Agricultural Resources Evaluation Handbook, Monterey County, California
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California State University, Monterey Bay Digital Commons @ CSUMB Miscellaneous Monterey and San Luis Obispo Salinas River and Carmel River Groundwater County Documents and Reports Basins 3-28-2018 2011 - Agricultural Resources Evaluation Handbook, Monterey County, California Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/hornbeck_cgb_5 Part of the Education Commons, Life Sciences Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation "2011 - Agricultural Resources Evaluation Handbook, Monterey County, California" (2018). Miscellaneous Monterey and San Luis Obispo County Documents and Reports. 26. https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/hornbeck_cgb_5/26 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Salinas River and Carmel River Groundwater Basins at Digital Commons @ CSUMB. It has been accepted for inclusion in Miscellaneous Monterey and San Luis Obispo County Documents and Reports by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ CSUMB. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES EVALUATION HANDBOOK, MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Lettuce packers at the O. O. Eaton Ranch, 1766 San Juan Road, Aromas Prepared By: Prepared For: PAST Consultants, LLC Monterey County Parks Dept. 916 Union St., #304 855 E. Laurel Drive, Building G Alameda, CA 94501 Salinas CA 93905 September 2011 Agricultural Resources Evaluation Handbook, Monterey County, California PAST Consultants, LLC September 2011 AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES EVALUATION HANDBOOK, MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Certified Local Government Grant: 2010 – 2011 Date of Publication: September 2011 Prepared For: Prepared By: Meg Clovis, Cultural Affairs Manager PAST Consultants, LLC Monterey County Parks Department 916 Union St., #304 855 E. Laurel Drive, Building G Alameda, CA 94501 Salinas, CA 93905 The activity which is the subject of this Certified Local Government Grant has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, through the California Office of Historic Preservation. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the California Office of Historic Preservation, nor does mention of trade names of commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the California Office of Historic Preservation. *************************************************************************** Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental federally-assisted programs on the basis of race, color, sex, age, disability, or national origin. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of Federal assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service P.O. Box 37127 Washington, D.C. 20013-7127 Agricultural Resources Evaluation Handbook, Monterey County, California PAST Consultants, LLC September 2011 This page intentionally left blank. Agricultural Resources Evaluation Handbook, Monterey County, California PAST Consultants, LLC September 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................... 1 A. Project Team ....................................................................................................... 1 B. Funding ............................................................................................................... 1 C. Project Description.............................................................................................. 2 1. Project Summary........................................................................................... 2 2. Project Objectives ......................................................................................... 4 3. Project Methodology..................................................................................... 4 a. Historical Research ................................................................................. 5 b. Field Reconnaissance Survey.................................................................. 5 c. Limitations .............................................................................................. 6 4. Project Meetings ........................................................................................... 6 D. Acknowledgments............................................................................................... 7 II. INTRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL DEFINITIONS............................ 9 A. Introduction......................................................................................................... 9 B. What is Agriculture? ........................................................................................... 9 1. Monterey County Code Definitions.............................................................. 9 2. Types of Agriculture ..................................................................................... 11 III. IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES ...... 13 A. Historic Context Statements................................................................................ 13 B. Eligibility Criteria ............................................................................................... 15 1. National Register of Historic Places (NR).................................................... 15 2. California Register of Historical Resources (CR)......................................... 16 3. Monterey County Local Official Register of Historic Resources (MCR) .... 17 4. Other Local Registers Within Monterey County .......................................... 18 C. Historic Integrity ................................................................................................. 18 D. Property Type Registration Requirements: Eligibility Criteria and Integrity Thresholds........................................................................................................... 20 E. Types of Landscapes........................................................................................... 21 1. Natural and Cultural Landscapes.................................................................. 22 2. Rural Historic Landscapes ............................................................................ 23 3. Landscape Characteristics............................................................................. 24 IV. MONTEREY COUNTY AGRICULTURAL HISTORY ................................... 27 A. Introduction......................................................................................................... 27 B. Monterey County ................................................................................................ 27 1. Location and Boundaries .............................................................................. 27 2. Geology and Geography ............................................................................... 28 a. Natural Features ...................................................................................... 28 b. Soils......................................................................................................... 30 3. Climate.......................................................................................................... 31 Agricultural Resources Evaluation Handbook, Monterey County, California PAST Consultants, LLC September 2011 C. Spanish and Mexican Periods (1769–1848): Missions, Land Grants and Extensive Agriculture.......................................................................................... 32 1. Introduction................................................................................................... 32 2. Spanish Period (1769 – 1822) ...................................................................... 33 a. Spanish Missions, Presidios and Pueblos ............................................... 34 b. Transportation Routes ............................................................................. 38 c. Spanish Land Grants ............................................................................... 40 3. Mexican Period (1822 – 1848)...................................................................... 40 a. Mexican Land Grants.............................................................................. 40 b. Adobe Construction and the “Monterey Colonial” Style........................ 41 c. Agricultural Commerce........................................................................... 43 D. Early American Period (ca. 1848–1890): Land Grant Subdivisions, Homesteading and Transitions in Extensive Agriculture.................................... 46 1. Introduction: Statehood, Settlers and Subdivisions ..................................... 46 2. Land Grant Subdivisions............................................................................... 47 3. Homesteading................................................................................................ 53 4. Transitions in Extensive Agriculture............................................................ 55 a. Cattle Ranching....................................................................................... 56 b. Sheep and Other Stock............................................................................ 60 c. Grains .....................................................................................................