INDEX

ALOHA network, 86 Cable TV: as communication medium, ALOHA protocol, 90 58-59; and data communication, 59 community, 86-87 Carlyle, Thomas, 63 American Standard Code for Infor- Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Colli- matiotion Interchange. See ASCII sion Detection Protocol, 90 code Carterfone decision, 25 Ameritech Community, companies Catalog, automated. See Automated of, 64 catalog Ameritech Credit Corp., 64 CBMS. See -Based Message Ameritech Development Corp., 64 Systems Ameritech Mobile Communications, 64 CCITT, 6 Ameritech Publishing, 64 Cellular radio, 85 Ameritech Services, 64 Channel types, 28-29 Amplitude modulation, and packet Circulation communications, 33 radio, 89 Circulation control, functions, 32-34, Am tor code, 31 36 Analog transmission, 47-48 Class OnTyme Network, 82-83 Antenna configuration, and packet Coaxial cable, 48 radio, 90 Communication Act of 1934, 8 Application processor, and System 85, Communication circuit, 27 75 Communication concepts, 30 ARPANET, 86 Communication hardware, 54-56 ASCII code, 31, 80 Communication medium, and trans- Asynchronous transmission: 31; mission types, 48 requirements for, 43-44 Communication protocols: and packet AT&T: divestiture, 4-5, 44-46; and radio, 87; use of, 44 service calls, 108; size of private line Competition, as result of divestiture, 5 business, 6; T-l carrier, 7 Computer-Based Message Systems, 81 Audio conferences, 98 Computer circuit, 29 Autodin code, 31 Computer controlled switching, 66 Automated catalog, at Lincoln Trail Computer design, 72 Libraries System, cost of, 102 Computer systems, interfacing of, 62 , growth in numbers of, 71 Bakersfield, Calif., data communi- Conditioned leased lines. See Leased cation 38 model, lines, conditioning of Bandwidth: and 88 48-49; packet radio, Consultant project, management of, Baseband systems, 60-61 20-21 Baud: definition and voice of, 28; grade Consultant services, analysis of need lines, 50 for, 12 Baudot, Jean Maurice Emile, 28 Consultants: alternatives to, 12; benefits Baudot 80 code, 31, of, 22; and flexibility, 16; hiring of, BCDIC code, 31 12-13; selection of, 19-20; use of, Bit, definition of, 28 recommendations for, 22 Bolter, Walter, 6 Consultative Committee on Inter- Book jobbers, and electronic mail national Telephone and Telegraph. service, 83 See CCITT Bracket fees, for consultants, 14 Continuing education, and technologi- Broadband system, 61 cal change, 70-71

110 INDEX 111

Cooperative Library Agency for Geac, 10, 21 Systems and Services. See CLASS Half duplex, 28, 31, 53 DARPA, 86 Hertz, 48 Data Communication Format, 32 Data communications: combined with Information: explosion of, 70; trans- voice, 73; cost reduction in, 109 mission of, 46-47 Data concentrator, 55 Innovation, and future, 69-70 Datagram approach, 91 Integrated Services Digital Network: 6, Dataphone Digital Service, 50-51 67; description of, 7; standards, 67 Data set, 54-55 Interactive processing, 35 Data transmission, and Ameritech, 64 Interconnect, characteristics of. 27-28 DDS. See Dataphone Digital Service Interlibrary Loan: and electronic mail, Department of Defense Advanced Re- 81; and Lincoln Trail Libraries Sys- search Project Agency. See DARPA tem, 101; and television, 78-79 Deregulation, 68 Internet protocol, 92-93 Dial access, 49-50 ISDN. See Integrated Services Digital Dial-up communications, 78 Network Dial-up services, costs of, 45 78 Dialog, 81 Kilgour, Fred, Digital communications system: 6; Labor force, and technological change, advantages of, 71 70 Digital Termination Service, 7 LAN. See Local Area Network Digital transmission, 48 Laser technology, 72 DIMENSION, System 85, 73 Last-mile 7 Divestiture: and effect on telecommuni- problem, Leased lines: 49; 51-52; cation costs, 6; and related costs to advantages, 51-52 consumer, 24-25 condtioning of, data communication needs of, DLA. See University of California, Library: 43; telecommunication needs of, 43 Division of Library Automation Library automation, technical forces of DTS. See Digital Termination Service 18 Duplex line. See Full duplex change, Library telecommunications, as part of EBCDIC code, 31 AT&T private line business, 6-7 Electronic mail: 75; and CLASS, 82-83; Light guide. See Fiber optics Lincoln Trail Libraries development of, 79-81; uses of, 81, 83 System: 100-09; Ellsworth, Annie, 79 continuing problems, 108-09; des- Ethernet, 60 cription, 100-01; in-house collection of, 101; replacement of terminals Fax, 97-98 and multiplexer, 105, tax base, 100- Fiber optic cables, 60 01; telecommunication network, Fiber optics, and Ameritech, 66. See also 102-03 Photonics Line charges, for Lincoln Trail Flat fees, for consultants, 14 Libraries System, 102-03 Fort Bragg Packet Radio Network, 86 Line quality, cost of, 42 Frequencies, and packet radio, 80 Line splitting, 53 Frequency modulation: and packet Literacy, and computer literacy, 63 radio, 89; using a single sideband, 89 Local Area Network: 7, 46, 59-60; trans- Frequency range. See Bandwidth mission media for, 60 Frequency shift keying, 88 Local exchange telephone technology, FSK. See Frequency shift keying characteristics of, 5 Full broadcast network, 91 Long Beach, Calif, telecommunication Full duplex, 31 model, 39 112 INDEX

Long distance service, and digital OnTyme Services, resale of, 83 communications, 6 Operating modes, 31 Long-haul network, and integration of packet radio network, 91-93 Packet network, 67 Los Angeles telecommunication Packet radio: amateur use, 86-87; and model, 40 communication protocols, 87; cost of, 87; definition of, 84; design of, for Mainframe-based systems, require- library activities, 88-90; develop- ments for, 44 ment of, 85-87; as local technology, Maintenance, problems at Lincoln 92; military applications, 85; as Trail Libraries System, 104 solution to costly wiring, 84 Malinconico, Michael, 20 Packet radio network, integration with Manhattan Cable, 58-59 long-haul network, 91-93 Market survey, for teleconferencing, 97 Packet switching, 85 MCLS. See Monroe County Library PBX. See Private Branch Exchange System PCM. See Pulse Code Modulation , capacity of, 71 Per diem fees, for consultants, 14 Microwave transmission, 57-58 Photonics, 72. See also Fiber optics Minicomputer-based systems, require- Picturephone, 96 ments for, 43-44 Pierce-Phelps Company, 99 Mizar, 99 Plain Old Telephone Service. See Model, use and definition of, 31-32 POTS : 54-55; function of, 55; use of, 5 Point concentrators, 56 Modulation techniques, and packet Point-to-point traffic, 27 radio network, 88 POTS, 5, 6 Monroe County Library System, 10-12, Private Branch Exchange, 54 21-22 PRNET, 86 Morse, Samuel, 79 Professional associations, and electron- Morse code, characteristics of, 26-27 ic mail service, 83 Motorola Inc., portable computer Protocols, for shared broadcast chan- system, 85 nels, 90 Multidrop concentrator, 56 Public libraries, and teleconferencing, Multiplexers: 55-56; and line costs at 90 Lincoln Trail Libraries System, 104 Publishers, and electronic mail service, Multiplexing techniques, 55 87 Pulse code modulation, 89 Naisbitt, John, 70 Narrowband teleconferencing, defini- QPSK. See Quadrature phase shift tion of, 95 keying Network: definition of, 65; as national Quadrature phase shift keying, 88 resource, 65-66 Newcomb, Simon, 69 Radio community, amateur. See radio Noise, 47 Amateur community and 87-88 Northridge, Calif, telecommunication Repeaters, packet radio, model, 41 Request for Proposal. See RFP RFP: 12-15; advantages of, 12; elements OCLC: 65; and costs of divestiture, 46; of, 13; and evaluation of proposals, and sophisticated application 15; extent of job, 14; and financial requirements, 78 information requirements, 14; and Office communication system, 73-76 goals for consultant, 13; informa- Online catalogs, and packet radio, tion on library applications, 13; 87-88. See also Automated catalog preparation of, 16-17; and require- Online data elements, 35 ments for qualifications of consul- INDEX 113

tant, 13- 14; and schedule of work, 14; Telecommunication plans, and flexi- subcontracting, 15 bility, 16 Telecommunications: in envi- Routing: 91; and packet radio, 88 changes RS-232 connector, 105-06 ronment of, 4; changes in technical aspects of, 5-6; definition of, 43; Satellite channels, 57 early use in libraries, 78-79; histori- Satellite circuit, cost of, 57 cal development, 26-28; as integrat- Semibroadcast networks, 91 ing force, 76; as key issue for Shared broadcast channel, protocols librarians, 3; in library, 3, 26, 61-62; for, 90 and local needs, 17-18; needs in pub- Simplex lines, 28, 31, 53 lic library, 11; new price structures, Sitor code, 31 5-6; pricing determinants, 36; rea- Slow scan hardware, 96-97 sons for change, 4; regulation of, 67- "Smart building", 8 68 Software, 72 Teleconferencing: administrative Southeastern Library Network, 65 advantages of, 98-99; costs of, 95; Speaker phone, 97-98 experiments, 96; in libraries, 95-%; Spread spectrum techniques, and literature on, 99; roles for, 95-96 packet radio, 89 Telefacsimile, 97 Stat mux, 55-56 Telegraph, 51, 79-80 Statistical multiplexing. See Stat mux Telenet, 52 Steinmuller, Edward, 71 Telephone network, and data trans- Store and forward, 97 mission, 49 Subvoice grade lines, 51 Telephone rates. See Tariff Summit, Roger, 78, 81 Telephone service, and library tele- Switched connection, 51 communications, 5 Switched link, 51 Telephones, 54 Synchronous transmission: 31; require- Teleteaching, 96 ments of, 43-44 Telex, 51, 80 TELPAK, 103, 107 Talimaine, 96 , 86-87 hardware 96-97 Talinet: 96; in, Terminals: installation, 106; radio See Tucson Amateur Packet TAPR. based, 85; System 85, 73-75 Radio Group TNC. See Terminal Node Controller and Tariff: changes in, 45; structures, Tor code, 31 5 voice grade lines, Touch- tone equipment, 54 Technological change, 69-70 Transistor, 71 effect on liter- Technology: caveats, 26; Transmitter power, and packet radio, acy, 65; introduction into library 89 77-78 community, Tredgold, Thomas, 69 Telecommunication capabilities, local, Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Group, 7-8 86 Telecommunication consultants: areas Turnkey system: limitations, 44; local of need sources of for, 17; funding, computer support, 11; problems, 11 18-19 TWX network: 51, 80; in libraries, 78-79 Telecommunication costs: adaptation Tymnet, 52 to, 7; changes in, 44-46; legislative Tymshare, 82-83 relief for, 8-9; and new technologies, 46 Uninet, 52 Telecommunication lines: 52-54; types Union Catalog, at Lincoln Trail of, 49-50 Libraries System, 101 Telecommunication networks, and multimedia options, 56-57 114 INDEX

University of California: Division of Library Automation, 84; and tele- communication systems, 18 University of Illinois, and Lincoln Trail Libraries System, 103 University of Pittsburgh, as wired campus, 8

VADCG. See Vancouver Amateur Digital Communication Group Value added network, 52 VAN. See Value added network Vancouver Amateur Digital Communi- cation Group, 86 Video communication, 61 Video letter, 98 Video phone, 97 Video transmission, and bandwidth, 49 Virtual circuit approach, 91 Voice communication, combined with data, 73

Voice-grade telephone service, 5, 45-46

Wangnet, 60 Weiss, Bill, 64 Western Union, 80 Wired campus, 7 Wiring: cost of, 84-85; and online catalogs, 84 Work force, distribution of, 70

Xerox X10, 60