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“The Risk of Statelessness Arising Among Minors Born Within Syrian Female-Headed Refugee Households”

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“The Risk of Statelessness Arising Among Minors Born Within Syrian Female-Headed Refugee Households” Leiden Law School LL.M (reg.) in Public International Law Academic Year 2016-2017 Master’s Thesis “The risk of statelessness arising among minors born within Syrian female-headed refugee households” Student: Evgenia Faraza Student number: 1861778 Supervisor: Prof.dr.mr. P.R. Rodrigues Word Count: 15805 Leiden, 2017 ABSTRACT This Master’s Thesis discusses the risk of statelessness arising among minors born within Syrian refugee female-headed households in host countries and tries to provide an answer on how international law can be improved in order to address statelessness issues and provide maximum protection against this phenomenon to the minors born in exile to Syrian women. It begins in Chapter 1 by referring to the right to a nationality, explaining what is statelessness, presenting the exact problem and the research questions that will be answered. It continues in Chapter 2 by assessing the current relevant international legal framework and the work of UNHCR and, later on, in Chapter 3 it focuses on the analysis of the nationality law in Syria and the current situation, the domestic and regional legal framework and problems arising in major refugee hosting countries (Turkey, Lebanon, EU Member States), concerning nationality and statelessness matters. After this analysis, it continues with Chapter 4 where it presents possible approaches to the topic by recommending what more can be done through international law to better prevent statelessness and to protect stateless refugee minors in case the host countries and Syria fail to prevent such cases from arising. 1 Table of Contents Abbreviations.................................................................................................................................4 Chapter 1........................................................................................................................................5 1.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................5 1.2 Right to a Nationality ................................................................................................................5 1.3 Statelessness ..............................................................................................................................6 1.4 The problem and topic ..............................................................................................................8 1.5 Research goal...........................................................................................................................11 1.6 Central research question and sub-questions...........................................................................12 1.7 Relevance.................................................................................................................................13 1.8 Methods of research.................................................................................................................13 1.9 Limitations to the topic............................................................................................................14 Chapter 2 (Current relevant international legal framework).................................................15 2.1 Statelessness Conventions ......................................................................................................15 2.1.1. The 1954 Convention, relation with 1951 Refugee Convention and observations..............16 2.1.2 The 1961 Convention and observations.................................................................................18 2.2 Other International Human Rights Law instruments................................................................20 2.2.1 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights............................................................20 2.2.2 Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women...................20 2.2.3 Convention on the Rights of the Child....................................................................................21 2.3 The work of UNHCR................................................................................................................21 2.3.1 UNHCR’s mandate................................................................................................................21 2.3.2 Guidelines on statelessness and relevant initiatives.............................................................22 2.4 Concluding remarks.................................................................................................................23 Chapter 3 (Case Studies) .............................................................................................................25 3.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................25 3.2 Turkey .....................................................................................................................................26 2 3.2.1 Facts......................................................................................................................................26 3.2.2 Domestic and regional legal framework................................................................................26 3.2.3 Problems Arising...................................................................................................................27 3.3 Lebanon ...................................................................................................................................28 3.3.1 Facts......................................................................................................................................28 3.3.2 Domestic and regional legal framework................................................................................28 3.3.3 Problems Arising...................................................................................................................29 3.4 EU Member States ...................................................................................................................29 3.4.1 Facts......................................................................................................................................29 3.4.2 Domestic and regional legal framework................................................................................30 3.4.3 Problems Arising...................................................................................................................30 3.5 Syria.........................................................................................................................................31 3.6 Concluding remarks.................................................................................................................33 Chapter 4 (Possible approaches to the topic) .............................................................................35 4.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................35 4.2 Prevention of statelessness among refugee minors...................................................................36 4.2.1 Host countries........................................................................................................................36 4.2.1.1 The 1961 Convention and the way forward…….................................................................36 4.2.1.2 Human Rights Supervisory Bodies and the UNHCR...........................................................38 4.2.2 Syria and nationality law.......................................................................................................40 4.3 Protection of stateless refugee minors ......................................................................................41 4.3.1 Host countries........................................................................................................................42 4.3.2 Return to Syria.......................................................................................................................43 4.4 Concluding remarks.................................................................................................................44 Chapter 5 (Conclusions) ..............................................................................................................45 Bibliography.................................................................................................................................47 3 Abbreviations 1. ACHR = Arab Charter on Human Rights 2. ComEDAW = Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 3. ComRC = Committee on the Rights of the Child 4. CEDAW = Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 5. CERD = Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination 6. CJEU = Court of Justice of the European Union 7. CoE = Council of Europe 8. CRC = United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 9. CRCI = Covenant on the Rights of the Child in Islam 10. ECHR = European Convention on Human Rights 11. ECtHR = European Court of Human Rights 12. ECN = European Convention on Nationality 13. EU = European Union 14. EUDO = European Union Observatory on Democracy 15. HRC = Human Rights Committee 16. ICCPR = United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 17. ISI = Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion 18. MENA= Middle East-North Africa 19. MS = Member States
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