENEL, 117 155 Council of Ministers (Council of the Directive 2009/43, 203 European Union) Directive 2009/81, 203 Community method, 14–15 disabled, rights of, 97 effectsofTreatyofLisbonon, dormant competence, 74–76 10–11 Dougan, M., 33 fragmented executive power, 19 Draft Common Frame of Reference of fragmented legislative power, 19 European Contract Law (DCFR), High Representative of the Union for 227–228, 230, 231–232, 234–235 Foreign Affairs and Security Dublin II Regulation of 2003 (Dublin Policy and, 25 system), 160, 162–163, 183 institutional triangle concept, 13–14 early warning (yellow-card) overview, 16–17 mechanism, 37, 38, 43, 53–54 reforms to, 23–28 EC.SeeEuropean Council supervision of execution of ECAS (European Citizen Action judgments, 134 Service), 154 Court of Auditors, 22–23 ECB (European Central Bank), 22–23, Court of Justice.SeeEuropean Court of 284, 291–292, 294, 295, 302–303, Justice; names of speciﬁc cases 304

324 index

ECHR.SeeEuropean Convention on European Citizen Action Service Human Rights (ECAS), 154 ECJ.SeeEuropean Court of Justice European Code of Good ECN (European Competition Administrative Behaviour, Network), 276 222–226 ECtHR.SeeEuropean Court of Human Article 11, 222 Rights; names of specific cases Article 12, 222 EDA (European Defence Agency), 202, Article 13, 223 203, 205 Article 14, 223 EDP (Excessive Deficit Procedure), Article 15, 223 286 European Commission EEA (European Economic Area), 117, Blue Card debate, 169 118 Community method, 14–15 EEAS (European External Action forwarding legislative proposals to Service), 194, 197–200 national parliaments, 36 EEC (European Economic fragmented executive power, 19 Community), 7, 79 High Representative of the Union for EFSF (European Financial Stability Foreign Affairs and Security Facility), 285–286, 288–289 Policy and, 25 EFSM (European Financial Stability increased politicisation of, 42 Mechanism), 284, 292 institutional triangle concept, EFTA (European Free Trade 13–14 Association), 118 overview, 16–41 elderly, rights of, 97 powers of Parliament over, 17 Enchelmaier, S., 149 reforms to, 30–32 environmental law, 97, 131–132 reports on citizenship, 151–155 EPC (European Political Community), review of legislation triggered by 79 national parliaments, 54 ERT (Elliniki Radiophonia Tileorassi role, functions and powers left AE) v. Dimotiki Etairia Pliroforissis essentially unchanged, 15 and Sotirios Kouvelas, 92, 93 size of, 30–31, 35 ERTA case, 61–62, 63 successive constraints on power of, ESM.SeeEuropean Stability 39–41 Mechanism; Treaty on the European Competition Network European Stability Mechanism (ECN), 276 ESM stability support (ESS), 303 European Constitution (Constitutional ETUC (European Trade Union Treaty) Confederation), 170, 176–177 Article I-3(2), 257 EU Blue Card, 165, 166, 168–170, Article I-8, 143 174–175 Article I-10(1), 139 Euro Plus Pact, 286–287 Article I-48(4), 141 EURODAC Regulation of 2000, 160, initial rejection by Ireland, 142–143 183 rejection by Netherlands and France, European Cartel Office, 277 2, 9, 142–143 European Central Bank (ECB), 22–23, UK’s signing of, 84–85 284, 291–292, 294, 295, 302–303, European Convention on Human 304 Rights (ECHR), 109–135

index 325

Article 1, 113, 114, 115 finesawardedincompetitionlaw, Article 3, 129 132 Article 6, 113, 129–130, 132, 133 interpretation of EU treaties, 120 Article 8, 130–131 joint liability, 121 Article 13, 129–130, 133 solution based on needs of Article 34, 114 applicant, 122–123 Article 35, 122, 124, 125 split of responsibility between Article 36, 125, 127–128 Member States and EU, 114–115 Article 36(1), 127–128 European Court of Justice (ECJ).See Article 46(2), 134 also names of specific cases Charter rights that correspond to accession to ECHR, 109 ECHR rights, 101–102 autonomy of EU law, 117–119 civil and political rights, 98–99 CFSP excluded from jurisdiction of, competition law, 259, 278, 279–280, 191 281–282 effectsofTreatyofLisbonon, introduction, 109–111 22–23 meaning and scope of Charter rights European Ombudsman and, 225 and, 103–104 infringement of subsidiarity member state action after accession, principle, 37, 55 114–128 judicial review of Charter of responsibility for violations of, Fundamental Rights, 104–108 112–114, 128–134 main mission of, 14 European Council (EC) member state action after accession catalyst for Charter of Fundamental to ECHR, 124–125 Rights, 82 Posting of Workers Directive, 180 consideration of elections to transfer of competences from Parliament, 44–45 Member States to EU, 74 effectsofTreatyofLisbonon, unwritten charter of rights, 79–80, 10–11, 22–23 103 High Representative of the Union for European Defence Agency (EDA), 202, Foreign Affairs and Security 203, 205 Policy and, 25 European Economic Area (EEA), 117, under Ombudsman’s mandate, 211 118 overview, 19 European Economic Community reforms to, 23–28 (EEC), 7, 79 Steering Committee for Human European External Action Service Rights (CDDH), 111, 115, (EEAS), 194, 197–200 119–120, 125, 127 European Financial Stability Facility European Court of Human Rights (EFSF), 285–286, 288–289 (ECtHR). See also names of specific European Financial Stability cases Mechanism (EFSM), 284, 292 co-respondent model, 126, 127, European Free Trade Association 128, 133 (EFTA), 118 declaration of competences, European Ombudsman, 210–226 120–121, 124 Charter of Fundamental Rights, legal exclusion of primary law from enforceability of, 218–219 jurisdiction of, 128 citizen petitions to, 152

326 index

European Ombudsman (cont.) capital structure, 300 civil society, consultation and flexibility of, 297 dialogue with, 217–218 governance of, 298–300 establishment of, 210 instruments of, 302–303 European Code of Good pricing, 306 Administrative Behaviour, private sector involvement, 222–226 307–314 introduction, 210 European Trade Union Confederation mandate for, 210–214 (ETUC), 170, 176–177 national parliaments, greater role Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP), for, 218 286 openness and transparency, exclusive competence, 57–63 216–217 arising from blocking effect of ERTA principles of good administration, doctrine, 61–63 221–222 arising from express power to public participation, 217–218 conclude international representative associations, agreements, 60–61 consultation and dialogue with, arising from need to exercise 217–218 internal competence, 61 right to good administration, meaning and categories of, 57–60 219–220 Explanations Relating to the Charter European Parliament (n 20), 93, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102 citizen petitions to, 152 Committee on Constitutional FAC (Foreign Affairs Council), 26 Affairs, 123 family and professional life, 97 Community method, 14–15 federalism.Seesupranationalism enhancement of powers of, 10, Financial Regulation, 221 11–12, 17, 39, 40–41 Fischer, Joschka, 21 European Code of Good Foreign Affairs Council (FAC), 26 Administrative Behaviour, 223 foreign and security policy, 185–209 European Council’s consideration of flexibility, 204–206 elections to, 44–45 institutional changes to, 194–201 fragmented legislative power, 19, 29 introduction, 185–187 institutional triangle concept, military capabilities, 202–204 13–14 mutual assistance clause, 206–207 Justice and Home Affairs issues, 172 structural changes to, 187–194 migration and asylum policy, Framework Agreement of 2010, 40 171–172 France, expulsion of Roma from, 174 reforms to, 28–30 free movement, 145–150, 258 European Political Community (EPC), 79 G10, 312–313 European Security Strategy, 186 Garton-Ash, Timothy, 186 European Stability Mechanism (ESM), Gates, Robert, 202 284–320.SeealsoTreaty on the gender equality, 87, 97 European Stability Mechanism General Affairs Council, 24 activation of financial assistance, Germany, European financial stability 304–306 provisions and, 285, 302–303, amendment of TFEU, 289–297 307, 315, 316

index 327

GlaxoSmithKline Unlimited v. main changes, 23–32 Commission, 263 post-Treaty of Lisbon, 22–23 good administration.Seealso potentialimpactof, 39–46 European Ombudsman pre-Treaty of Lisbon, 12–21 European Code of Good institutional triangle concept, 13–14, Administrative Behaviour, 21–36 222–226 Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) principles of, 221–222 2007 Mandate, 3 right to, 219–220 intergovernmentalism Greece CFSP and JHA versus EC, 18 ﬁnancial intervention in, 293–294, compromise with supranationalism, 315–316 11, 13, 32–33 Imia incident, 207 Internal Market project, 255, 256–257, 258, 260 Hague, William, 197 International Monetary Fund (IMF), Herzog, Roman, 83 284, 286, 295–296, 308–309, 317 High Representative of the Union for International Organisation for Foreign Affairs and Security Migration (IOM), 179 Policy (HR for FASP) International Transport Workers’ appointment of, 31 Federation & Finish Seamen’s establishment of, 24–25, 36 Union v. Viking Line ABP and OU¨ overview, 194–197 Viking Line Eesti, 273–274, 275 political accountability, 199–200 Internationale Handelsgesselschaft case, President of the Commission and, 79–80 42–43 IOM (International Organisation for President of the European Council Migration), 179 and, 42–43 Ireland Hix, S., 24–33 ﬁnancial crisis, 315 horizontal harmonisation power, 72, size of Commission, 30–31, 35 73–74 Ireland v. Parliament and Council, 243 HR for FASP.SeeHigh Representative Italianer, Alexander, 281 of the Union for Foreign Affairs Italy, migration and asylum policy, 181 and Security Policy Human Rights Act of 1998, 104, 105 JHA.SeeJustice and Home Affairs Hunt, M., 88 Johnston, A., 25 joint and several liability, 121–122 IGC (Intergovernmental Conference) joint liability, 121 2007 Mandate, 3 Judicial and Police Cooperation in ILO Opinion, 62 Criminal Matters, 188 IMF (International Monetary Fund), Juncker, Jean-Claude, 288 284, 286, 295–296, 308–309, 317 Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) Imia incident, 207 effectsofTreatyofLisbonon, 20–21 incomplete contracting, 4 immigration and asylum, 171 institutional framework, reforms to, overview, 18 7–46 Reception Conditions Directive, 163 assessment of, 32–46 immediate impact of, 33–39 Kissinger, Henry, 194 introduction, 7–12 Kuc¨ ukdeveci¨ case, 76

328 index

Laeken Declaration on the Future of mutual assistance clause (Article 42(7) the European Union, 33, 185, 240 TEU), 206–207 Lastra, R., 313 LavalunPartneriLtdv.Svenska national parliaments Byggnadsarbetareforbundet¨ , 180, contract law, 245–246 273–274 greater role for in legislative process, Least Restrictive Alternative (LRA) test, 218 258 role of, 36–38, 39, 53–55 Leila incident, 207 negative competence.Seedormant Lisbon Treaty.SeeTreaty of Lisbon competence Lock, Tobias, 5 NGOs (non-governmental Lodewijk Gysbrechts v. Santurel Inter organisations), migration and BVBA, 248–249 asylum policy, 179 Lopez´ Ostra v. Spain, 130–131 Nice Treaty.SeeTreaty of Nice LRA (Least Restrictive Alternative) test, non-governmental organisations 258 (NGOs), migration and asylum policy, 179 Maastricht Treaty.SeeTreaty of the European Union OECD Opinion, 62 Maduro, Miguel, 147, 148, 243 O’Leary, S., 151 Magnette, P., 12 Oliver, P., 149 maladministration, concept of, Ombudsman.SeeEuropean 212–213.SeealsoEuropean Ombudsman Ombudsman open method of coordination, 17–18 Malmstrom,¨ Cecilia, 174 Mangold case, 76 Pact on Competitiveness, 286–287 Matthews v. United Kingdom, 112, 114, Pam, Jeremiah, 313 129 Parliament.SeeEuropean Parliament; Members of the European Parliament national parliaments (MEPs) Pech, Laurent, 4 election of, 28–29 period of reﬂection, 2, 3, 4 who meant to represent, 29 personal data, 102 Merger Regulation, 252, 268 Petersen case, 145–146 Merkel, Angela, 287–288 Peterson, J., 20 migration policy, 156–184 PICUM (Platform for International after Treaty of Lisbon, 171–179 Cooperation on Undocumented introduction, 156–158 Migrants) and SOLIDAR, 179 outlook for, 179–184 Piris, Jean-Claude, 4, 12 politics of, 166–170 placement service, 97–98 between Tampere Council and Platform for International Cooperation Treaty of Lisbon, 164–166 on Undocumented Migrants Tampere Council meeting, legal and (PICUM) and SOLIDAR, 179 political context of, 158–159 Plaumann v. Commission, 282 Monnet, Jean, 15 Poland Morgan and Bucher, 145–146 limited application of Charter of Morocco, Leila incident, 207 Fundamental Rights, 83 Muntefering,¨ Franz, 169–170 Protocol (No 30), 84–87

index 329

Policy Plan on Asylum, 181 Rey, Jean-Jacques, 312 Policy Plan on Legal Migration, Roma, expulsion from France, 174 165–166, 175 Rome Treaty.SeeTreaty establishing Posting of Workers Directive, 180 the European Community; Treaty President of the Commission on the Functioning of the appointment of, 31, 44–45 European Union High Representative of the Union for Ruffert¨ case, 180 Foreign Affairs and Security Ruiz-Jarabo Colomer, Damaso,´ Policy and, 25, 42–43 145–146 nomination of, 17 Ryall, A., 150 President of the European Council and, 24, 42–43 Sales Directive, 230 President of the Council, 26 same-sex marriage, 102 President of the European Council Saramago, J., 1, 6 establishment of, 11, 24, 36 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 187, 255, 287–288 High Representative of the Union for Schauble,¨ Wolfgang, 315, 318 Foreign Affairs and Security Schengen Treaty, 158–159 Policy and, 42–43 Schutze,¨ R., 65 President of the Commission and, SEA (Single European Act of 1986), 42–43 17, 158 private law.Seecontract law Seasonal Workers Directive, 175–176 Prodi, Romano, 18–19, 169, 185 reactions from business, 178 proportionality, principle of, 49–55, reactions from NGOs and 258 International Organisation for Protocol (No. 26), 270 Migration, 179 Protocol (No. 27), 254, 264–265 reactions from trade unions, Protocol (No. 30; UK/Poland 176–177 Protocol), 84–87 security policy.Seeforeign and security Article 1(1), 84, 85–86 policy Article 1(2), 84, 85, 86 service culture, 213–214, 225–226. Article 2, 84, 85, 86 See also European Ombudsman content of, 84 services of general economic interest legal effect of, 85–87 (SGEI), 270 political background of, 84–85 Shackleton, M., 20 public access to documents, 216 shared competence, 63–67 Single European Act of 1986 (SEA), Qualiﬁcations Directive of 2004, 161, 17, 158 183 Single Permit Directive, 165–166, qualiﬁed majority voting (QMV), 174–175 27–28, 35 slavery and forced labour, 102 social security and social assistance, 97 Reception Conditions Directive of Socrates,´ Jose,´ 1 2003, 160–161, 163–164, 183 Soderman,¨ Jacob, 219–220, 222 Reding, Vivian, 174 SOLIDAR, 179 referenda (citizens’ initiatives), 34, 43, solidarity rights, 84, 85, 86 138, 217–218 sovereignism.See Regulation 1/2003, 276, 278, 280, 282 intergovernmentalism

330 index

space, EU competences in the field of, Article 2, 260 69 Article 4, 256–257 Spain, Leila incident, 207 Article 4(1), 260 sport, EU competences in the field of, Article 5(1), 236 69 Article 5(2), 51 subsidiarity, principle of, 37, 49–51, Article 5(3), 51–52 53–55, 131–132, 245–246 Article 12, 81 supporting competence, 67 Article 13, 81 supranationalism Article 18(2), 140 compromise with Article 20, 141 intergovernmentalism, 11, 13, Article 141, 81 32–33 Article 189, 29 EC competence, 47 Article 202, 26 EC versus CFSP and JHA, 18 competition law, 252 Treaty of Amsterdam Tampere Council meeting, 156 competition law, 257 asylum policy after, 159–164 enhancement of powers of legal and political context of, Parliament, 17 158–159 human rights, 81 migration policy after, 164–166 immigration and asylum, 171 Tas-Hagen and Tas case, 145–146 Schengen Agreement, 159 Task Force on Economic Governance, Treaty of Lisbon (TL) 285–286, 287, 294, 295 Article 1(b), 115 TEC.SeeTreaty establishing the basis of debate following adoption European Community; Treaty on of, 3 the Functioning of the European final recitals of preamble to, 7 Union not failed treaty or missed Term Sheet on the European Stability opportunity, 5–6 Mechanism, 288, 296, 297–298, optimism upon signing of, 1–2 301, 302–303, 304, 306, 307–308, practical replication of 309, 310, 313–315, 319 Constitutional Treaty, 9 TEU.SeeTreaty of the European Treaty of Maastricht.SeeTreaty of the Union European Union TFEU.SeeTreaty on the Functioning of Treaty of Nice the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights, Thibaut-Savigny debate, 232 218 third party intervention, 125–126 enhancement of powers of Timmermans, C., 124 Parliament, 17 TL.SeeTreaty of Lisbon Ireland and size of Commission, Tobacco Advertising case, 241–243, 30–31 247, 248–249 Parliament, 28 trade unions, migration and asylum Treaty of Rome.SeeTreaty establishing policy and, 176–177 the European Community; Treaty Treaty establishing the European on the Functioning of the Community (TEC; Treaty of European Union Rome).SeealsoTreaty on the Treaty of the European Union (TEU; Functioning of the European Treaty of Maastricht) Union Article 1, 137

index 331

Article 3(1)g, 254, 255, 256–257, citizenship rights, 137, 138 259–260, 264, 283 competition law, 256–257 Article 3(3), 260, 264 enhancement of powers of Article 4, 22, 144, 236 Parliament, 17 Article 4(1), 50 establishment of European Article 4(3), 127 Ombudsman, 210 Article 5, 48–49, 50–53, 144 EU established as encompassing Article 5(1), 236 framework, 18 Article 5(2), 50, 236 integration paradigm, 49 Article 5(3), 51, 131–132 pillar structure, 187–188 Article 5(4), 51–52 single market with free movement, Article 6, 84, 109–110 158 Article 6(1), 81, 83, 259 Title V, 201 Article 6(2), 81, 83, 109, 110, 115, Treaty on the European Stability 259 Mechanism (ESM).Seealso Article 7, 81 European Stability Mechanism Article 9, 33, 137–138 Article 4(1), 298 Article 10, 138 Article 4(2), 298 Article 10(2), 138, 141 Article 4(3), 298 Article 10(3), 138, 216 Article 4(4), 298 Article 10(4), 138 Article 4(6), 298 Article 11, 34 Article 5, 298–299 Article 11(4), 138 Article 5(5), 300 Article 14(2), 28, 29 Article 5(6), 299, 300 Article 15(1), 23 Article 5(7), 299, 300 Article 15(6), 24 Article 6(6), 299–300 Article 16(1), 26 Article 7, 300 Article 16(3), 27 Article 8, 300–301 Article 16(8), 216 Article 8(5), 301 Article 17(1), 198 Article 9(2), 301–302 Article 18(4), 195 Article 9(3), 301–302 Article 19, 254 Article 11(1), 301 Article 19(1), 118 Article 12, 302 Article 21(1), 193 Article 12(2), 308 Article 21(2), 193 Article 13, 296, 304 Article 21(3), 193 Article 14, 303 Article 24(1), 189, 191, 192 Article 14(4), 306 Article 24(3), 207 Article 15, 303 Article 27(3), 200 Article 16, 303 Article 31(2), 190 Article 32(2), 299 Article 40, 189–190, 191 Article 32(3), 299 Article 42(1), 201 Treaty on the Functioning of the Article 42(3), 202, 203 European Union (TFEU) Article 42(7), 206–207 Article 2, 48–49, 55, 67–68 Article 46(d), 81 Article 2(2), 57–58, 63–65, 131 Article 48, 117–118, 119, 128–129 Article 2(3), 62–63 Article 48(6), 288 Article 2(4), 189 Article 51, 264 Article 3, 48–49, 67–68

332 index

Treaty on the Functioning (cont.) Article 114(5), 132 Article 3(1), 59 Article 116, 255 Article 3(2), 59–62 Article 119, 318 Article 3(c), 260 Article 122(2), 284, 292–293, 294, Article 4, 48–49, 67–68 297 Article 4(1), 50 Article 125, 285, 288, 294, 295 Article 4(2), 57, 63, 66 Article 136(3), 291, 293, 295, 297, Article 5, 48–49, 67–68 303 Article 5(3), 52–53 Article 157, 87, 151 Article 5(4), 52 Article 189, 29 Article 6, 48–49, 67–68 Article 192, 131 Article 9, 265 Article 193, 131–132 Article 11(4), 141 Article 206, 71 Article 12, 264 Article 207, 71 Article 14, 270 Article 218, 110–111 Article 15(1), 216 Article 218(11), 110–111 Article 15(3), 216 Article 218(3), 195 Article 18, 138 Article 218(6), 110 Article 19, 138–139 Article 218(8), 110 Article 20, 137–138, 139–140, 143, Article 257, 283 149 Article 258, 152, 254 Article 20(1), 125 Article 263, 55, 125, 254, 282 Article 21, 140–141 Article 263(4), 133, 134 Article 21(1), 140 Article 265, 254 Article 21(2), 140 Article 267, 122, 254 Article 21(3), 140 Article 273, 299 Article 23, 141 Article 298, 224 Article 24, 141–142 Article 344, 118 Article 25, 151 Article 346, 203–204 Article 26, 238 Article 352, 51, 74, 240, 244 Article 48, 141 Article 352(2), 240 Article 48(6), 289–290 citizenship rights, 138–142 Article 83(1), 70 European Stability Mechanism, Article 83(2), 70 289–297 Article 101, 252, 253, 254, 266–268, Title II, 265 269–270, 281 Tryfonidou, A., 147, 148 Article 101(3), 276 Turkey, Imia incident, 207 Article 102, 252, 253, 254, 255–256, 269–270, 281 UK.SeeUnited Kingdom Article 103, 254 unanimity requirement for treaty Article 104, 254 amendments, 8, 11 Article 105, 253, 254 Unfair Contract Terms Directive, 230 Article 106, 254, 270, 271 unfair dismissal, 98 Article 107, 253–254 United Kingdom (UK) Article 108, 254 Human Rights Act, 105 Article 109, 254 limited application of Charter of Article 114, 66–67, 72, 73, 74, 132, Fundamental Rights, 83 237–249 Protocol (No 30), 84–87

index 333

United States (US) Vodafone Ltd and others v. Secretary of Open Government Plan, State for Business, Enterprise and 216–217 Regulatory Reform, 243 sending personal data to US Von Bar, C., 235 authorities under anti-terrorism programmes, 174 Wachauf case, 91 Uruguay, debt re-proﬁling, working conditions, 98 313 WTO Opinion, 62

Van Rompuy, Herman, 43, 286, 294, X and Y v. The Netherlands, 130 319 Viking case, 180 yellow-card (early warning) Vitorino, A., 96, 97 mechanism, 37, 38, 43, 53–54