Från ”Hög Och Fin” Till ”Se Upp På Gerrard” - En Kvalitativ Textanalys Med Fokus På Förändring I TV- Fotbollsgenren
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Från ”hög och fin” till ”se upp på Gerrard” - En kvalitativ textanalys med fokus på förändring i TV- fotbollsgenren Författare: Johan Bagewitz & Björn Lundblad Handledare: Dino Viscovi Examinator: Göran Palm Växjö universitet C-uppsats, 15hp Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap Programmet för Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap 0 Abstract Our intent with this study was to find out what changes have been made during the last 30 years in the way that the media reports from certain events. We choose to study the world of football and specially the Swedish national team and it’s relationship to the Swedish television medium in the World Cup of 1974 and the World Cup of 2006. The study mainly focuses on the differences in commentary and in the production from both of the championships. We used Keith Selby and Ron Cowdery’s book How to study television and Mats Ekström and Lars-Åke Larsson’s book Metoder i kommunikationsvetenskap as tools to analyze the games we watched. The result showed that there’s been a lot of changes media wise between the two championships. Most of the changes have been made because of the evolvement of the media industry and also because the viewers are getting better knowledge of the subject and thereby demand that the media keeps up with their pace. The main differences in commentary and production regarding both championships can be found in the picture production. By adding more cameras, developing the picture quality and adding better sound the overall experience of a football game have increased. From 1974 when a game was just distributed from the arena to the viewers home to 2006 when the game is a complete experience. Title: “From ‘high and good’ to ‘watch out for Gerrard’” A qualitative study of genre change Year: 2009 Authors: Johan Bagewitz and Björn Lundblad Number of pages: 70 University: Växjö universitet Keywords: Media and Communication, Television production, Football 1 Abstract.....................................................................................................................................................0 1. Inledning ..............................................................................................................................................4 2. Syfte.......................................................................................................................................................5 2.2 Mål och frågeställning ............................................................................................................................5 3. Teori......................................................................................................................................................6 3.2 Medieteori..................................................................................................................................................6 3.2.1 Idrott och Journalistik....................................................................................................................6 3.2.2 Medieidrott och samhället.............................................................................................................7 3.2.3 Idrott i Televisionen .......................................................................................................................9 3.2.4 Nordisk medieidrottsforskning ...................................................................................................9 3.2.5 Svensk fotboll kommersialiseras ..............................................................................................10 3.2.6 Semiotisk bildanalys.....................................................................................................................11 3.2.7 Genre...............................................................................................................................................13 3.2.8 Kommentatorsdiskurs.................................................................................................................14 3.2.9 Översikt ..........................................................................................................................................15 4. Metod................................................................................................................................................. 17 4.1 Kritisk diskursanalys............................................................................................................................17 4.2 Operationalisering; kritisk diskursanalys ........................................................................................19 4.3 Urval.........................................................................................................................................................19 4.4 Metodproblem.......................................................................................................................................21 4.5 Hermeneutik ..........................................................................................................................................22 5. Bakgrund........................................................................................................................................... 24 5.1 Bakgrund VM 1974..............................................................................................................................24 5.2 Bakgrund VM 2006..............................................................................................................................27 6. Resultat & analys............................................................................................................................. 30 6.1 Kommentatorerna och spelet............................................................................................................30 6.2 Kommentatorsdiskursen ....................................................................................................................30 2 6.3 Kritisk diskursanalys............................................................................................................................32 6.3.1 Frisparkar........................................................................................................................................32 6.3.2 Hörnor ............................................................................................................................................34 6.3.3 Målchanser .....................................................................................................................................36 6.3.4 Mål....................................................................................................................................................37 6.3.5 Sammanfattning av matchen.....................................................................................................39 6.3.6 Avslutande analys.........................................................................................................................40 6.4 Bildproduktion VM 1974 ...................................................................................................................43 6.4.1 Matchbeskrivning Holland-Sverige .........................................................................................43 6.5 Bildproduktion VM 2006 ...................................................................................................................46 6.5.1 Matchbeskrivning Sverige-Paraguay........................................................................................46 6.6 Analys av bildproduktion ...................................................................................................................50 6.7 Slutanalys ................................................................................................................................................52 7. Slutdiskussion .................................................................................................................................. 55 7.1 Sammanfattning....................................................................................................................................57 8. Källföreteckning.............................................................................................................................. 60 9. Bilagor................................................................................................................................................ 64 9.1 Kommentatorsspår ..............................................................................................................................64 3 1. Inledning Fotboll är en av världens populäraste idrotter och har utövare över hela jordklotet. Till största del så kan fotbollen tacka världsmedierna för sin popularitet. Utan dem så hade idrotten inte blivit lika populär och uppnått samma nivå som den har idag. På ämnet fotboll och media så har det inte gjorts några nämnvärda studier i Sverige under de senaste åren och därför så valde vi att utforska detta område. I vår studie så har vi valt att fokusera oss på skillnaderna i mediernas rapportering, speciellt TV- medierna, från VM i fotboll. Vi har tittat närmare på hur olika matcher rapporterades direkt i TV hem till de Svenska tittarna. De mästerskapen som vi valt att jämföra är VM 1974 och VM 2006. Vi valde dessa två mästerskap för att de har ett antal saker gemensamt. Förväntningarna inför de bägge mästerskapen var liknande, varken 1974 eller 2006 så hade medierna eller Svenska folket någon