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A Socio-Economic Profile of Naya- a Village of Painters and Their Problems and Prospect of Livelihood Pattern

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A Socio-Economic Profile of Naya- a Village of Painters and Their Problems and Prospect of Livelihood Pattern International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 1 A SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF NAYA- A VILLAGE OF PAINTERS AND THEIR PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT OF LIVELIHOOD PATTERN 1) Ayan Kumar Maity 2) Chandralekha Bandyopadhyay (Asst.Teacher) Bansberia Municipal High School M.A. In Geography Department of Geography The University of Burdwan M.A in Geography (Gold Medalist) Burdwan 713104, West Bengal M.Phil (Geography) UGC Net qualified; B.Ed Abstract Naya is a village of scroll painters commonly known as patuas.This art has been practiced since thousand years ago. They are poor and marginal class. This papers attempt to discuss in detailed about Patachitra, their socio economic life geographical environment economic condition cultural identity and problem faced by them in their livelihood pattern with cultural change or erosion. Key Words Patachitra, Patuas, Culture, Crafts men, Natural color Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3369 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 2 Introduction The term “art” denotes a creative expression of artists. Folk-art is a branch of art rooted in tradition that comes from community and culture, developed in folk -groups and folk-societies. The ‘Patachitra’ is a traditional cloth based scroll painting. The word ‘Patachitra’ can be divided into two sub-words- such as ‘Pata’ means ‘cloth’ in Sanskrit and ‘chitra’ means ‘image’. The Patachitra is made by Patuas with the help of natural colors. Patuas sing songs displaying the Patachitra known as ‘Pater Gaan’. Traditionally, the paintings were on mythological stories. The epic scrolls are religions. The paint on stories based on Manasamangal, Ramayana, Krishna and his love for Radha, on Satyapir or Jesus Christ. Many other topics life of tribal people, marriage of fish and stories of wild animals also expressed in their painted frames. Today, Patuas paint scrolls on contemporary social issues ranging from violence against woman of climate change Patachitra was originally an art form of the Santali community. The scrolls are of mainly three types – a) Jarano (rolles) b) Chankosh (Square or rectangular) c) Kalighat (Style of Patuas residing near Kalighat temple of Kolkata) Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3370 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 3 Jarano (rolles) Jarano pot means rolling pots. This pot is mainly used by the patua for sings the poter gaan which creates a deep influence on the folk people. Jarano Pat Chankosh (Square or rectangular) This is mainly used for decoration of house for interior design. Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3371 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 4 Kalighat (Style of Patuas residing near Kalighat temple of Kolkata) This pat is mainly placed in the city of Kolkata for the temple of kali.This patuas started making musk of hindu God and Goddess and later they started making Pat.‘Sara’ pats made of clay used to worship Goddess Kali. Types of Pat Culture Kalighat Pat 10% Chaukosh Pat 25% Jorano Pat 65% The raw materials used to make a piece of traditional Patachitra paintings are – papers, clothes, adhesive and natural color extracted from fruits, flowers, vegetables, leaves and mud. The artist extract red color from saffron, blue from Aparajita, white from kusummati, green from runner beans or Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3372 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 5 brown from Teak leaves ,Gum from wood apple is extracted in coconut sheen and mixed with natural colors and kept in the bright sunlight to darken. The processes involve for formation of Patachitra are – a) Outlines of the paintings are directly drawn on paper with paint and brush. b) The line drawings are filled in with colors. c) A layer of recycled soft fabric is pasted on the reverse side of the paper to make the scroll stronger. d) The paintings are dried naturally. Processes involve for formation of Patachitra Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3373 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 6 Pata Chitra Location The most important Patuas settlement is Naya. It is a village of singing painters who practice the art of Patachitra painting. The geographical location of the study area is 22.16 N and 87.36 E .This is under Pingla P.S, Paschim Medinipur District, and West Bengal. The total geographical area of village is 341.78 sq hectors. Naya has a total population of 3960.There are about 962 houses in Naya. Kharagpur (45km) is nearest town from Naya. Male and female population is 2026 and 1934 persons. Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3374 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 7 Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3375 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 8 Literature review WELCOME TO NAYA VILLAGE Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3376 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 9 1) Das P.K. and Mondal AK. (2012) – The main findings are usefulness of natural dye and conscious of actual need of conservation of indigenous knowledge through natural dye yielding plants. 2) Bajpai L.M. (2012) – The main results are transformation which occurred within representation of the old tradition in modern new media and the issues involved there in. 3) Mondal K. (2015) – The main issues are effect of governmental action and how these artists have forced into the post colonial era especially in the situation of commercialized cash economy in a globalised area. 4) Dutta B.D. (2016) – It deals with methods, raw materials, and processes of Patchitra. It focuses on the transformation of the art from performative to demonstrative. 5) Mukherjee S, Mukherjee M (2016) – They explores the potential of handicraft as a promotional tools for West Bengal Tourism. 6) Mondal K. (2017) – The main findings are economic development of Patna community of Naya with reference to self help groups. 7) Mondal k. (2017) – The main results are to analyse the social customs, rituals and festivals of Patuas of the distinct of Paschim Medinipur. 8) Banik S and Kundu U (2018) – The main analysis are details of Patachitra and problems of their livelihood pattern. 9) Biswas K and Chakraborty P (2018) – The main results are possibilities of Tourism in the context of women empowerment in backward village. Others – Sengupta S, The Patas and Patuas of Bengal, Indian Publication, Calcutta, 1973, Bhattacharjee B, Cultural oscillation (A study on Patua culture), Naya Prakash, Kolkata 1980, Dutta G Patua Sangeet, Calcutta University 1939. Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3377 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 10 Research Question From the literature review, the main gap is socio economic profit of Painters village. All of the studies are related to Patachitra – evolution, history, process, theme, cultural erosion and modernization. But the household survey with reference to socio economic profile from geographical view point is the main question. Objectives The main objectives are as follows – To find out the social economic condition of the Naya village. To examine the geographical environment and their impact on economy of village. To identify the internal characteristics of Folk Art and also its impact upon their livelihood pattern. To access the problems of their livelihood patterns with reference to their main occupation and present dimension. Hypothesis All of the objectives are related to Null hypothesis or no relationship pattern. Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3378 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 11 Methodology and collection Household survey or primary survey is the main working methodology. Almost 71 household are independently survey with questionnaire schedules. Secondary source are collected from different journal, books, office etc.Random sampling as well as GPS survey are the main Design for collection of data from the field area. Data Collection Findings and Discussion Total no. of household of the region is 75. 40% House type is pakka and the remaining 60% is kachha. Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3379 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 12 DIFFERENT HOUSE TYPE 60 40 Pucca Kachha Male population of the study area is Male and female 230and female population is 110 from the population primary survey.Sex ratio of the village is 478 female populations per thousand male. So this reflects imbalance sex ratio of the 32% study area. So therefore it reflects the male Male Female dominated society. 68% 95% population of the village is Muslim and the remaining 5% is Hindu Therefore most of the people of this village are significantly Muslim community. Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3380 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 13 Muslim and Hindu population 95 5 Muslim Hindhu Source: Primary Data Considering caste patter from the primary survey it reflects that 75% Patuas are OBC, 90% GENERAL caste and 6% ST caste. It is very interesting Muslim community people are involved in Hindu religion fact like Manasamongal, Devi durga, Radha Krishna, Ramayana and Mahabharata, Gita etc. Chitrakar by caste General 15% SC 10% OBC 75% Volume VIII, Issue VI, JUNE/2019 Page No:3381 International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124 14 95% people of the village are involved in painting both male and female population of the family.Childrens of Occupational structure the family are also 1% 3%1% engaged in painting with academic study.1.5% people of Painting the village are Jwellary Furniture engaged in jewelry, Agriculture shop and 2.5% are also engaged in 95% furniture making. They are mainly migrated from this village to other.1% people are insignificantly engaged in agricultural. So therefore they are mainly patuas.So the main problems are if their work are not properly sale family income are depressed and it reflect their socio economic life.
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