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Folk Taxonomy, Nomenclature, Medicinal and Other Uses, Folklore, and Nature Conservation Viktor Ulicsni1* , Ingvar Svanberg2 and Zsolt Molnár3
Ulicsni et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2016) 12:47 DOI 10.1186/s13002-016-0118-7 RESEARCH Open Access Folk knowledge of invertebrates in Central Europe - folk taxonomy, nomenclature, medicinal and other uses, folklore, and nature conservation Viktor Ulicsni1* , Ingvar Svanberg2 and Zsolt Molnár3 Abstract Background: There is scarce information about European folk knowledge of wild invertebrate fauna. We have documented such folk knowledge in three regions, in Romania, Slovakia and Croatia. We provide a list of folk taxa, and discuss folk biological classification and nomenclature, salient features, uses, related proverbs and sayings, and conservation. Methods: We collected data among Hungarian-speaking people practising small-scale, traditional agriculture. We studied “all” invertebrate species (species groups) potentially occurring in the vicinity of the settlements. We used photos, held semi-structured interviews, and conducted picture sorting. Results: We documented 208 invertebrate folk taxa. Many species were known which have, to our knowledge, no economic significance. 36 % of the species were known to at least half of the informants. Knowledge reliability was high, although informants were sometimes prone to exaggeration. 93 % of folk taxa had their own individual names, and 90 % of the taxa were embedded in the folk taxonomy. Twenty four species were of direct use to humans (4 medicinal, 5 consumed, 11 as bait, 2 as playthings). Completely new was the discovery that the honey stomachs of black-coloured carpenter bees (Xylocopa violacea, X. valga)were consumed. 30 taxa were associated with a proverb or used for weather forecasting, or predicting harvests. Conscious ideas about conserving invertebrates only occurred with a few taxa, but informants would generally refrain from harming firebugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus), field crickets (Gryllus campestris) and most butterflies. -
Reconstruction and Functional Annotation of Ascosphaera Apis Full
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/770040; this version posted September 16, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Reconstruction and functional annotation of 2 Ascosphaera apis full-length transcriptome via PacBio 3 single-molecule long-read sequencing 4 Dafu Chen 1,†, Yu Du 1,†, Xiaoxue Fan 1, Zhiwei Zhu 1, Haibin Jiang 1, Jie Wang 1, 5 Yuanchan Fan 1, Huazhi Chen 1, Dingding Zhou 1, Cuiling Xiong 1, Yanzhen Zheng 1, 6 Xijian Xu 2, Qun Luo 2, Rui Guo 1,* 7 1 College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 8 350002, China 9 2 Jiangxi Province Institute of Apiculture, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330201, China 10 † These authors contributed equally to this work. 11 * Correspondence author: 12 E-mail address: [email protected]; 13 Tel: +86-0591-87640197; Fax: +86-0591-87640197 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/770040; this version posted September 16, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 27 Abstract: 28 Ascosphaera apis is a widespread fungal pathogen of honeybee larvae that results 29 in chalkbrood disease, leading to heavy losses for the beekeeping industry in China and 30 many other countries. -
Prevalence of Bee Lice Braula Coeca (Diptera: Braulidae) and Other Perceived Constraints to Honey Bee Production in Wukro Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia
Global Veterinaria 8 (6): 631-635, 2012 ISSN 1992-6197 © IDOSI Publications, 2012 Prevalence of Bee Lice Braula coeca (Diptera: Braulidae) and Other Perceived Constraints to Honey Bee Production in Wukro Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia 12Adeday Gidey, Shiferaw Mulugeta and 2Abebe Fromsa 1Tigray Region, Bureau of Agriculture, Ethiopia 2College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2008 to March 2009 in Wukro Woreda to determine the prevalence of bee lice and other constraints to honey bee production in the area. The result revealed an overall Braula coeca (bee louse) prevalence of 4% in the brood and 5.5% in the adult honey bees, respectively. The prevalence of louse infestation recorded in brood and adult bee of the three peasant associations of Wukro Woreda were, 3.3%, 5% in Genfel, 4.9%, 6% in Adikisandid and 3%, 5%, Aynalem, respectively. There was no statistically significant variation in overall prevalence rates of lice infestation between brood and adult bees and locations (P> 0.05). Factors perceived as major constraints to honeybee production by 51 interviewed farmers were frequent occurrence of drought, lack of bee forage, existence of pests and predators and pesticide poisoning in decreasing order of importance. The beekeepers also listed pests and predators that they considered important to be honey badgers, ant like insects, wax moth, birds, spiders, monkeys, snakes and lizards. According to the response of beekeepers, honey badger attack was a serious problem in the Woreda. This study revealed the presence of real threat to beekeeping and honey production from louse infestation, predators, chemical pollution and drought. -
F. Christian Thompson Neal L. Evenhuis and Curtis W. Sabrosky Bibliography of the Family-Group Names of Diptera
F. Christian Thompson Neal L. Evenhuis and Curtis W. Sabrosky Bibliography of the Family-Group Names of Diptera Bibliography Thompson, F. C, Evenhuis, N. L. & Sabrosky, C. W. The following bibliography gives full references to 2,982 works cited in the catalog as well as additional ones cited within the bibliography. A concerted effort was made to examine as many of the cited references as possible in order to ensure accurate citation of authorship, date, title, and pagination. References are listed alphabetically by author and chronologically for multiple articles with the same authorship. In cases where more than one article was published by an author(s) in a particular year, a suffix letter follows the year (letters are listed alphabetically according to publication chronology). Authors' names: Names of authors are cited in the bibliography the same as they are in the text for proper association of literature citations with entries in the catalog. Because of the differing treatments of names, especially those containing articles such as "de," "del," "van," "Le," etc., these names are cross-indexed in the bibliography under the various ways in which they may be treated elsewhere. For Russian and other names in Cyrillic and other non-Latin character sets, we follow the spelling used by the authors themselves. Dates of publication: Dating of these works was obtained through various methods in order to obtain as accurate a date of publication as possible for purposes of priority in nomenclature. Dates found in the original works or by outside evidence are placed in brackets after the literature citation. -
Honeybee Health in Africa – a Review
Honeybee health in Africa – a review Christian, W.W. Pirk, Ursula Strauss, Abdullahi, A. Yusuf, Fabien Démares and Hannelie Human* Social Insects Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa *Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pathogens and parasites and the negative effects thereof on honeybee populations remain an issue of public concern and the subject of active research. Africa with its high genetic diversity of honeybee sub-species and the large wild population is also exposed to the various factors responsible for colony losses in other parts of the world. Apart from the current American foulbrood epidemic in the Western Cape of South Africa, no large scale colony losses have been reported elsewhere on the continent. We discuss the presence of pathogens, parasites, pests and predators of African honeybees as well as the threats they face in relation to habitat changes arising from the impact of increased human populations. In addition, we discuss current efforts aimed at protecting and promoting the health of African honeybees. Keywords: honeybees/ Africa/ honeybee health/ pathogens/ parasites/ pests/ predators/ habitat loss 1 1. INTRODUCTION The crucial service and economic value of the majority of Apis and non-Apis pollinators have been reviewed and debated extensively (Aebi et al. 2012; Ollerton et al. 2012; Vanbergen et al. 2013). Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.), both wild and managed, are responsible for the pollination of numerous crops and plants, contributing not only to food security but also the economy (Klein et al. -
Landscape Composition and Fungicide Exposure Influence Host
Environmental Entomology, XX(XX), 2020, 1–10 doi: 10.1093/ee/nvaa138 Insect-Microbial Interaction Research Landscape Composition and Fungicide Exposure Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ee/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ee/nvaa138/6008150 by Cornell University Library user on 05 December 2020 Influence Host–Pathogen Dynamics in a Solitary Bee Erin Krichilsky,1,4 Mary Centrella,2 Brian Eitzer,3 Bryan Danforth,1 Katja Poveda,1 and Heather Grab1, 1Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 2130 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, 14853, NY, 2Pesticide Management Education Program, Cornell University, 525 Tower Road, Ithaca 14853, NY, 3The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Johnson-Horsfall Laboratory, 123 Huntington Street, P.O. Box 1106, New Haven 06504-1106, CT, and 4Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman Received 25 May 2020; Editorial decision 13 October 2020 Abstract Both ecosystem function and agricultural productivity depend on services provided by bees; these services are at risk from bee declines which have been linked to land use change, pesticide exposure, and pathogens. Although these stressors often co-occur in agroecosystems, a majority of pollinator health studies have focused on these factors in isolation, therefore limiting our ability to make informed policy and management decisions. Here, we investigate the combined impact of altered landscape composition and fungicide exposure on the prevalence of chalkbrood disease, caused by fungi in the genus Ascosphaera Olive and Spiltoir 1955 (Ascosphaeraceae: Onygenales), in the introduced solitary bee, Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski 1887) (Megachilidae: Hymenoptera). We used both field studies and laboratory assays to evaluate the potential for interactions between altered landscape composition, fungicide exposure, and Ascosphaera on O. -
Control of Chalkbrood Disease with Natural Products
Control of chalkbrood disease with natural products A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Dr Craig Davis and Wendy Ward December 2003 RIRDC Publication No 03/107 RIRDC Project No DAQ-269A © 2003 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 0 642 58672 X ISSN 1440-6845 The control of chalkbrood disease with natural products Publication No. 03/107 Project No. DAQ-269A The views expressed and the conclusions reached in this publication are those of the author and not necessarily those of persons consulted. RIRDC shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever to any person who relies in whole or in part on the contents of this report. This publication is copyright. However, RIRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research, providing the Corporation is clearly acknowledged. For any other enquiries concerning reproduction, contact the Publications Manager on phone (02) 6272 3186. Researcher Contact Details: Dr Craig Davis Wendy Ward Centre for Food Technology Animal Research Institute 19 Hercules Street, Hamilton 4007 665 Fairfield Road, Yeerongpilly 4105 Phone: (07) 3406 8611 Phone: (07) 3362 9446 Fax: (07) 3406 8677 Fax: (07) 3362 9440 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 1, AMA House 42 Macquarie Street BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6272 4819 Fax: 02 6272 5877 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in December 2003 Printed on environmentally friendly paper by Canprint ii Foreword Chalkbrood of honeybees (Apis mellifera) is caused by the fungus Ascosphaera apis. -
The Biology and External Morphology of Bees
3?00( The Biology and External Morphology of Bees With a Synopsis of the Genera of Northwestern America Agricultural Experiment Station v" Oregon State University V Corvallis Northwestern America as interpreted for laxonomic synopses. AUTHORS: W. P. Stephen is a professor of entomology at Oregon State University, Corval- lis; and G. E. Bohart and P. F. Torchio are United States Department of Agriculture entomolo- gists stationed at Utah State University, Logan. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: The research on which this bulletin is based was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grants Nos. 3835 and 3657. Since this publication is largely a review and synthesis of published information, the authors are indebted primarily to a host of sci- entists who have recorded their observations of bees. In most cases, they are credited with specific observations and interpretations. However, information deemed to be common knowledge is pre- sented without reference as to source. For a number of items of unpublished information, the generosity of several co-workers is ac- knowledged. They include Jerome G. Rozen, Jr., Charles Osgood, Glenn Hackwell, Elbert Jay- cox, Siavosh Tirgari, and Gordon Hobbs. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Leland Chandler and Dr. Jerome G. Rozen, Jr., for reviewing the manuscript and for many helpful suggestions. Most of the drawings were prepared by Mrs. Thelwyn Koontz. The sources of many of the fig- ures are given at the end of the Literature Cited section on page 130. The cover drawing is by Virginia Taylor. The Biology and External Morphology of Bees ^ Published by the Agricultural Experiment Station and printed by the Department of Printing, Ore- gon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 1969. -
Practice Oriented Results on Use of Plant Extracts and Pheromones in Integrated and Biological Pest Control
Egyptian International Centre for Agriculture Practice Oriented Results on Use of Plant Extracts and Pheromones in Integrated and Biological Pest Control Held under the auspices of: Prof. Dr. Y. A. Wally Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Agriculture & Land Reclamation of Egypt and Prof. Dr. Mohamed Amer, President of the Zagazig University, Egypt Organized by: University of Zagazig - Egypt ADCO - Egypt Trifolio-M GmbH - Germany 10th Workshop Dokki – Giza, Egypt, Feb. 10-11, 2001 INTRODUCTION 8 BIOPESTICIDES - PRESENT SITUATION AND FUTURE POTENTIAL 11 Christine Kliche-Spory PLANT EXTRACTS AND UTILIZATION OF THEIR PRODUCTS FOR SAFE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND FOR REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. 16 I. M. Kelany POTENTIAL OF PHYTOCHEMICALS FOR THE PREVENTION, DETECTION AND CONTROL OF PEST INSECTS IN INTEGRATED STORED PRODUCT PROTECTION 25 C. Adler PHEROMONE MATING DISRUPTION OF PINK BOLLWORM (PECTINOPHORA GOSSYPIELLA) IN EGYPT, 1992-99 32 A J Treen LABORATORY AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF PHEROMONES - TOOLS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF MATING DISRUPTION 39 Uwe T. Koch TEA TORTRIX TRAPPING BY PHEROMONE IN COMPARISON TO CONVENTIONAL CONTROLS 57 M. W. J. Dharmawardhana & S. Nelson Fernando EFFECT OF HONEYBEE QUEEN SUBSTANCE (QS) ON CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE BLACK CUTWORM, AGROTIS IPSILON (HUFN.) 66 S.I. Yousif-Khalil, S.A. El-Monsef, A.A.I. Ahmed, A.A.M. Shalaby and M.M.A. El-Shershaby EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF VARROATOSIS (VARROA JACOBSONI OUD.) USING VOLATILE OILS AS VARROACIDE IN HONEYBEE COLONIES IN EGYPT 78 Metwally M. Khattab INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO PRODUCE BIOPESTICIDES 86 Ambrosino P., D'Andrea± A., Fogliano V., Fresa R., Gorgoglione D., Mariani S., Ritieni A. and S. -
Parasites of the Honeybee
Parasites of the Honeybee This publication was produced by Dr. Mary F. Coffey Teagasc, Crops Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow co-financed by The Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food November 2007 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………….………….…….1 Bee origin and classification………………..……………………………………………………..2 The honeybee colony……….…………………………………..……………………......................4 Irish floral sources of pollen and nectar……………………………………...…………….…….11 Pests and diseases of the honeybee………………………………………………………….……12 Pests……………………………………….………………………………………...…………....12 Varroa Mite……………………………………………………………………………....12 Tracheal Mite…………………………………………………………………………….25 Bee-Louse (Braula Coeca)………………………………………………...………..........28 Wax Moths (Achroia Grisella & Galleria Mellonella) ………………………………….29 Tropilaelaps Mite…………………………………………………...……………………31 Small Hive Beetle (SHB)……………………………………………………...…….……33 Rodents (Mice and Rats)…………………………………………………………………36 Wasps and Bumblebees…………………………………………………………………..37 Adult bee diseases……………………….………………………………………….................….38 Nosema…………………………………………………………………………………...38 Brood diseases.………………………………………...……………………….…………..….…40 American Foulbrood………………………………………………………..……………40 European Foulbrood………………………...…………………………………………...43 Chalkbrood ……………………………..…………………….………………………….45 Stonebrood ……………………………………………………………………………….47 Viral diseases…………………………………….…………………………….……...………….47 Sacbrood Virus (SBV)……...…………………………………………………………….47 Deformed Wing Virus (DWV)……………..…………………………………………………….49 Kashmir Virus (KBV)……………………………………………………………………………..50 -
U N E P E M E R G I N G I S S U E S Global
UNEP EMERGING ISSUES GLOBAL HONEY BEE COLONY DISORDERS AND OTHER THREATS For more information contact: Division of Early Warning Assessment TO INSECT United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi 00100, Kenya www.unep.org Tel: (+254) 20 7623450 United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 - 00100 Nairobi, Kenya POLLINATORS Fax: (+254) 20 7624315 Tel.: +254 20 762 1234 Fax: +254 20 762 3927 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Web: www.unep.org www.unep.org © UNEP 2010 - UNEP Emerging Issues: Global Honey Bee Colony Disorder and Other Threats to Insect Pollinators. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this report as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing of the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimers The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the agencies cooperating in this project. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or cooperating agencies concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area of its authorities, or of the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of a commercial company or product in this report does not imply endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme. -
Pests, Parasitoids, and Predators
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2020; 8(3): 1248-1260 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Pests, parasitoids, and predators: Can they www.entomoljournal.com JEZS 2020; 8(3): 1248-1260 degrade the sociality of a honeybee colony, and be © 2020 JEZS Received: 13-03-2020 assessed via acoustically monitored systems? Accepted: 15-04-2020 Muhammad Zahid Sharif (1). Institute of Technical Biology Muhammad Zahid Sharif, Xueli Jiang and Sabah Mushtaq Puswal and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Abstract Box 1138, 350 Shushanhu Road, Honey bees are one the world’s most important contributors to plant pollination. Their unexplained Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R., China decline has become a matter of great concern. Potential factors destroying bee colonies include (2). University of Science and pathogens, pests, pesticides and environmental changes. The lethal effects of these factors have been Technology of China, 443 JinZhai extensively observed, but elucidating the mechanisms that may cause the collapse of an entire colony has Rd, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R., been largely neglected. In this review, along with lethal effects we address the nonlethal effects of insect China invaders (like insect pests, parasitoids and predators) and mites on social behavior of in-hive honeybee Xueli Jiang colonies. We also describe the acoustic emissions produced during confrontations with insect invaders. (1). Institute of Technical Biology Then, we briefly describe multiple in-hive monitoring systems, and propose our own simple sound and Agriculture Engineering, Hefei collection system which can prove as a useful tool to upgrade previously developed in-hive monitoring Institutes of Physical Science, systems.