The Living Skyscraper

Draft Rabeia Alhadi Accepted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Architecture At The Savannah College of Art and Design ____________________________________________________________________________________________________/__/__ Scott Dietz Date Committee Chair ____________________________________________________________________________________________________/__/__ Mohamed Elnahas Date Committee Member ____________________________________________________________________________________________________/__/__ Malcolm Kesson Date Committee Member The Living Skyscraper Mashrabbia; A Kinetic Envelope Represents Islamic Culture and Improves Building Energy Performance A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Architecture In Partial Fulfilment for the Requirements of Degree of Architecture At The Savannah College of Art and Design By Rabeia M. Alhadi June/2011 Dedication To my father, Mahmoud A. Elfaitory, and my mother, Nabawia A. Eljerjawi, t o whom I owe everything I have accomplished in my life, and to my brothers and sisters, for all their love and support. Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to the Libyan Ministry of Education for its financial support, without which this research would never have been possible. I was fortunate in having Prof. Scott Dietz as my committee chairman at SCAD. I am most grateful to him for encouraging and advising me throughout my work, as well as for his advice, comments and valuable discussions during the preparation of the final submission of this thesis. I am also very grateful to Prof. Mohamed Elnahas, my faculty advisor, for his advice and comments on my thesis prior to submission. My thanks are also due to Prof. Malcolm Kesson, my topic consultant, for his comments and guidance throughout my work on this thesis. I would also like to extend my gratitude for editorial help rendered by Mrs. Zeba Siddiqui for her valuable and ongoing assistance. Many thanks also go to the staff of the SCAD Library for their assistance. Outside the academic arena, my deepest thanks go to my family and in particular my husband, Mohamed A. Elmughrbi. Its various members never stopped encouraging me to finish this thesis and they continued to bear with me throughout the period of my work because of my academic interests. Finally, I thank my Creator for His grace, for having such helpful people around me, and for the privilege of being able to complete this research. Table of Content: 2.3.2 Brief History 2.3.3 Economy List of Figures 2.3.4 Demography Abstract 2.3.5 The Geology, Soil and Topography Part One: 2.4.6 Climate 2.4.7The residential land use change in Tripoli. 1.1 Theoretical Context 2.3.8 Architectural and Urban Fabric of Tripoli, New versus 1.2 Arguable Position old 1.3 Design Objective 1.4 Design Strategy Part Three: Site Analysis 1.5 Expected Outcome 3.1 General Information 3.2 Site Description 1.6 Active Research& Relevant Resources 3.3 Land-Use Map 1.6.1 Environmental effect on Islamic culture and its 3.4 Circulation Map relation to architecture 3.5 Sun Path 1.6.2 Case Studies 3.6 Prevailing Wind 3.7 Views from the Site to Its Surroundings 3.8 Views to the Site Part Two: Context Analysis 3.9 Environment Simulations 2.1 Digital Context 3.9.1 Solar Radiation Analysis 2.1.1 Introduction 3.9.2 Shadow Study 2.1.2 Kinetic Envelope Systems 3.9.3 Wind Study 2.1.3 Parametric Design of BIM 2.1.4 Design parameters for kinetic skins Part Four: Programming 2.2 Social and Cultural Context of Skyscrapers 4.1 General Overview of Needs and Desires 2.2.1 History and Technology 4.2 Tripoli’s Traditional Street Component 2.2.2 Sustainable Skyscrapers 4.3 Program Summary 2.3 Context Analysis of Tripoli City, Libya 4.4 Program Distribution 2.3.1 Background 4.5 Program precedents 4.6 Program Quantitative Summary and Proportions 4.7 Conclusion Part Five: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Islamic Geometric Patterns 5.3 Types of Islamic Patterns 5.4 The Proposed Mashrabbia Patterns 5.5 Dynamic Mashrabbia Environment Simulations 5.6 Project Schematic Design Part Six: Design Development 6.1 Dynamic Mashrabbia Pattern Development 6.2 Building Orientation 6.4 Building Design Development 6.5 Dynamic Mashrabbia Evaluation 6.5.1 Solar Radiation Analysis 6.5.2 Building Energy Performance Analysis 6.5.3 Dynamic Mashrabbia Benefits Part Seven: Design Development 7.1 Dynamic Mashrabbia Details 7.1.1 Dynamic Mashrabbia Behaviour during Daytime 7.1.2 Detailed Mashrabbia Design 7.1.3 Dynamic Mashrabbia Effect on Interior Spaces 7.2 Building Skin Layers and Ventilation system 7.3 Design Development 7.4 Conclusion Bibliography List of Figures: Fig. 2.10: Menara Mesiniaga, Kuala Lumpur, 1992, T. R. Hamzah & Yeang Part One: Figure 2.11: Swiss Reinsurance Headquarters, London, U.K., 2004, Fig. 1.1: The old city of Tripoli, Libya Foster and Partners Fig 1.2: Courtyard House Fig.2.12 : The Solaire, Battery Park, New York City, 2003 Fig 1.3: Mashrabbia Figure 2.13: Pearl River Tower, Guangzhou, China, 2010 Fig 1.4: Geometric Patterns of Tessellate Panels Fig. 2.14: Tripoli city’s skyline Fig 1.5: Interior rendering of the Court yeard by Foster+ Partners Fig. 2.15: Tripoli links between European and African cities Fig 1.6: ABI's Strata System Fig. 2.16: Oil exports from Libya Fig 1.7: Detail of ABI's Strata System Fig. 2.17: Temperature and rainfall averages, Tripoli, Libya Fig 1.8: Perme System at Aldar Central Market Fig. 2.18: Tripoli residential land use between 1960-2005 Fig 1.9: Abu Dhabi Investment Council Headquarters Towers Fig. 2.19: The main entrance to the Medina, known as Bab Al-Hurriyah Fig 1.10, Investment-Council-Headquarters-Towers-Concept-Design (the Freedom Gate) the earliest fortified wall around the town was built in Fig 1.11: Investment-Council-Headquarters-Towers-Ground-Design the 4th century Fig 1.13: Façade Layers Fig. 2.20: Marcus Aurelius arch Fig. 2.21: Karamanli Palace Part Two: Fig. 2.22: Right: The main hall of Gurji mosque, Lift: Islamic Inscriptions Fig. 2.1: The kinetic façade of Arab World Institute, Paris in the mosque Fig. 2.2: Arizona State University's Bio-design Institute in Tempe Fig. 2, 23: The Red Castel, Tripoli, Libya Fig. 2.3: (GSW) headquarters building Fig. 2.24: The modern shore of Tripoli reflecting the contrast between the Fig. 2.4: Design parameters for kinetic skins old and new buildings of the city Fig. 2.6: The BIX electronic skin by Peter Cook Fig. 2.25: The style of high-rise buildings in modern Tripoli Fig. 2.5: A/B-sampling data from sensors and information portals Fig. 2.26: Residential high-rise buildings in modern Tripoli Fig. 2.7: Sullivan's Wainwright Building Fig. 2.27: Commercial and Residential high-rise building in the modern Fig. 2.8: Sears Tower part of Tripoli Fig. 2.9: Lift: Taipei 101 tower, right: Burg Dubai Fig. 2.28: Right, Alfateh tower. Lift: Abulaila tower 1 Fig. 2.29:10-story residential building is under construction. (Picture: Sep. Fig. 4.1: An example of Tripoli’s narrow traditional streets 07, 2010) Fig. 4.2: One of Tripoli’s medina streets Fig. 2.30: Hydra Tripoli Tower Fig. 4.3: Handicrafts in the old city of Tripoli Fig. 2.32: The new skyscrapers of Tripoli (some of them are under Fig. 4.4: Concept diagram construction): dwarfing Boulayla and Alfatah towers. Fig. 4.5: A rendering of Medina Tower JW.Marriott Hotel (bottom right) Fig. 4.6: Some views of Medina Tower Fig. 2.31: Medina Tower, Tripoli, Libya Fig. 4.7: Program proportions Part Three: Part Five: Fig. 3.1: The proposed site, Tripoli, Libya, North Africa Fig. 5.1: The Root Two proportion systemFig. 5.2: Root Three proportion Fig.3.2: Zooming further to the site system Fig. 3.3: Tripoli’s district heights map Fig. 5.3: The Golden Ratio proportion system Fig. 3.4: Land-use map Fig. 5.4: Islamic mashrabbias pattern case studies Fig. 3.5: Circulation map Fig. 5.5: The various opening stages of Pattern Fig. 3.6: Sun path of Tripoli city Fig, 5.6: Pattern I Environment Simulation Result, 20-foot depth space Fig. 3.7 Prevailing wind, Tripoli, Libya Fig. 5.7: Pattern I Environment Simulation Result, 30-foot depth space Fig. 3.8: Views from the site Fig. 5.7: Pattern II Environment Simulation Result, 20-foot depth space Fig. 3.9: Views toward the site Fig. 5.8: Pattern III Environment Simulation Result, 30-foot depth space Fig. 3.10: Summer solar radiation study result Fig. 5.9: Pattern III Environment Simulation Result, 20-foot depth space Fig. 3.11: Winter solar radiation study result Fig. 5.10: Pattern I Environment Simulation Result, 30-foot depth space Fig. 3.12: Summer shadow study result Fig. 5.11: The site Fig. 3.13: Winter shadow study result Fig. 5.12: First floor zoning Fig. 3.14: Pressure study result Fig. 5.13: Second floor zoning Fig. 3.15: velocity study result Fig. 5.14: Section A-A Fig. 5.15: Building elevations Part Four: Fig. 5.16: Perspective 2 Fig. 5.17: Perspective Fig. 7.4: Building’s skin layers, left: during moderate climate and at nights, right: during hot climate. Part Six: Fig. 7.5: Building perspective Fig. 7.6: Site plan Fig. 6.1: Dynamic mashrabbia pattern ( Maya software) Fig. 7.7: Basement levels plan Fig. 6.2: Best building orientation study result, Tripoli, Libya (Ecotect Fig. 7.8: First floor plan software Fig. 7.9: Second floor plan Fig. 6.3: Distributing the dynamic mashrabbia on the towers( Revit Fig.

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