Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 31 / Friday, February 14, 2020 / Rules and Regulations 8389

of FAA Order 7400.11D, dated August 8, Designations and Reporting Points, is effective September 15, 2019, is 2019, and effective September 15, 2019, published yearly and effective on amended as follows: which is incorporated by reference in 14 September 15. Paragraph 5000 Class D Airspace. CFR 71.1. The Class E airspace Regulatory Notices and Analyses designation listed in this document will * * * * * be published subsequently in the Order. The FAA has determined that this AWP CA D Concord, CA regulation only involves an established Availability and Summary of Buchanan Field, CA body of technical regulations for which ° ′ ″ ° ′ ″ Documents for Incorporation by (Lat. 37 59 23 N, long. 122 03 25 W) frequent and routine amendments are Reference That airspace extending upward from the necessary to keep them operationally surface to and including 2,500 feet MSL This document amends FAA Order current, is non-controversial and within a 2.6-mile radius of the airport from 7400.11D, Airspace Designations and unlikely to result in adverse or negative the 205° bearing from the airport clockwise Reporting Points, dated August 8, 2019, comments. It, therefore: (1) Is not a to the 314° bearing, thence extending to a 4.1- and effective September 15, 2019. FAA ‘‘significant regulatory action’’ under mile radius of the airport from the 314° Order 7400.11D is publicly available as Executive Order 12866; (2) is not a bearing clockwise to the 205° bearing from listed in the ADDRESSES section of this ‘‘significant rule’’ under DOT Buchanan Field. This Class D airspace area document. FAA Order 7400.11D lists Regulatory Policies and Procedures (44 is effective during the specific dates and Class A, B, C, D, and E airspace areas, times established in advance by a Notice to FR 11034; February 26, 1979); and (3) Airmen. The effective date and time will air traffic service routes, and reporting does not warrant preparation of a thereafter be continuously published in the points. regulatory evaluation as the anticipated Chart Supplement. The Rule impact is so minimal. Since this is a routine matter that will only affect air Paragraph 6005 Class E Airspace Areas This amendment to Title 14 Code of Extending Upward From 700 Feet or More traffic procedures and air navigation, it Above the Surface of the Earth. Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 71 is certified that this rule, when * * * * * modifies Class D airspace at Buchanan promulgated, would not have a Field extending upward from the significant economic impact on a AWP CA E5 Concord, CA surface to and including 2,500 feet MSL substantial number of small entities Buchanan Field, CA within a 2.6-mile radius of the airport under the criteria of the Regulatory (Lat. 37°59′23″ N, long. 122°03′25″ W) from the 205° bearing from the airport Flexibility Act. That airspace extending upward from 700 clockwise to the 314° bearing, thence Environmental Review feet above the surface within a 4.1-mile extending to a 4.1-mile radius of airport radius of Buchanan Field and within 2.5 ° from the 314 bearing from the airport The FAA has determined that this miles each side of the 009° bearing from the ° clockwise to the 205 bearing of action qualifies for categorical exclusion airport extending from the 4.1-mile radius to Buchanan Field. This Class D airspace under the National Environmental 11 miles north of the airport and within 2.5 ° area is effective during the specific dates Policy Act in accordance with FAA miles each side of the 023 bearing from the and times established in advance by a Order 1050.1F, ‘‘Environmental airport extending from the 4.1-mile radius to 11 miles northeast of Buchanan Field. Notice to Airmen. The effective date and Impacts: Policies and Procedures,’’ time will thereafter be continuously paragraph 5–6.5a. This airspace action Issued in Seattle, Washington, on February published in the Chart Supplement. is not expected to cause any potentially 3, 2020. Additionally, this action establishes significant environmental impacts, and Byron Chew, Class E5 airspace extending upward no extraordinary circumstances exist Group Manager, Western Service Center, from 700 feet above the surface within that warrant preparation of an Operations Support Group. a 4.1-mile radius of Buchanan Field and environmental assessment. [FR Doc. 2020–02448 Filed 2–13–20; 8:45 am] ° within 2.5 miles each side of the 009 BILLING CODE 4910–13–P bearing from the airport extending from List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 71 the 4.1-mile radius to 11 miles north of Airspace, Incorporation by reference, the airport, and within 2.5 miles each Navigation (air). ° DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND side of the 023 bearing from the airport SECURITY extending from the 4.1-mile radius to 11 Adoption of the Amendment miles northeast of Buchanan Field. In consideration of the foregoing, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Further, this action removes the Federal Aviation Administration Concord VOR/DME and the associated amends 14 CFR part 71 as follows: DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY extensions from the legal description to simplify how the airspace is described. PART 71—DESIGNATION OF CLASS A, 19 CFR Part 12 Lastly, this action removes the city B, C, D, AND E AIRSPACE AREAS; AIR listed before the airport name in the TRAFFIC SERVICE ROUTES; AND [CBP Dec. 20–03] legal description header information to REPORTING POINTS comply with airspace policy guidance. RIN 1515–AE52 ■ 1. The authority citation for 14 CFR Class D and Class E5 airspace Import Restrictions Imposed on part 71 continues to read as follows: designations are published in Archaeological and Ethnological paragraphs 5000, and 6005, Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40103, Material From respectively, of FAA Order 7400.11D, 40113, 40120; E.O. 10854, 24 FR 9565, 3 CFR, dated August 8, 2019, and effective 1959–1963 Comp., p. 389. AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border September 15, 2019, which is Protection, Department of Homeland § 71.1 [Amended] incorporated by reference in 14 CFR Security; Department of the Treasury. ■ 71.1. The Class D and Class E airspace 2. The incorporation by reference in ACTION: Final rule. designations listed in this document 14 CFR 71.1 of FAA Order 7400.11D, will be published subsequently in the Airspace Designations and Reporting SUMMARY: This final rule amends the Order. FAA Order 7400.11, Airspace Points, dated August 8, 2019, and U.S. Customs and Border Protection

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(CBP) regulations to reflect the by the Cultural Property Advisory Restrictions and Amendment to the imposition of import restrictions on Committee, made the determinations Regulations certain archaeological and ethnological required under the statute with respect In accordance with the Agreement, material from Ecuador. These to certain archaeological and importation of material designated restrictions are being imposed pursuant ethnological material originating in below is subject to the restrictions of 19 to an agreement between the United Ecuador that are described in the U.S.C. 2606 and § 12.104g(a) of title 19 States and Ecuador that has been designated list set forth below in this of the Code of Federal Regulations (19 entered into under the authority of the document. CFR 12.104g(a)) and will be restricted Convention on Cultural Property These determinations include the from entry into the United States unless Implementation Act. The final rule following: (1) That the cultural the conditions set forth in 19 U.S.C. amends CBP regulations by adding patrimony of Ecuador is in jeopardy 2606 and § 12.104c of the CBP Ecuador to the list of countries which from the pillage of archaeological or regulations (19 CFR 12.104c) are met. have a bilateral agreement with the ethnological material representing CBP is amending § 12.104g(a) of the CBP United States that imposes cultural Ecuador’s cultural heritage dating from Regulations (19 CFR 12.104g(a)) to property import restrictions. The final approximately 12,000 B.C. up to 250 indicate that these import restrictions rule also contains the designated list years old, including material starting in have been imposed. that describes the types of the Pre-ceramic period and going into Import restrictions listed at 19 CFR archaeological and ethnological material the Colonial period (19 U.S.C. 12.104g(a) are effective for no more than to which the restrictions apply. 2602(a)(1)(A)); (2) that the Ecuadorean five years beginning on the date on DATES: Effective February 12, 2020. government has taken measures which the Agreement enters into force FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For consistent with the Convention to with respect to the United States. This legal aspects, Lisa L. Burley, Chief, protect its cultural patrimony (19 U.S.C. period may be extended for additional Cargo Security, Carriers and Restricted 2602(a)(1)(B)); (3) that import periods of not more than five years if it Merchandise Branch, Regulations and restrictions imposed by the United is determined that the factors which Rulings, Office of Trade, (202) 325– States would be of substantial benefit in justified the Agreement still pertain and 0300, ot-otrrculturalproperty@ deterring a serious situation of pillage no cause for suspension of the cbp.dhs.gov. For operational aspects, and remedies less drastic are not Agreement exists. Pursuant to the MOU, Genevieve S. Dozier, Management and available (19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1)(C)); and the import restrictions entered into force Program Analyst, Commercial Targeting (4) that the application of import upon delivery of the U.S. diplomatic and Analysis Center, Trade Policy and restrictions as set forth in this final rule note to Ecuador on May 22, 2019. Programs, Office of Trade, (202) 945– is consistent with the general interests Therefore, the import restrictions will 2942, [email protected]. of the international community in the expire on May 22, 2024, unless extended. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: interchange of cultural property among nations for scientific, cultural, and Designated List of Archaeological and Background educational purposes (19 U.S.C. Ethnological Material of Ecuador The Convention on Cultural Property 2602(a)(1)(D)). The Assistant Secretary also found that the material described in The Agreement includes, but is not Implementation Act, Public Law 97– limited to, the categories of objects 446, 19 U.S.C. 2601 et seq. (‘‘the the determinations meets the statutory definition of ‘‘archaeological or described in the designated list set forth Cultural Property Implementation Act’’) below. Importation of material on this ethnological material of the State Party’’ implements the 1970 United Nations list is restricted unless the material is (19 U.S.C. 2601(2)). Educational, Scientific and Cultural accompanied by documentation Organization (UNESCO) Convention on The Agreement certifying that the material left Ecuador the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing legally and not in violation of the export the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of On May 22, 2019, the United States laws of Ecuador. Ownership of Cultural Property and Ecuador entered into a bilateral The designated list includes (hereinafter, ‘‘the Convention’’ (823 agreement, ‘‘Memorandum of archaeological and ethnological U.N.T.S. 231 (1972))). Pursuant to the Understanding between the Government material. Archaeological material of Cultural Property Implementation Act, of the United States of America and the ceramic, stone, , and organic tissue the United States entered into a bilateral Government of the Republic of Ecuador ranges in date from approximately agreement with Ecuador to impose Concerning the Imposition of Import 12,000 B.C. to A.D. 1769, which is 250 import restrictions on certain Restrictions on Categories of years from the signing of the Agreement. Ecuadorean archaeological and Archaeological and Ethnological Ethnological material includes Colonial ethnological material. This rule Material of Ecuador’’ (‘‘the Agreement’’), period ecclesiastical paintings, announces that the United States is now pursuant to the provisions of 19 U.S.C. sculpture, furniture, metalwork, textiles, imposing import restrictions on certain 2602(a)(2). The Agreement enables the documents, and manuscripts. In archaeological and ethnological material promulgation of import restrictions on addition, ethnological material includes from Ecuador. categories of archaeological and secular Colonial period paintings, ethnological material representing documents, and manuscripts. Determinations Ecuador’s cultural heritage that are at Under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(1), the least 250 years old, dating as far back as Additional Resource United States must make certain the Pre-ceramic period (approximately National Institute of Cultural determinations before entering into an 12,000 B.C.) through the Formative, Patrimony, Ecuador, Guı´a de agreement to impose import restrictions Regional development, Integration, and identificacio´ n de bienes culturales under 19 U.S.C. 2602(a)(2). On October Inka periods and into the Colonial patrimoniales (Guide for identification 19, 2018, the Assistant Secretary for period. A list of the categories of of cultural patrimony goods) (2d ed. Educational and Cultural Affairs, United archaeological and ethnological material 2011), http://patrimoniocultural.gob.ec/ States Department of State, after subject to the import restrictions is set guia-de-identificacion-de-bienes- consultation with and recommendation forth later in this document. culturales-patrimoniales/.

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Categories of Materials 1. Chipped stone tools—Projectile modelling, etc. Pre-Columbian vessels I. Archaeological Material points and tools for scraping, cutting, or are never glazed; shiny surfaces are A. Stone perforating are made primarily from created only by burnishing. Pre- B. Ceramic basalt, quartzite, chert, chalcedony, or Columbian potters did not use a pottery C. Metal and are 5–8 cm long. wheel, so vessels do not have the D. Bone, Shell, and Other Organic Tissue 2. Polished stone tools—Axes or hoes regular striations or perfectly spherical II. Ethnological Material are typically made in basalt or andesite shapes characteristic of wheel-made A. Paintings and are about 12 cm long and 8–9 cm pottery. Examples of archaeological B. Sculpture wide with a cutting edge on one end ceramic objects covered in the C. Furniture and a flat or slightly grooved edge with Agreement include the following D. Metalwork ‘‘ears’’ on the other side to attach a objects: E. Textiles handle. Some axes have a hole used to 1. Vessels—There are three basic F. Documents and Manuscripts attach the handle with cord. Ceremonial types of vessels: Plates, bowls, and jars. I. Archaeological Material axes are highly polished and lack use Forms and decoration vary among archaeological styles and over time. Archaeological material covered by marks. Hooks, in the shape of small anvils or birds, and weights for spear- Some of the most well-known types are the Agreement is associated with the throwers (i.e., atlatls) are made from highlighted below. diverse cultural groups that resided in quartzite, chalcedony, and serpentine. a. Plates have flat or slightly convex this region from the earliest human Mace heads and stone shields are made bases, occasionally with annular settlement of the Pre-ceramic period and from polished stone. support. Rims are everted, inverted, or into the Colonial period (approximately 3. Receptacles—Polished stone bowls vertical, sometimes with zoomorphic 12,000 B.C. to A.D. 1769). may be undecorated or decorated with modelled applique´ or masks on the Approximate Chronology of Well- incisions or notches about 10–20 cm in exterior. The interior surface is often Known Archaeological Styles diameter. Mortars made from volcanic painted with geometric, rock may be undecorated or carved in anthropomorphic, or zoomorphic (a) Pre-ceramic period: El Cubila´n the shape of animals, including felines designs (e.g., Carchi style plates). Most (12,606 B.C.), Montequinto (11,858 (e.g., Valdivia style mortars). Inka style plates from Tomebamba have B.C.), Las Mercedes (11,500 B.C.), El 4. Ornaments—Beads are made of handles and vertical walls without Inga (11,000 B.C.), Guagua Canoayacu , , and other stone. interior paint and some are flat with (9905 B.C.), Gran Cacao (9386 B.C.), Round or oval obsidian mirrors are handles in the form of a bird or llama. Chobshi (9000–6500 B.C.), and Las relatively thin with one unworked side Napo culture platters (fuentes) often Vegas (8800–4500 B.C.). and one polished side. and ear have polychrome designs. (b) Formative period: Valdivia (3800– plugs are made from quartz or obsidian. b. Bowls and cups may have everted 1500 B.C.), Mayo Chinchipe (3000–2000 5. Figurines—Valdivia style human or inverted rims, and they may have B.C.), Cerro Narrio (2000–400 B.C.), figurines are small (3–5 cm tall) and annular or polypod bases. Interior and/ Cotocollao (1800–350 B.C.), Machalilla range from simple plaques to detailed or exterior decorations may be made (1600–800 B.C.), and Chorrera (1000– three-dimensional statuettes. These with incisions, negative painting, 100 B.C.). figurines are made from calcium iridescent paint, etc. Bowls with (c) Regional development period: La carbonate and often combine feminine pedestal bases are known as Tolita (600 B.C.–A.D. 400), Tiaone (600 and masculine attributes. Quitu- compoteras. Carchi style compoteras B.C.–A.D. 400), Bahı´a (500 B.C.–A.D. Chaupicruz monoliths are stone posts have anthropomorphic and zoomorphic 650), Cosanga (500 B.C.–A.D. 1532), up to 90 cm tall with tapered bases negative paint designs. A llipta box or Jama Coaque I (350 B.C.–A.D. 100), topped with anthropomorphic figures. is a very small bowl decorated Upano (300 B.C.–A.D. 500), and 6. Sculpture—Terminal Valdivia style with incisions or paint in round, Guangala (100 B.C.–A.D. 800). rectangular or square plaques and zoomorphic, or anthropomorphic (d) Integration period: Puruha´ (A.D. blocks are made of white or gray shapes. [Note: Llipta is a mixture of lime 300–1500), Can˜ ari (A.D. 400–1500), volcanic tuff or other stone with smooth and/or ash used when chewing coca Atacames (A.D. 400–1532), Jama-Coaque faces or faces decorated with lines or leaves.] Related to bowls, cups may II (A.D. 400–1532), Milagro Quevedo circles depicting human or avian have everted rims (e.g., Azuay style and (A.D. 400–1532), Manten˜ o-Huancavilca imagery. Manten˜ o style seats are Can˜ ar style cups and Inka keros) or (A.D. 500–1532), Pasto (A.D. 700–1500), monolithic sculptures with U-shaped inverted rims (e.g., Puruha´ style Napo (A.D. 1200–1532), and Caranqui seats resting on zoomorphic, timbales). Milagro-Quevedo style tripod (A.D. 1250–1500). anthropomorphic, or undecorated or pedestal bowls known as cocinas de (e) Inka period: A.D. 1470–1532. pedestals on a rectangular base. brujos sometimes have handles and are (f) Colonial period: A.D. 1532–1822. often decorated with modelled reliefs of B. Ceramic snake heads, toads, serpents, and nude A. Stone The earliest-known pottery in human figures. Early chipped stone tools mark the Ecuador dates to the Formative period c. Jars are globular vessels with short appearance of the first people to inhabit (about 4400 B.C.). Highly skilled potters necks, sometimes with exterior the region and continued to be used in the region created diverse and decoration on the entire vessel or only throughout history. Polished stone axes elaborate vessels, figurines, sculptural on the upper half. Jars sometimes have became common in the Formative pottery, musical instruments, and other feet, usually three. Bottles are a type of period. Highly skilled stoneworkers utilitarian and ceremonial items. jar with a long spout attached to the created elaborately carved mortars, Ceramics vary widely between body by a handle. Some bottles have figurines, seats, and other items for use archaeological styles. Decorations stirrup handles. Some bottles have an in daily and ceremonial life. Examples include paint (red, black, white, green, interior mechanism that regulates of archaeological stone objects covered and beige) or surface decorations such movement of air and liquid to create a in the Agreement include the following as incisions, excisions, punctations, whistling sound. Very large jars are objects: combing, fingernail marks, corrugations, called ca´ ntaros. Ca´ ntaros have wide

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mouths and typically have convex or hunters carrying or slaughtering their zoomorphic motifs. Small conical clay conical bases; in a few cases, bases are prey, masked figures, dancers with spindle whorls called torteros or flat and small. Carchi style ca´ ntaros or wings or fancy dress, and characters in fusaiolas have similar designs and a botijuelas are ovoid in shape, have long costumes that indicate privileged hole in the middle to be attached to a necks, are decorated with red or status). spindle. negative paint, and sometimes have a d. Figurines from Bahı´a are generally 6. Beads—Beads are small round modelled human face attached to the medium-sized (about 25 cm tall). The pieces of ceramic with polished edges neck. Puruha´ style ca´ ntaros are rounder, ‘‘giants of Bahı´a’’ are up to 50 cm tall and a hole in the center. with bodies covered in negative paint and typically depict shaman figures or 7. Graters—Graters are long thin designs and an everted rectilinear neck elite personages seated cross-legged or plates, often in the shape of a fish, with that is usually decorated with handles standing with elaborate attire, a concentration of embedded sharp and a modelled human face. Chicha jars adornment, and headdresses. They often stones on one side for scraping or or tinajas are very large, usually exhibit a adorned with a one grating. Some scrapers lack embedded undecorated jars. Funerary urns may be to three white tusk-like ornaments. stones but are decorated with deep various sizes depending on whether e. Tolita figurines include individuals incisions in the scraping surface. Bowls they contained skeletal remains or of high status and representations of occasionally contain embedded scraping ashes. There are two types of Napo style daily life as well as anthropomorphic stones. funerary urns with polychrome figures with mammal or bird heads. 8. Neck rests—Bahı´a style and Jama- decorations: Large, elongated vessels Tolita style heads and small figures Coaque style neck rests, called with a bulge at the base and without slip and detailed facial descansanucas, are made from a slightly anthropomorphic, ceramic statues. Inka expressions are common. Some hollow concave, rectangular, ceramic slab style arı´balos have long necks with heads have perforations and may have resting on a pedestal made from a flat everted rims and bulging bodies with been suspended from cords, similar to slab of the same size supporting two handles near the base, a modelled the tzantzas (shrunken heads) of the columns or a wide pillar in the shape of zoomorphic knob near the neck, and a Shuar. a house or human face. pointed base. Imperial style arı´balos f. Manten˜ o style figurines are 9. House models—House models, or have primarily geometric, polychrome standardized with polished, black maquetas, from the coastal region have painting. Local style arı´balos have the surfaces, almost always standing and slightly concave roofs and walls that same shape but are roughly made and with body adornments. There are some rest on a base that contains stairs and, undecorated. seated figures, including Manten˜ o style sometimes, human figures guarding the 2. Figurines—Figurine manufacturing incense burners depicting men, entrance. In some cases, the interior was common in pre-Columbian apparently entranced, with wide plates columns supporting the roof are visible. Ecuador. Anthropomorphic figurines are on their heads and elaborate incisions These are typically found in the Jama- solid or hollow clay with diverse depicting body tattoos. Coaque and La Tolita cultures, and representations of the body. The size of g. Carchi coquero figurines depict a many of them are functioning bottle the figurines varies from less than 10 cm seated individual in a hallucinogenic forms used in drinking rituals. In the tall to statues over 50 cm tall. Some of trance with a bulging cheek indicating northern highlands, models of round the best-known types are described that the individual is chewing coca. The houses represent typical domestic below: bulging cheek is also common in structures of the region. a. Valdivia style ceramic ‘‘Venus Cosanga figurines from Amazonia. Other C. Metal figures’’ are small, female figurines in figurines from Amazonia are rough and fired clay with detailed treatment of the their typology is not well known. Objects of , , , torso and head. Machalilla and Chorrera 3. Musical instruments—During the , and tumbaga (an of copper figures are larger (up to 40 cm) and Integration period, flutes—typically and gold) were common in pre- usually mold-made and decorated with with four finger holes—were common in Columbian Ecuador. Several pre- white slip and red painted designs with the northern Sierra. Throughout the Columbian cultures practiced humans (more often women than men) coast and highlands, whistles in human metalwork on the coast (e.g., Guangala, depicted in the nude with arms by the or animal form, frequently birds, were Bahı´a, Jama-Coaque, La Tolita, Manten˜ o side or slightly raised. common. Ceramic whistles in the form and Milagro-Quevedo), in the highlands b. Low-relief, mold-made figurines of sea shells (sometimes called ocarinas) (e.g., Capulı´, Piartal, Puruha´ and were common, including Chorrera style are often decorated with geometric, Can˜ ari), and in Amazonia (e.g., figurines in zoomorphic and anthropomorphic, and zoomorphic Cosanga). The Inka introduced , phytomorphic shapes (e.g., squashes, designs. an alloy of copper and tin. Metallurgists babacos, monkeys, canines, opossums, 4. Masks—Human and zoomorphic were skilled at creating alloys and gold- felines, and birds). masks made of clay, shell, and metal and copper-. Objects were made c. Guangala style and Jama-Coaque with varied facial expressions were by using melted metal or hammering style figurines use modeled clay to common in pre-Columbian Ecuador. metal sheets. Parts of compound objects depict body adornments or clothing of Many masks have small holes along the were made separately and assembled men and women. Bodies and ornaments upper edge so that they can be mechanically. Examples of may be painted black, green, red, or suspended as pectorals. Rectangular, archaeological metal objects covered in yellow. Jama-Coaque figurines, some up clay plaques depicting humans, the Agreement include the following to 30 cm tall, with abundant molded sometimes in erotic motifs, have similar objects: decorations and rich painting depict holes for suspension. 1. Tools—Chisels are flat copper individuals’ occupations and social 5. Stamps—Stamps are made from strips about 7 cm long and are beveled statuses (e.g., seated shamans with llipta solid clay, including cylindrical roller on one end. Copper needles vary in size boxes, farmers with bags of seeds and stamps and flat stamps with a small from 3 to 8 cm long. There are also digging sticks, warriors with helmets, handle on one side. Low relief copper fish hooks, cylindrical punches, spear-throwers and shields, seated geometric designs include stylized and long-handled spoons. Functional jewelry makers with jewels in their laps, anthropomorphic, phytomorphic, and copper axes are similar in shape to stone

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axes. Ceremonial copper axes lack a 1. Tools—Sharp bone awls are made paintings depicting racial cutting edge, are sometimes silver from long bones and are often fired to classifications used in the Spanish plated, and are decorated on both faces strengthen them. Various bone tools colonial empire. used for weaving include spatulas, in high and low relief, often in B. Sculpture geometric designs. needles, combs, shuttles, pick-up sticks, A tumi is a type of axe with a long etc. Ritual long-handled spoons are Ecclesiastical sculpture from the handle and a semicircular or rectilinear made from bone. Spoons also are made Colonial period includes images of blade. Axe-monies (hachas monedas) from shell. Shell fish hooks are 3–5 cm religious content carved in wood during are thin, axe-shaped sheets of arsenical in diameter. the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. copper that are 7–8 cm long and often 2. Musical instruments—Flutes and Sculpture may also incorporate silver, found in bundles or carefully grouped. whistles with a single finger-hole are gold, bronze, gesso, vegetal 2. Body ornaments—Copper ear made from bone. Large gastropod sea (tagua), ivory, porcelain, glass eyes, or piercers may have a hollow handle to shells (e.g., Strombus sp.) were used as human hair. School artists facilitate insertion of the post. Gold, trumpets beginning in Early Valdivia produced the finest and most sought- silver, and copper and diadems times (around 3000 B.C.). after sculpture in Colonial period Latin America. Quito School 18th-century are decorated with engraved or 3. Body ornaments—Ornamental sculptures are the most famous, embossed designs. Pre-Columbian clothing pins (tupos or tupus) made including works by Manuel Chili, also people in the region used a wide variety from bone usually are topped with a known as Caspicara. Examples of of nose ornaments including oval or zoomorphic ornament. Shell , ethnological sculpture covered in the circular plates open at the top for nose rings, and small earrings are Agreement include, but are not limited insertion into the nasal septum, common. Ucuyayas are human figures made from shell. to, the following objects: ornaments with tubular bodies, and 1. Ecclesiastical statues— scroll or zoomorphic ornaments. Solid 4. Human remains—Skeletal remains, soft tissue, and ash from the human Ecclesiastical statues carved in wood or hollow ear ornaments, sometimes represent virgins, saints, crucified with hanging decorations, and labrets body may be preserved in burials and other contexts. Christ, baby Jesus, angels and are also common. Concave copper disc archangels, and figures for nativity pectorals with embossed human faces II. Ethnological Material scenes. The images are usually life-size. often have holes at the mouth suggesting Ethnological material covered by the Most statues include the body, face, the existence of a tongue that would Agreement includes Colonial period hands, and clothing sculpted in wood. have functioned as a rattle. Ornamental ecclesiastical paintings, sculpture, To give the flesh a luminescent, life-like clothing pins (tupos or tupus) made of furniture, metalwork, textiles, appearance, artists used the technique copper, silver, and gold are topped with documents, and manuscripts. In of encarnacio´ n, a process of painting, a circular or semicircular plate. Gold addition, ethnological material includes varnishing, and sanding the sculpture masks are made of embossed thin gold secular Colonial period paintings, several times. Clothing is decorated in sheets. Some masks are a single piece of documents, and manuscripts. Quito high relief using techniques such as gold, others have additional elements School artists incorporated into mostly graffito and estofado that includes such as diadems, , and religious art of the layering of paint, lacquer, and gold or platinum eyes. vary and often particularities of the Andes such as silver leaf. Other statues include only combine metal, Spondylus shell, and local costumes, indigenous customs, carved face and hands attached to a semi-precious stones. local flora and fauna, and placement simple wood frame that is covered in 3. Weapons—Bronze star-shaped within the Andean countryside or cities. robes made from fabric, brocade, or mace heads typically have six points. cloth stiffened with gum or paste. Most A. Paintings Spear or lance points are made from statues have silver accessories; in the silver sheets rolled into cones leaving a Colonial period paintings are made on case of the Virgin Mary, these hole for the shaft. Manten˜ o style spear canvas, copper, marble, or wood panels. accessories may be halos or coronas, or lance points have a hollow, Pigments are typically made from small hearts crossed by a dagger, or cylindrical stem to attach the shaft. Gold pulverized minerals mixed with linseed earrings or other jewelry. and silver helmets were made for high- or almond oil. Early 16th-century 2. Ecclesiastical relief carvings—Low ranking individuals or ceremonial use. paintings use muted color palates of reliefs or nearly flat sculptures depict 4. Figurines—Small Inka style reddish browns and grays. By the 18th saints. figurines depict male, female, and century, paintings display greater 3. Portable altars or triptychs—Small animal figures in solid gold or silver. movement, illumination, and color, altars of gilded wood or different- D. Bone, Shell, and Other Organic including intense blues, reds, and colored wood close like boxes, and Tissue greens. Some paintings are decorated smaller religious sculptures are stored with gold leaf rays, stars, or floral inside. Ceremonial use and trade of designs. Most paintings are anonymous C. Furniture Spondylus princeps, a bivalve mollusk works, but a few are signed. Examples native to the coastal Pacific Ocean from of ethnological paintings covered in the Colonial period ecclesiastical modern Panama to the Gulf of Agreement include, but are not limited furniture was created by teams of Guayaquil, began during the Formative to, the following objects: designers, carpenters, cabinetmakers, period. Although preservation of 1. Colonial period ecclesiastical and craftspeople specializing in leather, organic material is poor in most of paintings—Ecclesiastical paintings veneers, or inlaid wood. Additionally, Ecuador, utilitarian tools, instruments, depict religious subjects including these teams of artisans included carvers, and body ornaments made in bone, Christ, saints, virgins, angels, bishops, weavers, bronze smiths, locksmiths, and shell, and other materials may be found. popes, and others. artistic blacksmiths. Examples of Examples of archaeological organic 2. Colonial period secular paintings— ecclesiastical ethnological furniture objects covered in the Agreement Secular paintings include landscapes, covered in the Agreement include, but include the following objects: portraits, allegorical paintings, and are not limited to, the following objects:

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1. Altarpieces or retablos—Elaborate 2. Coverings and hangings—Textiles Executive Orders 12866 and 13771 ornamental structures placed behind the used for liturgical celebrations include altar include attached paintings, altar cloths, towels, and tabernacle veils. CBP has determined that this sculptures, or other religious objects. document is not a regulation or rule 2. Reliquaries and coffins—Containers F. Documents and Manuscripts subject to the provisions of Executive made from wood, glass, or metal hold Original handwritten texts or printed Order 12866 or Executive Order 13771 and exhibit sacred objects or human texts of limited circulation made during because it pertains to a foreign affairs remains. the Colonial period are primarily on function of the United States, as 3. Church furnishings—Furnishings paper, parchment, and vellum. They described above, and therefore is used for liturgical rites include pulpits, include books, single folios, or specifically exempted by section 3(d)(2) tabernacles, lecterns, confessionals, collections of related documents bound of Executive Order 12866 and section pews, choir stalls, chancels, baldachins, with string. Documents may contain a 4(a) of Executive Order 13771. and palanquins. wax, clay, or ink seals or stamps Signing Authority D. Metalwork denoting a public or ecclesiastical institution. Seals may be affixed to the This regulation is being issued in Colonial period ecclesiastical objects accordance with 19 CFR 0.1(a)(1) made of silver, gold, and other document or attached with cords or ribbons. Because many of these pertaining to the Secretary of the were crafted in ’ workshops Treasury’s authority (or that of his/her for use in religious ceremonies. Designs documents are of institutional or official nature, they may have multiple delegate) to approve regulations related relate to the Eucharist, such as the Lamb to customs revenue functions. of God, a fish, a dove, a cross, fruit, and signatures, denoting scribes, witnesses, vine leaves. These ecclesiastical metal and other authorities. Documents are List of Subjects in 19 CFR Part 12 objects incorporate precious stones and generally written in Spanish, but may be jewels. Examples of ecclesiastical composed in an indigenous language Cultural property, Customs duties and ethnological metalwork covered in the such as Quichua. Examples of inspection, Imports, Prohibited Agreement include, but are not limited ethnological documents and merchandise, Reporting and to, the following objects: manuscripts covered in the Agreement recordkeeping requirements. 1. Sacred vessels—Pyxes, goblets, include, but are not limited to, the Amendment to CBP Regulations chalices, and patens were commonly following objects: used for religious ceremonies. Urns and 1. Colonial period ecclesiastical For the reasons set forth above, part custodia (monstrances) were used to documents and manuscripts—These 12 of title 19 of the Code of Federal display the communion wafer. include religious texts, hymnals, and Regulations (19 CFR part 12) is 2. Altar furnishings—Candlesticks, church records. amended as set forth below: candelabra, and processional or 2. Colonial period secular documents PART 12—SPECIAL CLASSES OF stationary crosses were used in religious and manuscripts—These include, but MERCHANDISE ceremonies. Decorative plaques were are not limited to, notary documents affixed to altars. (e.g., wills, bills of sale, contracts) and ■ 3. Statue accoutrements—Crowns, documents of the city councils, 1. The general authority citation for radiations, wings, garment pins, and Governorate of New Castile, Royal part 12 and the specific authority jewelry adorned many ecclesiastical Audience of Quito, , citation for § 12.104g continue to read as statues. Viceroyalty of New Granada, or the follows: E. Textiles . Authority: 5 U.S.C. 301; 19 U.S.C. 66, 1202 (General Note 3(i), Harmonized Tariff Textiles used to perform religious Inapplicability of Notice and Delayed Schedule of the United States (HTSUS)), services are often made from fine cotton Effective Date 1624. or silk and may be embroidered with * * * * * metallic or silk thread, brocades, prints, This amendment involves a foreign affairs function of the United States and Sections 12.104 through 12.104i also lace, fabrics, braids, and bobbin lace. issued under 19 U.S.C. 2612; Examples of textiles covered in the is, therefore, being made without notice * * * * * Agreement include, but are not limited or public procedure (5 U.S.C. 553(a)(1)). to, the following objects: For the same reason, a delayed effective ■ 2. In § 12.104g, the table in paragraph 1. Religious vestments—Garments date is not required under 5 U.S.C. (a) is amended by adding Ecuador to the worn by the priest and/or other 553(d)(3). list in alphabetical order to read as ecclesiastics include cloaks, tunics, Regulatory Flexibility Act follows: surplices, chasubles, dalmatics, albs, amices, stoles, maniples, cinctures, Because no notice of proposed § 12.104g Specific items or categories rochets, miters, bonnets, and humeral rulemaking is required, the provisions designated by agreements or emergency actions. veils complemented by the so-called of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 blancos or ‘‘whites.’’ U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do not apply. (a) * * *

State party Cultural property Decision No.

******* Ecuador ...... Archaeological and ethnological material representing Ecuador’s cultural heritage that is at least CBP Dec. 20–03. 250 years old, dating from the Pre-ceramic (approximately 12,000 B.C.), Formative, Regional development, Integration, Inka periods and into the Colonial period to A.D. 1769.

*******

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* * * * * multiplier for 2020 is 1.01764, based on Unfunded Mandates Reform Act the Consumer Price Index for the month Mark A. Morgan, This final rule does not impose an of October 2019, not seasonally unfunded mandate of more than $100 Acting Commissioner, U.S. Customs and adjusted. Border Protection. million per year on state, local, or tribal Pursuant to this guidance, the governments or the private sector. The Approved: February 11, 2020. Commission has calculated the annual Timothy E. Skud, rule also does not have a significant or adjustment level of the civil monetary unique effect on state, local, or tribal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Department of penalty contained in 25 CFR 575.4 the Treasury. governments or the private sector. (‘‘The Chairman may assess a civil fine, Therefore, a statement containing the [FR Doc. 2020–03118 Filed 2–12–20; 4:15 pm] not to exceed $52,596 per violation, information required by the Unfunded BILLING CODE 9111–14–P against a tribe, management contractor, Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1531 et or individual operating Indian gaming seq.) is not required. for each notice of violation . . .’’). The DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 2020 adjusted level of the civil Takings monetary penalty is $53,524 ($52,596 x Under the criteria in Executive Order National Indian Gaming Commission 1.01764). 12630, this final rule does not affect III. Regulatory Matters individual property rights protected by 25 CFR Part 575 the Fifth Amendment nor does it Regulatory Planning and Review Annual Adjustment of Civil Monetary involve a compensable ‘‘taking.’’ Thus, Penalty To Reflect Inflation This final rule is not a significant rule a takings implication assessment is not under Executive Order 12866. required. AGENCY: National Indian Gaming (1) This rule will not have an effect of Federalism Commission. $100 million or more on the economy or ACTION: Final rule. will not adversely affect, in a material Under the criteria in Executive Order way, the economy, productivity, 13132, this final rule has no substantial SUMMARY: In compliance with the competition, jobs, the environment, direct effect on the states, on the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation public health or safety, or state, local, or relationship between the national Adjustment Act Improvements Act of tribal governments or communities. government and the states, or on the 2015 (the Act) and Office of (2) This rule will not create a serious distribution of power and Management and Budget (OMB) inconsistency or otherwise interfere responsibilities among the various guidance, the National Indian Gaming with an action taken or planned by levels of government. Commission (NIGC or Commission) is another agency. Civil Justice Reform amending its civil monetary penalty (3) This rule does not involve This final rule complies with the rule to reflect an annual adjustment for entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan inflation in order to improve the requirements of Executive Order 12988. programs or the rights or obligations of Specifically, this rule has been reviewed penalty’s effectiveness and maintain its recipients. deterrent effect. The Act provides that to eliminate errors and ambiguity and (4) This regulatory change does not written to minimize litigation. It is the new penalty level must apply to raise novel legal or policy issues. penalties assessed after the effective written in clear language and contains date of the increase, including when the Regulatory Flexibility Act clear legal standards. penalties whose associated violation The Commission certifies that this Consultation With Indian Tribes predate the increase. rule will not have a significant In accordance with the President’s DATES: Effective February 14, 2020. economic effect on a substantial number memorandum of April 29, 1994, FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: of small entities under the Regulatory Government-to-Government Relations Armando J. Acosta, Senior Attorney, Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) with Native American Tribal Office of General Counsel, National because the rule makes annual Governments, Executive Order 13175 Indian Gaming Commission, at (202) adjustments for inflation. (59 FR 22951, November 6, 2000), the 632–7003; fax (202) 632–7066 (not toll- Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Commission has determined that free numbers). Fairness Act consultations with Indian gaming tribes SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: is not practicable, as Congress has This final rule is not a major rule mandated that annual civil penalty I. Background under 5 U.S.C. 804(2), the Small adjustments in the Act be implemented Business Regulatory Enforcement On November 2, 2015, the President no later than January 15th of each year. signed into law the Federal Civil Fairness Act. It will not result in the Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act expenditure by state, local, or tribal Paperwork Reduction Act Improvements Act of 2015 (Sec. 701 of governments, in the aggregate, or by the This final rule does not affect any Public Law 114–74). Beginning in 2017, private sector of $100 million or more information collections under the the Act requires agencies to make in any one year. The rule will not result Paperwork Reduction Act. annual inflationary adjustments to their in a major increase in costs or prices for civil monetary penalties by January 15th consumers, individual industries, National Environmental Policy Act of each year, in accordance with annual federal, state, or local government This final rule does not constitute a OMB guidance. agencies, or geographic regions. Nor will major federal action significantly this rule have significant adverse effects affecting the quality of the human II. Calculation of Annual Adjustment on competition, employment, environment. In December of every year, OMB investment, productivity, innovation, or issues guidance to agencies to calculate the ability of the U.S.-based enterprises Information Quality Act the annual adjustment. According to to compete with foreign-based In developing this final rule, the OMB, the cost-of-living adjustment enterprises. Commission did not conduct or use a

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