The Expansion and Decline of the O'donel Estate Newport
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L.O. a t v t - i ■ m w NUI MAYNOOTH OltiCtll ni »? i<4ifih V4 THE EXPANSION AND DECLINE OF THE O’DONEL ESTATE NEWPORT, COUNTY MAYO 1785-1852 By Peter Mullowney IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF M. A. DEPARTMENT OF MODERN HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH HEAD OF DEPARTMENT: Professor R.V. Comerford Supervisor of Research: Dr. Raymond Gillespie July 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................................ 1 LIST OF ABRREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION.................................................1..............................................................................................3 CHAPTER 1 “THE REMAINDER TO IN TAIL MALE” THE INHERITANCE OF THE O’DONEL ESTATE.................................................................................................................................................................11 CHAPTER 2 THE O’DONEL ESTATE THE LAND AND ECONOMY OF THE ESTATE 45 CHAPTER 3 “A LITTLE THING WILL HELP A POOR MAN” THE O’DONEL ESTATELANDLORD TENANT RELATIONS............................................................................................. 85 CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................................135 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................................................ 140 APPENDIX 1 ACCOUNT OF DEBT CHARGES AFFECTING THE O’DONEL ESTATE 1831 SUBMITTED TO THE COURT OF CHANCERY BY ALEXANDER CLENDENNING. 3 JANUARY 1832................................................................................................................................................ 151 APPENDIX 2 LANDS OF THE O’DONEL ESTATE SOLD IN ENCUMBERED ESTATES COURT 1852 -1856.........................................................................................................................................153 TABLE OF FIGURES F i g u r e 1 T h e o w n e r s h ip o f t h e t o w n l a n d s i n t h e p a r is h o f B u r r i s h o o l e .....................................................4 8 F i g u r e 2 P e r c e n t a g e o f l a n d o w n e d i n t h e P a r i s h o f B u r r is h o o l e b y t h e f o u r m a j o r LANDLORDS................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 9 F i g u r e 3 P e r c e n t a g e o f t e n a n t s r e n t i n g f r o m t h e f o u r m a j o r l a n d l o r d s i n t h e p a r is h o f B u r r is h o o l e 1 8 5 1 ...............................................................................................................................................................................4 9 F i g u r e 4 C alculations o f t h e M e a n , M o d e , M i n , M a x , a n d S t a n d a r d V a r i a t i o n f o r s e v e r a l VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT TOWNLANDS IN THE PARISH OF BURRISHOOLE OWNED BY S ir R i c h a r d O ’ D o n e l ......................................................................................................................................................................5 0 F ig u r e 5 T h e g r o w e r s o f f l a x t h a t w e r e i n a r r e a r s O ’D o n e l e s t a t e in 1 8 2 2 ..........................................5 9 F i g u r e 6 G r a i n e x p o r t f r o m p o r t o f N e w p o r t 1749 -1790 ......... 6 8 F ig u r e 7 S c h e d u l e o f t h e T o l l s a n d C u s t o m s a n d C r a n a g e l e v i e d w i t h i n t h e M a n o r o f N e w p o r t 1 8 1 8 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 5 F i g u r e 8 P o p u l a t io n E s t i m a t e s C o u n t y M a y o 1706 - 1841 ........................................................................................81 F ig u r e 9 P e r c e n t a g e o f P o p u l a t io n i n P a r i s h b y L a n d l o r d ..................................................................................124 F ig u r e 10 D e c r e a s e i n p o p u l a t i o n b y L a n d l o r d .............................................................................................................. 125 F ig u r e 11 C o m p a r is o n o f L a n d l o r d s , G r i f f i t h s V a l u e p e r a c r e a n d d e c r e a s e p o p u l a t io n 1841 - 1 8 5 1 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................126 F i g u r e 12 C o m p a r is o n o f L a n d l o r d s , A c r e s p e r p e r s o n a n d d e c r e a s e p o p u l a t io n 1841 -1851 127 TABLE OF MAPS M a p I : I r e l a n d , P r o v i n c e s , M a j o r C i t i e s , a n d C o u n t y M a y o ( a f t e r A l m q u i s t ) .......................................4 M a p 2: C o u n t y M a y o .( a f t e r A lm q u is t) ........................................................................................................................................5 M a p 3 : T h e B a r o n ie s o f M a y o ( a f t e r A l m q u i s t ) ................................................................................ 6 Acknowledgements I wish to acknowledge the assistance of the staff of the National Library, National Archives, Registry of Deeds, Representative Church Body Library and National University of Ireland, Maynooth Library. I would especially like to thank Ivor Hamrock of the local history section of Mayo County Library, Castlebar for continual advice. I would like to thank Joe McDermott and Mark Garevan for advising me to enrol for this course and for constant encouragement during it. The enthusiasm of Dr. Raymond Gillespie, the course director during the lectures made them even more enjoyable and the guidance he gave me in preparing this thesis was most valuable. My classmates made the whole course more enjoyable even when the going got tough. My thanks to Una, my wife and Eoin, my son for reading the final draft of this thesis and making helpful suggestions and to all my family for putting up with the demands that the course made on my time. 1 List of AbrreviAtions JGAHS JournAl of the GAlwAv ArchAeologicAl And HistoricAl Society N.A. NAtionAl Archives NLI NAtionAl LibrAry of IrelAnd NA NAtionAl Archives PC Unindexed pAcking cAse NAtionAl LibrAry of IrelAnd RD Registry of Deeds 2 Introduction This thesis examines the history of the O’Donel estate in West Mayo, from the purchase of the estate by Sir Neal O’Donel in the late eighteenth century to the sale of most of the estate, in the 1850s in the Encumbered Estates Court, by his grandson Sir Richard Annesley O’Donel. The estate was purchased from John Thomas Medlicott and Thomas John Medlicott for £33,589 19s 4d, which was equal to nineteen years and a half purchase of the rental income minus the head rent amounting to £1722 11s 3d per year. 1 The O’Donels owned land in three baronies of Mayo, the Tarmon estate in the barony of Erris, the Cong estate in the barony of Kilmaine and the Newport estate in the barony of Burrishoole. Included in the sale of lands by the Medlicotts was also land in Counties Tipperary, Kilkenny and Waterford but this was probably disposed of almost immediately as the only reference to it in the O’Donel papers is in the deed of sale of 17 July 1774.2 The Burrishoole estate, centred on the town of Newport, was made up of 70,000 acres. The land is generally poor consisting in a large part of mountain grazing. The part of the property that was arable, consisted of acidic peaty soils. Crops that grew there were buffeted by winds coming in from the Atlantic Ocean. The soil and climate were ideal however for the cultivation of potatoes and linen. The success of these two crops led to the rapid increase in the population of the estate and its subsequent drastic decline 1 NLI, PC264 {2)122 Document from Court of Kings bench mArking Agreement between Sir NeAl O’Donel And John ThomAs Medlicott And ThomAs John Medlicott where in exchAnge for the Newport estAte described therein John ThomAs Medlicott wAs given £33,589 19s 4d And ThomAs John Medlicott one spArrow hAwk. 2 NLI, PC263(l)/50 Indenture of EstAte 1774 ‘Signed seAled And delivered by the within nAmed Thos John Medlycott, John ThomAs Medlycott, FrAnces PhillipA ElizAbeth And SusAn Medlycott, John EArl of AltAmont And John Thewles, JAne Brown And JAmes Shiel in the presence o f ... ’ 3 during the Great Famine of the 1840s, when the population on the estate decreased by 46 per cent between 1841 and 1851.