Orion® Skyview™ Pro Intelliscope® Upgrade Kit #7885

instruction Manual Orion® SkyView™ Pro IntelliScope® Upgrade Kit #7885

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IN 274 REV B 12/05 Counterweight shaft lock nut

Encoder-to-encoder cable Right ascension encoder magnet ring

IntelliScope object locator Right ascension encoder hand controller 9V battery

3/32” hex key

Loctite liquid thread-locker

Hand controller cable Declination encoder

Declination adapter Socket-head cap screws

Declination encoder magnet ring Nylon hook-and-loop strip

Figure 1. The SkyView Pro IntelliScope Upgrade Kit.

2 Congratulations on your purchase of a SkyView Pro (SVP) IntelliScope Upgrade Kit. This kit contains all the parts needed to transform your SkyView Pro equatorial mount into a computerized system. Once installed, the IntelliScope object locator will direct your telescope to point to thousands of astronomical targets (over 14,000!) in the night sky. You’ll find yourself observing more objects in one night than you ever have before! Please take the time to read this instruction manual before attempting to install and use the SVP IntelliScope kit. If you do not have an Orion SkyView Pro equatorial mount, this kit will not work with your telescope.

while holding the ring stationary. Thread the ring until it is (Refer to Figure 1.) PARTS LIST completely seated, but do not firmly tighten it yet. If you are Qty. Description having trouble threading the ring all the way on, try removing the ring and cleaning the ring and mount threads with a 1 IntelliScope object locator hand controller household solvent. 1 Hand controller cable Threaded shaft 1 Right ascension encoder R.A. encoder 1 Right ascension encoder magnet ring magnet ring 1 Declination encoder 1 Declination encoder magnet ring 1 Declination adapter 4 Socket-head cap screws 1 Encoder-to-encoder cable 1 Counterweight shaft lock nut 1 9V battery 1 Nylon hook-and-loop strip Magnet 1 3/32” hex key Figure 2. The R.A. encoder magnet ring goes onto the threaded 1 Loctite single-use liquid thread-locker shaft just inside the rear of the mount’s R.A. axis. The ring’s surface with the magnet on it should face outwards.

3. Now, loosen the ring a few turns so some of the ring’s INSTALLATION ON THE threads are exposed (Figure 3). Apply some Loctite onto the exposed threads, and rethread the R.A. magnet ring SKYVIEW PRO MOUNT onto the shaft until tight. Allow approximately 30 minutes Installation requires a Phillips-head screwdriver in addition to for the Loctite to bond. Once cured, you should not be able the supplied hex key. Give yourself at least an hour to complete to easily unthread the R.A. magnet ring. the required assembly. Installation is easiest if the telescope tube is removed from the mount. The installation procedure is broken into three parts: encoder installation, cable and hand controller installation, and then encoder “tuning”.

Encoder Installation 1. Remove the polar axis finder scope from the mount. The polar axis finder scope cannot be used when the SkyView Pro IntelliScope system is installed. For visual purposes, just sighting Polaris along the right ascension (R.A.) axis will be sufficient. For precise polar aligning for long- exposure astrophotography, try using the drift alignment method. Exposed threads 2. Install the R.A. encoder magnet ring into the rear of the R.A. axis of the mount (Figure 2). The magnet on the ring’s surface should be facing outward. The ring threads onto Figure 3. Loosen the R.A. encoder magnet ring a few turns in the exterior threads of where the polar axis finder scope is order to expose a few threads to apply the Loctite onto. normally installed. It is OK to use the magnetic strip itself as a fingertip “grip” when threading the ring, just be careful not to displace or damage the magnet. You can also 4. Loosen the four Phillips-head screws on the exterior perim- tighten the ring by rotating the mount about its R.A. axis eter of the R.A. encoder a couple of turns, then press the

3 R.A. encoder onto the rear casting of the SVP mount’s Lock levers R.A. axis (Figure 4). The slot in the encoder’s housing should line up with the casting feature on the rear of the mount’s R.A. axis. Do not retighten the screws on the exterior of the R.A. encoder yet.

Slot in Dec. adapter

Slot in R.A. Figure 6. The Dec. adapter installs into the bottom of the mount’s encoder Dec. axis. It clamps onto the inner diameter of the casting. The slot housing in the Dec. adapter should be on the same side of the mount as the R.A. and Dec. lock levers. Casting feature on mount Exterior threads Figure 4. With the Phillips head screws loosened, press the R.A. encoder onto the rear of the mount’s R.A. axis. Note that the slot in Dec. encoder the encoder housing should line up with the casting feature on the magnet ring mount.

5. Remove the counterweight shaft from the mount. 6. Thread the four socket head cap screws into the Dec. adapter (Figure 5). Only thread the screws in a couple of turns, for now; use the hex key to do this.

Magnet Figure 7. The Dec. encoder magnet ring goes onto the exterior threads where the counterweight shaft is normally mounted. The ring’s surface with the magnet on it should face outwards.

when threading the ring, just be careful not to displace or damage the magnet. You can also tighten the ring by rotating the mount about its Dec. axis while holding the ring stationary. Thread the ring until it is completely seated, but do not firmly tighten it yet. If you are having trouble Figure 5. The four socket head cap screws go into the Dec. threading the ring all the way on, try removing the ring adapter. Only thread the screws a couple of turns for now. and cleaning the ring and mount threads with a household solvent. 7. Install the Dec. adapter into the bottom of the mount’s 9. Now, loosen the ring a few turns so some of the ring’s Dec. casting (Figure 6). This is where the counterweight threads are exposed (Figure 8). Apply some Loctite onto shaft was removed from. The Dec. adapter clamps onto the exposed threads, and rethread the Dec. magnet ring the inner diameter of the casting. Push the adapter into onto the shaft until tight. Allow approximately 30 minutes the casting until the adapter is fully seated. Rotate the for the Loctite to bond. Once cured, you should not be able Dec. adapter so the slot in it is on the same side of the to easily unthread the Dec. magnet ring. mount as the R.A. and Dec. lock levers. Now, thread the socket head cap screws tightly to clamp the adapter to the 10.Loosen the four screws on the exterior perimeter of mount. the Dec. encoder a couple of turns, and press the Dec. encoder onto the Dec. adapter previously installed (Figure 8. Thread the Dec. magnet ring onto the exterior threads of 9). The slot in the Dec. adapter should line up with the where the counterweight shaft connects to (Figure 7). The modular jack in the Dec. encoder. Do not retighten the magnet on the ring’s surface should be facing outward. It Phillips-head screws on the exterior of the Dec. encoder is OK to use the magnetic strip itself as a fingertip “grip” yet.

4 R.A. encoder modular jack (6-pin) Dec. encoder modular jack (4-pin)

Encoder-to-encoder cable

R.A. encoder modular jack (4-pin)

Exposed threads

Hand controller Figure 8. Loosen the Dec. encoder magnet ring a few turns in modular jack (6-pin) order to expose a few threads to apply the Loctite onto.

Slot

Modular jack

Hand controller cable Figure 9. The Dec. encoder installs onto the Dec. adapter. The slot in the Dec. adapter should line up with the Dec. encoder’s Figure 10. SkyView Pro IntelliScope cable installation. modular jack. “Tuning” the Encoders Cable and Hand Controller Installation Now that the encoders are installed, and the cabling is con- 11.Slide the battery cover off the back of the IntelliScope nected, the encoders must be “tuned” for best performance. object locator hand controller and insert the 9-volt alkaline Tuning generally consists of seating the encoders onto the battery. Make sure the positive and negative terminals of encoder magnet rings while checking the encoder perfor- the battery are oriented as shown in the bottom of the bat- mance through a diagnostic routine in the hand controller. tery compartment. Replace the battery cover. While this may sound confusing at first, it is quite easy to do, 12.Plug one end of the encoder-to-encoder cable (flat cable) and will ensure best pointing accuracy of the assembled sys- into the modular jack in the Dec. encoder. tem. 13.Plug the other end of the encoder-to-encoder cable into 17.Access the “hidden functions” of the IntelliScope object the smaller (4-pin) modular jack in the R.A. encoder. locator hand controller. This is done by simultaneously 14.Plug one end of the hand controller cable (curly cable) into pressing the Power and Enter buttons. the larger (6-pin) modular jack in the R.A. encoder. 18.Use the up and down scroll buttons (the buttons with 15.Plug the other end of the hand controller cable into the arrows on them) until “ENCODER TEST” appears on the 6-pin modular jack in the top of the object locator hand LCD screen. Press Enter. controller. 19.Two rows of numbers will be displayed. The first row of 16.The nylon hook-and-loop strip is included to provide some- numbers corresponds to data from the Dec. encoder, while where to place the hand controller when it is not in active the second row of numbers corresponds to data from the use. Peel off the adhesive backing, and affix one strip to R.A. encoder. Rotate the mount about each axis to see the back of the hand controller, and the other strip to a how the numbers on each row will change. convenient location on the mount.

5 and reinstall the encoder. For the Dec. encoder, additional Dec. radius number tuning can be done by rotating the Dec. adapter relative to R.A. radius number the mount (i.e. so the slot in it is oriented differently than shown in Figure 6). Also, be sure the magnet rings are not cross-threaded on the mount. 23.Tighten the four Phillips head screws on the exterior perimeter of each encoder. Be sure to tighten all four screws on each encoder equally. Once both encoders are tuned, the counterweight shaft and counterweight(s) can be re-installed on the mount. The shaft now requires a new lock nut, however, to accom- modate the installed Dec. encoder. 24.Remove the counterweight from the counterweight shaft. This will require removing the “toe saver” from the base of the shaft. 25.Remove the counterweight lock nut on the counterweight Figure 11. In the “ENCODER TEST”, the third number in each shaft. Replace it with the supplied counterweight lock nut. row is called the “radius number”; this number will help you tune the Thread the lock nut all the way onto the shaft. The narrow encoders for best performance. end of the lock nut should be closest to the threaded end 20.The third number in each of the two rows is called the of the shaft (Figure 13). “radius number” (Figure 11). The goal in tuning the encoders is to get this number above 40 but below 110 for each Narrow end of counterweight lock nut encoder. Also, the radius numbers should not change by more than about 25 counts when either axis of the telescope mount is rotated. Threaded end of counterweight shaft 21.Tune the encoders by seating them onto the magnet rings. The three posts on the interior of the encoders should Figure 13. The supplied counterweight lock nut replaces the one contact the rings just inside the magnets (Figure 12). If the that is on the SkyView Pro mount. Orient the lock nut on the shaft radius number is too low, press the encoder more firmly as shown. onto the magnet ring. If the radius number is too high, carefully pull the encoder slightly away from the magnet 26.Reinstall the counterweight shaft through the Dec. encoder ring. Perfect seating will be obtained when the posts just and into the equatorial mount. Thread the shaft as far as make contact with the ring. it will go into the mount, then secure it in place by threading the newly installed counterweight lock nut clockwise on the shaft as far as it will go. 27.Replace the counterweight and “toe saver” on the counterweight shaft. The IntelliScope system is now installed on the SkyView Pro mount. When transporting the mount, be careful not to bump or otherwise damage the encoders. We recom- mend transporting the mount in a padded case with the head oriented so the weight of the mount does not rest on the encoders. Before taking the system into the field at night, a reference mark to indicate the required initial position of the mount must be made. Ring surface Posts Making the Dec=0° Reference Mark Figure 12. When properly seated, the three posts on the interior In order for the IntelliScope object locator to properly align the of the encoder should seat just inside the magnet on the ring. SkyView Pro mount with the night sky, the mount first needs 22.Now, rotate each axis of the mount, and watch to see how to be set to an initial position. This initial position is when the much the radius number changes. If the radius number mount is at precisely zero degrees declination (Dec. = 0°) and does not vary by more than about 15 to 20 counts on either the telescope is pointing to the western sky. To consistently axis, encoder tuning is complete. If the radius number does and easily set the mount to this initial position, a reference vary by more than 20 counts for either or both axis, then mark will need to be made. In order to make the reference the encoder is not properly installed. Pull the encoder off, mark, the (mechanical) declination setting circle must first be calibrated with the mount. To do this:

6 Telescope pointing to relative west a. b. c.

0° on Dec. setting circle

Figure 14a-c. (14a.) To make the Dec = 0° reference mark, first orient the mount so that the telescope tube is parallel with the R.A. axis and the counterweight shaft is horizontal. (14b) Once a distant object is centered with the latitude L-bolts and azimuth adjustment knobs, rotate the mount precisely 180° in R.A. using the R.A. mechanical setting circle as a reference. (14c)There are two 0° marks on the Dec. setting circle; use the one that points the telescope to relative west (i.e. the R.A. axis points to relative north).

1. Rotate the mount about the declination axis until the tele- 10.Rotate the Dec. setting circle and set it so the Dec. setting scope is parallel with the R.A. axis. Tighten the Dec. axis circle indicator arrow points to precisely 90°. lock lever. Rotate the mount about the R.A. axis until the 11.Retighten the thumbscrews on the Dec. setting circle. counterweight shaft is horizontal (Figure 14a). 12.Rotate the mount in R.A. so that the counterweight shaft is 2. Locate a distant object that is at least 1⁄4 of a mile away. pointing downwards. 3. Lift and rotate the entire mount, and use the latitude adjust- 13.Loosen the Dec. lock lever and rotate the mount 90° in dec- ment L-bolts to center the distant object in the field of view lination so the Dec. setting circle indicator arrow points to of the telescope (with a 25mm or shorter focal length eye- 0° on the Dec. setting circle. Do not use the Dec. slow- piece). Do not make adjustments to the right ascension or motion control knob at this time. There are two 0° marks declination of the mount to center the object. You can use on the Dec. setting circle; use the one that positions the the mount’s azimuth adjustment knobs to fine-adjust the telescope tube so it is pointing to relative west (i.e. the R.A. left-to-right positioning. axis of the mount points to relative north, see Figure 14c). 4. Once the object is centered, rotate the mount precisely Retighten the Dec. lock lever. 180° in right ascension. Use the R.A. mechanical setting The mount is now in its proper initial position for IntelliScope circle as a reference, and rotate the mount 12 hours (180°) object locator alignment. To be able to easily return to this in R.A. from its initial position (Figure 14b). position at night, make a reference mark on the mount. This 5. Now, look in the eyepiece again. The object that was cen- will require a straightedge and a razor (or some other tool tered prior should be somewhere within the field of view. capable of fine etching the mount...a sharp Phillips-head Use the Dec. slow-motion control knob to bring the object screwdriver or a nail, for example). half the distance back to center in the up-and-down direc- 14.Place the straightedge on the mount so that it bisects both tion. Do not worry about left-to-right centering for the time the Dec. setting circle indicator arrow and the 0° declina- being. If the object is not in the eyepiece’s field of view, use tion mark on the Dec. setting circle (Figure 15a). the (aligned) finderscope’s field of view to bring the object half the distance back to center in the up-and-down direc- 15.Etch the mount across the 0° declination mark on the Dec. tion. setting circle and onto the top part of the mount’s declination casting (Figure 15b). 6. Re-center the object in the eyepiece using the latitude adjustment L-bolts and the azimuth adjustment knobs. The reference mark is now ready for use. When instructed to “ALIGN DEC MARK” by the IntelliScope object locator, 7. Rotate the mount precisely 180° in R.A. again until the simply align the etched 0° declination mark on the Dec. mount is back to the initial position. setting circle with the etched reference mark on the Dec. 8. Repeat steps 5 through 7 until the centered object stays casting by rotating the setting circle, and then rotate the centered in the up-and-down direction when rotating 180° mount in declination so the reference mark and 0° declina- in right ascension. tion mark align with the Dec. setting circle indicator arrow Note: If the object does not stay somewhat centered in the left- (as in Figure 15b). to-right direction when rotating the mount 180° in R.A., then you probably have some optical axis offset error in your setup. If your resultant pointing accuracy is somewhat poor, consult Appendix B to reduce the optical axis offset error. 9. Loosen the two small thumbscrews on the Dec. setting circle on the mount.

7 controller to turn off. If the controller does turn off, you will need a. to perform the initial alignment procedure again. If the LCD screen and the buttons’ backlighting automatically begin to dim, it’s time to change batteries. Note Regarding Polar Alignment The mount does not need to be polar aligned for the IntelliScope system to work properly to find objects. It is useful, however, to at least perform a rough polar alignment of the Upper Dec. mount. By doing this, objects will remain centered in the field of casting view of the telescope over time by periodically rotating the R.A. slow-motion control knob. A motor can also be added to make tracking automatic. Dec. setting circle 0° on Dec. indicator arrow setting circle Initial Dec=0° Alignment After powering up the object locator hand controller, the top line of the LCD display will read either “ALIGN DEC MARK” or “POINT VERTICAL”. If the display reads “POINT VERTICAL”, then press the scroll up button until it reads “ALIGN DEC MARK”. (“POINT VERTICAL” is for using the object locator with the Orion IntelliScope Dobsonians.) Now, align the reference marks on the Dec. setting circle and upper Dec. casting of the mount with the Dec. setting circle indicator arrow, as they are in Figure 15b. The telescope tube should be pointing west, as it is in Figure 14c. If the tube is facing east, you will need to remove the tube from the mount, rotate it by 180°, and replace it on the mount. When the reference marks are aligned, press the Enter button. You are now ready to begin star alignment. b. Simple Two-Star Alignment Figure 15a-b.(15a.) Once the mount is in the proper Dec = 0° After setting the Dec = 0° initial position, a simple two-star position, use a straightedge and sharp object to etch a reference alignment process is all that is needed to ready the IntelliScope mark into the mount. Place a straightedge on the mount so that it system for operation. This is a great simplification from other bisects the Dec. setting circle indicator and 0° on the setting circle computerized systems, which require you to enter data such itself. (15b.) Etch the mount across the setting circle and onto the as your longitude, latitude, and time zone. For the IntelliScope upper Dec. casting of the mount. controller to accurately find objects, you only need to center two bright stars in your telescope and indicate to the controller which two stars you have centered. This is quite easy to do. ALIGNING THE For your convenience, we have provided finder charts for the INTELLISCOPE OBJECT alignment stars in Appendix C. Use the finder chart to locate and identify two bright stars in your current night sky. For best LOCATOR results, choose two stars that are at least 60° apart from each other. (The width of your fist at arm’s length is about 10°, so Powering the Object Locator Hand Controller you want the stars to be at least six fist-widths apart.) To turn the hand controller on, firmly press the Power button. So, the optical tube is now in the Dec = 0° initial position and The LED lights will activate and the LCD screen will display its you’ve chosen two bright stars in the sky to use for alignment. introduction message. The intensity of the illumination can be The telescope should have a high power eyepiece, such as adjusted by repeatedly pressing the Power button. There are the 10mm Sirius Plössl, in the eyepiece holder and the finder five levels of LED brightness. Choose a brightness level that scope should be aligned with the telescope. The LCD screen suits your conditions and needs. (Dimmer settings will prolong will state on its top line “ALIGN STAR 1,” with the name of a battery life.) star flashing on the second line. To turn the controller off, press and hold the Power button for a Use the arrow buttons to scroll through the names of the few seconds, then release it. alignment stars. The up arrow button scrolls through the stars To conserve battery life, the controller is programmed to shut alphabetically from A to Z. The down arrow button scrolls itself off after being idle for 50 minutes. So, make sure to press alphabetically backwards, from Z to A. When you arrive at the a button at least once every 50 minutes if you do not want the name of the star you wish to align on, you can begin to move

8 the telescope so that it is pointing at that star (but don’t press Using Additional Star Alignments the Enter button yet). A clever feature of the IntelliScope object locator is its ability to Note: The controller will not accept Polaris as the first alignment use multiple star alignments in order to improve pointing accu- star. This helps prevent the pointing accuracy from decreasing racy across the entire sky. While two-star alignment may be over time. For equatorial mounts, it is not recommended that adequate for most applications, using one-to-three additional Polaris be used as an alignment star. alignment stars (five total) will help reduce inherent pointing errors in the mount. These errors can be due to many factors, Move the telescope so it is pointing in the general area of the none of which are easily remedied by mechanical means. alignment star. Aim the telescope so the alignment star appears in the finder scope. Be careful not to confuse the alignment To use multiple alignment stars: star with other stars in the area when doing this. (The align- 1. Perform the 2-star alignment as outlined previously. ment star will likely be the brightest star in the field of view.) 2. Press the Star button on the object locator. Now, move the telescope until you have centered the star on the crosshairs of the finder scope. Look into the eyepiece of 3. Use the scroll buttons to get to “STAR NAMED” on the hand the telescope, and you should see the alignment star in the controller’s LCD screen. Press Enter. field of view of the eyepiece. If it isn’t, then your finder scope is 4. Use the scroll buttons to select the next star you would like out of alignment with your telescope and will need to be adjust- to align on. ed. Once the alignment star is in the eyepiece’s field of view, center it in the eyepiece as best you can by using the R.A. and 5. When the name of the star you want appears, point the Dec. slow-motion control knobs. (If you have one, an illumi- telescope at that star. You can use the guide arrows and nated reticle eyepiece is great for centering alignment stars). numbers on the hand controller’s LCD screen to guide the Once this is done, press the Enter button on the controller. You telescope to the star’s location; it should appear as the have now completed one-half of the two-star alignment. brightest star in the finderscope. The LCD screen will now read “ALIGN STAR 2” on the first line 6. Center the star in the (high-power) eyepiece. It is conve- with an alignment star’s name flashing on the second line. As nient to use the R.A. and Dec. slow-motion control knobs to before, scroll through the names of the stars with the arrow do this. buttons until you reach your second chosen alignment star. 7. Press the FCN button on the hand controller. Then press Repeat the procedure described above for your second align- the Enter button. ment star. When you have aligned on the second star, press 8. The hand controller will now display “ALIGN STAR 3” on the the Enter button. The LCD will then display a number. It is the first line with the centered star’s name on the second line. alignment error factor, or “warp” (W) factor. Pressing Enter again will complete the alignment. Make sure the star is indeed still centered in the eyepiece before The Alignment Error (Warp) Factor pressing Enter. The “warp” alignment error factor essentially lets you know if your alignment was accurate or not. Ideally, this number should You can repeat this process two more times for a total of be as low as possible, but any “W” of 0.7 or smaller is usually five alignment stars. Aligning on a sixth star will simply acceptable (regardless of + or - sign). Warp factors of ±0.3 and overwrite the first alignment star’s position. ±0.4 are most common. Warp factors under ±0.2 are typically For best results, it is recommended that at least two stars not achievable. If you complete an alignment and the warp fac- on each side of the meridian are used for alignment (i.e. tor is larger than ±0.7 (e.g., +0.8, -0.8, +0.9, -0.9, etc.), then two stars in eastern sky and two stars in western sky). If you must turn the controller off (by holding down the Power using less than four alignment stars, make sure at least one button) and begin the alignment procedure again. Otherwise, star is on either side of the meridian. there is no guarantee the object locator will consistently place objects within the field of view of a medium-low power eyepiece. OVERVIEW OF An unacceptable warp factor may indicate you aligned on the CONTROLLER wrong star or did not have the telescope precisely at the Dec = 0° initial position. If you are having problems getting the warp The IntelliScope object locator hand controller has been specif- factor at or below ±0.7, see the troubleshooting section in ically designed for ease of use. This section will help familiarize Appendix A. you with the basic layout and operation of the controller. Your IntelliScope object locator is now ready to find objects. Pushbuttons Replace the high-powered eyepiece you used for centering the Besides the Power, Enter, ID, FCN, and up/down scroll alignment stars with a low-power, wide-field eyepiece, such as arrows, all pushbuttons have letters on them with numbers the 25mm Sirius Plössl. above them. The letters designate the function of the pushbut- The simple two-star alignment will provide adequate pointing ton. The numbers above them are used for entering numerical accuracy. For best pointing accuracy across the entire sky, it is data only; the numbers are never active until a function is first recommended that more star alignments be made. chosen. The numbers are arranged like a telephone keypad for ease of number entry. None of the function buttons will work

9 a. b. c.

Figure 16a-c. This sequence of pictures illustrate how the controller’s guide arrows will look as you are finding an object. (a.) When you are far away from the object, there will be a number (from 10 to 179) to the left of the guide arrows. (b.) When you are close to the object, each guide arrow will display a number on its immediate left (from 0 to 9) and immediate right (from 0 to 9); the number on the left is whole number increments, while the number on the right is in increments of tenths. This helps in making small movements to the telescope to pinpoint the object’s location. (c.) When the guide arrows display “0.0 0.0”, the object will be within the field of view of the telescope (with a 25mm or longer focal length eyepiece). properly until an initial 2-star alignment, as outlined previously, Locating the Planets is completed. If you press a function button before the two- The most popular objects for viewing, after the Moon, are the star alignment is completed, the controller will display “MUST planets. Since the other eight planets in our solar system are STAR ALIGN.” Turn the unit off, then on again (by using the also orbiting the Sun, they do not appear in fixed positions in Power button), to begin the alignment routine again. the night sky like deep sky objects and stars do. Because of this, the object locator requires you to input the date before it The Guide Arrows and Numbers can find the planets. The controller leads you to astronomical targets with guide To find planets with your IntelliScope object locator, use the arrows and numbers displayed on the LCD screen. After an following procedure: object is selected to view, you will see two guide arrows with numbers next to them, one that points left or right, and one 1. Press the Planet button on the hand controller. that points up or down. The left or right arrow corresponds 2. The LCD screen will display a date similar to the follow- to the R.A. axis while the up or down arrow corresponds to ing: the Dec. axis. The number next to each guide arrow indicates DATE 01 MAY 2005 how far the telescope needs to be moved to reach the selected object. As you move the telescope toward the object, this 3. The number after the word “DATE” will be flashing and number will decrease. When the number goes below ten, the represents the day of the month. Input the two-digit day figure will be displayed in tenths; this helps to make small, using the number buttons. precise movements (with the slow-motion control knobs) to 4. The three-letter month will now be flashing. Use the arrow the telescope in order to bring the object into your field of view. buttons to scroll to the present month and then press the When both numbers reach zero, stop moving the telescope. Enter button. The object will be within the field of view of a medium-low power eyepiece (25mm focal length or longer). 5. Now the year will flash. Input the year using the number buttons. For example, look at Figure 16a, which shows an LCD screen for someone trying to locate M51, otherwise known as the If you make a mistake while inputting the date, press the Whirlpool Galaxy. The first arrow is pointing right and gives a Enter button at any time while still within the Planet button number of 34. The second arrow is pointing up and displays function. The LCD screen will then display the last date input, the number 12. When you are close to M51, the numbers will with the two-digit day after the word “DATE” flashing. Input the be displayed in tenths, as is shown in Figure 16b. When the correct date as outlined previously. numbers reach zero (Figure 16c), the telescope will be point- Now, to choose a planet to view, press the up/down arrow ed right at the Whirlpool Galaxy. buttons and scroll through the planets. The planet’s name will It is easiest to move the telescope in one direction at a time be displayed in the upper left section of the LCD screen, with (say R.A.) until the corresponding number reaches “0.0”. Then the guide arrows and numbers on the upper right of the LCD move the scope in the other direction (Dec.) until that number screen. Move the telescope as shown by the guide arrows also reads “0.0”. and numbers. The lower left screen shows the constellation the planet appears in, with its present co-ordinates given in right ascen-

10 sion and declination. When you are finished viewing the PLUTO planet, you may scroll to another planet by using the arrow Smaller than our own Moon, Pluto is very, very faint and buttons. shows little more than a point of light similar to a star. Even The planetary features and details you can see will vary from the Hubble Space Telescope is unable to show much detail planet to planet. The following descriptions give a brief over- on Pluto. Many amateur astronomers note how Pluto moves view of what to expect when viewing them: with respect to background stars (over several nights) in order MERCURY to confirm their observation of our most remote planet. Mercury is often so close to the Sun that it cannot be seen. Locating Deep Sky Objects by Catalog Sometimes it is visible for a brief period after the Sun sets, Catalogs are groups of deep sky objects that have been and sometimes it’s visible in the morning just before the Sun assembled and given designations. Very often a deep sky rises. Mercury does not really show any detail, but is quite object will have a catalog number, as well as a “common” bright. With your telescope, you will be able to investigate this name. For example, the Orion Nebula is listed in the Messier planet’s orange-colored hue. Like Venus, Mercury sometimes catalog as “M42.” The controller has three catalogs built-in: appears as a crescent, rather than as a full disk. The Messier catalog (M), the New General Catalog (NGC), VENUS and the Index Catalog (IC). Many of the objects in the Messier At its brightest, Venus is the most luminous object in the sky, catalog also have NGC catalog designations. excluding the Sun and the Moon. It is so bright that sometimes A. The Messier Catalog it is visible to the naked eye during full daylight! Ironically, The Messier catalog contains 110 galaxies, nebulas, and star Venus appears as a thin crescent, not a full disk, when at its clusters identified by the famous French astronomer Charles peak brightness. Because it is close to the Sun, it never wan- Messier and his colleagues in the late 1700’s. These are ders too far from the morning or evening horizon. No surface some of the most popular celestial attractions observed by markings can be seen on Venus, which is always shrouded in amateur astronomers. dense clouds. To view an object from the Messier catalog, press the M but- MARS ton. Then enter the number of the Messier object you wish to The Red Planet makes its closest approach to Earth every view using the numeric buttons and press the Enter button. two years. During close approaches you’ll see a red disk, pos- For example, to view Messier 57, also known as “the Ring sibly some light and dark regions, and maybe the polar ice Nebula,” you would press the M button, then press the “5” but- cap. To see surface detail on Mars, you will need a high power ton, then press the “7” button, followed by the Enter button. eyepiece and very steady air! If the number of the Messier object you wish to view contains JUPITER three digits, it is not necessary to press Enter after inputting the third digit. The largest planet, Jupiter, is a great subject for observation. You can see the disk of the giant planet and watch the ever- The object’s catalog designation will be shown in the upper changing positions of its four largest moons — Io, Callisto, left corner of the display screen, with the guide arrows and Europa, and Ganymede. Higher power eyepieces should numbers in the upper right. The lower left will display the bring out the cloud bands on the planet’s disk and maybe constellation the object resides in and the object’s common even the Great Red Spot. name (if it has one) or a brief description of the object. Move the telescope as shown by the guide arrows and numbers to SATURN locate the object. The ringed planet is a breathtaking sight when it is well posi- You can get more information about the selected object by tioned. The tilt angle of the rings varies over a period of many pressing the Enter button. The second line of the LCD display years; sometimes they are seen edge-on, while at other times will then cycle information about the object you are viewing they are broadside and look like giant “ears” on each side of such as its celestial coordinates (R.A. and Dec.), magnitude Saturn’s disk. A steady atmosphere (good seeing) is neces- (brightness), size (in arc-minutes or arc-seconds), and a brief sary for a good view. You will probably see a bright “star” close scrolling text description. by, which is Saturn’s brightest moon, Titan. When you are finished viewing the selected Messier object, URANUS you may scroll to another Messier object by using the arrow Uranus is a faint planet, and requires high powers (at least buttons, or you can select another Messier object to view by 100x) before it starts to show any detail that distinguishes it pressing the M button again. from stars. Uranus will appear as a pale, blue-green disk. B. The New General Catalog NEPTUNE The New General Catalog, or NGC, is a catalog of some Like Uranus, Neptune will require high powers before showing 7,840 deep-sky objects compiled by the Danish astronomer J. anything to distinguish itself from stars. Neptune will appear L. E. Dreyer more than 100 years ago. It contains hundreds of as a bluish-colored disk, possibly with a very faint moon near- excellent examples of each type of deep sky object and is the by if you are using a large-aperture telescope. most well known and used catalog by amateur astronomers

11 beyond the already mentioned Messier catalog. To be more (brightness), size (in arc-minutes or arc-seconds), and a brief precise, the version of the New General Catalog used in the scrolling text description. IntelliScope object locator is an improved version known as When you are finished viewing the selected IC object, you the “Revised New General Catalog”; this version has many may scroll to another IC object by using the arrow buttons, or corrections from Dreyer’s original list. you can select another IC object to view by pressing the IC To view an object from the NGC catalog, press the NGC but- button again. ton. Then enter the number of the NGC object you wish to view using the numeric buttons and press Enter. For example, to Locating Objects by Object Type view the Andromeda Galaxy, which is listed as NGC224, you Rather that trying to select objects by catalog numbers, would press the NGC button, then the “2” button twice, then you may wish to simply view certain types of objects. This the “4” button, followed by the Enter button. If the number of is where the Nebula, Galaxy, and Cluster buttons come in the NGC object you wish to view contains four digits, it is not handy. These buttons will access a selection of the best and necessary to press Enter after inputting the fourth digit. brightest nebulas, galaxies, and star clusters in the night sky. The object’s catalog designation will be shown in the upper left The Nebula, Cluster, and Galaxy buttons are organized by corner of the LCD screen, with the guide arrows and numbers constellation. So, before using these buttons, decide in which in the upper right. The lower left will show the constellation constellation you would like to observe an object. Choose a the object resides in, and the object’s common name (if it has constellation that is at least 40° high in the sky to get the best one) or a brief description of the object will be shown in the view. If you are unsure of the constellations currently visible in lower right. Move the telescope as shown by the guide arrows your night sky, consult Appendix C. and numbers. A. Locating Nebulas You can get more information about the selected object by Among the most beautiful objects in the night sky, nebulas are pressing the Enter button. The second line of the LCD display clouds of dust and gas that are lit by a nearby stellar source. will then cycle information about the object you are viewing There are several different types of nebulas; emission nebu- such as its celestial coordinates (R.A. and Dec.), magnitude las, which are where star systems form, planetary nebulas, (brightness), size (in arc-minutes or arc-seconds), and a brief which are the result of a star dying, and reflection nebulas, scrolling text description. which are caused by dust reflecting starlight. Most have low When you are finished viewing the selected NGC object, you surface brightness, so a dark sky free of light pollution is best may scroll to another NGC object by using the arrow buttons, for a night of observing nebulas. or you can select another NGC object to view by pressing the To view a nebula, press the Nebula button on the control- NGC button again. ler. The LCD screen will then display the word “NEBULA” C. The Index Catalog with a flashing three-letter constellation designation after it. The Index Catalog, or IC, contains 5,386 objects discovered Now, select the constellation in which you would like to view in the decade or so after the NGC catalog was first published. a nebula. Use the arrow buttons to scroll through the list of This list contains objects similar to the NGC, but IC objects constellations. If you are unsure which constellation the three- are typically fainter and more difficult to observe. letter designation represents, refer to Appendix D. Once you have selected the constellation, press Enter. A nebula in that To view an object from the IC catalog, press the IC button. constellation will now appear on the LCD screen, along with Then input the number of the IC object you wish to view using the guide arrows and numbers to lead you to the nebula. The the numeric buttons and press the Enter button. For example, current constellation is shown in the lower left, and the nebu- to view the Flaming Star Nebula, which is listed as IC405, la’s proper name or catalog number is in the lower right. For you would press the IC button, then the “4” button, then the more information about the nebula selected, press the Enter “0” button, then the “5” button, followed by the Enter button. button. If the number of the IC object you wish to view contains four digits, it is not necessary to press Enter after inputting the To go to the next nebula in the selected constellation, simply fourth digit. press the up arrow button. The guide arrows and numbers will now direct you to the next nebula in the constellation. If The object’s catalog designation will be shown in the upper left there are no more nebulas available in that constellation, a corner of the LCD screen, with the guide arrows and numbers nebula from the next constellation (in alphabetical order) will in the upper right. The lower left will show the constellation be displayed. To select another constellation in which to view the object resides in, and the object’s common name (if it has nebulas, press the Nebula button again. one) or a brief description of the object will be shown in the lower right. Move the telescope as shown by the guide arrows B. Locating Star Clusters and numbers. Star clusters are just what their name implies; groupings of You can get more information about the selected object by stars. Star clusters come in two main types, open and globu- pressing the Enter button. The second line of the LCD display lar. Open star clusters reside within our Milky Way galaxy and will then cycle information about the object you are viewing usually contain a handful of stars clustered together because such as its celestial coordinates (R.A. and Dec.), magnitude they were spawned from the same gas cloud. Globular clusters are more like miniature galaxies, with hundreds or

12 thousands of stars packed into a spherical shape by mutual the Galaxy button again. gravity. Globular clusters reside outside the disk of the Milky D. Locating Stars Way galaxy and orbit the galaxy’s center. It is believed that globular clusters are formed as a natural consequence of gal- The IntelliScope database contains 837 stars. Stars always axy formation. Star clusters, in general, are somewhat bright appear like tiny points of light. Even powerful telescopes can- compared to other deep-sky objects, so many will appear not magnify a star to appear as more than a point of light. You quite spectacular, even in smaller telescopes. can, however, enjoy the different colors of the stars and locate many pretty double and multiple stars. You can also monitor To view a star cluster, press the Cluster button on the control- variable stars from night to night to see how their brightness ler. The LCD screen will then display the word “CLUSTER” changes over time. with a flashing three-letter constellation designation after it. Now, select the constellation in which you would like to view a To view a star, press the Star button on the controller. The star cluster. Use the arrow buttons to scroll through the list of LCD screen will then display the word “STAR” with the word constellations. If you are unsure which constellation the three- “NAMED” flashing next to it. From this screen, use the arrow letter designation represents, refer to Appendix D. Once you buttons to choose from “NAMED,” “DOUBLE,” “VARIABLE,” have selected the constellation, press Enter. A star cluster in and “CATALOG.” that constellation will now appear on the LCD screen, along 1. Named Stars with the guide arrows and numbers to lead you to the star The named stars are the brightest in the night sky. These cluster. The current constellation is shown in the lower left, are the stars that the ancients gave proper names to, like and the star cluster’s proper name or catalog number is in “Arcturus” and “Mizar.” the lower right. For more information about the star cluster selected, press the Enter button. To select a named star, press Enter after selecting “NAMED” from the Star button choices. You can now use the arrow but- To go to the next star cluster in the selected constellation, tons to scroll through the list of named stars. The stars are simply press the up arrow button. The guide arrows will now listed in alphabetical order. Once you have found the named direct you to the next star cluster in the constellation. If there star you would like to observe, the guide arrows and numbers are no more star clusters available in that constellation, a star will direct you to move the telescope to the star’s position. cluster from the next constellation (in alphabetical order) will The upper left corner of the LCD screen will show the named be displayed. To select another constellation in which to view star’s ST catalog number (the IntelliScope’s entire ST catalog a star cluster, press the Cluster button again. is printed in Appendix E for easy reference), and the lower left C. Locating Galaxies shows the constellation in which the star resides. Pressing Nebulas may be beautiful and star clusters impressive, but Enter again will display the star’s R.A. and Dec. coordinates, nothing has quite the breathtaking power of observing a gal- its magnitude, and a brief description. axy. Galaxies are collections of billions of stars and have a To find another named star to observe, simply continue scroll- variety of shapes and sizes. Viewing a galaxy always gives ing through the list of named stars. the observer a revelation of just how vast our universe truly 2. Double (and Multiple) Stars is. Keep in mind, however, that most galaxies are quite faint and may be challenging to identify, especially in smaller tele- Many stars in the night sky appear to be single stars, but they scopes. are not. They are actually double or multiple star systems. Some of these systems comprise of two or more stars gravi- To view a galaxy, press the Galaxy button on the control- tationally bound to each other, while others are just two (or ler. The LCD screen will then display the word “GALAXY” more) stars in the same line of sight. At high magnifications, it with a flashing three-letter constellation designation after it. is possible to “split” many double (and multiple) stars into their Now, select the constellation in which you would like to view individual components. It can also be interesting to contrast a galaxy. Use the arrow buttons to scroll through the list of and compare the different colors and magnitudes of the stars constellations. If you are unsure which constellation the three- in the system. Be aware, however, that good seeing condi- letter designation represents, refer to Appendix D. Once you tions are critical for separating close components of a double have selected the constellation, press Enter. A galaxy in that or multiple star. constellation will now appear on the LCD screen, along with the guide arrows and numbers to lead you to the galaxy. The To select a double (or multiple) star to observe, press Enter current constellation is shown in the lower left, and the gal- after selecting “DOUBLE” from the Star button choices. The axy’s proper name or catalog number is in the lower right. If LCD screen will then display the word “DOUBLE” with a flash- you wish to have more information about the galaxy selected, ing three-letter constellation designation after it. Now, select press the Enter button. the constellation in which you would like to view a double star. Use the arrow buttons to scroll through the list of constella- To go to the next galaxy in the selected constellation, simply tions. If you are unsure which constellation the three-letter press the up arrow button. The guide arrows will now direct designation represents, refer to Appendix D. Once you have you to the next galaxy in the constellation. If there are no selected the constellation, press Enter. A double star in that more galaxies available in that constellation, a galaxy from constellation will now appear on the LCD screen, along with the next constellation (in alphabetical order) will be displayed. the guide arrows and numbers to lead you to the double star. To select another constellation in which to view galaxy, press

13 The current constellation is shown in the lower left, and the press the Star button, select “VARIABLE,” and press Enter. double star’s name is in the lower right. 4. Catalog (ST) Stars Note: Double stars typically have names like “Zeta” (Greek The “ST” catalog contains all of the stars in the IntelliScope letter designation) or a number like “36” (Flamsteed number). Computerized Object Locator’s database. This catalog has The full names for these double stars are actually linked to the 837 of the most interesting stars to view in the night sky. The constellation they reside in. For example, in the constellation full list of stars appearing in the ST catalog is printed Appendix Andromeda, these stars would be “Zeta And” and “36 And.” E. Generally, the best way to observe catalog stars is to first For more information about the double star selected, press peruse Appendix E, and then note the catalog number of the the Enter button. (The “S=” now refers to the separation, in star you wish to observe. arc-seconds, between the double stars. For multiple stars, the To select an ST catalog star to observe, press Enter after “S=” refers to the separation between the two brightest stars. selecting “CATALOG” from the Star button choices. The LCD The “M=” now refers to the magnitude of the brightest star.) To screen will then display the letter “ST” with three digits blink- go to the next double star in the selected constellation, simply ing after it. Now, input the ST catalog number of the star you press the up arrow button. The guide arrows and numbers wish to observe, and press Enter. If the ST catalog number of will now direct you to the next double star in the constellation. the star you wish to view contains three digits, it is not neces- If there are no more double stars available in that constella- sary to press Enter after inputting the third digit. tion, a double star from the next constellation (in alphabetical order) will be displayed. To select another constellation in The object’s ST catalog designation will be shown in the which to view a double star, press the Star button, select upper left corner of the LCD screen, with the guide arrows “DOUBLE”, and press Enter. and numbers in the upper right. The lower left will show the constellation the object resides in and the star’s name. 3. Variable Stars You can get more information on the star selected by pressing Variable stars are stars that change their brightness, also the Enter button. The second line of the LCD screen will then called magnitude, over time. The period of magnitude change cycle information about the object you are viewing, such as varies greatly from star to star; some variable stars change its celestial coordinates (R.A. and Dec.), magnitude (bright- brightness over several days while others may take several ness), and a brief description. months to noticeably change. It is fun and challenging to watch a star’s magnitude change over time. Observers typi- When you are finished viewing the selected star, you may cally compare the current brightness of the variable star to scroll to another star in the ST catalog by using the arrow other stars around it (whose magnitudes are known and do buttons, or you can select another ST catalog star to view not change over time). by pressing the Star button, and pressing Enter once “CATALOG” is selected. To select a variable star to observe, press Enter after selecting “VARIABLE” from the Star button choices. The LCD Tours of the Best Objects screen will then display the word “VARIABLE” with a flashing The IntelliScope object locator offers guided tours of the best three-letter constellation designation after it. Now, select the and brightest celestial objects visible in the sky each month. constellation in which you would like to view a variable star. There are 12 monthly tours, each consisting of 12 pre-select- Use the arrow buttons to scroll through the list of constella- ed objects. The tours are an easy and fun way to locate and tions. If you are unsure which constellation the three-letter observe the finest wonders of the heavens. They are a great designation represents, refer to Appendix D. Once you have place to start for a beginner who is unfamiliar with the night selected the constellation, press Enter. A variable star in that sky, or for a more experienced observer who wants to revisit constellation will now appear on the LCD screen, along with some old favorites or show friends or family “what’s up” on a the guide arrows and numbers to lead you to the variable star. given evening. The current constellation is shown in the lower left, and the variable star’s name is in the lower right. To start an IntelliScope tour, press the Tour button at any time after you have aligned the IntelliScope system. The LCD Note: Variable stars typically have names like “Eta” (Greek let- screen will display “SKY TOUR” and a flashing three-letter ter designation) or a letter designation like “R.” The full names designation for the month. Scroll through the months by using for these variable stars are actually linked to the constellation the arrow buttons until you reach the present month, then they reside in. For example, in the constellation Aquila, these press the Enter button. stars would be “Eta Aql” and “R Aql.” The LCD screen will display the first tour object for the selected For more information about the variable star selected, press month in the lower right of the screen, with the guide arrows the Enter button. (The “M=” refers to the mean magnitude and numbers in the upper right. Use the guide arrows and of the variable star.) To go to the next variable star in the numbers to point the telescope, and you will soon be observ- selected constellation, simply press the up arrow button. The ing the first astronomical showpiece of the month. guide arrows and numbers will now direct you to the next variable star in the constellation. If there are no more variable You can get more information about the current tour object by stars available in that constellation, a variable star from the pressing the Enter button. The second line of the LCD screen next constellation (in alphabetical order) will be displayed. To will then cycle the following information about the object you select another constellation in which to view a variable star, are viewing; its celestial co-ordinates (R.A. and Dec.), mag-

14 nitude (brightness), size (in arc minutes or seconds), and a Adding User-Defined Objects brief text description. Not only does the IntelliScope’s database contain over 14,000 When you have finished viewing the first tour object for the fascinating objects to view, you can even add your own! Up to selected month, you can continue the tour by pressing the 99 user-defined objects can be entered into the database by up arrow button to find the next object. You can exit the tour means of the User button. These user-defined objects can be at any time by pressing any one of the other function buttons random stars, a faint object not contained in the controller’s on the controller. database, or just a pretty object you would like to come back to at some point in the future. Since several months’ tour objects are visible in the night sky at one time, feel free to select a month before or after the To enter a user-defined object into the database, you must current month. These tour objects will likely be visible also. have the right ascension (R.A.) and declination (Dec.) coor- Remember, however, that viewing objects below 40 or so dinates for the object. If you are currently observing an object from the horizon will not give the best view due to atmospher- that is not in the controller’s database and you wish to add it, ic distortion (and usually light pollution). If you are finding that but don’t know its coordinates, you can use the FCN button to objects in the selected tour month are too close to the hori- obtain its coordinates (described in next section). zon, you should choose a month prior to the selected month, To input a user-defined object, begin by pressing the User or you can wait a few hours for the objects to rise higher in button. The LCD screen will display the word “NEW” with a the sky! two-digit number flashing after it. Since no user-defined objects currently exist, press Enter to create user-defined The Identify Function (“NEW”) object number 01. The LCD will display the R.A. and There may come a time in your observations when you spot Dec. coordinates for the “NEW” object selected in the lower an unidentified deep sky object or star in the eyepiece and left. Since no data has been input yet, these coordinates will want to know what it is. With the IntelliScope Computerized be 00:00 +00.0. The first four digits indicate the R.A. coordi- Object Locator, a simple press of a button will tell you. nate (in R.A. hours and minutes), and the remaining digits When you locate an object and center it in the eyepiece, (and the ± sign) indicate the Dec. coordinate (in degrees). you can identify it by simply pressing the ID button. The LCD Now, press the Enter button, and the first two digits of the screen will display “IDENTIFY” with the word “ANY” flashing. R.A. coordinate (R.A. hours) will begin flashing. Press the two You can then use the up and down arrow buttons to scroll numerical buttons on the keypad that correspond the hours through several more specific options (“STAR”, “DOUBLE”, value of the R.A. coordinate. If the value of the R.A. hours is “CLUSTER”, “NEBULA”, and “GALAXY”). If you know which less than 10, make sure to enter a zero first. Then the sec- one of these object types you are looking at, selecting the ond two digits of the R.A. coordinate (R.A. minutes) will begin object type will make the identification quicker and more flashing. Press the two numerical buttons that correspond to accurate. This is because the computer will search through a the minutes value of the R.A. coordinate. If the R.A. minutes shorter list of potential object matches, and will allow proper are less than 10, make sure to enter a zero first. Next, the identification if there are several objects within the same field sign of the Dec. coordinate will be flashing. Use the arrow but- of view. If you are unsure of the object type you are looking at, tons to select “+” or “-”for the Dec. coordinate. Then, the first simply select “ANY” from the list of choices. Once you have two digits of the Dec. coordinate will begin flashing. Press the selected the object type (or “ANY”), press the Enter button. two numerical buttons that correspond to the degrees value of the Dec. coordinate. Then the tenth of a degree value for The identity of the object centered in the eyepiece will now be the Dec coordinate will begin flashing. Press the numerical displayed in the lower right area of the LCD screen. The con- button that corresponds to the tenths of a degree value for the stellation in which the object resides is shown in the lower left. Dec. coordinate. As always, to get more information about the object, press the Enter button. You have now input the data for your first user-defined object. Remember that this object is now “NEW01”. If you wish to An interesting feature of the ID function is that once initiat- view this object in the future, press the User button, and ed, it is continually active. So, if you press the ID button, and press Enter once “NEW01” is selected. The guide arrows and choose “STAR”, for instance, you can move your telescope numbers will then tell you where to point your telescope to from star to star in the sky, and the controller will automati- find the user-defined object. cally display the star’s identity when you center the star in the eyepiece. This can be a fun and easy way to identify the stars If you wish to input another user-defined object, select in the sky. In fact, you can even make a “Name That Star” “NEW02” (by using numerical buttons or the arrow buttons) game out of it! Point your finger at a bright star in the sky and after pressing the User button and input the data as outlined see if you can name it. Then, just point the telescope at the previously. If you select a “NEW” object number that you have star to see if you were correct or not. If the centered star is not already entered coordinates for and attempt to input new in the object locator’s database, it will display the identity of data, you will lose the data that was input previously. You may the closest star that is in its database. find it convenient to keep a written log of the “NEW” objects so that you can easily keep track of them. To exit the identify function, simply press any other of the controller’s function buttons. If you would like to identify another object type, press the ID button again.

15 The FCN Button IntelliScope system to the object centered in the telescope. The IntelliScope Computerized Object Locator has several The LCD screen will display a new “warp factor” associated other useful functions, a couple of which can be accessed by with the new alignment. If this number is greater than ±0.7, using the FCN (function) button. you may want to consider resetting the controller to perform another initial two-star alignment. Turn the controller off then A. R.A. and Dec. Coordinates on again (with the Power button) to do this. By simply pressing the FCN button, the controller will give a If, instead of pressing Enter a second time after pressing the continuous readout of the telescope’s current R.A. and Dec. FCN button, you press one of the arrow buttons, the list of coordinates. This can be helpful and powerful in a number initial setup alignment stars will be displayed. If you wish, you of ways. You can easily find any object in the night sky if you can select one of these alignment stars to realign on. Do this know its right ascension and declination coordinates. Grab by scrolling to the desired alignment star using the arrow but- any star atlas, choose any object you wish to view, be it faint tons, center the star in the telescope, and press Enter. galaxy or random star, and jot down its coordinates. Then, once you have aligned the IntelliScope system, you can point In general, it will not be necessary to use the realignment func- the telescope to that location by simply pressing the FCN tion, but it is a handy feature to have at your disposal. Also, be button and moving the telescope until the R.A. and Dec. coor- aware that while pointing accuracy will increase in the area of dinates displayed match the coordinates of the object you sky around the object realigned on, it may decrease in other wish to view. You can also press the FCN button at any time to areas of the sky. display the current R.A. and Dec. coordinates of whatever you are currently viewing. The “Hidden” Functions All of the active functions of the IntelliScope Computerized A common use for the FCN button is to locate “transient” Object Locator have been outlined. There are, however, objects, such as comets and asteroids. To find these objects some additional “hidden” functions that may be of some use you will need to learn their coordinates from astronomy to you. To access the hidden functions, press the Enter but- resources, such as Astronomy, Sky & Telescope or a reliable ton while pressing the Power button to turn the controller on. astronomy website like Space.com. Comet and asteroid posi- The LCD will display its introduction screen (with software tions will change from night to night, so entering the current version number) and then show the words “ALT AZM TEST.” coordinates into the user-defined database is generally not This is the first hidden function. Scroll to the other hidden useful. functions by using the arrow buttons. The other hidden func- After pressing the FCN button, the R.A. and Dec. coordinates tions are “ENCODER TEST,” “DOWNLOAD,” “CHECKSUM,” corresponding to the center of the telescope’s field of view are “REWRITE,” and “CLOCK.” When the hidden function you displayed on the first line of the LCD screen. The lower left of wish to use is displayed, press Enter to select it. To exit the the screen indicates the current constellation the telescope is currently chosen hidden function, press any button except pointing to. The lower right numbers are the current azimuth for the Enter or arrow buttons. To completely exit the hidden (“AZ”) and altitude (“ALT”) coordinates of the telescope; this functions section of the controller, you will need to hold the information is generally not useful. Power button down until the controller turns off. B. The Realignment Function The rest of this section gives the details and purpose of each This function is useful for obtaining a new alignment fix dur- hidden function. ing an observing session to correct for small pointing errors. A. Altitude and Azimuth Test Use this function only when pointing accuracy for a certain The altitude and azimuth test (“ALT AZM TEST”) is a diag- area of the sky appears to be poor compared to other areas nostic test that gives relative R.A. and Dec. positions for the of the sky. This is evident when objects in one area of the sky telescope. This test will allow you to easily see if the encoders consistently fall at the edge or just outside the field of view (of are “talking” to the controller, and if the encoders are accu- the 25mm eyepiece) when the numbers on the LCD screen rately monitoring the telescope’s motions about each axis. read "0.0 0.0." This can happen if the alignment stars initially chosen during setup are somewhat close to each other (less Once “ALT AZM TEST” is chosen from the hidden function than 60 apart) or if the area of sky being viewed is a consider- options, the LCD screen will display the telescope’s current able distance away from the alignment stars chosen. relative R.A. and Dec. position (in degrees); the relative R.A. is in the lower right, while the relative Dec. is in the upper To improve pointing accuracy in a specific area of the sky, right. The first two sets of numbers on the upper and lower select an object in the hand controller’s database from that lines of the LCD screen are meaningless for the purposes of region, and use the guide arrows and numbers to find the this test. object. Precisely center the object in the eyepiece (prefer- ably a high-powered one). Now, press the FCN button, and If you move the telescope in R.A, the number in the lower the R.A. and Dec. coordinates of the centered object will be right should change. If you rotate the telescope exactly 360 displayed. Then, press the Enter button. The LCD screen in R.A., the readout should return to the original reading. If will now display “ALIGN OBJECT” on the first line, and will you move the telescope in Dec., the number in the upper right be flashing the object currently centered in the telescope should change. If you rotate the telescope exactly 360 in Dec., on the second line. Pressing Enter again then realigns the the readout should return to the original reading.

16 If one, or both, of the encoders are not behaving properly a new software version is downloaded. Check the IntelliScope when performing this diagnostic test, there may be a problem download section on www.OrionTelescopes.com to see what with the assembly of the system, or a problem with one of the proper checksum should be for each new software ver- the encoder boards or magnet rings. Be sure the magnet ring sion. is not slipping on its threaded shaft; you may need to apply E. Rewrite more Loctite if this is the case. Also, be sure to check all cable connections. Rewrite is also only used after a new software version has been downloaded. It rewrites the new software into its memo- B. Encoder Test ry in order to prevent any potential problems from arising after The encoder test is another diagnostic test that gives infor- the software transfer. mation about the performance of the encoders themselves. F. Clock Select “ENCODER TEST” from the list of hidden functions using the arrow buttons and press Enter. This function is for using Orion IntelliScope Dobsonian telescopes with an equatorial platform; it has no purpose in The LCD screen will now display two lines of data. The bottom relation to the SkyView Pro IntelliScope system. line of data corresponds to the R.A. encoder, while the upper line of data corresponds to the Dec. encoder. The first two digits on each line denote the amplitude of the signal from one of SPECIFICATIONS the magnetic sensors on the encoder board, the second two digits represent the amplitude from the other sensor on the Object locator database: encoder board. The numbers are in hexadecimal (base 16) • 110 Messier objects digits. Therefore “A” in hexadecimal represents “11” in decimal, “B” represents “12” in decimal, “C” represents “13,” “D” • 7840 New General Catalog objects represents “14,” “E” represents “15,” and “F” represents “16.” • 5386 Index Catalog objects When moving the telescope in R.A. or Dec., you will note that • 8 Major planets each of the digit pairs rises and falls. None of the digit pairs should ever go above “F3.” If they do, then the encoder mag- • 99 User-defined objects net ring is too close to the sensors on the encoder board. Computer interface: RS-232 modular jack in hand controller If you notice that one of the digit pairs goes above “F3,” try Power: Requires one 9V battery loosening the Phillips head screws on the exterior of the corresponding encoder housing and pull the encoder housing Encoder resolution: 9216 counts/revolution very slightly away from the magnet ring. Retighten the Phillips This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is head screws when done. If this does not work, you will need subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device nay not cause to disassemble the encoder and carefully reassemble it. harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference The three-digit number displayed after the digit pairs on each received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. line is the “radius” for each encoder. This number should not Changes of modifications not expressly approved by the party go above about 110 or below about 40. If it does, performance responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate may be compromised for the corresponding encoder. If the the equipment. number goes above 110, then the encoder sensors and mag- Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the net ring are too close to each other. If the number goes below limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC 40, the encoder sensors and magnet ring are too far away Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection from each other. Also, if the radius varies by more than 25 against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equip- counts in a cycle, encoder performance may not be optimal, ment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if and reinstallation may be necessary; likely, the magnet ring is not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause cross-threaded on its corresponding shaft. harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no The four-digit number at the end of each line is the raw guarantee that interference will no occur in a particular installation. If encoder “ticks” in hexadecimal numbers. This information will this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television generally not be useful for diagnostic testing of the encoders. reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and C. Download on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: This function allows downloading of software changes and upgrades available from Orion’s website. To use this option, • Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. you must have the optional IntelliScope-to-PC cable, avail- • Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. able from Orion. Check www.OrionTelescopes.com for more • Connect the equipment into an output on a circuit different from information about available software downloads for the that to which the receiver is connected. IntelliScope object locator. • Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for D. Checksum help. The checksum function is used to make sure that software • A shielded cable must be used when connecting a peripheral to has loaded into the controller properly. It has no purpose until the serial ports.

17 • Is the telescope pointing west when the Dec. = 0° initial posi- APPENDIX A: tion is set? If the telescope is pointing east, then you will need TROUBLESHOOTING THE to remove the tube from the mount (leaving the tube rings and tube ring mounting plate attached), rotate it by 180°, and INTELLISCOPE SYSTEM replace it on the mount. This section is intended to help you if you are encountering Readout does not change when you move the any problems with your IntelliScope system. If this information scope (during “ALT AZM TEST”) is not useful to you in determining the source of the problem, contact Orion Technical Support via phone or email. • Check the cable connections. • Try disassembling then reassembling the encoder(s). Warp factor consistently above ±0.7 but below If you need to contact Orion Technical Support, email ±2.0 [email protected] or call (800) 676-1343 • Check the accuracy of the Dec = 0° reference mark. • Are alignment stars being centered with reasonable preci- sion? Using a high-power eyepiece (at least 10mm focal APPENDIX B: ADJUSTING length), or an illuminated reticle eyepiece (preferred) to do this OPTICAL AXIS OFFSET is recommended. For best pointing accuracy, the optical axis of the telescope • Are encoder magnet rings slipping slightly on their shafts? (not the mechanical axis) must be precisely perpendicular to You can use the “ALT AZM TEST” to check this. Rotate the the mount’s declination axis. While this is generally not the mount 360° about each axis and confirm that the numbers on case, the resultant pointing accuracy is still usually sufficient. the LCD screen return to their original readings. You can also If you are having trouble consistently placing objects within disassemble the encoders and attempt to gently unthread the the field of view of a low-power eyepiece (25mm or greater), rings from their shafts; if they easily unthread, you will need to however, the optical axis of your telescope may be slightly apply more Loctite. skewed. To correct this, you will need a tube ring mounting • Use alignment stars that are well above the horizon. Light plate with optical axis offset adjustment screws (Figure 17) from stars is refracted as it travels through the atmosphere and an eyepiece with crosshairs (preferable illuminated). If and starlight near the horizon has to travel through the great- you do not have either of these items, you can purchase them est amount of atmosphere before reaching your telescope. from Orion. Stars near the horizon can appear as much as 2° away from their actual position.

• Try rotating the Dec adapter by 45° from its original position Tube ring shown in Figure 6. Remove the Dec. encoder before attempt- attachment screw ing this. Make sure the Dec. adapter is well seated against the Dec. casting once rotated. Flat washer • Are the encoders properly tuned? Check this with the Lock washer “ENCODER TEST”. Optical axis offset • Are the Phillips head screws that that clamp each encoder adjustment screws to the mount tightened equally? If not, the encoder sensors may be shifted to one side relative to the magnet ring. Remove Figure 17. To correct for optical axis offset, a tube ring mounting and reinstall the encoder, this time being sure to tighten all the plate with four optical axis offset adjustment screws is required. Phillips head screws on the exterior perimeter of the encoder equally. The following optical axis offset correction procedure can be • Adjust for the optical axis offset error between the telescope performed on a distant object (1/4 mile or greater away) during and mount. See Appendix B for details on how to do this. the day or on Polaris (because it doesn’t move over time with the rotation of the Earth) at night: Warp numbers larger than 2.0 1. Insert the illuminated reticle eyepiece into the focuser (or • Are the stars you aligned on actually the stars you selected diagonal) of the telescope. Confirm the telescope is prop- with the controller? Consult the finder charts in Appendix A if erly set up and balanced, and the finderscope is aligned you are unsure. with the optical tube of the telescope. • Are encoder magnet rings slipping on their shafts? You can 2. Loosen the thumbscrew and rotate the illuminated eye- use the “ALT AZM TEST” to check this. Rotate the mount 360° piece in the focuser (or diagonal) until the crosshairs are about each axis and confirm that the numbers on the LCD parallel with the motions of the telescope. In other words, screen return to their original readings. You can also disas- when you move the telescope in R.A., a centered object semble the encoders and attempt to gently unthread the rings or star should move along one crosshair, and when you from their shafts; if they easily unthread, you will need to apply move in Dec. it moves along the other crosshair. Tighten more Loctite. the thumbscrew on the focuser (or diagonal) to secure the

18 eyepiece in position. Make sure the eyepiece will remain on the R.A. crosshairs of the illuminated reticle eyepiece stationary while the telescope is slewed; if you are using a (Figure 18). star diagonal, do not rotate the diagonal at anytime during 7. Without moving the R.A. axis, adjust the mount’s azimuth this procedure. fine-adjustment knobs to orient Polaris or the distant object 3. Loosen the R.A. lock knob and rotate the telescope about in the center of the eyepiece field of view. Slight adjust- the R.A. axis until the counterweight shaft is horizontal. ments with the Dec. slow-motion control knob may also be 4. If you are performing this procedure at night, roughly polar necessary to center the object. align the telescope. Then, adjust the mount in Dec. until the 8. Loosen the R.A. lock knob and carefully rotate the tele- telescope tube is parallel to the R.A. axis (as it is in Figure scope 180° about the R.A. axis. This should be done as 14a). accurately as possible referencing the R.A. mechanical 5. If you are performing this procedure during the day, rotate setting circle (12 hours of R.A. = 180°). the telescope tube about the Dec. axis until it is parallel to 9. Polaris or the distant object will not be centered in the the R.A. axis (as it is in Figure 14a). Now, rotate the tripod eyepiece field of view anymore. Adjust the position of the and use the latitude adjustment L-bolts to acquire a distant telescope in the Dec. axis (using the slow-motion control object into the eyepiece’s field of view. knob) so Polaris or the distant daytime object lies on the 6. Using the Dec. slow-motion control knob, adjust the tele- R.A. crosshairs of the illuminated reticle eyepiece (Figure scope in Dec. so Polaris or the distant daytime object lies 18). Polaris or the daytime object will likely not be centered on the intersection of the crosshairs (in fact if it is, there is no optical axis offset error to correct!). 10.Carefully push the telescope in a horizontal motion while observing the movement of Polaris or the distant daytime object in the eyepiece field of view (Figure 19). This will determine which direction (left or right) moves Polaris or the distant object closer to the center of the eyepiece field of view. 11.Loosen the two hex head tube ring attachment screws that connect the tube rings to the mounting plate (refer to Figure 17) by a couple of turns. 12. Make adjustments to the optical axis offset adjustment screws (the socket head cap screws located at each corner of the mounting plate, refer to Figure 17) according to Figure 18. Adjust the Dec. slow-motion control knob to place the the results of step 10. If Polaris or the distant object moves star on the R.A. crosshair. toward the eyepiece’s center when the telescope is pushed as indicated in Figure 19, loosen the optical axis offset

Figure 20a. Adjust the optical axis offset screws this way if Figure 19. Gently push the telescope horizontally to determine Polaris (or the distant daytime object) moves toward the center of the direction of optical axis offset. eyepiece when the tube is pushed as in Figure 19.

19 screws near the front of the tube and tighten the optical axis offset screws closer to the back of the tube (Figure 20a). If Polaris or the distant object moves away from center when the telescope is pushed as in Figure 19, loosen the optical axis offset screws near the back of the tube and tighten the optical axis offset screws closer to the front of the tube (Figure 20b). Look into the eyepiece and adjust the screws just enough to place Polaris or the distant object HALF the distance back to the center of the eyepiece’s field of view (Figure 21). 13.Retighten the tube ring attachment screws. 14.Repeat steps 7 to 13 until Polaris or the distant object remains close to the center of the eyepiece field of view with only correction to the Dec. slow-motion control knob when the mount is rotated 180° about the R.A. axis. Figure 21. Using the optical axis offset screws move Polaris halfway to the eyepiece’s center. The optical axis offset error is now greatly reduced, if not elimi- nated altogether. You should now get better warp numbers after star alignments, and resultant pointing accuracy should also be improved. It is recommended that you leave the tube rings and tube ring mounting plate attached to the telescope tube. Otherwise, you may need to adjust for optical axis offset error again. Note: This procedure can be applied to both refracting and reflecting telescope designs. Differences in the optical path of telescopes do not affect how the telescope tube and tube rings should be adjusted on the mounting plate.

Figure 20b. Adjust the optical axis offset screws this way if Polaris (or the distant daytime object) moves away from the eyepiece’s center.

20 Appendix C: Alignment Star Finder Charts

NORTH

b Dene

A I E

I S S

A C

E k

U S

Mirfa

ga Ve E

E S

o l a r i

RA LY L

M a

i l

t C t

l e

M I

N D O p R

a A

U R S A

Rasalhagu

yst

H r

t E one

B P

D i

I ip

U z p

r B

N e

L r

N R NX S

O O

LY I

O J

A r

R A

L o

M O I

A t S

s A

S a

B O

V C

P EAS T C

H Ö

I T

N U

A u

C T e

S I S H

S g U l R WES T E I

C S e

R O t A N P Ar

I e P

E M

U B N cturus S R T O I S E O L n N MA N CO A o I C y M BERENICES R c E o C r N P Regulus A C LEO Denebola

V IRG S Sirius rd O O ha R NS lp E XTA A C SE O N A R O D M Spica Y H S C CRATER O R C P OR IU LI VU S B S RA

S HY DRA PUPPI IS YX LIA P ANT

0 0 20 N IO R C TI EN IL TAU W RUS VELA

SOUTH SPRING Early March 1:00 AM Late March 12:00 AM Early April 12:00 AM* Late April 11:00 PM* Early May 10:00 PM* Late May 9:00 PM* Early June 8:00 PM (dusk)*

*Daylight saving time

NORTH

U S

NX LY

Mirfak

M L O A P C

A M

L I

N I

R P

O O

S J

A C

r i R s a l o P

P S s

nter

i Po

R O O

Alpheratz

N I

A S

U I

A EO

I A

D Big Dipper Big

C C

M l

t I

T S

A E

Gre N

a A

b Dene V t Square of P C

A R

P D a

egas l

S o

C us

b E

e S

S S

E E T

C D A I

Albireo

Ö P

EAST

M N

ega

O E

E O

R C

G U Ke WEST N S L ystone YRA S U A I

S N L

S O A A R E G O R I C O s T E B u D T V Q A U r E Altair U L S u A E L P L t U U Q P E C HER c L H C U U r E I A N L U A S A R S U N I S E U P T R U GO S SE P ue CA Rasalhag VIR

A Q U I LA Spica OPHIUCHUS C S A C P UT R UM IC O R SERPENS N U S CAUDA

A ntares R A B LI M IC R O S T CO S eapot P AG IU IT M TAR IUS

0 LUPUS 0 C 0 OR 2 ON N A A IO US R TR TI AL IL IS W IUS SCORP

TELESCOPIUM

SOUTH SUMMER Early June 2:00 AM* Late June 1:00 AM* Early July 12:00 AM* Late July 11:00 PM* Early August 10:00 PM* Late August 9:00 PM* Early September 8:00 PM (dusk)*

*Daylight saving time

NORTH

U R S A M

A J O R Big Dipper Big

nters

a r

NX LY

A e

p i

R D

e l t D t i L

R O N I M

A S R U

C A

I O

N P

l a

r L i

I a S

ys l

e l E

C U

M A

H S

i P E

r I

ega a

salhagu

A e

Ro S

d U

L S o

e Algo

D P

b r

a I G R

b e

N ORIO

r Y S l

E C A

n A

e O U

u S R

EAST A R

ades

G P C

U A

U L L A U V WES T A N M R D ratz e A T h I R Alp E A O T S U T M I S R E G U D A S A A S S U

N I UD S H Great Square SERPEN U CA P S P IS of Pegasus A L C G E E E D S P S Altair U E L U U Q UILA E AQ

SCUTUM

E R I D C A ETUS N U S IUS S AQUAR IU R A T IT G S A U S N R O IC ut R alha AP Fom C

FO SCU M RNAX LPTOR U PI NUS O STRI SC IS AU RO PISC IC M 0 0 20 N IO R PH TI OE IL NIX W GRUS

SOUTH AUTUMN Early September 2:00 AM* Late September 1:00 AM* Early October 12:00 AM* Late October 11:00 PM* Early November 9:00 PM Late November 8:00 PM Early December 7:00 PM

*Daylight saving time

NORTH

N G

Y C

E S

E C

O R

Ö C

t t

C e

I N O

U R

V P o l

r i s

A A I

C O

A AT

G NES

O I

E C

R i

g g I

D D

ipper

S I L

s D R

r A A

te P O

n egasus i L

Po E M

z U

Great Square of P of Square Great

M h

A p N

D a f

e i M a

n M gol l U

e e S Al

E b

G C

E o

S N

I S P

VIRGO A N

C T E R EAST

a S

s R

t E o P

r P WES T o ll C u A x n LE a N r O C a E b R e ld ades y Regulus A H P r o GE c M S y IN ON I RI U o O R C n C U R A A A M N T Mira T S IN IS E E O R X R use US T lge T A Bete N S CE

A lp Rigel H h MO S Y a N U D r OC N R d ER A A OS ID R Sirius E

S PU LE CANIS FORNAX P MAJOR A YX N IS TL Adhara IA

A UMB M OL 0 C LU 0 AE 20 C N VELA PUPPIS IO R TI IL W

SOUTH WINTER Early December 2:00 AM Late December 1:00 AM Early January 12:00 AM Late January 11:00 PM Early February 10:00 PM Late February 9:00 PM Early March 8:00 PM

24 Appendix D: Constellation Abbreviations

And Andromeda CVn Canes Venatici Ori Orion Ant Antlia Cyg Cygnus Pav Pavo Aps Apus Del Delphinus Peg Pegasus Aql Aquila Dor Dorado Per Perseus Aqr Aquarius Dra Draco Phe Phoenix Ara Ara Equ Equuleus Pic Pictor Ari Aries Eri Eridanus PsA Piscis Austrinus Aur Auriga For Fornax Psc Pisces Boo Boötes Gem Gemini Pup Puppis Cae Caelum Gru Grus Pyx Pyxis Cam Camelopardalis Her Hercules Ret Reticulum Cap Capricorn Hor Horologium Scl Sculptor Car Carina Hya Hydra Sco Scorpius Cas Cassiopeia Hyi Hydrus Sct Scutum Cen Centaurus Ind Indus Ser Serpens Cep Cepheus Lac Lacerta Sex Sextans Cet Cetus Leo Leo Sge Sagitta Cha Chamaeleon Lep Lepus Sgr Sagittarius Cir Circinus Lib Libra Tau Taurus Cnc Cancer LMi Leo Minor Tel Telescopium CMa Canis Major Lup Lupus TrA Triangulm CMi Canis Minor Lyn Lynx Australe Col Columba Lyr Lyra Tri Triangulum Com Coma Berenices Men Mensa Tuc Tucana CrA Corona Mic Microscopium UMa Ursa Major Australis Mon Monoceros UMi Ursa Minor CrB Corona Borealis Mus Musca Vel Vela Crt Crater Nor Norma Vir Virgo Cru Crux Oct Octans Vol Volans Crv Corvus Oph Ophiuchus Vul Vulpecula

25 colored double star colored double star red variable star colored double star red variable emission nebula star challenge double star star challenge double star challenge double star star red variable star red variable star colored double star variable star challenge double star red variable star double star double star star star variable star double star red variable star double star double star star star colored double star star challenge double star double star star colored double star colored double of stars scattered group star double star challenge double star star equal magnitude double star equal magnitude double star variable star equal magnitude double star double star double star star star star double star double star star challenge double star magnitude contrast double star variable star star star star variable star double star star double star triple star challenge star double star colored double star double star equal magnitude double star equal magnitude double star red variable star star challenge double star double star double star star challenge double star colored double star star colored double star colored double star double star challenge double star equal magnitude double star double star variable triple star star double star equal magnitude double Code 5 1 5 1 130 4 21 4 4 21 1 1 5 22 4 1 2 2 21 21 22 2 1 2 2 21 21 5 21 4 2 21 5 5 120 2 4 21 3 3 22 3 2 2 21 21 21 2 2 21 4 9 22 21 21 21 22 2 21 2 21 8 2 5 2 3 3 1 21 4 2 2 21 4 5 21 5 5 2 4 3 2 22 6 2 3 Con Cas Psc Cas And Cep Cas And Cep Scl Peg Cet Cet Psc Scl Cep Cas And And Cet And And Cas And Tuc Psc Cas And Psc Cas Psc Cas Psc Cas Psc Cas Tuc And Cas Cet And Cep Psc Psc Phe Cet Cep And Psc Tuc Psc Cet Cas Scl Phe Eri And Cet Eri Psc Cas Per Per Ari Cas Cet Ari Ari Phe Cas Cet And Ari Cet Psc And Ari And Tri Cet And Tri Tri Cet Cas Per Cet

59" * 15" * 30' 1.5" * 0.8" 2" * 1.5° * 12" * 0.9" * 39" 5" * * Stellar 15" * 27" 28" * * 6" * 1.5" 36" * 12" 4.4" 13’ 21" 0.8" * 26" 8" Stellar 30" 33" 6.4" * * * 23" 5.4" * 1.6" 25" * 4’ * * * 11.5" * 1.6" * 2" 2.6" 35" 3’ 3" 8" 5° * 1" 3' 37" * 1.6" 10" * 16" 3.8" 16.5" 1.1" 7" 14" * 2.2" 3" 14" Mag Sep 7.6 4.4 5.9 8 7.8 6.4 2.1 6.6 6.2 2.8 4.9 4.4 5.8 5.5 7 9 8 7.6 3.5 8 5.8 6.9 6.9 4.4 5.7 3.7 3.3 5.4 2.2 7.8 5.7 4.4 3.4 6.3 11 6.5 6 2.5 8.4 6 6.8 5.3 6.8 3.9 3.5 4.3 2 5.6 5.1 8.8 6.4 4.7 6.1 3.4 0.5 3.6 7 5.8 4.4 5.8 4.1 5.8 6 6.6 3.7 8.5 4.5 4.4 3.4 6.8 5.7 4.8 4 4 2.2 2 5.6 5 5.7 6.6 8 7 2 4 6.9 7.3 Dec +60 21 -06.0 +66 06 +43.5 +67.2 +58.4 +29 05 +79.7 -28 00 +15.2 -07.8 -18.9 +08 49 -32.1 +76.9 +50.3 +44.0 +26 08 -08.8 +44.7 +38 35 +49 59 +35.6 -63.0 +06.9 +53.9 +30.9 +21 26 +56.5 +04.2 +75.0 +07.6 +57 49 +27.7 +64.1 -69.5 +23.6 +60.7 +00 47 +44 43 +81 51 +21 28 +04 55 -55.3 -10.2 +86.3 +35.6 +07.6 -68.9 +25.8 -00 31 +68.1 -32.5 -43.3 -57 14 +48.6 -18.0 -56.2 +05.5 +60.6 +50.7 +47 54 +22.3 +64 51 -10.3 +10 48 +19.3 -46.3 +63.7 +01.9 +37.3 +23.6 -21.1 +02.8 +42.3 +23.5 +39 02 +30.3 -02.4 +47.5 +30 24 +28 44 -03.0 +67.4 +55 31 +01 05 00 01.2 00 02.0 00 02.6 00 04.6 00 04.7 00 06.3 00 08.4 00 09.3 00 09.4 00 13.2 00 14.5 00 14.6 00 15.0 00 15.4 00 16.2 00 17.6 00 18.1 00 18.5 00 19.4 00 19.9 00 24.0 00 27.2 00 27.6 00 31.5 00 32.4 00 37.0 00 39.3 00 39.9 00 40.5 00 42.4 00 45.7 00 48.7 00 49.1 00 49.9 00 50.0 00 52.4 00 55.0 00 56.7 00 59.4 01 00.1 01 02.3 01 05.6 01 05.8 01 08.4 01 08.6 01 08.7 01 09.7 01 13.7 01 15.8 01 16.2 01 19.8 01 25.9 01 27.0 01 28.4 01 37.7 01 38.0 01 38.8 01 39.8 01 41.4 01 43.3 01 43.7 01 49.3 01 50.1 01 51.3 01 51.5 01 52.0 01 53.5 01 53.6 01 54.4 01 55.9 01 56.2 01 57.9 02 00.0 02 02.0 02 03.9 02 07.2 02 10.9 02 12.4 02 12.8 02 14.0 02 14.7 02 17.4 02 19.3 02 29.1 02 29.4 02 31.5

O ther ra ADS 61 Alpha ADS 102 ß 391 Gamma ADS 180 “35, UU” ADS 246 Lacaille 119 ADS 449 17 Alpha ADS 588 ADS 624 ADS 683 Dunlop 2 ADS 755 “Gamma, Tsih” 74 77 2 Rumker 181 SAO Beta ADS 996 h3423 42 ADS 1129 Alpha Dunlop 5 106 Burnham 1103 1 Zeta Gamma 45 ADS 1538 ADS 1534 ADS 1563 Alpha Gamma Alpha ADS 1697 66 ADS 1709 Omicron 18 3053 3062 2 12 13 24 30 36 80 79 88 90 113 162 174 163 178 180 186 202 231 228 232 239 268 274 30 ∑ SU Ced214 ∑ Alpheratz ∑ Kappa Algenib AD 7 ∑ S ∑ ST Groombridge34 ∑ Iota VX R ∑ AQ Beta ∑ Zeta Delta 55 Schedar HN122 Delta Eta 65 Do13 Lambda1 36 Navi ∑ ∑ U ∑ ∑ Zeta Eta Lux Lydiae Mirach Zeta Kappa Z ∑ Psi R Gamma Achernar 51 UV p Nu 44 Phi ∑ ∑ ∑ Baten Kaitos ∑ ∑ Psi Epsilon ∑ 56 Lambda Upsilon ∑ Almach Hamal 59 Iota ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ Mira Iota ∑ ∑ N umber n ame ST001 O ∑∑ 254 ST002 ST003 ST004 ST005 ST006 ST007 ST008 ST009 ST010 ST011 ST012 ST013 ST014 ST015 ST016 ST017 ST018 ST019 ST020 ST021 ST022 ST023 ST024 ST025 ST026 ST027 ST028 ST029 ST030 O ∑ ST031 ST032 ST033 ST034 ST035 ST036 ST037 ST038 ST039 ST040 ST041 ST042 ST043 ST044 ST045 ST046 ST047 ST048 ST049 ST050 ST051 ST052 ST053 ST054 ST055 ST056 ST057 ST058 ST059 ST060 ST061 ST062 ST063 ST064 ST065 ST066 ST067 ST068 ST069 ST070 ST071 ST072 ST073 ST074 ST075 ST076 ST077 ST078 ST079 ST080 ST081 ST082 ST083 ST084 ST085 ST086 G A PPE N D I X E: S T C ATALO

26 double star double star double star colored double star variable star double star challenge double star variable triple star star magnitude contrast double star variable star double star double star challenge double star challenge double star double star star red variable star colored double star double star variable star double star double star equal magnitude double star colored double star challenge double star double star star star star variable star double star double star double star star equal magnitude double star star double star double star variable star star red variable star star double star equal magnitude double star star star colored double star magnitude contrast double star star variable star challenge double star double triple star challenge star star double star double star variable star double star challenge double star red variable star challenge double star equal magnitude double star colored double star equal magnitude double star double star colored double star star star equal magnitude double star red variable star variable star equal magnitude double star double star red variable star star variable star star star star star double star variable star equal magnitude double star double star double star variable star star variable star star Code 2 2 5 22 2 4 22 6 9 22 2 2 4 4 2 21 1 5 2 22 2 2 3 5 4 2 21 21 21 22 2 2 2 21 3 21 2 2 22 21 1 21 2 3 21 21 5 9 21 22 4 2 8 21 2 2 22 2 4 1 4 3 5 3 2 5 21 21 3 1 22 3 2 1 21 22 21 21 21 21 2 22 3 2 2 22 21 22 21 21 Con UMi For Ari Tri Cet Ari Cas Ari Per Hor Cet Eri Ari Ari Per Cet Per Cep Hyi Per For Eri Cam Per Per Ret Eri Ari Per Per Ari Cam Cam Per Tau Eri Cam Cam Cam Per Eri Hyi Tau Eri Cam Per Eri Per Eri Tau Per Cam Eri Ret Ret Tau Tau Tau Tau Eri Eri Per Cam Tau Eri Tau Eri Eri Tau Eri Cae Eri Pic Cam Ori Tau Ori Ori Aur Ori Aur Lep Ori Lep Ori Aur Aur Ori Lep Aur

18" 11" 39" * 2.7" 3" Stellar 3" 28" * 9" 8" 1.4" 1" 12" * * 5" 15" * 5" 3.5" 7" 3" 0.9" 5" * 9° * * 7" 2.4" 2.7" * 11" * 1.4" 46" * * 9" 8" * * 7" 9" * * 1.4" 90" 83" * 4" 52" Stellar 19.4" 1.4" * 1.7" 9" 10" 3" 4’ 30" 11° * 4" * * 9" 12" Stellar * * * * * * 5.4" * 21" 5.5" 15" Stellar * * * * Mag Sep 2 5 6.5 5.4 3.6 7.4 6.2 5.2 3.9 4.7 7.3 3.5 4.6 4.6 5.4 2.5 3.4 5.8 5.6 2.2 4 6 8.5 6.7 7.8 5.2 3.7 4.5 1.8 8.1 7.1 4.2 6.5 4.4 6.4 3.7 6.8 6.8 8.1 3.8 4.4 3.2 5 4.9 4.5 2.9 5 2.9 3 3.3 7.4 7 4.5 4.4 6.2 5 8.4 5.5 7.3 4 7.3 7 5.4 6.9 5.7 0.9 3.9 3.9 7.3 4.3 6.7 6.7 5.6 9.2 3.7 8 3.7 4.1 2.7 4.5 5 5.9 6.6 7.5 6.5 2.9 3.8 8.6 3.2 3.2 Dec +89 16 -28 13 +24 38 +34.3 +03.2 +19 22 +69 38 +17 28 +55 53 -49.9 -00.6 -40.3 +29.3 +21 20 +52 20 +04.1 +38.8 +79 24 -79.0 +41.0 -29.0 -44.4 +60 02 +40 29 +38.6 -62.5 -21.8 +29.0 +49 52 +44.2 +20 27 +59.9 +59 21 +48.0 +27 34 -09.5 +60.0 +63.9 +62.6 +32.3 -12.1 -74.2 +11.2 -37 37 +65.5 +31.9 -03.0 +40 01 -13.5 +12.5 +38.1 +62 20 -07.7 -59.3 -63.3 +27.4 +19 32 +25.6 +15.1 -34.0 -21 30 +40 01 +53 55 +18 01 -06.7 +16.5 -03.4 -14.3 +26 56 -19.7 -38.2 -08 48 -53.5 +68 10 +05.6 +28.5 +02.4 +13.5 +33.2 +01.7 +37.9 -14.8 +03 36 -13.5 +01.6 +43 49 +41.1 +01.2 -22.4 +41.2 02 31.8 02 33.9 02 37.0 02 37.0 02 43.3 02 47.5 02 48.9 02 49.3 02 50.7 02 53.9 02 57.2 02 58.3 02 59.2 02 59.2 03 00.8 03 02.3 03 05.2 03 06.2 03 07.5 03 08.2 03 12.1 03 12.4 03 16.3 03 17.2 03 17.7 03 18.2 03 19.5 03 20.3 03 24.3 03 27.7 03 28.0 03 29.1 03 30.1 03 30.6 03 31.3 03 32.9 03 35.0 03 40.0 03 41.6 03 44.3 03 46.1 03 47.2 03 48.3 03 48.6 03 49.5 03 54.1 03 54.3 03 57.9 03 58.0 04 00.7 04 07.6 04 07.8 04 15.2 04 16.5 04 17.7 04 20.4 04 22.0 04 22.6 04 22.7 04 24.0 04 27.9 04 31.4 04 32.0 04 33.5 04 33.9 04 35.9 04 36.3 04 38.2 04 38.5 04 40.4 04 40.5 04 43.6 04 50.9 04 51.2 04 51.2 04 51.6 04 54.2 04 56.4 04 57.0 04 58.5 04 59.3 04 59.6 05 00.6 05 00.7 05 02.0 05 02.0 05 02.5 05 05.4 05 05.5 05 06.5 16 O ther ra Alpha h 3506 TRI R Gamma Eta ADS 2237 Theta Epsilon Alpha 25 Beta ADS 2402 ADS 2472 75871 SAO Alpha ADS 2544 ADS 2612 ADS 2650 ADS 2726 26 30 ∆ 12916 SAO Zeta ADS 2850 Gamma 35 ADS 2995 SZ 40 3 Rumker ADS 3137 Chi Upsilon3 ADS 3305 Alpha 48 55 Dunlop 18 RV 3 8 9 10 ADS 3572 R ADS 3606 ADS 3623 8 10 36 531 299 305 307 330 333 331 320 362 369 394 385 389 401 400 52 485 528 552 559 572 590 627 631 630 Polaris Omega 30 R ∑ ∑ RZ pi ∑ R ∑ Acamar ∑ Epsilon ∑ Menkar Rho ∑ h3568 Algol Alpha h3556 ∑ ∑ ADS2446 Zeta Tau4 Topaz Toms Mirfak Y ∑ ∑ ∑ Sigma ∑ Epsilon ∑ U1 Omicron Pi Gamma ∑ BE Atik 32 Epsilon Zaurak Lambda ∑ Omicron2 Epsilon Theta Phi T ∑ ADS3169 43 ß 184 ∑ 1 ∑ 46 Aldebaran Nu 53 ∑ 54 R ∑ Iota ST Pi4 TT Pi5 Omicron2 Iota Pi6 Omega Hinds Crimson Star ∑ ∑ ∑ Epsilon Zeta W Epsilon Eta N umber n ame ST087 ST088 ST089 ST090 ST091 ST092 ST093 ST094 ST095 ST096 ST097 ST098 ST099 ST100 ST101 ST102 ST103 ST104 ST105 ST106 ST107 ST108 ST109 ST110 ST111 ST112 ST113 ST114 ST115 ST116 ST117 ST118 ST119 ST120 ST121 ST122 ST123 ST124 O ∑ ST125 ST126 ST127 ST128 ST129 ST130 F ST131 ST132 ST133 ST134 ST135 ST136 ST137 O ∑ ST138 ST139 ST140 ST141 ST142 ST143 ST144 ST145 ST146 ST147 ST148 ST149 ST150 ST151 ST152 ST153 ST154 ST155 ST156 ST157 ST158 ST159 ST160 ST161 ST162 ST163 ST164 ST165 ST166 ST167 ST168 ST169 ST170 ST171 ST172 ST173 ST174 ST175 ST176

27 double star challenge double star variable star variable star challenge double star double star colored double star magnitude contrast double triple star star star equal magnitude double star magnitude contrast double star variable star double star double star double star challenge double star double star double star star double star double star asterism star double star star equal magnitude double star variable star double star magnitude contrast double quadruple star star magnitude contrast double star star star quadruple star star star magnitude contrast double star variable star double star variable star star star challenge double star star star star equal magnitude double star star variable star magnitude contrast double star red variable star equal magnitude double star double star variable star double star variable star star star double star variable star star variable star star star colored double star star variable star double triple star star double star colored double star double star variable star double star double star double star double star challenge double star colored double star variable star double star double star double star double star double star challenge double star red variable star double star variable star magnitude contrast double Code 4 22 22 4 2 5 9 6 21 3 9 22 2 2 2 4 2 2 21 2 2 21 0 2 21 3 22 2 9 7 9 21 21 21 7 21 9 22 2 22 21 21 4 21 21 21 3 21 22 9 1 3 2 22 2 22 21 21 2 22 21 22 21 21 5 21 22 2 6 2 5 2 22 2 2 2 2 4 5 22 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 2 22 9 Con Ori Aur Eri Aur Lep Ori Ori Aur Aur Lep Lep Aur Lep Ori Ori Ori Aur Pic Ori Aur Tau Ori Tau Ori Tau Aur Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Ori Tau Ori Col Ori Cam Lep Tau Col Ori Ori Col Lep Aur Ori Ori Ori Aur Aur Pup Ori Gem Aur Aur Mon Gem Aur Mon Cma Mon Cma Gem Mon Car Ori Gem Mon Aur Gem Aur Gem Aur Aur Aur Mon Aur Cma Aur Aur Aur Gem Pic Aur Cma Cma Mon Gem Cma 0.7" * * 2" 13" 7" 9.4" 11" * 39" 4" * 3.2" 32" 6" 1.5" 9" 38" * 31" 5" * 5° 53" * 8" * 36" 4" 13" 11" * * * 11" * 2.4" * 97" * * * “1.3" * * 30" 19" Stellar * 3.5" 1° 2.7" 30" * 8" * 8° * 11" * 8.5° * * * 13" * * 27" 3" 4.5" 20" 43" * 3.5" 2.6" 6" 30" 1.3" 17.5" * 2.2" 10" 70" 2.4" 4.6" 0.7" 2.5° 7" * 9" Mag Sep 5.9 8.5 9 6.8 4.5 4.5 0 5.1 0.1 6.2 4.7 7.4 5.5 5 6 3.4 5 6.8 1.6 6.6 5.8 4.7 5 2.2 4.7 7.5 8 4.8 3.4 5.1 2.9 1.7 4 3 3.7 2.6 2 7.7 3.7 7.1 5.2 2 6.1 3.1 3.8 4 8.8 0.5 5.3 2.6 4.3 7 6 7.5 6.1 10 4 3.3 6.9 9.5 3 6 2 2.9 4.3 -0.7 8.5 6.6 3.8 11.5 6.3 6.7 8.5 7.6 7.4 7.4 8.3 8.5 6 5.1 9.7 8.8 7.6 6.4 9.6 8 7.8 7.1 8.7 -1 Dec +08 29 +39.0 -05.6 +37 17 -11.9 +02 52 -08.2 +32.7 +46 00 -18 30 -21 14 +32.5 -24.8 +03.6 -08.4 -02 24 +37.4 -52.3 +06.3 +34.9 +25 09 -01.1 +17.0 -00.3 +18.6 +49 24 +07.2 -06.0 +09 56 -05 23 -05 55 -01.2 +09.3 +21.1 -02 36 -34.1 -01.9 +62.5 -22.5 +20.7 -32.3 -09.7 +06 27 -35.8 -20.9 +39.1 +07 02 +07 24 +20.2 +37 13 +45.9 -48 27 +02 30 +26.0 +48 42 +47.0 -06.3 +22.5 +36.2 -05.3 -30.1 -02.2 -18.0 +22.5 +04 36 -52 42 +14.7 +20 47 -07 02 +38.9 +17.8 +38.1 +16.1 +38.4 +37.1 +37.7 +05.3 +38.0 -18.7 +38.5 +38.2 +38.4 +12.2 -61.5 +38.8 -29.1 -30.0 +08 59 +31.5 -16.7 05 07.9 05 09.1 05 09.8 05 10.4 05 12.3 05 13.3 05 14.5 05 15.4 05 16.7 05 19.3 05 20.5 05 21.8 05 21.8 05 22.8 05 23.3 05 24.5 05 24.7 05 24.8 05 25.1 05 25.2 05 29.3 05 29.7 05 30.0 05 32.0 05 32.2 05 32.4 05 33.2 05 35.0 05 35.1 05 35.3 05 35.4 05 36.2 05 36.9 05 37.6 05 38.7 05 39.6 05 40.8 05 42.2 05 44.5 05 45.7 05 46.0 05 47.8 05 48.0 05 51.0 05 51.3 05 51.5 05 54.9 05 55.2 05 55.8 05 59.7 05 59.9 06 04.8 06 09.0 06 10.9 06 11.7 06 13.4 06 14.9 06 14.9 06 15.6 06 19.7 06 20.3 06 22.7 06 22.7 06 23.0 06 23.8 06 24.0 06 25.5 06 27.8 06 28.8 06 31.8 06 32.3 06 34.3 06 34.4 06 34.7 06 35.1 06 35.4 06 35.9 06 36.2 06 36.4 06 36.5 06 36.9 06 37.3 06 37.6 06 38.0 06 38.4 06 39.1 06 39.5 06 41.2 06 42.2 06 45.1 O ther ra 14 Iota Beta ORI 14 Alpha ADS 3954 ADS 3962 ADS 3978 ADS 3984 Dunlop 20 Gamma ADS 4000 118 31 KBC Group ADS 4134 CE ADS 4182 Iota Epsilon 123 Alpha Zeta ADS 4334 196149 SAO Kappa 52 Wazn Alpha 41 Eta ADS 4849 Furud Beta Alpha BL 20 ADS 5191 ADS 5208 ADS 5311 Alpha 98 644 655 653 696 701 698 716 725 718 747 752 795 817 855 845 872 924 928 929 939 953 23 TX SY ∑ ∑ Rho Rigel ∑ Capella S 476 h3750 UV ADS3954 ∑ ∑ Eta Sigma Theta Bellatrix ∑ ∑ ∑ TL9 Delta 119 ∑ RT ∑ Lambda Trapezium ∑ Alnilam Phi2 Zeta Sigma Phact Alnitak U2 Gamma Y Mu Saiph ∑ Beta Delta Nu ∑ Betelgeuse U Theta Pi ∆ ∑ TU ∑ SS Gamma Propus ∑ KS Zeta V Mirzam Mu 8 Canopus BL 15 Beta ADS5150 ∑ ADS5188 CR ∑ ADS5201 ∑ ∑ ADS5221 Nu1 UU ADS5240 ADS5245 South529 Innes5 ADS5265 Innes1156 SAO172106 ∑ VW Sirius N umber n ame ST178 ST179 ST180 ST181 ST182 ST183 ST184 ST185 ST186 ST187 ST188 ST189 ST190 ST191 ST192 ST193 ST194 ST195 ST196 ST197 ST198 ST199 ST200 ST201 ST202 ST203 ST204 ST205 ST206 ST207 ST208 ST209 ST210 ST211 ST212 ST213 ST214 ST215 ST216 ST217 ST218 ST219 ST220 ST221 ST222 ST223 ST224 ST225 ST226 ST227 ST228 ST229 ST230 ST231 ST232 ST233 ST234 ST235 ST236 ST237 ST238 ST239 ST240 ST241 ST242 ST243 ST244 ST245 ST246 ST247 ST248 ST249 ST250 ST251 ST252 ST253 ST254 ST255 ST256 ST257 ST258 ST259 ST260 ST261 ST262 ST263 ST264 ST265 ST266 ST177 O ∑

28 triple star challenge star equal magnitude double star star challenge double star variable star challenge double star star star colored double star magnitude contrast double star variable asterism star variable star double star star star double star variable star equal magnitude double star variable star red variable star double star double star equal magnitude double star challenge double star star colored double triple star star magnitude contrast double triple star star star double star challenge double star equal magnitude double star challenge double star red variable star equal magnitude double star equal magnitude double star star magnitude contrast double star equal magnitude double triple star star double star variable star star double star double star star variable star variable star double star double triple star challenge star double star star variable star double star variable star star star double star double star equal magnitude double star double star double triple star star double star star challenge double quadruple star star star double star double star colored double star magnitude contrast double star equal magnitude double star variable star double star star equal magnitude double star star magnitude contrast double star star double star magnitude contrast double star equal magnitude double star star variable star challenge double star challenge double 8 3 21 4 22 4 21 21 5 9 22 0 22 2 21 21 2 22 3 22 1 2 2 3 4 21 5 6 9 6 21 2 4 3 4 1 3 3 21 9 3 6 2 22 21 2 2 21 22 22 2 2 8 2 21 22 2 22 21 21 2 2 3 2 2 6 2 21 4 7 21 2 2 5 9 3 22 2 21 3 21 9 21 2 9 3 21 22 4 4 Code Lyn Lyn Cma Lyn Mon Mon Cma Cma Gem Cma Mon Gem Mon Cma Cma Cma Pup Gem Lyn Gem CMa Vol Gem Gem Gem Cma CMa CMa Gem Lyn Cmi Pup Lyn Pup Gem Gem Pup Pup CMi Gem Pup Cam Cmi Gem Car Pup Cam Pup Pup Pup Vol Vel Cnc Car Cnc Cnc Vol Pup Lyn Vol Pup Cnc Cnc Vel Vel Vel Cnc Hya Car Cnc Pyx Vel Hya Cnc Hyd Lyn Cnc Cnc Uma Cnc Vel Uma Car Vel Vel Uma Car Uma Lyn Lyn Con

2" 5" * 0.4" * 1.3" * * 7" 2.8" * 2’ * 7.5" * * 20.5" * 4.1" * Stellar 13.6" 1.9" 4" 1.3" * 27" 15" 6" 15" * 22" 0.8" 10" 1.8" 2.5° 7" 10" Stellar 7" 17" 5" 22" Stellar 4° 16" 49" 4° * * 6" 41" 0.6" 4" * * 65" * 15° 6° 8" 6" 5" 3.6" 5" 4" 10" * 1.4" 21" * 2.6" 5" 30" 3" 4" * 5" 1° 8" Stellar 4" 50’ 2.7’ 6" 18" 5’ * 3" 1" 4.9 5.5 4 5.7 9.4 7.1 3.9 4.1 4.7 5.3 9.2 7.3 7 1.5 3.5 3 5.6 3.7 6.9 6 6.4 4 4.4 8.2 7.2 3.9 4.5 4.4 3.5 5.6 4.3 3.3 8.8 5.1 2 4.1 7.9 3.8 0.4 3.7 6.1 7 7.9 8.2 3.5 6.5 6 2.3 8.5 8.9 4.4 1.9 4.7 5.3 3.5 6.1 5.4 8.9 4.3 3.8 6.5 7.1 6.3 5.5 5 6.4 6 4.4 6.9 6.4 3.7 2.1 6.4 4 3.4 7.5 5.6 5.9 4.8 6.9 2.2 4.8 3.4 6.7 5.2 8.1 4.3 8.6 3.9 6.6 Mag Sep +59 27 +55 42 -32.5 +59.5 -04.6 -05 51 -24.2 -12.0 +13 11 -14 02 +07.1 +14.2 +06.2 -29.0 -27.9 -23.8 -43.6 +20.6 +52 45 +22.7 -11 55 -70.5 +30.2 +22 17 +27.2 -26.8 -23 19 -24 57 +21 59 +55 17 +08.9 -43.3 +50.0 -23 28 +31.9 +26.9 -14 29 -26 48 +05 14 +24 23 -14 41 +64 03 +03 13 +22 00 -53.0 -50.0 +63.1 -40.0 -38.8 -22.9 -68.6 -47.3 +17 39 -62.9 +09.2 +11.7 -71.5 -15.9 +43.2 -66.1 -39.1 +24 32 +26 56 -47.9 -44 44 -39 04 +06 37 +03.3 -60.3 +19 40 -33.2 -54.7 -02.6 +28 46 +06 25 +35 03 +17.2 +32 15 +67.6 +22 59 -43 26 +67 08 -59.0 -43.6 -43 13 +52 42 -57.5 +51.4 +36 48 +38 11 Dec 06 46.2 06 48.2 06 49.8 06 53.1 06 53.2 06 54.1 06 54.1 06 54.2 06 54.6 06 56.1 06 56.4 06 58.1 06 58.4 06 58.6 07 01.7 07 03.0 07 04.0 07 04.1 07 05.7 07 07.4 07 08.1 07 08.8 07 11.1 07 12.0 07 12.8 07 14.8 07 16.6 07 18.7 07 20.1 07 22.9 07 28.2 07 29.2 07 30.3 07 34.3 07 34.6 07 35.9 07 36.6 07 38.8 07 39.3 07 44.4 07 45.5 07 47.0 07 49.4 07 55.1 07 56.8 07 59.2 08 02.5 08 03.6 08 05.4 08 07.5 08 07.9 08 09.5 08 12.2 08 15.3 08 16.5 08 16.6 08 19.8 08 22.7 08 22.8 08 25.7 08 26.3 08 26.7 08 26.7 08 29.1 08 29.5 08 31.4 08 35.8 08 38.8 08 39.2 08 40.4 08 43.6 08 44.7 08 45.3 08 46.7 08 46.8 08 50.8 08 55.4 09 01.4 09 02.5 09 07.5 09 08.0 09 10.4 09 11.0 09 12.5 09 14.4 09 14.9 09 16.2 09 18.4 09 18.8 09 21.0

12 13 14 16 14 Mu 21 22 24 Zeta RV Dunlop 42 ADS 5846 ADS 5871 28 h 3948 55 19 4 ADS 6117 “HN19, h269” Alpha 69 Alpha Kappa 2 V Zeta 7 Rumker Dunlop 65 8 Rumker 17 24 Phi 5 HYA Innes 10 ADS 6977 Iota 66 Lambda 38 O ther ra 80 179 948 958 963 987 997 1009 1035 1037 1062 1093 1121 1138 1127 1149 1224 1223 1245 1254 1270 1268 1282 1298 1311 1321 1334 1338 70 ∑ ∑ Kappa ∑ GY ∑ Omicron1 Theta 38 ∑ BG RV Epsilon Sigma Omicron2 Dunlop38 Mekbuda ∑ R W Gamma Tau ∑ ∑ Omega h3945 Tau Delta ∑ Gamma Sigma ∑ n Castor Upsilon ∑ K Procyon ∑ ∑ ∑ U Chi Dunlop59 S-h86 Naos RT RU Epsilon Gamma Zeta c Beta R Kappa AC 31 Beta h4903 ∑ ∑ h4104 ∆ h4107 ∑ Sigma h4128 ∑ Alpha Delta ∑ ∑ Epsilon ∑ X ∑ Rho ∑ Suhail Sigma2 a h4188 h4191 ∑ g RT ∑ ∑ ST267 ST268 ST269 ST270 ST271 ST272 ST273 ST274 ST275 ST276 ST277 ST278 O ∑ ST279 ST280 ST281 ST282 ST283 ST284 ST285 ST286 ST287 ST288 ST289 ST290 ST291 ST292 ST293 ST294 ST295 ST296 ST297 ST298 ST299 ST300 ST301 ST302 ST303 ST304 ST305 ST306 O ∑ ST307 ST308 ST309 ST310 ST311 ST312 ST313 ST314 ST315 ST316 ST317 ST318 ST319 ST320 ST321 ST322 ST323 ST324 ST325 ST326 ST327 ST328 ST329 ST330 ST331 ST332 ST333 ST334 ST335 ST336 ST337 ST338 ST339 ST340 ST341 ST342 ST343 ST344 ST345 ST346 ST347 ST348 ST349 ST350 ST351 ST352 ST353 ST354 ST355 ST356 N umber n ame

29 star star star double triple star star equal magnitude double star star challenge double star double star equal magnitude double star double star star magnitude contrast double star star variable star double star star double star red variable star variable star variable star star double star star variable star challenge double star double star star double star double star star star star double star magnitude contrast double star star star challenge double star variable star star variable star double star double star variable star variable star double star double star star double star magnitude contrast double star challenge double star double star double star double star challenge double triple star star double star red variable star double star equal magnitude double star challenge double triple star star star star colored double star double star double star colored double star challenge double star double star double triple star star star double star star colored double star red variable star equal magnitude double star variable star equal magnitude double star star double star double star challenge double star variable star red variable star double asterism star double star double star double 21 21 2 6 3 21 4 2 3 2 21 9 21 22 2 21 2 1 22 22 21 2 21 22 4 2 21 2 2 21 21 21 2 9 21 21 4 22 21 22 2 2 22 22 2 2 21 2 9 4 2 2 2 4 6 2 1 2 3 4 6 21 21 5 2 2 5 4 2 2 6 21 2 21 5 1 3 22 3 21 2 2 4 22 1 2 0 2 2 2 Code Lyn Vel Hya Leo Hya Hya Leo Vel Leo Ant Vel Uma Leo Car Lyn Hya Car Leo Sex Hya Leo Hya Leo Car Leo Leo Car Car Leo Uma Hya Ant Leo Ant Car Leo Leo Ant Cha Hya Vel Sex Uma Uma Cha Sex Hya Leo Car Uma Uma Leo Mus Leo Leo Leo Dra Leo Hyd Cen Leo Vir Leo Hya Leo Uma Cha Vir Com Cen Crv Crv Cen Cru Cvn Mus Vir Crv Com Cru UMa Vir Com Cen Vir Cru Vir Crv Cru Vir Con

* * 21" 2.1" 2.3" Stellar 0.5" 61" 14" 8" * 23" * * 25" * 5" Stellar * * * 8" Stellar * 1.4" 5.5’ * 2.1" 4.4" * * * 3.8" 11" * * 2" * * * 52" 7" * * 4.5’ 2.5" * 6.8" 7" 1.3" 7" 10" 2.3" 1.3" 29" 1.5’ 20’ 16" 9" 1" 3" * Stellar 0.9" 73" 4" 0.9" 1.3" 3.6" 4.5’ 10" * 2.9" * 11.5" * 20" * 9" * 50" 21" 1.6" * Stellar 4.4" * 24" 10" 15" 3.1 2.5 7.2 4.5 7.5 2 5.9 7.8 8.3 5.8 3.1 3.8 4.3 3.8 6.5 3.9 3.1 4.4 9 8.3 3.9 8.7 1.4 4.5 7.2 3.4 3.4 5.6 2.5 3 3.8 4.3 6 5.7 3.3 3.9 5.7 8.1 4.1 7 4.3 6.3 7.5 5.9 4.5 6.9 3.1 4.5 7 4.5 3.5 7 5.1 4 6.2 5.5 3.8 6.4 5.8 6 6 4 2.1 4.7 8.4 6.7 5.4 8.7 6 2.6 6.6 3 5.6 2.8 6 4.1 6.6 6.7 6.3 3.6 9 6.5 6.8 9.2 6 1 12.8 3 1.6 8 Mag Sep +34.4 -55.0 +03 30 +26.2 +06 14 -08 40 +09.1 -45.5 +10 35 -31 53 -57.0 +63 03 +23.0 -62.8 +40.0 -01.1 -65.1 +11 26 -02.0 -23.0 +26.0 -12.9 +11 58 -61.6 +17.7 +23.4 -61.3 -64.7 +19.8 +41.5 -16.8 -31.1 +09.8 -30 36 -61.7 +09.3 +08 39 -39.6 -78.6 -13.4 -55.6 +04 44 +68.8 +67.4 -80.5 -04 01 -16.2 +24.8 -63.5 +31.5 +33.1 -01 38 -65.0 +10.5 +03 00 +02.9 +69.3 +14 21 -29 16 -40.6 +16 48 +06.5 +14 34 -33.9 +19.4 +46 29 -78.2 -02 26 +21.5 -50.7 -11 51 -22.6 -45.7 -58.7 +40.7 -68.0 -03 56 -19.3 +27 03 -60.4 +58 05 +05.3 +25.6 -49.4 +00 48 -63.1 +02.0 -16.5 -57.1 -11.1 Dec 09 21.1 09 22.1 09 23.3 09 24.7 09 27.3 09 27.6 09 28.5 09 28.6 09 30.6 09 30.8 09 31.2 09 31.5 09 31.7 09 32.2 09 35.4 09 39.9 09 47.1 09 47.6 09 51.0 09 51.1 09 52.8 09 54.5 10 08.4 10 09.4 10 16.3 10 16.7 10 17.1 10 19.1 10 20.0 10 22.3 10 26.1 10 27.2 10 27.6 10 29.6 10 32.0 10 32.8 10 35.0 10 35.2 10 35.5 10 37.6 10 39.3 10 43.4 10 44.6 10 45.1 10 45.8 10 49.3 10 49.6 10 55.6 11 17.5 11 18.2 11 18.5 11 19.4 11 23.4 11 23.9 11 26.8 11 27.9 11 31.4 11 31.8 11 32.3 11 33.6 11 34.7 11 45.9 11 49.1 11 52.9 11 54.6 11 55.1 11 59.6 12 03.5 12 04.3 12 08.4 12 09.5 12 10.1 12 14.0 12 15.1 12 16.1 12 17.6 12 18.1 12 19.6 12 20.6 12 21.4 12 22.4 12 22.5 12 24.4 12 24.6 12 25.3 12 26.6 12 29.1 12 29.9 12 31.2 12 31.6 40 ADS 7351 Alpha Omega 23 Lambda ADS 7438 11 Rumker RV Mu ADS 7571 Alpha Zeta Gamma Mu 42 HN 50 47 x 35 40 ADS 7979 ADS 8119 Nu ADS 8148 83 84 Lambda x Beta 65 h4486 2 ADS 8489 4 Winnecke ADS 8531 ADS 8539 RV Alpha Delta Gamma ADS 8585 O ther ra 112 1347 1355 1356 1360 1351 1369 1466 1476 1529 1540 1552 1579 1593 1604 1627 1633 1639 1649 Alpha Kappa ∑ Kappa ∑ Alphard ∑ Dunlop76 ∑ Zeta N ∑ Alterf R ∑ Iota Upsilon R W Y Rasalas h4262 Regulus S ADS7704 Adhafera q h4306 Algieba Australis Tania Mu Alpha 45 Delta p Rho 49 U Gamma U Dunlop95 ∑ R VY Delta ∑ Nu 54 SAO251342 Xi Alula Borealis ∑ h4432 Iota ∑ Tau Giausar 88 N Innes78 ∑ Nu Denebola Beta ∑ Epsilon ∑ Zeta Delta ∑ Epsilon Rumker14 Delta 2 Epsilon ∑ R ∑ Epsilon M40 17 ∑ S SS Acrux 3C273 Algorab Gacrux ∑ ST357 ST358 ST359 ST360 ST361 ST362 ST363 ST364 ST365 ST366 ST367 ST368 ST369 ST370 ST371 ST372 ST373 ST374 ST375 ST376 ST377 ST378 ST379 ST380 ST381 ST382 ST383 ST384 ST385 ST386 ST387 ST388 ST389 ST390 ST391 ST392 ST393 ST394 ST395 ST396 ST397 ST398 ST399 ST400 ST401 ST402 ST403 ST404 ST405 ST406 ST407 ST408 ST409 ST410 ST411 ST412 ST413 ST414 ST415 ST416 ST417 ST418 ST419 ST420 ST421 O ∑ ST422 ST423 ST424 ST425 ST426 ST427 ST428 ST429 ST430 ST431 ST432 ST433 ST434 ST435 ST436 ST437 ST438 ST439 ST440 ST441 ST442 ST443 ST444 ST445 ST446 N umber n ame

30 colored double star colored double star star challenge double star equal magnitude double star challenge double star double star red variable star double star challenge double star star equal magnitude double star magnitude contrast double star double star red variable star double star variable star challenge double star star double triple star challenge star challenge double star double star double star double star star colored double star variable star double star variable star magnitude contrast double star double star star magnitude contrast double star double star variable star star double star star star double star star star star star colored double star challenge double star star double star variable star challenge double star equal magnitude double star colored double star double star double star star variable star star magnitude contrast double star double star double star double star challenge double star star star double star star colored double star double star double star star challenge double star challenge double star double star star star double star colored double star double star double star star double star challenge double star red variable star double star double star variable star challenge double star challenge double star double star variable 5 21 4 3 4 2 1 2 4 21 3 9 2 1 2 22 4 21 2 8 4 2 2 2 21 5 22 2 22 9 2 21 9 2 22 21 2 21 21 2 21 21 21 21 5 4 21 2 22 4 3 5 2 2 21 22 21 9 2 2 2 4 21 21 2 21 5 2 2 21 4 4 2 21 21 2 5 2 2 21 2 4 1 2 2 22 4 4 2 22 Code CVn Mus Hya Crv Cen Vir CVn Cru Mus Cru Cam Com Cru Vir Cvn Dra Com Mus Mus Vir Com Vir Cen Uma Vir Dra Hyd Cvn Vir Cvn Vir Cen Boo Cen Cen Uma Boo Cen Boo Cen Cen Cen Hya Vir Boo Vir Boo Boo Cen Boo Vir Cen Boo Lib Umi Cen Boo Lup Cen Boo Boo Boo Lup Cen Cir Cen Boo Cir Hya Aps Vir Lib Boo Hya Umi Lib Boo Lup Lib Lup Oct Boo Lib Lup Lup Tra CrB Lup Ser Crb Con

20" * 1.3" 5" 1" 3" Stellar 27 1.4 * 22" 29" 35" * 19" * 1.5" 8’ 5.3" 7" 0.5" 5" 1’ 14" * 69" Stellar 4.4" * 1.8" 2.8" * 5" 5.3" * * 3.4" * * 8" 5° * * * 13" 0.8" Stellar 39" * 1.3" 6" 9" 6" 35" * * * 19" 20" 5.6" 6" 1" * * 16" 17’ 3" 68" 8" 10° 0.7" 2" 3" * * 4’ 7" 2.4" 23" * 18’ 1.5" * 32" 27" * 1.5" 1.2" 13" * 5 2.7 5.5 5.3 2.2 3.5 7.4 4.7 3.7 1.3 5.3 5.1 4.3 3.4 3 6.8 8.8 3.6 5.7 4.4 5 6.8 4.7 2.3 1 6.7 4 7 6 5 7.9 2.3 5.7 5.3 5.5 1.9 7.6 4.2 4.1 4.5 2.6 0.6 3.3 4.2 4.4 7.8 0 4.9 5.3 8.1 7.6 5 5.1 6.4 4.3 10.7 3.6 5.4 0 5 4.9 3.8 2.3 4 3.2 4 2.4 6.2 5.2 3.8 7.6 5.4 5.7 4.4 2.1 2.8 4.6 6 5.9 2.6 5.7 4.8 3.2 6.7 3.9 8.1 6.6 5.1 7 5.8 Mag Sep +18 23 -69.1 -27.1 -13 01 -49.0 -01.4 +45 26 -61.0 -68.1 -59.7 +83 25 +21 14 -57.2 +03.4 +38.3 +66.0 +27 28 -71.5 -65.3 -05 32 +17 32 -18 50 -61.0 +54 56 -11.2 +64 43 -23 17 +36.8 -07.2 +36.3 -07.9 -53.5 +19 57 -54.6 -33.6 +49.3 +27.0 -34.5 +15.8 -33.0 -47.3 -60.4 -26.7 -10.3 +51 47 +03 08 +19 11 +51.4 -59.9 +48.5 -07 46 -58.5 +08 26 -19 58 +75.7 -62.7 +30.4 -46 08 -60 50 +16.4 +16 25 +13 44 -47.4 -37.8 -65.0 -35.2 +27 04 -55.6 -25 26 -79.0 +05 57 -14 09 +48 43 -28.0 +74.2 -16.0 +19 06 -47.9 -21 22 -43.1 -83.2 +47 39 -25.3 -45.3 -48.7 -70.1 +26 50 -47.9 +10 26 +31.4 Dec 12 35.1 12 37.2 12 37.7 12 41.3 12 41.5 12 41.7 12 45.1 12 45.6 12 46.3 12 47.7 12 49.2 12 53.3 12 54.6 12 55.6 12 56.0 12 56.4 12 58.7 13 02.3 13 08.1 13 10.0 13 13.4 13 22.6 13 23.9 13 25.2 13 27.1 13 29.7 13 32.3 13 33.0 13 37.5 13 37.6 13 39.9 13 40.7 13 41.7 13 41.8 13 47.5 13 49.1 13 49.4 13 49.5 13 51.8 13 55.5 14 03.8 14 06.4 14 12.9 14 13.5 14 15.3 14 15.7 14 16.2 14 16.6 14 20.3 14 22.6 14 22.6 14 23.4 14 25.5 14 27.5 14 29.9 14 31.8 14 37.3 14 39.6 14 40.7 14 40.7 14 41.1 14 41.9 14 42.0 14 42.5 14 43.7 14 45.0 14 45.2 14 46.0 14 47.9 14 48.9 14 49.3 14 49.7 14 50.3 14 50.7 14 50.9 14 51.4 14 56.5 14 57.3 14 58.5 15 01.8 15 03.8 15 04.1 15 11.6 15 11.9 15 14.3 15 18.3 15 18.5 15 18.7 15 21.4 13 09.9

h4539 Gamma RV h4547 Beta 32 35 Dunlop 126 Alpha 16 Rumker Theta” “51, Dunlop 133 Zeta Alpha V ADS 8934 ADS 8974 ADS 8972 1 Eta ADS 9031 k Beta Alpha ADS 9198 ADS 9229 ADS 9286 ADS 9296 Alpha ADS 9338 pi Dunlop 166 Epsilon Dunlop 169 H 97 Beta Alpha 37 H 28 Dunlop 177 h4753 O ther ra 1669 1694 1687 1699 1724 1755 1763 1772 1785 1819 1834 1833 1835 1864 1883 1932 1931 24 Alpha ADS8612 ∑ Gamma Porrima Y Iota Beta Mimosa ∑ ∑ Mu Delta Cor Caroli RY ∑ Delta Theta ∑ Alpha 54 J Mizar Spica R ∑ S 25 ∑ Epsilon ∑ Dunlop141 T Alkaid ∑ 2 Upsilon 3 Zeta Hadar Pi Kappa Kappa ∑ Arcturus Iota R ∑ ∑ Dunlop159 ∑ SHJ 179 5 Proxima Rho h4690 Rigil Kentaurus Pi ∑ Zeta Alpha q Alpha c1 Izar Dunlop 54 Alpha ∑ Mu 39 58 Kochab Zubenelgenubi Xi h4715 33 Beta Pi 44 Sigma Dunlop178 Kappa X ∑ Mu ∑ S ST447 ST448 ST449 ST450 ST451 ST452 ST453 ST454 ST455 ST456 ST457 ST458 ST459 ST460 ST461 ST462 ST463 ST464 ST465 ST466 ST467 ST468 ST469 ST470 ST471 ST472 O ∑∑ 123 ST473 ST474 ST475 ST476 ST477 ST478 ST479 ST480 ST481 ST482 ST483 ST484 ST485 ST486 ST487 ST488 ST489 ST490 ST491 ST492 ST493 ST494 ST495 ST496 ST497 ST498 ST499 ST500 ST501 ST502 ST503 ST504 ST505 ST506 ST507 ST508 ST509 ST510 ST511 ST512 ST513 ST514 ST515 ST516 ST517 ST518 ST519 ST520 ST521 ST522 ST523 ST524 ST525 ST526 ST527 ST528 ST529 ST530 ST531 ST532 ST533 ST534 ST535 ST536 N umber n ame

31 star star challenge double triple star star star double star equal magnitude double star double star star double star colored double star red variable star equal magnitude double star star double star challenge double star star variable star red variable star variable star double star star star star variable star magnitude contrast double star triple star challenge star star star colored double quadruple star star star double star double star magnitude contrast double star double star variable star double star double star double star challenge double star challenge double star variable triple star star star star variable star colored double star star star star star challenge double star variable star star star star equal magnitude double star challenge double star equal magnitude double star magnitude contrast double star star equal magnitude double star colored double star star double star star star star double star challenge double star star star star equal magnitude double star star star star double star star variable star star equal magnitude double star variable star variable star star variable star star star 21 4 6 21 2 3 2 21 2 5 1 3 21 2 4 21 22 1 22 2 21 21 21 22 9 21 8 21 21 5 7 21 2 2 9 2 22 2 2 2 4 4 22 6 21 21 22 5 21 21 21 21 4 22 21 21 21 3 4 3 9 21 3 5 21 2 21 21 21 2 4 21 21 21 3 21 21 21 2 21 22 21 3 22 22 21 22 21 21 21 Code Lup CrB Boo Dra Umi Lib Ser Lup Lup Lib Lup Lib Lib Crb Crb Ser CrB Ser Ser Lup Sco Crb Sco CrB Lup Sco Sco Sco Sco Her Sco Oph CrB Aps Sco Oph Oph Nor Tra Her Sco Oph Dra Dra Sco Oph Sco Her Tra Ara Sco Sco Dra Sco Oph Ara Ara Dra Oph Her Her Her Oph Oph Oph Her Ara Ara Oph Ara Oph Her Sco Ara Dra Sco Oph Her Dra Sco Pav Oph Oph Sgr Sco Sco Oph Dra Dra Oph Con

50’ 1.0" 2" * 31" 9" 3.9" * 2.2" 3" * 12" 2° 6.3" 0.3" * Stellar * * 10" * * * Stellar 15" * 1" * 14’ 28" 1" * 7" * 20" 3.1" * 23" 20" 1.7" 3" 1.4" * 3" * * * 1.4" * * * * 1.4" * 75’ * 40’ 2" 0.6" 4.6" 10" 7° 5" 10" * 4" * * 4° 2.2" 1.1" * * * 62" 35’ * * 30" 2.5° * * 21" * * 2° * * * Stellar 3.6 5.6 4.3 3.3 6.9 7.5 4 2.8 4.7 3.6 4.3 5.8 3.7 5 4.2 2.7 5.7 4.1 5.2 5.2 3.9 4.2 2.9 2 3.6 2.3 4.2 2.5 4 5 4 2.7 5.2 4.7 2.9 5.3 7.3 4.8 5.3 7.7 1 4.2 6.7 5.1 4.2 2.6 8 3 1.9 3.8 2.3 3 7.1 5.1 3.2 3.1 4.1 4.9 2.4 3 3.2 3.2 4.3 5.2 3.3 4.2 2.9 3.3 4.3 6 6 4.4 2.7 3 4.9 1.6 2.1 3.8 4.9 2.4 5.7 2.8 6.2 9 8.5 3.2 6 3.8 2.2 9.5 Mag Sep -36.3 +30 17 +37 23 +59.0 +80 26 -24 29 +10.5 -41.2 -45.0 -28.1 -42.6 -08 47 -29.8 +36.6 +26.3 +06.4 +28 09 +18.1 +15.1 -33 58 -29.2 +26.9 -26.1 +25 55 -38 24 -22.6 -11 22 -19.8 -20.7 +17 03 -19 28 -03.7 +33 52 -78.7 -25 35 -23.5 -12.4 -47.6 -64.1 +18.4 -26.4 +02.0 +66.8 +52 55 -35.3 -10.6 -32.4 +31.6 -69.0 -59.0 -34.3 -38.0 +65.0 -30.6 +09.4 -56.0 -53.2 +54 28 -15.7 +14.4 +24 50 +36.8 -26 36 -24 17 -25.0 +37 09 -55.5 -56.4 +04.1 -45.9 -01 04 +26.1 -37.3 -49.9 +55 11 -37.1 +12 34 +46.0 +72 09 -39.0 -57.7 +04.6 +02 34 -18.6 -35.7 -37.0 -06.2 +56.9 +51.5 +04 34 Dec 15 21.8 15 23.2 15 24.5 15 24.9 15 29.2 15 33.1 15 34.8 15 35.1 15 35.9 15 37.0 15 38.1 15 38.7 15 38.7 15 39.4 15 42.7 15 44.3 15 48.6 15 48.7 15 50.7 15 56.9 15 56.9 15 57.6 15 58.9 15 59.5 16 00.1 16 00.3 16 04.4 16 05.4 16 06.8 16 08.1 16 12.0 16 14.3 16 14.7 16 20.3 16 21.2 16 25.6 16 26.7 16 27.2 16 28.0 16 28.9 16 29.4 16 30.9 16 32.7 16 36.2 16 36.4 16 37.2 16 40.6 16 41.3 16 48.7 16 49.8 16 50.2 16 52.3 16 56.4 16 56.6 16 57.7 16 58.6 16 59.6 17 05.3 17 10.4 17 14.6 17 15.0 17 15.0 17 15.3 17 18.0 17 22.0 17 23.7 17 25.3 17 25.4 17 26.5 17 26.9 17 30.4 17 30.7 17 30.8 17 31.8 17 32.2 17 33.6 17 34.9 17 39.5 17 41.9 17 42.5 17 43.3 17 43.5 17 44.6 17 45.0 17 47.5 17 49.9 17 52.6 17 53.5 17 56.6 17 57.8

Iota Pi Delta d ADS 9705 40 Zeta Gamma Alpha V 35 5 13 6 V Rmk 21 7 Beta 9 Delta “17, Sigma” H 121 ADS 10049 h4853 Dunlop 201 ADS 10075 Alpha ADS 10087 13 ADS 10157 Alpha 26 20 27 Eta Alpha 67 42 “75, Rho” 49 Dunlop 216 76 Upsilon Lambda Alpha 85 Psi Beta 61 Xi Gamma O ther ra 1972 1954 1962 1965 1967 2032 2052 2118 2161 2173 2241 2202 Phi1 Eta Mu Edasich ∑ Lal123 ∑ Gamma h4788 Upsilon Omega ∑ Tau ∑ ∑ Unukalhai R Kappa R Xi Rho Epsilon Pi T Eta Delta Xi Graffias Omega1 Kappa Nu Prior Yed ∑ Delta Sigma Rho V Epsilon Iota ∑ Antares Lambda R 16 H Zeta SU Zeta Atria Eta Epsilon Mu ∑ RR Kappa Zeta Epsilon1 Mu Sabik Rasalgethi Delta Pi 36 39 Theta ∑ Beta Gamma Sigma h4949 ∑ Lambda Lesath Alpha Nu Shaula Rasalhague Iota ∑ Kappa V Cebalrai ∑ SZ SX G Y Grumium Eltanin Barnards Star ST537 ST538 ST539 ST540 ST541 ST542 ST543 ST544 ST545 ST546 ST547 ST548 ST549 ST550 ST551 ST552 ST553 ST554 ST555 ST556 ST557 ST558 ST559 ST560 ST561 ST562 ST563 ST564 ST565 ST566 ST567 ST568 ST569 ST570 ST571 ST572 ST573 ST574 ST575 ST576 ST577 ST578 ST579 ST580 ST581 ST582 ST583 ST584 ST585 ST586 ST587 ST588 ST589 ST590 ST591 ST592 ST593 ST594 ST595 ST596 ST597 ST598 ST599 ST600 ST601 ST602 ST603 ST604 ST605 ST606 ST607 ST608 ST609 ST610 ST611 ST612 ST613 ST614 ST615 ST616 ST617 ST618 ST619 ST620 ST621 ST622 ST623 ST624 ST625 ST626 N umber n ame

32 colored double star colored double star equal magnitude double star equal magnitude double star challenge double star challenge double star star equal magnitude double star variable star star star star double star triple star star challenge double star star colored double star star variable star double star red variable star equal magnitude double star double star star challenge double star challenge double star star variable star variable star double quadruple star star double star equal magnitude double triple star star variable star magnitude contrast double star double star double star double star star colored double star star star double star challenge double star challenge double star variable star colored double star equal magnitude double triple star star red variable star colored double star equal magnitude double star red variable star double star double star equal magnitude double star double star star variable star variable star variable star red variable star variable star double star double star star colored double star star variable star variable star colored double star double star variable star equal magnitude double star magnitude contrast double star colored double star star magnitude contrast double star star magnitude contrast double star challenge double star double star variable star star variable star double star double star magnitude contrast double star variable 5 3 3 4 4 21 3 22 21 21 21 2 21 6 4 21 5 21 22 2 1 3 2 21 4 4 21 22 22 2 7 2 3 6 22 9 2 2 2 21 5 21 21 2 4 4 22 5 3 6 1 5 3 1 2 2 3 2 21 22 22 22 1 22 2 2 21 5 21 22 22 5 2 22 3 9 5 21 9 21 9 4 2 22 21 22 2 2 9 22 Code Sgr Dra Her Oph Oph Ara Her Lyr Sgr Lyr Sgr Sct Pav Dra Sgr Tel Ser Sgr Sgr Tel Lyr CrA Dra Sct Her Her Lyr Oph Lyr Dra Lyr Lyr Ser Aql Sct Lyr Sct Aql Dra Cyg Lyr Sgr Lyr Ser Lyr Lyr Aql Aql Cra Sgr Aql Aql Aql Aql Aql Lyr Cyg Aql Dra Sgr Sge Sgr Dra Lyr Vul Tel Vul Cyg Aql Sgr Cyg Sge Sgr Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Aql Cyg Sge Dra Aql Sge Cyg Aql Aql Aql Aql Cyg Sgr Con

6" 20" 6" 1.8" 1.5" * 14" * * * * 10" * 4" 1.8" 6’ 4" * * 11’ * 21" 26" * 0.7" 1.6" Stellar * * 13" 2" 44" 2" 13" Stellar 47" 14.3" 4" 35" * 45" * 4" 22" 1" 0.7" * 17" 13" 7" Stellar 38" 3" Stellar 8" 16" 8" 90" * * Stellar * Stellar Stellar 2" 70" * 35" * * * 28" 38" * 39" 2" 39" * 26" * 3" 1.4" 9" Stellar * * 36" 13" 3" * 5 5.7 4.3 5.2 4 3.7 5.9 7.3 3.1 4.3 2.7 7.9 4.4 4.9 4.9 3.5 5.2 2.8 9 5 7.8 5.9 6 3.9 6.3 6.8 0 5.9 9.5 8 4.7 4.4 6.2 5.8 4.5 3.5 6.8 6.9 4.9 4.5 6 2 3.9 4.1 5.4 8 8.6 7.1 6.6 6 6.6 5.4 5 5.5 7.2 6.5 6.6 5.7 4.5 6 6.6 6.4 5.9 7.1 8.1 5.7 4.4 3 4.5 9.1 6.1 6.4 5.4 7.8 6 2.9 6 2.7 5 3.8 3.8 6.1 5 3.3 0.8 3.4 5.7 3.7 4.9 5.4 Mag Sep -30 15 +80.0 +21 36 -08.2 +02 30 -50.1 +26 06 +36.7 -36.8 +36.1 -29.8 -15 05 -61.5 +58 48 -20.5 -46.0 +00 12 -25.4 -16.9 -45.9 +37.0 -38 44 +52 18 -08.2 +23 36 +17.0 +38 47 +08.8 +37.0 +59.6 +39 40 +37 36 +05 30 -00 58 -05 42 +33 24 -07.9 +10 59 +59 22 +36.9 +33 58 -26.3 +43.9 +04 11 +32.9 +26.1 +14.4 +12 53 -37 03 -19 14 -05 41 -04 02 -37 00 +08 14 +07 09 +34 35 +49 51 +15.1 +73.4 -33.5 +19 37 -15.9 +76 34 +42 47 +27.3 -54.3 +24.7 +28.0 +07.4 -16.4 +50.2 +16 34 -16.3 +32.6 +50 32 +45 08 +35 01 +10.6 +33 44 +18.5 +70 16 +11.8 +19 09 +32 55 +08 52 +01.0 -08 14 +06.4 +52 26 -29.2 Dec 17 59.1 18 00.0 18 01.5 18 03.1 18 05.5 18 06.6 18 07.8 18 14.9 18 17.6 18 19.9 18 21.0 18 22.2 18 23.2 18 24.0 18 25.3 18 27.0 18 27.2 18 28.0 18 30.4 18 31.8 18 32.3 18 33.4 18 33.9 18 35.2 18 35.5 18 35.9 18 36.9 18 38.3 18 42.8 18 43.0 18 44.3 18 44.8 18 45.5 18 46.5 18 47.5 18 50.0 18 50.3 18 50.8 18 51.2 18 54.5 18 54.9 18 55.3 18 55.3 18 57.0 18 57.1 18 58.6 19 00.0 19 01.1 19 03.1 19 04.4 19 05.0 19 06.4 19 06.4 19 06.4 19 09.1 19 12.1 19 15.3 19 15.5 19 16.5 19 18.8 19 19.2 19 21.6 19 25.5 19 26.6 19 27.8 19 28.7 19 30.7 19 34.1 19 34.3 19 36.8 19 39.4 19 40.7 19 40.9 19 41.8 19 45.0 19 45.9 19 46.3 19 46.4 19 47.4 19 48.2 19 48.7 19 49.0 19 50.6 19 50.8 19 52.5 19 54.6 19 55.3 19 55.6 19 55.9 18 56.3

40-41 ADS 11005 70 100 1 Delta Gale 2 39 ADS 11325 Lambda Kappa ADS 11483 Alpha Epsilon 5 V ADS 11726 Omicron ADS 11825 Sigma R Theta” “63, ADS 11869 RV RV 60 V RV V ADS 12447 6 Beta 38 ADS 12767 “18, Delta” V 137 H Gamma 17 7 Pi V Alpha 55 Beta O ther ra 359 358 525 178 532 2038 2276 2280 2306 2323 2348 2398 2375 2379 2404 2420 2417 2422 2426 2449 2474 2486 2525 2579 2580 2583 222 h5003 ∑ 95 Tau ∑ Theta ∑ W Eta Kappa Kaus Media ∑ Xi ∑ 21 Alpha 59 Kaus Borealis SS Delta T ∆ ∑ Alpha Vega X HK ∑ Double-Double Zeta ∑ ∑ R Beta S ∑ ∑ Delta2 Nunki 13 ∑ ADS11871 ∑ UV ∑ BrsO14 h5082 V 15 Gamma R ∑ ∑ ∑ Tau RY U V1942 UX RR ∑ h5114 Alpha Albireo Mu AQ R HN84 54 TT 16 ∑ Tarazed ∑ Delta Epsilon ∑ Zeta Chi Altair Eta 57 Psi RR ST627 ST628 ST629 ST630 ST631 ST632 ST633 ST634 ST635 ST636 ST637 ST638 ST639 ST640 ST641 ST642 ST643 ST644 ST645 ST646 ST647 ST648 ST649 ST650 ST651 O ∑ ST652 O ∑ ST653 ST654 ST655 ST656 ST657 ST658 ST659 ST660 ST661 ST662 ST663 ST664 ST665 ST666 ST667 O ∑ ST668 ST669 ST670 ST671 ST672 ST673 ST674 ST675 ST676 ST677 ST678 ST679 ST680 ST681 ST682 ST683 ST684 O ∑ ST685 ST686 ST687 ST688 ST689 ST690 ST691 ST692 ST693 ST694 ST695 ST696 ST697 ST698 ST699 ST700 ST701 ST702 ST703 O ∑∑ 191 ST704 ST705 ST706 ST707 ST708 ST709 ST710 ST711 ST712 ST713 ST714 O ∑ ST715 ST716 N umber n ame

33 variable star variable star star variable star colored double star variable star variable star magnitude contrast double triple star star variable planetary irregular nebula star equal magnitude double star variable star double star star variable star star variable star variable quadruple star star double star variable star double star star star magnitude contrast double star double star magnitude contrast double star variable star star double star double star challenge double star red variable star double star challenge double star triple star challenge star challenge double star equal magnitude double star double star double star challenge double star star double stellar planetary nebula star variable star double star challenge double star magnitude contrast double star double star variable star variable star magnitude contrast double star red variable triple star star variable star variable star variable star red variable star magnitude contrast double star double star variable star double star double star variable star equal magnitude double star double star equal magnitude double star double star double star star star double star star double star colored double star star star colored double star double star variable star equal magnitude double star double star double star challenge double star colored double star star red variable star challenge double quadruple star triple star 22 21 22 5 22 22 9 6 22 35 3 22 2 21 22 21 22 22 7 2 22 2 21 21 9 2 9 22 21 2 2 4 1 2 4 21 8 4 3 2 2 4 21 2 39 22 2 4 9 2 22 22 9 1 6 22 22 22 1 9 2 22 2 2 22 3 2 3 2 2 21 21 2 21 2 5 21 21 5 2 22 3 2 2 4 5 21 1 4 7 6 Code Sgr Sge Sge Cyg Sge Sge Cep Sge Cyg Sge Aql Cyg Cyg Cyg Cap Cap Sgr Cyg Cap Cyg Cyg Cap Cyg Pav Cap Cap Cyg Cyg Cyg Cyg Del Cyg Aqr Cap Aqr Cap Equ Cep Equ Mic Equ Aqr Cyg Cyg Cap Cep Equ Cep Equ Ind Aqr Pav Cep Cep Cep Cyg Cyg Cyg Cep Peg Oct Peg Cep Peg Peg Cep Psa Aqr Cep Cep Gru Gru Cep Cep Lac Aqr Lac Tuc Lac Gru Gru Aqr Tuc Cep Aqr Cep Lac Gru Peg Lac Lac Con

* * * 29" * * 7" 12" * * 3" * 5" * * 44" * Stellar 7" 4" * 3’ * * 3" 19" 3" * * 6" 10" 0.9" * 16" 0.8" * 1" 1.5" 3" 57" 3" 3" * 29" * * 6’ 1.0" 48" 6" * * 13" Stellar 12" * Stellar * Stellar 83" 3" * 18" 22" * 14" 1.9" 4" 8" 11.1" * Stellar 15" * 28" 5" * 5’ 16" 2.7" * 3" 7" 3" 2" 20" 5’ 15’ 1" 43" 22" 6 3.5 8.5 7.6 7 7 4.4 6.4 8.5 9.5 6.8 6.5 7.1 3.8 8.9 4.2 6 3 3.8 6 5.9 3.4 4.4 1.9 5.3 6.1 5.5 7.7 1.3 4.2 4.3 4.9 4.4 6.7 6.4 4.1 5.2 6.1 7.4 6 7.4 5.9 3.7 5.2 4.5 5.2 4.7 5.6 4.6 4.5 8 8.6 3.3 7.4 5.6 5.6 8.2 7.1 3.4 2.5 5.4 6 5.5 6.4 8 7.1 5.8 7.2 4.3 6.7 4.5 1.7 5.7 3.4 4.5 5.3 4.1 2.9 6.1 5.8 6 6.4 4.5 9.8 4.3 3.8 4.4 4.1 5.8 5.8 6.5 Mag Sep -41.9 +19.5 +21.1 +38 19 +20.7 +17.7 +77 43 +20 55 +36.0 +20.3 +00 52 +38.7 +53 07 +46.7 -21.3 -12.5 -39.1 +38 02 -12 32 +55 23 +47.9 -14.8 +32.2 -56.7 -18 13 -18 35 +32 18 +48.2 +45 17 +30.7 +16 07 +36.5 -05.0 -18 11 -05.6 -26.9 +04 18 +56.7 +07 11 -43.0 +07.2 -05 49 +43.9 +38 39 -25.0 +68.5 +10.1 +60.0 +10 00 -53.5 -10.8 -69.7 +70 33 +78 37 +57 29 +35.5 +43 35 +38.0 +58 47 +09 52 -82.7 +12.6 +55 47 +19.7 +22.9 +82 51 -28 27 -16 58 +64 38 +59.8 -39.5 -46 58 +70 07 +58.2 +39.7 -21 04 +37.7 -60.3 +37 46 -45.9 -48.4 -16 45 -65.0 +57.7 -00 01 +58 25 +47.7 -43.7 +04.4 +39 46 +39 38 Dec 19 58.7 19 58.8 20 02.4 20 03.6 20 05.1 20 07.6 20 08.9 20 09.9 20 10.4 20 11.9 20 12.6 20 13.4 20 13.6 20 13.6 20 17.1 20 17.6 20 17.7 20 17.8 20 18.0 20 18.4 20 19.6 20 21.0 20 23.9 20 25.6 20 27.3 20 29.9 20 41.0 20 41.3 20 41.4 20 45.7 20 46.7 20 47.4 20 47.7 20 48.4 20 51.4 20 51.8 20 59.1 21 02.1 21 02.2 21 02.2 21 02.2 21 04.1 21 04.9 21 06.9 21 07.1 21 09.5 21 10.3 21 11.8 21 14.5 21 19.9 21 20.3 21 24.3 21 28.7 21 35.2 21 39.0 21 42.0 21 42.7 21 43.3 21 43.5 21 44.2 21 50.9 21 51.0 21 52.0 21 54.3 21 56.4 21 58.4 22 00.8 22 02.5 22 03.8 22 03.9 22 06.1 22 08.2 22 10.7 22 10.9 22 13.9 22 14.3 22 16.0 22 18.5 22 18.9 22 23.1 22 26.1 22 26.6 22 27.3 22 28.1 22 28.8 22 29.2 22 29.5 22 29.8 22 30.0 22 32.5 22 35.9

12 Kappa Theta V 695” “ADS 13554, Beta 39 Alpha SHJ 324 49 Alpha 52 ADS 14296 ADS 14360 18 1 ADS 14575 2 ADS 14556 62 61 ADS 14632 ADS 14749 h5258 RV Mu h5278 ADS 15431 ß 276 S 802 “17, Xi” ADS 15601 Alpha ADS 15758 h5334 ADS 15972 37 O ther ra 461 2675 2637 2644 2658 2671 2716 2726 2751 2742 2758 2780 2816 2840 2841 2873 2863 2883 2894 2912 RU Gamma BF h1470 X WZ ∑ ∑ RY FG ∑ RS ∑ Omicron1 RT Alpha RT P Alpha ∑ U Dabih 39 Peacock pi Omicron ∑ V Deneb ∑ Gamma Lambda 3 S763 4 Omega Epsilon ∑ ∑ Dunlop236 Lambda 12 Xi ∑ 24 T Gamma ∑ Delta Theta RY Y Beta S ∑ V460 SS RV Garnet Star Herschel’s Epsilon Lambda AG ∑ ∑ RX ∑ Eta 29 ∑ Lambda Al Nair ∑ Zeta h1746 41 1 Alpha ∑ Pi S 53 Delta Kruger60 Zeta Delta 5 Delta2 ∑ Roe47 8 ST717 ST718 ST719 ST720 ST721 ST722 ST723 ST724 ST725 ST726 ST727 ST728 ST729 ST730 ST731 ST732 ST733 ST734 ST735 ST736 ST737 ST738 ST739 ST740 ST741 ST742 ST743 ST744 ST745 ST746 ST747 ST748 ST749 ST750 ST751 ST752 ST753 ST754 ST755 ST756 ST757 ST758 ST759 ST760 ST761 ST762 ST763 ST764 ST765 ST766 ST767 ST768 ST769 ST770 ST771 ST772 ST773 ST774 ST775 ST776 ST777 ST778 ST779 ST780 ST781 ST782 ST783 ST784 ST785 ST786 O ∑ ST787 ST788 ST789 ST790 ST791 ST792 ST793 ST794 ST795 ST796 ST797 ST798 ST799 ST800 ST801 ST802 ST803 ST804 ST805 ST806 ST807 N umber n ame

34 star star star double star double star star double quadruple star star star star challenge double star star double star double star challenge double star red variable star double star colored double star double star star variable star star double star variable star equal magnitude double star red variable star equal magnitude double star double star variable star colored double star challenge double 21 21 2 2 21 2 7 21 21 4 21 2 2 4 1 2 5 2 21 22 21 2 22 3 1 3 2 22 5 4 Code Lac Gru Aqr Cep Aqr Cep Lac Aqr PsA Peg Peg Gru Peg Cep Aqr Aqr Aqr Gru Aqr And Cep Phe Aqr Aqr Psc And Scl Cas Cas And Con

* * 23" 4.3" 40’ 1.7" 82" * * 0.7" * 9" 8" 1.2" * 1.5" 13" 27" * Stellar * 4" Stellar 7" Stellar 5" 7" Stellar 3" 1.5" 4.5 2.1 5.7 7 4 6.1 7.1 3.7 1.2 6.1 2.4 6.1 6.3 4.6 4.2 5 5.1 6.5 4.4 8 3.2 6.6 5.8 5.3 6.9 7.8 6.9 4.7 4.9 6.6 Mag Sep +44.3 -46.9 -14.1 +68.6 -13.6 +61.7 +41 19 -07.6 -29 37 +11.7 +28.1 -50.7 +32 49 +75.4 -06.0 -09.6 -13 28 -53.8 -20.6 +48 49 +77.6 -46.6 -15 17 -18 41 +03 29 +37 53 -27 03 +51 24 +55 45 +33 43 Dec 22 40.5 22 42.7 22 47.7 22 49.0 22 49.6 22 51.4 22 51.8 22 52.6 22 57.6 22 59.2 23 03.8 23 07.2 23 07.5 23 07.9 23 14.3 23 19.0 23 19.1 23 23.9 23 26.0 23 33.7 23 39.3 23 39.5 23 43.8 23 46.0 23 46.4 23 51.8 23 54.4 23 58.4 23 59.0 23 59.5 69 ADS 16291 71 ADS 16317 73 Alpha ADS 16428 Beta ADS 16538 90 Gamma Dunlop 251 19 O ther ra 2947 2950 2978 3042 3050 11 Beta Tau1 ∑ Tau2 ∑ h1823 Lambda Fomalhaut 52 Scheat Dunlop246 ∑ Pi Phi Psi3 94 Dunlop249 99 Z Errai Theta R 107 TX ∑ Lal192 R Sigma ∑ ST808 ST809 ST810 ST811 ST812 ST813 ST814 ST815 ST816 ST817 ST818 ST819 ST820 ST821 ST822 ST823 ST824 ST825 ST826 ST827 ST828 ST829 ST830 ST831 ST832 ST833 ST834 ST835 ST836 ST837 N umber n ame

35 One-Year Limited Warranty

This Orion SkyView Pro IntelliScope Upgrade Kit is warranted against defects in materials or workman- ship for a period of one year from the date of purchase. This warranty is for the benefit of the original retail purchaser only. During this warranty period Orion Telescopes & Binoculars will repair or replace, at Orion’s option, any warranted instrument that proves to be defective, provided it is returned postage paid to: Orion Warranty Repair, 89 Hangar Way, Watsonville, CA 95076. If the product is not registered, proof of purchase (such as a copy of the original invoice) is required. This warranty does not apply if, in Orion’s judgment, the instrument has been abused, mishandled, or modified, nor does it apply to normal wear and tear. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights, which vary from state to state. For further warranty service information, contact: Customer Service Department, Orion Telescopes & Binoculars, P. O. Box 1815, Santa Cruz, CA 95061; (800) 676-1343.

Orion Telescopes & Binoculars Post Office Box 1815, Santa Cruz, CA 95061 Customer Support Help Line (800) 676-1343 • Day or Evening