Project Under Erasmus +Programme, Sector School Education
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Vocational School of Tourism „Mihalaki Georgiev“, Project under Erasmus +Programme, Sector School Education, „European schools without stereotypes promoting the European inter culturality“, № 2016-1-RO01-KA219-024675_2 It is believed that the findings of "Varna Gold Treasure" are the oldest technologically processed gold in Europe and the world, belonging to the so-called Culture Varna (4400 - 4100 BC). Most of the discovered gold objects are jewelry and appliqués. The total weight of the deposited gold objects is over 1.5 kg. In addition to gold jewelry and appliqués in the grave, a stone ax-rod, as well as a gold bow, were found. The handle is lined with three gold tubes flanked with gold rings. At the top ends with a gold nozzle. Interpreted as a symbol of the power of burial. Bulgaria is one of the oldest European countries, which has never changed its name! The Bulgarian Orthodox Church - the Bulgarian Patriarchate is an autocephalous local Orthodox Church. Its rank in the Patriarchate in 927 made it the first autocephalous church after the ancient churches in Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem, and the oldest national church in Europe. According to the surveys, Bulgaria ranks third after Greece and Italy in archaeological excavation sites in Europe. In 716 AD, Bulgaria saved Europe from Islamization. 716 AD, the Bulgarians, under the leadership of Khan Tervel, stopped the Arab invasion at the doors of Constantinople, helping the Byzantine Empire to deal with the danger. In a vital battle in 718 AD, the Bulgarian cavalry defeated over 60,000 thousand Arab army and saved Europe from the threat. Since then, many chronicles have called Tervel - the "Savior of Europe". The Bulgarian army is of the few forces in the world that has never lost a flag despite the fact that it has participated in every major war. Excuse me, we did not know it was impossible to be captured ! The first air bomb attack was done by the Bulgarian Air Force during the Balkan War on 16 October 1912 when the Odrin was captured. The first digital clock was developed by the Bulgarian Petar Petrov. Bulgarians are the first people to use the Cyrillic alphabet right after its creation in the 9th century. After the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on January 1, 2007, the Cyrillic alphabet became the third official in Europe. The Bulgarian folk song "Izlel e Deliu haidutin", sounds aboard the American shuttle - Voyager I, as part of the project to make contact with alien civilization. VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF TOURISM „MIHALAKI GEORGIEV“, PROJECT UNDER ERASMUS +PROGRAMME, SECTOR SCHOOL EDUCATION, „EUROPEAN SCHOOLS WITHOUT STEREO- TYPES PROMOTING THE EUROPEAN INTER CULTURALITY“, № 2016-1-RO01-KA219-024675_2 HISTORICAL REVIEW: The history of clothing in Bulgarian lands begins with settlement of the Slavs and the Proto-Bulgarians. They brought a new way of life that affects both the lifestyle and the clothing. The typical garment for Slav men and women is the wide and straight shirt, usually made of flax or hemp. The shirt for men was knee-long, and for women its length reached the ankles. Unlike the garments of the Slavs, which had been made of plant materials, the everyday clothing of the Bulgarians was made of animal skin, which reflected their lifestyle. The textile traditions of the local Thracian population also influenced the clothing of the Slavs and Bulgarians. Thus, over the centuries, the common hereditary characteristics of clothing have shaped the typical clothing of the Bulgarian population during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. After the adoption of Christianity in 865, the new religion influenced the Bulgarian aristocracy, which began to follow the clothing and lifestyle of the Byzantine rulers and aristocracy. Thus their clothing differred from the traditional Bulgarian clothing. These differences disappeared after Bulgaria lost its independence and state during the Turkish yolk at the end of the 14th century. During the period of Turkish rule, the rich decoration of the Bulgarian official and traditional costume disappeared. The new historical reality imposed new clothes requirements. The Bulgarian population in the towns and villages, called raya, was forbidden to wear beautiful clothes. The dress should only be in dark colors, black or brown, so it would not attract attention. The clothing materials had to be rough. The Bulgarians had no right to wear expensive and richly decorated clothes. These restrictions were mainly applied to the Bulgarian aristocracy. The traditional Bulgarian clothing was preserved in black version for the winter and white for the summer. After the Liberation in 1878, along with the formation of the state and the institutions a novelties appeared and again there was formed urban and rural clothing. The social clothing did not differ significantly from that before the Liberation, while in urban clothing again the fashionable European tendencies began to emerge. So for the 16,17,18,19 century we can summarize that the traditional Bulgarian clothing was almost unchanged for the whole period, but there were some specific features in the different ethnographic areas. Northern costume Traditional Northwestern clothing for north and northwestern Bulgaria, where Vidin is located, is spread from Pleven to the north to the Danube and Romania, and to the West to the Republic of Serbia. The women's costume is two-sided and consists of a front and a back embroidered apron, white cotton embroidered shirt with lace sleeves and skirt with red wool embroidered belt. The male Northern costume is includes white pants, called benevretsi, with a top embroidered garment with sleeves to the elbows or sleeveless and without a collar. Dobrudzha costume The costume of Dobrudzha is characteristic of the region of Northeastern Bulgaria - Dobrudzha region. This is the region of Dobrich, Silistra and Varna. The female Dobrudja costume consists of a red sleeveless dress with embroidery, a long white cotton shirt with embroidery, a red wool apron with embroidery, a yellow towel with fringes on the head and a belt. The men's costume consists of black trousers, a white cotton shirt with embroidery around the neck, a wavy red belt, a characteristic towel and a specific thick leg calf for the legs. Costume of the Shops – the area around Sofia: The costume is beautiful and varied. It was spread in the region of Sofia, Ihtiman, Pernik and Dupnitsa. The women's costume consisted of a black or blue sleeveless dress with a bayonet, a long white shirt to the ankle with embroidery, a belt of white and red piping. The typical decoration for the women was called coilo / gathered in a bundle a bunch of grass, painted in the rainbow colours. They also wore white lace headscarf. Men's costume consisted of black or dark blue vest with piped/ pants / with white or black piping, red or black belt Thracian costume from the ethnographic area of Strandzha: That was the traditional costume for the Bulgarians who inhabited Southeastern Bulgaria in the region of Plovdiv, St. Zagora, Bourgas. There were different costumes for men, women and children. Characteristic for all of them was the red color of the outer garments in combination with a white embroidered shirt. The ladies' set consists of a red embroidered sleeveless dress, a white lady's shirt with embroidery, an embroidered apron, a belt and gold mugs. The men's set consists of a red vest with rich embroidery and braids, men's trousers / pants / black or brown with braids, a white shirt with embroidery and a belt. Costumes in Pirin Region This traditional clothing was characteristic of Southwest Bulgaria, at the foot of the Pirin and Rila mountains near the borders with Greece and Macedonia over the centuries. The women's costume consists of a shirt, a top dress, a red or coloured in strips woolen belt, a narrow apron with colorful motives, coloured socks and stitches. Women wore a long cloth on their heads - headscarves with bright fringes - red, yellow, green, blue. Around the waist women wore belt buckles, on the chest - a string of pendants. The men's costume is white-coloured, light, clinging to the body, attached to a belt. Men wore a short woolen jacket, a black cap, tunics and a dark red woolen belt. Natural landmarks in Bulgaria Vocational School of Tourism ``Mihalaki Georgiev” Vidin, Bulgaria Menu 1: SNEZHANKA SALAD (Cucumber - yoghurt salad) Ingredients: 1/2 kg cucumbers, 1 kg drained yoghurt, 4-5 cloves garlic, 1/2 cup finely chopped parsley (or dill), Salt, 3 tablespoon oil Method of preparation: 1. Pour 1 1/2 kg of yoghurt into a cheesecloth pouch. Hang and let it drain for 6 hours. (A big strainer covered with filter paper can be used instead). 2. Peel the cucumbers, dice, sprinkle with salt and lay aside so that the juice can run off. 3. Drain the cucumbers in a strainer and combine with the drained yoghurt. 4. Crush garlic with a pinch of salt. Add oil and garlic to yoghurt-cucumber mixture, stir well. GRILLED MEATSTICKS IN YAMBOL STYLE Ingredients for 8 servings: 700g boned veal, 300g boned pork, 1 teaspoon salt, 1/2 teaspoon ground cumin, 1 – 2 coffee cups beer, 1 small onion, 1 teaspoon ground black pepper Method of preparation: 1. Mince meat and mix in salt, black pepper and cumin. 2. Keep mixing with one hand and with the other pour in as much beer as the mixture takes in. Baked and crushed hot peppers may be added too. 3. Leave the minced meat in a cool place for 24 hours. 4. On the next day add chopped onion (optional). 5. Mix the minced meat with some water (as much as it takes in).