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Technical Appendices

ʍɽȃɁɨɰӖ Ãƃɽɽȃljʥ9ɁʯljɨӗKȢȈƃȶƃ:ȃƃɥȴƃȶӗ Ãƃɽɽȃljʥӝ9ɨɁɁȟȶljɨӗAƃȶȈljȢÃƃȶǼɁʍƹȈӗ ‰ƃɨɨʰƃɨɁȶɰɁȶӗÃƃɽɽȃljʥyljȈȶƹljɨǼӗ °ƃȶljɽ¶ɨƃɰȶljɨɨɁȶɰɁȶӗ ¸ljɁȶƃɨǁČƃʯlj ÇɁʤljȴƹljɨїѕїѕ © 2020 Brandeis University Maurice and Marilyn Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies www.brandeis.edu/cmjs

The Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies (CMJS), founded in 1980, is dedicated to providing independent, high-quality research on issues related to contemporary Jewish life.

The Cohen Center is also the home of the Steinhardt Social Research Institute (SSRI). Established in 2005, SSRI uses innovative research methods to collect and analyze socio- demographic data on the Jewish community. Table of Contents Appendix A: Methodology ...... 1 Overview ...... 1 1. Sampling Frame ...... 1 2. Sample Design ...... 3 3. Survey Instrument and Data Collection ...... 5 4. Field Procedures ...... 5 5. Data Outcomes ...... 6 6. Population Estimates ...... 7 7. Weighting ...... 11 8. Final Population Estimates ...... 15 9. Analysis ...... 16 10. Margin of Error ...... 18 11. Bias and Limitations ...... 18 12. Qualitative Coding ...... 18 13. Recontact Survey ...... 19 Notes ...... 20 Appendix B. Comparison Charts ...... 21 Appendix C. Latent Class Analysis ...... 106 Appendix D. Codebook ...... 111 Appendix E. Study Documentation ...... 227 Appendix F. Maps ...... 246 1

Appendix A: Methodology

Overview

CMJS/SSRI has developed innovative methods to estimate the size and characteristics of the Pioneer Valley Jewish community. As survey techniques have become more refined, the barriers to reaching respondents have become increasingly difficult to overcome. Researchers typically experience limitations in reaching respondents due to the proliferation of survey research, the prevalence of cell phones, and caller ID/blocking. Low-incidence populations are particularly hard to reach using the traditional method of random digit dialing (RDD) because the likelihood of reaching someone in the target population depends upon the size of that group relative to the population as a whole. To address these barriers, CMJS has utilized a research design that incorporates two innovations:

• Data from an extended sample of email-only respondents • Use of organizational data to correct for sampling bias

The research design for the Pioneer Valley Jewish Community Study utilizes random sampling from an identified frame, or list, of the known population. Local Jewish organizations provided their own lists. These lists were combined with a purchased list of likely Jewish households within the geographic area and were then deduplicated. The combined list constituted the sampling frame from which a primary random sample of households was drawn. Because this primary sample was a random selection from the overall frame, it is assumed to be representative of the entire frame. For that reason, data collected from the random sample were used to estimate overall population characteristics. To supplement the primary random sample, a second sample was drawn from a frame consisting of the remaining households who had an email address on record from one of the organizational lists. Information from these households increased the amount of data available from populations of interest and allowed for more detailed analysis of the characteristics of the community. 1. Sampling Frame

The 2019 Pioneer Valley Jewish Community Study implemented a dual-mode Internet and telephone survey to reach year-round and seasonal residents of the Pioneer Valley, defined for this study as Hampden, Hampshire, and Franklin Counties in Massachusetts. Households residing in the vicinity of Brattleboro, Vermont, or Enfield, Connecticut, who participate in the Jewish community in Pioneer Valley were also included in the study. In the absence of an area probability or RDD frame, we built a sampling frame from the combined mailing lists of Jewish organizations in the Pioneer Valley. The numbers and types of organizations included in the lists are shown in Table A1. 2

Table A1. Composition of strata Number Type Number of organization lists 1 Family 6 organization lists Brattleboro, VT, and Franklin 1 Upper and Hampshire Counties Enfield, CT, and Hampden 1 Lower County 1 Supplement No ZIP Code 2 Young adults 3 organization lists Brattleboro, VT, and Franklin 2 Upper and Hampshire Counties Enfield, CT, and Hampden 2 Lower County 2 Supplement No ZIP Code 3 Adults 11 organization lists Brattleboro, VT, and Franklin 3 Upper and Hampshire Counties Enfield, CT, and Hampden 3 Lower County 3 Supplement No ZIP Code 4 Other lists 3 organization lists Brattleboro, VT, and Franklin 4 Upper and Hampshire Counties Enfield, CT, and Hampden 4 Lower County 4 Supplement No ZIP Code 5 Jewish ethnic names Purchased list from MelissaData Brattleboro, VT, and Franklin 5 Upper and Hampshire Counties Enfield, CT, and Hampden 5 Lower County 3

To find any Jewish-connected households not already known to the organized Jewish community, a list of ethnic Jewish names for possible unidentified Jewish households was purchased from a commercial data broker, MelissaData, and was added to the sample. This list identifies households based on their geography, and then further restricts households to those with Jewish or Hebrew last names and first names. The list, referred to as the “ethnic names list,” consisted of 7,567 households that were identified as likely to include someone who was Hebrew-speaking or Jewish by ethnicity, ethnic group, or religion, and did not appear on an organization’s list; these households represented the “unaffiliated” Jewish community. Households that appeared solely on the ethnic names lists, and not on any organization’s list, were assigned to separate groupings, called “strata,” based on this indicator. The organizational and purchased lists were combined, cleaned, and deduplicated to ensure that no unique household appeared on the list more than once. Households that appeared on multiple lists were placed in the lowest-number strata for which they were eligible; for example, a household appearing on a family list (stratum 1), a young adult list (stratum 2), and the ethnic names list (stratum 5) would be assigned to stratum 1. Households in all the strata were further stratified based on county. Households without any mailing address in strata 1, 2, 3, and 4 were removed from the sampling frame because they could not be fully identified. Households in strata 1, 2, 3, and 4 without a ZIP code were stratified into separate sub-strata and were used only in the supplementary sample. The combined list-based sampling frame consisted of 12,303 households. 2. Sample Design

The sampling frame was divided into 14 strata based on expected characteristics of the household inferred from the household’s appearance on organizational lists and further sub-stratified based on the listed ZIP code into county categories. Households that had no listed ZIP code were sub-stratified into the supplement strata and are treated as part of the supplementary sample. This yielded 14 strata for sampling. The composition of the 14 strata is shown in Table A2. Once the strata assignments were made, a primary sample of 6,275 total potential respondents was randomly selected from across each of the strata (Table A2). The sampling rate of each was designed to account for the expected probability of response to the survey and expected eligibility. Jewish households in the adult list, for example, were expected to be most willing to respond to the survey. The goal of the sampling design was to maximize the representativeness of the achieved sample. Concurrent to the primary sample, a backup sample of 10,973 primary-eligible households was drawn from the remainder of the sampling frame, to be used as needed to ensure the targeted number of completed sample surveys were completed. If the households in the backup sample were not needed for the primary sample to reach the targeted number of completed surveys, they would be treated as part of the supplementary sample. Following the selection of the primary and backup samples, an email-only supplement was identified. This sample frame of 933 households for the email supplement included all households in the email sub-strata that were not selected into the primary sample. In all, 901 of those households were selected into the email-only supplement. The combination of the primary sample, backup sample, and the email-only supplement is referred to as the “full sample.” 4

Table A2. List-based sample size by strata

Frame Primary Backup Supplement Family, Brattleboro, VT, and Franklin and 268 150 90 23 Stratum 1U Hampshire Counties Family, Enfield, CT, and 995 501 375 69 Stratum 1L Hampden County Stratum 1Supp Family, no ZIP code ------185 Young adults, Brattleboro, VT, and Franklin and 258 205 237 7 Stratum 2U Hampshire Counties Young adults, Enfield, CT, 82 65 102 2 Stratum 2L and Hampden County Stratum 2Supp Young adults, no ZIP code ------85 Adults, Brattleboro, VT, and Franklin and 1,192 410 522 106 Stratum 3U Hampshire Counties Stratum 3L Adults, Enfield, CT, and 588 189 462 56 Hampden County Stratum 3Supp Adults, no ZIP code ------60 Other lists, Brattleboro, VT, and Franklin and 804 285 590 43 Stratum 4U Hampshire Counties Other lists, Enfield, CT, 1,711 620 890 96 Stratum 4L and Hampden County Stratum 4Supp Other lists, no ZIP code ------28 Ethnic names, Brattleboro, VT, and Franklin and 3,258 1,955 6,925 44 Stratum 5U Hampshire Counties Ethnic names, Enfield, CT, 3,147 1,895 780 97 Stratum 5L and Hampden County Total 12,303 6,275 10,973 901

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3. Survey Instrument and Data Collection

The survey instrument was designed in collaboration with the advisory committee convened by the Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts. The questions were crafted to minimize potential bias and any burden on respondents. Where possible, questions, language, and definitions were adopted from previously published Jewish community survey questionnaires, allowing for greater confidence in their reliability. The questionnaire was divided into two parts, a screener and the survey itself. The screener section was asked of all respondents to determine eligibility. Any household in the sample was considered eligible if it contained at least one adult aged 18 or older who lived in the Pioneer Valley for at least part of the year and considered themself to be Jewish. Qualifying households proceeded to the main survey, which included sections on basic sociodemographic information, engagement in Jewish life, and perceptions of various aspects of Jewish communal life in the Pioneer Valley. To minimize the burden on respondents, a series of complex skip patterns (“branching”) was created to ensure that respondents were only asked questions that pertained to their specific life situation or experience. The online survey took between 20-30 minutes to complete. Respondents completing the survey over the telephone usually completed it in 25-40 minutes. However, the amount of time required to complete the survey varied depending on household composition and the degree of detail respondents were willing to offer for open-ended questions. The survey and CATI interface were programmed by the University of New Hampshire Survey Center. Two modes of data collection were utilized: online and telephone. The online and telephone instruments were identical – when a survey was completed over the phone, the telephone interviewer would fill out the online version. The survey instrument is presented in the form of a codebook in Appendix D. 4. Field Procedures

Prenotification letters were mailed to the primary sample of 6,275 households on September 11, 2019. These letters explained the purpose of the survey and provided each household with a unique link to complete the survey independently online. Households for which one or more e-mail addresses were available also received these letters electronically on September 11, 2019. A sample of the prenotification letter is shown in Appendix E. A survey invitation was sent to one email address for each household. If email messages “bounced” or were undeliverable, another email address from the same household was substituted if available. After one week, households that had not completed the survey were contacted by telephone. The primary goal of telephone contact was to administer the survey over the phone if the respondent was unable or unwilling to complete the survey online, or if the respondent simply preferred to complete the survey over the phone. If the respondent was unwilling to complete the survey over the phone at the time of the call, he or she was asked for a better time to be called again or for an email address to re-send the link to the survey online. Systematic respondent selection did not take place. The first adult reached in the household was interviewed. Calling began on September 18, 2019, starting with the households for which phone numbers were available but email addresses were not. Calling concluded on December 6, 2019. Ten email reminders were sent for all non-completed surveys during the field period. Data collection was conducted and supervised by UNH, who was responsible for selecting and training callers, supervising and monitoring calling, tracking dispositions, and sending email reminders. Interviewers 6

and supervisors were trained in survey procedures for this specific project, including the study’s sponsor, target population, and eligibility criteria; the survey instrument; pronunciation of Hebrew and Yiddish words; and entering open-ended responses. In addition to survey-specific training, interviewers also receive general training in telephone procedures and interviewing techniques. Only interviewers who had undergone this basic training worked on the project. Interviewers were provided with paper sheets with frequently asked questions and pronunciation guides, names of Jewish organizations and congregations, and background information on selected concepts. Callers made up to 10 attempts (across all phone numbers) to reach all households in the primary sample who did not complete the survey online in response to email requests or who did not have email addresses. Callers offered to conduct survey interviews over the telephone or, if requested, to send the household members their unique link to complete the survey online at their convenience. Households were contacted repeatedly at different days and times to determine whether available contact information was correct. Households whose available contact information was confirmed to be outdated, who had no contact information, and those for whom the status was uncertain were searched in online public records databases to find updated information. CMJS research assistants searched for additional contact information and added phone numbers to the calling list as they were identified. The supplementary sample was conducted as an email-only survey that was not accompanied by prenotification letters or phone calls. The survey instrument for the email sample was identical to the one used for the primary sample. Email invitations were sent to the 11,874 households in the backup and supplementary samples on September 11, 2019, with 10 reminders for non-completed surveys during the field period. Data collection ended on December 16, 2019. A cleaned dataset was prepared by the UNH Survey Center. 5. Data Outcomes

In the overall primary sample, 970 households completed the screener, with 592 screening in and 378 screening out (Table A3). The overall response rate was 42.2% for the primary sample (AAPOR RR4). For the combined list-based sample (primary plus supplement), 1,460 households completed the screener, and of those, 1,042 were screened into the full survey (Table A4). The overall response rate was 29.1% (AAPOR RR4).

Table A3. Outcome rates by strata for overall primary sample (AAPOR) Sample Screened Screened Response Refusal Cooperation Contact Strata Size In Out Rate 4 Rate 2 Rate 1 Rate 2 Stratum 1U 150 58 5 51.0% 9.6% 72.4% 69.3% Stratum 1L 501 128 12 37.4% 24.1% 53.4% 70.1% Stratum 2U 205 53 28 44.1% 17.1% 64.5% 68.3% Stratum 2L 65 13 6 31.0% 27.5% 45.0% 68.9% Stratum 3U 410 115 29 51.7% 11.0% 76.3% 67.3% 7

Stratum 3L 189 47 13 41.8% 21.3% 60.6% 67.9% Stratum 4U 285 40 22 37.9% 17.7% 62.9% 59.3% Stratum 4L 620 30 72 31.7% 27.7% 49.8% 63.7% Stratum 5U 1,955 82 79 47.8% 30.5% 57.4% 82.8% Stratum 5L 1,895 21 117 32.7% 36.5% 44.2% 74.0% Total 6,725 587 383 42.2% 25.4% 57.1% 73.6%

Table A4. Overall outcome rates by sample type Sample Screened Screened Response Refusal Cooperate Contact Strata Size In Out Rate 4 Rate 2 Rate 1 Rate 2 Primary 6,725 587 383 42.2% 25.4% 57.1% 73.6% Supplement 5,481 436 52 8.9% 0% 97.5% 8.9% Total 11,756 1,023 435 29.1% 11.7% 66.1% 43.5%

Fourteen respondents were initially screened into the survey but after inspection of responses were determined to include no Jewish adults or that the adults were Messianic Jews and therefore ineligible for the survey, or lived outside of the catchment area.i An additional 42 respondents screened into the survey but did not complete the household roster, and so were not included in analyses. The final sample consisted of 967 households (Table A5).

Table A5. Pioneer Valley by sample type Primary Supplement Total Eligible households 554 413 967 Ineligible households Screened out + incomplete screener 383 52 435 Incomplete 21 21 42 Reclassified screened out 12 2 14 Total 970 488 1,458

6. Population Estimates

Because the list-based survey cannot produce a reliable population estimate, we use other methods to estimate population size and characteristics. We then use these estimates as targets for the poststratification of the sample. 8

AJPP data synthesis

Since 2005, the American Jewish Population Project (AJPP) at the Steinhardt Social Research Institute (SSRI) has identified and collected hundreds of nationally representative surveys of the US population to produce estimates of the Jewish population in the continental United States, its states, metropolitan areas, and counties (or groups of counties). These estimates provide an independent, external reference for the basic demographic profile of the Jewish population. This population profile serves as a point of reference for the community as a whole and for those who conduct targeted surveys of the population and have no frame of reference for evaluating the representativeness of their survey sample. Details of the methods are reported elsewhere.ii The data synthesis method demonstrates how an auxiliary data source can be constructed to provide independent, census-like estimates of the size and characteristics of the adult Jewish by religion (JBR) population in the U.S. at the county level.iii These estimates of the adult JBR population may then be used to generate new post-stratification weights. These new post-stratification weights are then applied to the targeted study of the Jewish population. Summary of data

The full sample of surveys in the AJPP database spans the years 2000 to 2019, with an additional sample of surveys from 1988 to 1992, for more than 1200 independent samples and a total combined sample size of more than 2.8 million respondents, of whom over 69,000 identify as Jewish by religion. Samples include the American National Election Studies,iv the General Social Survey, Pew political and social surveys, the Gallup Daily Tracking poll,v the Gallup Poll Social Series,vi and the Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES).vii Where a single survey may have included multiple sampling methods or frames (e.g., landline versus cellphone), each is treated as a separate independent sample, with unique identifiers to indicate series membership.viii For surveys that included oversamples, only the representative portion of the samples were included in the analyses unless the oversamples were of groups estimated directly in the population models— for example, age or race—in which case the oversample contributed only to the estimation of that particular group. All of the surveys in the sample provide data on those who identify as Jewish by religion (JBR), which is the largest proportion of the Jewish population and therefore serves as the baseline group for generating population estimates. A smaller number of surveys include assessment of religious upbringing or parents' religious/ethnic identification or non-religious Jewish identification (for instance, “Do you consider yourself Jewish?”), in addition to current religious affiliation.ix Often the religious identification question is asked as “What is your religion? Is it Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, something else, or no religion?” Nearly all include Jewish as one of the discrete options. An increasing number of surveys provide no discrete options, asking simply, “What is your religion, if any?”, and record all self-generated responses to the question. Question wording is recorded to examine whether there are differences in Jewish population estimates across the surveys. Most of the surveys specifically included a “no religion” option (none, non-religious, atheist, or agnostic). Recent research has suggested that the inclusion of none as a specific option increases the proportion of those who identify as “no religion.”x Given that a substantial proportion (up to 25%) of the national Jewish population might identify as no religion when asked about religion, this aspect of question wording was recorded. This is to see if (1) such question wording is associated with lower estimates of Jewish identification by religion, and (2) if higher proportions identifying as “no religion” are associated with lower estimated proportions of Jewish identification overall. 9

The present report is based on a custom analysis of the Pioneer Valley area, which includes the following counties in Western Massachusetts: Franklin, Hampden, and Hampshire. The analysis included data from a subset of 310 national samples that were conducted between the years 2013 and 2019. The subset sample included 3,493 respondents from the area of whom 113 identify as Jewish by religion. Modeling

The full model specification included random effects for demographics and county. Demographic variables include age (18-24; 25-34; 35-44; 45-54; 55-64; 65+), race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White; Non-Hispanic Black; Hispanic; Other), sex (Male/Female), and educational attainment (Non-College/College). These variables mirror the categories used in the national data synthesis model. Pioneer-Valley Jewish population estimates

Results from the model provide overall population estimates as well as estimates of the distribution of Jews by demographic groupings (age, race, county, etc.) for the combined counties in the greater Pioneer Valley area. The overall estimate of the adult population who identify as JBR in the Pioneer Valley area is 12,400 (95% CI: 9,500 to 15,500) corresponding to 2.3 % (95% CI: 1.8% to 3.0%) of the adult population in the same area. The distributions within the adult Jewish population varied by geography. An estimate of 46% of the JBR adults in the Pioneer Valley area live in Hampden County, while 54% leave in the combined area of Franklin and Hampshire Counties. The estimate of the adult population who identify as JBR in Hampden County is 5,700 (95% CI: 4,200 to 7,200) corresponding to 1.6% (95% CI: 1.1% to 2.0%) of the adult population in the same area. The estimate of the adult population who identify as JBR in Franklin and Hampshire Counties is 6,700 (95% CI: 5,300 to 8,400) corresponding to 3.9% (95% CI: 3.1% to 4.8%) of the adult population in the same area. Distributions within the Jewish population varied by age and education. Table A6 presents this information.

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Table A6: 2018 Pioneer Valley Population Estimates for Jewish Adults by Age, Education

All Adults a Jewish Adults b Percentage of all CI: Pop. Adults (CI) Pop. Low CI: Hi

Hampden County 354,100 1.6 (1.2,2.0) 5,700 4,200 7,200

Age

18-24 years 40,100 1.8 (1.2,2.4) 700 500 1,000

25-34 years 62,200 1.3 (0.9,1.8) 800 600 1,100

35-44 years 53,500 1.3 (0.9,1.8) 700 500 1,000

45-54 years 59,400 1.2 (0.9,1.7) 700 500 1,000

55-64 years 63,600 1.8 (1.3,2.3) 1,100 800 1,500

65+ years 75,300 2.1 (1.5,2.7) 1,600 1,200 2,100

Education

Non-College 267,400 0.9 (0.6,1.2) 2,400 1,700 3,100

College Grad 86,600 3.8 (2.8,4.9) 3,300 2,400 4,200

Franklin & Hampshire Counties 172,600 3.9 (3.1,4.8) 6,700 5,300 8,400

Age

18-24 years 22,100 3.7 (2.6,5.0) 800 600 1,100

25-34 years 25,000 3.1 (2.4,4.1) 800 600 1,000

35-44 years 23,600 3.1 (2.3,4.0) 700 500 1,000

45-54 years 27,200 3.1 (2.3,3.9) 800 600 1,100

55-64 years 33,000 4.4 (3.4,5.5) 1,400 1,100 1,800

65+ years 41,700 5.1 (4.0,6.3) 2,100 1,700 2,600

Education

Non-College 106,900 2.0 (1.6,2.6) 2,200 1,700 2,800

College Grad 65,700 6.9 (5.5,8.4) 4,500 3,600 5,500

Notes: a) Source: Census Population Estimates Program, 2018. Adjustment for education made 11

using ACS 2017 and adjustment for household population made using 2010 Census. b) 'Jewish Adults' Includes adults who identify their religion as Jewish.

Estimating the number of JNRs (Jews of no religion)

The next step in estimating the size of the adult Jewish population was to estimate the number of adult JNRs. Estimates of the number of JNRs are not directly available from the data synthesis and must be approximated from other sources. We estimated the number of JNRs based on averages of the ratio from Pew’s 2013 A Portrait of Jewish Americansxi using national, regional, and statewide data and the ratio within the base weights. The resulting proportion of JNRs to total Jewish adults was 0.3555. The resulting target estimates for JBR and JNR adults are shown in Table A7. Table A7: JBR and JNR targets for postestimation JBR Adults JNR Adults Total Franklin and Hampshire Counties 6,700 3,755 10,455 Hampden County 5,700 3,161 8,861

7. Weighting Overview of weighting procedures used

The purpose of developing survey weights for the sample is to adjust the survey data so that they will represent the population from which they were drawn. This is done in two ways: base weights, which are based on sample design, and poststratification weights, which are adjustments to external benchmarks. For base weights, the data are adjusted to match the sampling frame by calculating the strata-specific probabilities of selection into the sample and rates of response. By selectively adjusting weights upward (for respondents from strata in which households were less likely to be selected or to respond) and downward (for respondents from strata in which households were more likely to be selected or to respond), the resulting weights adjust the data to match the frame from which they were drawn. Poststratification, the second phase of weighting, adjusts the data to match known population parameters. In this case, the known parameters that were utilized were the Enhanced RDD estimates of the JBR adult population and their age distribution, and the JNR estimate, as described in the previous section. The numbers of children currently enrolled in Jewish day schools and part-time schools and the numbers of synagogue members are provided by local organizations. After applying the base weights, the sample is adjusted again to match these parameters. This step yields the primary sample weights for households and respondents. The weighted primary sample was used to estimate the size of the adult population for multiple categories of religious identity as well as the distribution of Jewish denominational affiliation.

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For the supplemental sample, base weights were calculated for the email portion of the frame based on differential probability of selection and response. After applying base weights, poststratification weights were calculated to adjust the full sample to the JBR, age, and gender estimates from data synthesis, the number of children in Jewish education, as well as the JNR estimate and denominational affiliation calculated from the primary sample. At the end of the process, a datafile was created with one record per household. In this file, each record has four weights: 1) wtprimhh: the weight of the household for the primary sample 2) wtfullhh: the weight of the household for the full sample 3) wtprimresp: the respondent’s individual weight for the primary sample 4) wtfullresp: the respondent’s individual weight for the full sample

Design and base weights

Base weights were calculated separately for the primary sample and the full sample. Base weights were calculated as the product of the design weight (inverse of the probability of selection into the sample) and the nonresponse weight (inverse of the probability of responding after being selected into the sample). For the primary sample, data were weighted separately within each sub-stratum by the probability of selection into the sample (design weights) and nonresponse. To calculate the design weight, the preliminary frame size was adjusted to account for the presumed ineligibility of a proportion of the households in the sample frame. Ineligible households identified during the data collection period of the survey are those households that are found to be duplicates, deceased, or infirm. The adjusted frame size for each stratum was calculated as: Adjusted frame size = Frame size × (Number eligible households ÷ Number selected households) The design weight for each stratum was calculated as: Design weight = Adjusted frame size ÷ Number eligible households Respondents were those who partially or fully completed the survey. Partial surveys were those in which the screening data were completed (whether the respondent was screened in or out). The nonresponse weight for each stratum was calculated as: Nonresponse weight = Number eligible households ÷ Number respondent households The base weight is calculated by multiplying the design weight by the nonresponse weight: Base weight = Design weight × Nonresponse weight Poststratification

To adjust the sample to account for the known population of Jews in the Pioneer Valley, the process of poststratification was used.xii To adjust to the number of JBR adults, the survey data were reviewed based on responses to religion questions for each adult in the household. Each adult received a preliminary designation of Jewish by religion (JBR), Jewish not by religion (JNR), Jew of multiple religions (JMR), Jewish background (JB), Jewish affinity 13

(JA), or not Jewish. All households with no JBR, JNR, or JMR adults were classified as non-Jewish and reclassified as screened out of the sample. The first stage of the poststratification was conducted on an individual rather than a household level.xiii The file was converted to an individual-level file with one record created for each adult in the household. The weights of the individual records initially were set at the weights of the household record, resulting in a total weight that added up to the number of individuals rather than the number of households. The individual records were poststratified to match the JBR and JNR counts. Individuals in the data file who were either JNR or JMR were adjusted to the JNR estimates. Characteristics of JNRs and non-Jewish adults were derived from the base weights. The results of this step were interim individual poststratification weights for each individual adult. Because further poststratification weights were conducted at the household level, the interim individual weights were converted to preliminary household weights by taking the mean of all of the individual poststratified weights for all adults in the household for the respondent record.xiv All records for non-respondents were dropped. Poststratifying to known parameters

The second stage of postestimation applied to households rather than individuals. At this stage, we further poststratified the sample using known parameters of the Jewish community: day school enrollment, part-time school enrollment, pre-school enrollment, synagogue membership, and donating to a local Jewish federation. To make use of these numbers, the education enrollment numbers needed to be converted to the number of households that they each represented. Local schools provided estimates of 130 children enrolled in Jewish day schools, 250 in Jewish part-time schools, and 200 children in Jewish early childhood centers. To use these estimates for individual adult weights, we estimated the number of households that they represented and the number of adults in those households. For each household, we categorized it as a day school household if any children were enrolled in day school and a part-time household if any children were enrolled in part-time school. We coded synagogue households if they were members of an Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, or other denomination “brick-and-mortar” synagogue. For households that had any children in school we estimated: Mean (weighted) day school (DS) students per DS household Mean (weighted) part-time school (PT) students per PT household Mean (weighted) early childhood school (EC) students per EC household

To estimate households, we used the following formula: DS household count = (DS students total ÷ mean DS students per household) PT household count = (PT students total ÷ mean PT students per household) EC household count = (EC students total ÷ mean EC students per household)

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For synagogue households, membership estimates provided by the synagogues in the region indicated that there were 200 households belonging to Orthodox synagogues, 1,050 to Conservative synagogues, 550 to Reform synagogues, and 375 to other synagogues. The Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts indicated it received donations from approximately 1,150 individuals. The Springfield JCC estimated its Jewish household membership at approximately 720 households. PJ Library delivers books to about 530 households in the Pioneer Valley. The last stage of the poststratification of the primary sample was to adjust the number of households to match the early childhood households, day school households, part-time school households, denominational synagogue households, and federation donors. The results of this step yielded the primary household weight. Respondent weights

Weights for individual respondents, primary respondent weights, were created for analysis of individual-level characteristics. Respondents were poststratified to represent all adults in the population. Using the primary household weights, estimates were generated for the total number of adults for the following parameters:

• Jewish type (JBR, JNR, JMR) or non-Jewish • Age, gender, and college education • Jewish denomination (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, Other, None) • Adults in day school household • Adults in part-time school household • Adults in early childhood school household • Adults in synagogue-member household (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, No specific denomination) • Adults in federation donor household • Adults in JCC member household • Adults in PJ Library household • Geography

The starting weight for the respondent poststratification was the interim individual weight for the respondent. This was poststratified using the parameters listed above to yield the primary respondent weight. Weights for the full sample

For the full sample, base weights were calculated differently than for the primary sample but the poststratification processes were similar. The full sample was a combination of the primary and supplementary (email-only) samples. All list-based households in the frame were eligible to be selected into the primary sample, but only households with email addresses could be selected into the supplement. Furthermore, households in the supplement received a lower level of effort than did those in the primary, resulting in different probabilities of response. The full frame was divided conceptually into an email and a non-email frame (the list-based frame). All households from the list-based frame with email addresses were assigned into the email frame. For households without email addresses, the base weight was calculated identically to the way it was for the primary sample. 15

For households with email addresses, households were considered to have been selected into the full sample if they were in the primary or the supplement. Base weights for primary and supplement

The design weight for each email stratum was calculated as: Design weight = Email frame size ÷ (Primary email sample + Supplement email sample) The probability of response depended on the level of effort and so was different for primary and supplement subsets. Nonresponse weight, email primary = Primary email sample ÷ Primary email respondents

Nonresponse weight, email supplement = Supplement email sample ÷ Supplement email respondents The base weight is calculated by multiplying the design weight by the nonresponse weight: Base weight = Design weight × Nonresponse weight Poststratification of the full sample

Poststratification of the full sample was conducted in the same way as for the primary sample, as described above. However, all poststratification targets for the full sample were the estimates generated from the primary sample only. 8. Final Population Estimates

Precise Population Estimates with Confidence Intervals

Population numbers presented in the report were rounded to avoid overprecision—that is, the misleading implication that our estimates are correct down to the single digit. The precise population estimates with 95% confidence intervals are shown in Table A8. For example, the best estimate of the total Jewish population is 22,966 people. Given the size of the sample and possible sampling and non-response error, we can be 95% confident that the true value lies somewhere between 18,157 people and 27,775 people.

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Table A8. Population estimates with confidence intervals shown Estimate Lower bound Upper bound Total Jews 22,966 18,157 27,775 Adults 26,207 21,178 31,236 Jewish 19,223 15,523 22,923 Non-Jewish 6,984 4,977 8,990 Children 3,930 1,976 5,885 Jewish 3,743 1,815 5,671 Non-Jewish 187 0 512 Total people 30,137 24,025 36,249 Total households 12,243 10,046 14,440

9. Analysis

All analyses were completed using statistical software Stata, version 15. Unless otherwise noted, all analyses were restricted to Jewish households (in which at least one adult was Jewish) as well as individual Jewish adults and Jewish children who were specifically identified by respondents as being Jewish. Analyses of characteristics of the entire population were based only on the primary sample with appropriate weights applied. Most analyses of subgroups or subsets of the population were conducted using the full sample with appropriate weights applied.

For a few subgroups, analyses were conducted using the primary sample weights instead of the full sample weights. In these cases, when full sample weights were applied, the values of all subgroups were not statistically significantly different from the overall values of the entire population calculated based on the primary sample, but either exceeded or fell short of them. This discrepancy is due to the fact that full and primary samples have unique response rates and full weights and primary weights are calculated using different methods, as delineated in section 7 above. Therefore, it was determined that analyses of these few subgroups should be conducted using primary weights instead of full weights. Table A9 displays these subgroups, and the tables, columns, and page numbers in the report where primary weights were applied.

Table A9. Subgroups analyzed with primary weights Subgroup Table Column Full Weight Values Region Synagogue membership -- 16% North; 17% South Region Antisemitism Personal experience 12% North; 13% South Reasons for discomfort discussing Israeli-Palestinian 23% Low; 26% Med; Engagement group conflict Minority opinion 24% High Reasons for discomfort Children in the discussing Israeli-Palestinian household conflict Minority opinion 27% Yes; 24% No 17

Economic insecurity and Any economic Region poverty hardship 25% North; 23% South Children in the Economic insecurity and Insufficient savings household poverty for $400 expense 7% Yes; 7% No

Exclusion of outliers

When presenting data based on small cell sizes, outlier cases can have an outsized effect that distort the interpretation of findings. We suppressed outliers in a number of cases under the following conditions:

Outlier cases are suppressed from analysis when excluding a single response changed the point estimate by 15% of the original estimate and a minimum of a five percentage point change.

For example, if excluding a case changes an estimate from 20% to 15%, the case is suppressed (five is 25% of 20 and a five-point change). If excluding the case changes the estimate from 50% to 45%, it is not suppressed (a five-point change, but only 10% of 50).

Table A10 displays the tokens of the outlier cases, the tables in the report, and the rows and columns (if applicable) from which they were suppressed.

Table A10. Outlier cases Token Table Row Column (if applicable) WZGJKJ JLCONNWORLD Inmarried WSQVFG Volunteering 50-59 Volunteer for a Jewish organization in other ways

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10. Margin of Error

Many studies report a margin of error instead of reporting confidence intervals. The margin of error is the 95% confidence interval that would be expected if ALL survey respondents had answered a question; if there were only two response choices; if about half gave each response; and if the survey design had used a simple random sample. Given these conditions, the margin of error is dependent solely on the sample size and population size. Furthermore, the margin of error is only applicable to percentages, not to totals or means. In our sample, with 554 respondents in the primary sample, the margin of error would have been ±4.2% if we had used a simple random sample. 11. Bias and Limitations

Every effort to create a representative sample was made in order to prevent bias or, where bias was unavoidable, to identify and reduce it. Nevertheless, some groups are particularly likely to be underrepresented in the sample. Most significant among these are unaffiliated Jews (including new residents and intermarried families) and young adult Jews. Young adult Jews are also likely undercounted for other reasons. Young adults in general are notoriously difficult to reach for telephone surveys, in part due to the increasing rate of cell phone-only households and in part because they tend to move more frequently than older adults; both conditions render young adults harder to track. Newcomers who are not known to the community are very likely undercounted, though they may have appeared on the ethnic names list. Interfaith families may also be underrepresented to the extent that they are unaffiliated and reside in households with directory listings that do not fit the selected ethnic name parameters. 12. Qualitative Coding

The survey included open-ended questions about personal experiences with antisemitism, aspects of Jewish life in which respondents or members of their households were unable to participate due to health issues or financial difficulties, the strengths and gaps within the Jewish community, and ideas for which facilities and programs respondents would like to see offered by the Jewish community. Responses were coded by CMJS/SSRI staff and student research assistants, with at least two researchers coding each question. Coders were trained to ensure intercoder reliability, stability, and accuracy. Their worked was reviewed on an ongoing basis for quality control. Difficult cases were marked for review by supervisors. Coding was conducted both deductively and inductively. For each question, coders were given a set of categories to look for in the responses; these categories were based on those used for similar questions from previous studies. However, coders were also instructed to watch for emerging patterns. When a coder believed that a new pattern of responses existed within the data, they reviewed their findings with a supervisor who decided whether the new pattern warranted a new code. When a new code was created, the coders reviewed previously coded entries to check whether the new code would apply to them.

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13. Recontact Survey

During the analysis phase, the research team noticed that the complex skip logic of the survey instrument had not been comprehensive and 363 respondents (222 from the primary sample and 141 from the supplement sample) were not asked questions they should have received. There were two sets of questions that these respondents missed; some respondents did not get both sets while others answered one but did not receive the other. One set of questions was about Israel. Respondents who reported never having been to Israel did not receive questions about how often they seek out news about Israel and how comfortable they are expressing their opinion about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The other set of questions was about the Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts. One question asked respondents if they were aware of the Jewish Federation and, if they were, the next question asked them to rate the Federation’s overall impact on the community. The skip logic to determine who received these questions was based on a previous question, which asked respondents what type of local Jewish organizations they donated to. If respondents did not donate to any local Jewish organizations or did not donate to the Jewish Federation then they were asked if they were aware of the Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts. However, respondents who reported earlier in the survey that they did not donate to any Jewish organizations did not receive the question about which local organizations they donated to and therefore were never asked if they were aware of the Jewish Federation. A list of 363 respondents who did not receive either or both sets of questions was compiled. On April 17, 2020, a recontact survey instrument was sent via email to respondents. The survey and CATI interface were programmed by CMJS. Two modes of data collection were utilized: online and telephone. The online and telephone instruments were identical – when a recontact survey was completed over the phone, the telephone interviewer would fill out the online version. Households that had not completed the survey were contacted by telephone. The primary goal of telephone contact was to administer the survey over the phone if the respondent was unable or unwilling to complete the survey online, or if the respondent simply preferred to complete the survey over the phone. If the respondent was unwilling to complete the survey over the phone at the time of the call, he or she was asked for a better time to be called again or for an email address to re-send the link to the survey online. Systematic respondent selection did not take place. The first adult reached in the household was interviewed. Calling began on April 18, 2020, starting with the households for which phone numbers were available but email addresses were not. Calling concluded on May 15, 2020. Four email reminders were sent for all non- completed surveys during the recontact field period. Data collection was conducted and supervised by Professor Matthew Boxer and Harry Aaronson at CMJS and research assistants were hired and trained to conduct the phone interviews. Callers made up to three attempts (across all phone numbers) to reach all households in the primary sample who did not complete the survey online in response to email requests or who did not have email addresses. Callers offered to conduct survey interviews over the telephone or, if requested, to send the household members their unique link to complete the survey online at their convenience. Data collection ended on May 18, 2020. A cleaned dataset was prepared by the Community Studies research team and was merged into the master dataset, with 152 responses from the original 363 respondents.

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Notes i Messianic Jews claim Jewish identity, but their claim is typically rejected by the vast majority of the Jewish community. Respondents who identified as Messianic Jews in this study were treated as non-Jews. ii Saxe, L., & Tighe, E. (2013). Estimating and understanding the Jewish population in the United States. Contemporary Jewry, 33, 43-62; Tighe, E., Livert, D., Barnett, M., & Saxe, L. (2010). Cross-survey analysis to estimate low-incidence religious groups. Sociological Methods & Research, 39, 56-82; Tighe, E., Saxe, L., Kadushin, C., Magidin de Kramer, R., Nursahedov, B., Aronson, J., & Cherny, L. (2011). Estimating the Jewish population of the United States: 2000-2010. Waltham, MA: Steinhardt Social Research Institute, Brandeis University; Tighe, E., Saxe, L., Magidin de Kramer, R., & Parmer, D. (2013). American Jewish population estimates: 2012. Waltham, MA: Steinhardt Social Research Institute, Brandeis University. iii Tighe et al., American Jewish population estimates: 2012. Saxe, Leonard & Tighe, Elizabeth & Boxer, Matthew. (2014). Measuring the Size and Characteristics of American Jewry: A New Paradigm to Understand an Ancient People. Magidin de Kramer, R., Tighe, E., Saxe, L., & Parmer, D. (2018). Assessing the Validity of Data Synthesis Methods to Estimate Religious Populations. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 57(2), 206-220. iv The American National Election Studies (ANES). ANES 2012 Time Series Study. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2016-05-17. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR35157.v1. v Gallup Analytics (2020). Gallup daily tracking poll [Data set]. Available from http://analyticscampus.gallup.com. vi Gallup Analytics (2020). Gallup poll social series [Data set]. Available from http://analyticscampus.gallup.com. vii Brian Schaffner; Stephen Ansolabehere; Sam Luks, 2017, "CCES Common Content, 2016", https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GDF6Z0, Harvard Dataverse. viii Series identification is included in the dataset to be able to examine differences across surveys that can be accounted for by survey series. ix Currently there are too few surveys of representative samples of all U.S. adults that include alternative methods of Jewish identification. Thus, the present analyses focus on the JBR population only. x Putnam, R.D., & Campbell, D.E. (2010). American grace: How religion divides and unites us. New York: Simon & Schuster. xi Lugo, L., Cooperman, A., Smith, G. A., O’Connell, E., & Sandra, S. (2013). A portrait of Jewish Americans: Findings from a Pew Research Center survey of US Jews. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. xii Poststratification was conducted in Stata using the ipfraking command See Kolenikov, S. 2014. Calibrating survey data using iterative proportional fitting (raking).” The Stata Journal 14(1), 22-59. xiii For a discussion of the challenges of simultaneously poststratifying at the individual and household level, see Kolenikov, S., and Hammer, H. 2015. Simultaneous Raking of Survey Weights at Multiple Levels. Survey Methods: Insights from the Field, Special issue: ‘Weighting: Practical Issues and ‘How to’ Approach. Retrieved from http://surveyinsights.org/?p=5099. DOI:10.13094/SMIF-2015-00010. Multiple approaches were compared to identify the one with consistent results. xiv Multiple approaches were compared for this conversion, and the mean weight was determined to be most reliable. See Kolenikov, S., and Hammer, H. 2015. Simultaneous Raking of Survey Weights at Multiple Levels. Survey Methods: Insights from the Field, Special issue: ‘Weighting: Practical Issues and ‘How to’ Approach. Retrieved from http://surveyinsights.org/?p=5099. DOI:10.13094/SMIF-2015-00010

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Appendix B. Comparison Charts

To download the comparison charts in Microsoft Excel, visit https://www.brandeis.edu/ssri/communitystudies/ How to Read the Comparison Charts

The following series of tables provides detailed data that is not found in the primary report. In each section, characteristics are reported for the overall population on the top row, as well as for subgroups of the population, with each subgroup appearing in its own row. All rows are identical throughout the document. Subgroup names appear in the leftmost column of each page. Each column reports on a characteristic or survey response. Some of these responses refer to households and some refer to individual Jewish adults. Characteristics that refer to Jewish households are indicated by a house symbol (⌂). All other characteristics refer to Jewish adults. For example, whether there are children in the household is a household characteristic; age is an individual characteristic. The numbers in the table show the proportion of adults or households within a subgroup who have that characteristic. For example, in the table below, 22% of all Jewish households have minor children; 22% of households in the Upper Valley have children, and 22% of households in the Lower Valley have children.

Household haschildren ⌂

Overall 22%

Upper Valley 22% Lower Valley 22%

In some cases, all response categories are shown in separate columns. In the case of yes/no responses, the “no” column is not shown. For example, in the table above, the proportion of households who have children is shown; the remainder, who do not have children, is not shown. If 22% of households have children, it can be inferred that 78% do not. Where areas of the document are solid black, the question was not applicable for the subgroups on those rows. Where areas are colored light gray and numbers appear, there is a statistically significant difference between the subgroups. A double dash “--” indicates that a number cannot be reported reliably because it is based on fewer than 20 responses. When a percentage is between 0% and 0.5% and would otherwise round down to 0%, the number is denoted as < 1%. 22

Note that the procedure for generating the subgroup characteristics for these charts is different from that used in the main body of the report. Some minor differences are due to rounding and should be disregarded. Other differences are due to differences in the denominator or base used for the calculation. Subgroups Used for Comparison Charts

Overall: All Jewish adults or all Jewish households. Engagement groups: See Slide 21 of the main report for an explanation of the engagement groups. Age, individual: The ages of Jewish adults. Age, household: The age of the oldest married Jewish person in the household. Geography: Jewish adults or households living in the Upper Valley and the Lower Valley of the Pioneer Valley area. See Slide 13 of the main report for more information. Marital status, individual: ‘Inmarried’ are Jewish adults living with a Jewish partner. ‘Intermarried’ are Jewish adults living with a non-Jewish partner. ‘Not married’ are Jewish adults who are not living with any partner (spouse, fiancé/e, or significant other.) Marital status, household: ‘Inmarried’ are households containing two Jews who are partnered (spouse, fiancé/e, or significant other). ‘Intermarried’ are households containing a Jew and non-Jew who are partnered. ‘Not married’ are households with no coupled individuals. Parent status, individual: Jewish adults who are parents or stepparents of a minor child (age 0-17) living in the same household. Parent status, household: If the household contains a minor child (age 0-17).

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Demographics 1 Male Female Other

Overall 42% 55% 2%

Engagement: Low 48% 48% 4% Engagement: Medium 40% 59% 1% Engagement: High 36% 63% 2%

Age 18-49 40% 56% 4% Age 50-59 28% 72% < 1% Age 60-69 48% 52% < 1% Age 70+ 62% 38% 0%

Upper Valley 45% 51% 4% Lower Valley 39% 61% 0%

Inmarried 53% 47% < 1% Intermarried 33% 64% 3% Not married 38% 58% 4%

Children in the household 31% 69% < 1% No children in the household 45% 52% 3% 24

Demographics 2 Age 18-49Age 50-59Age 60-69Age 70+Age

Overall 47% 20% 16% 18%

Engagement: Low 55% 9% 14% 22% Engagement: Medium 41% 32% 16% 10% Engagement: High 41% 19% 14% 26%

Age 18-49 Age 50-59 Age 60-69 Age 70+

Upper Valley 59% 20% 11% 11% Lower Valley 34% 20% 20% 27%

Inmarried 37% 27% 16% 20% Intermarried 50% 18% 14% 18% Not married 59% 10% 15% 16%

Children in the household 65% 32% 3% 0% No children in the household 42% 17% 18% 23% 25

Demographics 3 Less than a Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Graduate Degree Inmarried Intermarried Not Married

Overall 30% 25% 45% 41% 33% 26%

Engagement: Low 29% 23% 48% 23% 44% 32% Engagement: Medium 27% 28% 45% 43% 32% 25% Engagement: High 38% 24% 38% 75% 10% 14%

Age 18-49 33% 35% 32% 33% 35% 32% Age 50-59 23% 16% 60% 56% 30% 14% Age 60-69 22% 21% 57% 44% 30% 26% Age 70+ 39% 11% 49% 45% 33% 22%

Upper Valley 18% 29% 53% 45% 33% 23% Lower Valley 44% 20% 35% 38% 33% 29%

Inmarried 17% 25% 58% Intermarried 29% 27% 43% Not married 53% 21% 25%

Children in the household 20% 24% 56% 62% 34% 4% No children in the household 33% 25% 42% 36% 33% 31% 26

Demographics 4 Engagement: Low Engagement: Medium Engagement: High Orthodox Conservative Reform Other Denomination

Overall 39% 41% 20% 8% 18% 20% 8%

Engagement: Low < 1% 10% 10% 2% Engagement: Medium 2% 19% 31% 13% Engagement: High 35% 33% 18% 10%

Age 18-49 48% 35% 17% 9% 8% 23% 5% Age 50-59 18% 63% 19% 9% 23% 16% 22% Age 60-69 37% 44% 19% 8% 30% 16% 6% Age 70+ 49% 23% 28% 2% 28% 19% 2%

Upper Valley 47% 39% 14% 2% 14% 19% 14% Lower Valley 33% 40% 27% 13% 22% 21% 2%

Inmarried 23% 41% 36% 17% 27% 11% 12% Intermarried 55% 39% 6% < 1% 11% 24% 3% Not married 50% 39% 11% 3% 12% 29% 8%

Children in the household 19% 34% 46% 30% 18% 9% 6% No children in the household 46% 41% 13% 2% 18% 22% 9% 27

Demographics 5 No No Denomination ⌂ Household has children ⌂ Household is couple, no kids ⌂ Household is multigenerational adults ⌂ Household is single adult ⌂ Household is roommates

Overall 47% 22% 38% 21% 16% 3%

Engagement: Low 78% 19% 36% 23% 20% 2% Engagement: Medium 35% 20% 41% 20% 17% 2% Engagement: High 4% 33% 35% 14% 16% 2%

Age 18-49 55% 33% 30% 25% 9% 3% Age 50-59 30% 28% 28% 26% 16% 2% Age 60-69 40% 16% 41% 23% 20% < 1% Age 70+ 49% < 1% 56% 12% 31% 1%

Upper Valley 51% 22% 38% 20% 19% 2% Lower Valley 41% 22% 36% 25% 16% 2%

Inmarried 33% 25% 50% 25% 0% 0% Intermarried 62% 31% 58% 11% 0% 0% Not married 48% 8% < 1% 33% 53% 5%

Children in the household 37% No children in the household 49% 47% 28% 22% 2% 28

Subpopulations 1 ⌂ Memberin interfaith⌂ household of relationship ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming to interfaith families: atNot all ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming to interfaith families: littleA ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming to interfaith families: Somewhat ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming to interfaith families: Very much ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming to interfaith families: No opinion

Overall 33% 0% 6% 14% 40% 39%

Engagement: Low 30% < 1% 4% 11% 53% 31% Engagement: Medium 31% 0% 9% 19% 20% 52% Engagement: High 22% 1% 3% 24% 67% 4%

Age 18-49 30% < 1% 5% 14% 36% 45% Age 50-59 28% 0% 14% 17% 28% 41% Age 60-69 31% 1% 9% 40% 29% 21% Age 70+ 27% 0% 1% 2% 70% 26%

Upper Valley 32% < 1% 5% 14% 44% 37% Lower Valley 26% < 1% 8% 18% 36% 38%

Inmarried 10% 0% < 1% 4% 83% 13% Intermarried 68% < 1% 8% 19% 41% 33% Not married 29% < 1% 2% 7% 20% 71%

Children in the household 32% < 1% 6% 16% 42% 36% No children in the household 28% < 1% 6% 15% 40% 38% 29

Subpopulations 2 ⌂ Household has is member who Household ⌂ LGBTQ ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming to LGBTQ individuals: atNot all ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming to LGBTQ individuals: littleA ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming to LGBTQ individuals: Somewhat ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming to LGBTQ individuals: Very much ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming to LGBTQ individuals: No opinion

Overall 17% 0% 1% 38% 49% 11%

Engagement: Low 14% 0% < 1% 36% 42% 21% Engagement: Medium 15% 0% 5% 51% 40% 4% Engagement: High 8% 0% < 1% 9% 91% < 1%

Age 18-49 17% 0% < 1% 31% 61% 7% Age 50-59 18% 0% < 1% 70% 26% 4% Age 60-69 10% 0% 21% < 1% 29% 50% Age 70+ 5% 0% ------

Upper Valley 19% 0% 3% 30% 60% 7% Lower Valley 7% 0% 3% 64% 12% 22%

Inmarried 12% 0% < 1% 57% 33% 10% Intermarried 10% 0% 1% 5% 77% 17% Not married 18% 0% 6% 41% 44% 9%

Children in the household 8% 0% 0% 4% 89% 7% No children in the household 15% 0% 3% 44% 42% 11% 30

Subpopulations 3 ⌂ Household has is member who Household ⌂ color person of ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming color: to atpeople Not of all ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming color: to people A of little ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming color: to people of Somewhat ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming color: to people Veryof much ValleyPioneer Jewish community is welcoming color: to people No of opinion

Overall 16% 0% 21% 41% 17% 21%

Engagement: Low 11% ------Engagement: Medium 26% < 1% 31% 27% 26% 15% Engagement: High 5% < 1% 1% 49% 42% 9%

Age 18-49 25% < 1% < 1% 59% 27% 14% Age 50-59 25% ------Age 60-69 3% ------Age 70+ 1% ------

Upper Valley 16% < 1% 23% 57% 8% 11% Lower Valley 16% ------

Inmarried 16% 0% 32% 54% 13% < 1% Intermarried 24% < 1% 10% 25% 28% 37% Not married 5% ------

Children in the household 28% ------No children in the household 13% < 1% 25% 36% 29% 10% 31

Jewish Background 1 No Jewish No parents Jewishone Had more or fathers Jewishone Had more or mothers

Overall 3% 87% 86%

Engagement: Low < 1% 86% 75% Engagement: Medium 3% 93% 94% Engagement: High 6% 83% 92%

Age 18-49 1% 84% 80% Age 50-59 6% 94% 89% Age 60-69 5% 90% 94% Age 70+ 2% 91% 92%

Upper Valley 1% 90% 85% Lower Valley 4% 85% 88%

Inmarried 3% 93% 95% Intermarried 2% 86% 80% Not married 1% 83% 81%

Children in the household 3% 89% 89% No children in the household 2% 88% 86% 32

Jewish Background 2 Respondent raised Jewish Respondent raised Jewish another and religion Respondent religion raised no Respondent raised religion another Respondent attended or full time part Jewishas youth school RespondentBar/Bat Mitzvahhad as a child

Overall 76% 7% 10% 7% 76% 60%

Engagement: Low 58% 15% 17% 10% 65% 47% Engagement: Medium 91% 2% 2% 5% 83% 70% Engagement: High 88% < 1% 5% 7% 83% 74%

Age 18-49 70% 13% 11% 6% 74% 67% Age 50-59 85% 4% 2% 9% 72% 58% Age 60-69 89% 1% 4% 6% 90% 54% Age 70+ 79% < 1% 11% 9% 70% 56%

Upper Valley 76% 10% 11% 3% 79% 64% Lower Valley 78% 4% 6% 12% 71% 59%

Inmarried 93% < 1% 2% 5% 88% 78% Intermarried 67% 10% 17% 6% 68% 52% Not married 64% 14% 9% 13% 64% 47%

Children in the household 85% 7% 2% 6% 65% 65% No children in the household 75% 7% 10% 8% 78% 61% 33

Residence 1 ⌂ Children living outside household and Children ⌂ living outside household ⌂ Children living outside household in Children ⌂ living outside household the Pioneer Valley in thenot Pioneer Valley elderly,If⌂ living grandchildenhas in the Pioneer outside Valley household elderly,If⌂ living grandchildenhas and in thenot outside household ValleyPioneer elderly,If⌂ living grandchildenhas in and and both outside household outside theValley Pioneer Has ⌂ parent/in-law living outside in theValley household Pioneer

Overall 19% 31% 14% 19% 5% 37%

Engagement: Low 17% 36% 11% 16% 3% 33% Engagement: Medium 16% 30% 13% 23% 3% 44% Engagement: High 22% 39% 11% 46% 14% 33%

Age 18-49 6% 8% ------52% Age 50-59 19% 46% 9% 11% < 1% 37% Age 60-69 18% 47% 10% 25% 2% 22% Age 70+ 34% 53% 14% 36% 15% 3%

Upper Valley 24% 17% 11% 29% 9% 32% Lower Valley 45% 18% 11% 21% 4% 43%

Inmarried 19% 40% 16% 34% 8% 29% Intermarried 13% 28% 8% 24% 5% 57% Not married 20% 35% 10% 16% 6% 17%

Children in the household 6% 29% < 1% 14% 0% 56% No children in the household 20% 34% 13% 26% 7% 30% 34

Residence 2 Raised in theValley Pioneer LivingValley: in Pioneer 0-4 Years LivingValley: in Pioneer 5-9 Years LivingValley: in Pioneer 10-19 Years LivingValley: in Pioneer 20+ Years raisedIfinthe Pioneer Valley, alsohas lived in the area entire adult life

Overall 26% 13% 15% 14% 59% 69%

Engagement: Low 26% 24% 12% 10% 54% 20% Engagement: Medium 30% 6% 18% 13% 63% 18% Engagement: High 19% 11% 20% 16% 53% 15%

Age 18-49 24% 25% 28% 17% 30% 46% Age 50-59 17% 4% 7% 15% 75% 78% Age 60-69 38% 8% 7% 1% 84% 86% Age 70+ 33% 4% 3% 7% 87% 90%

Upper Valley 18% 22% 16% 15% 47% 6% Lower Valley 35% 6% 15% 10% 68% 31%

Inmarried 18% 14% 13% 10% 63% 51% Intermarried 29% 12% 10% 20% 58% 65% Not married 36% 19% 28% 6% 47% 87%

Children in the household 10% 11% 23% 23% 43% 74% No children in the household 30% 15% 14% 10% 61% 68% 35

Residence 3 ⌂ Reason ⌂ moved to to/back the Valley:Pioneer of Cost living Reason ⌂ moved to to/back the Valley:Pioneer Job Reason ⌂ moved to to/back the Valley:Pioneer School Reason ⌂ moved to to/back the Valley:Pioneer Quality life of Reason ⌂ moved to to/back the Valley:Pioneer To be close to family Reason ⌂ moved to to/back the Valley:Pioneer of the None above

Overall 10% 44% 31% 33% 20% 7%

Engagement: Low 10% 36% 25% 31% 21% 11% Engagement: Medium 9% 48% 24% 31% 17% 11% Engagement: High 12% 46% 17% 45% 29% 9%

Age 18-49 14% 39% 34% 26% 28% 6% Age 50-59 11% 41% 20% 41% 18% 16% Age 60-69 8% 53% 20% 33% 12% 10% Age 70+ 4% 49% 6% 38% 19% 11%

Upper Valley 12% 32% 30% 42% 22% 11% Lower Valley 8% 62% 12% 19% 20% 9%

Inmarried 9% 51% 24% 36% 18% 12% Intermarried 8% 47% 25% 31% 18% 10% Not married 16% 32% 18% 33% 29% 12%

Children in the household 16% 53% 24% 39% 30% 4% No children in the household 9% 41% 22% 31% 19% 12% 36

Residence 4 Before current livedaddress, in Pioneer Valley livedIf in Pioneer Valley before current address, lived inHampden County livedIf in Pioneer Valley before current address, livedCounty inHampshire livedIf in Pioneer Valley before current address, livedinFranklin County livedIf in Pioneer Valley before current address, livedelsewhere in Pioneer Valley

Overall 65% 48% 48% 3% 1%

Engagement: Low 53% 44% 48% 8% 0% Engagement: Medium 75% 53% 42% 4% 1% Engagement: High 48% 55% 41% 2% 2%

Age 18-49 60% 30% 67% 3% < 1% Age 50-59 73% 64% 25% 10% 1% Age 60-69 63% 66% 25% 7% 2% Age 70+ 50% 74% 22% 3% 1%

Upper Valley 64% 17% 73% 9% < 1% Lower Valley 58% 91% 7% < 1% 1%

Inmarried 53% 49% 47% 4% 1% Intermarried 72% 56% 41% 3% < 1% Not married 60% 44% 44% 11% 1%

Children in the household 56% 44% 55% 1% 0% No children in the household 62% 52% 41% 6% 1% 37

Residence 5 ⌂ Live⌂ in the Upper Valley Live⌂ in the LowerValley rents Household ⌂ home owns home ⌂ Household does paynot rent Household ⌂ own or home has home second Household ⌂

Overall 55% 45% 20% 79% 1% 11%

Engagement: Low 61% 39% 33% 67% < 1% 18% Engagement: Medium 49% 51% 12% 87% < 1% 7% Engagement: High 50% 50% 15% 83% 2% 13%

Age 18-49 64% 36% 32% 67% 1% 11% Age 50-59 57% 43% 15% 85% < 1% 6% Age 60-69 44% 56% 7% 92% < 1% 17% Age 70+ 45% 55% 16% 84% < 1% 18%

Upper Valley 24% 75% 1% 10% Lower Valley 15% 85% < 1% 16%

Inmarried 53% 47% 9% 90% 1% 14% Intermarried 62% 38% 12% 87% < 1% 6% Not married 47% 53% 39% 60% < 1% 19%

Children in the household 56% 44% 13% 87% < 1% 10% No children in the household 55% 45% 22% 77% 1% 13% 38

Residence 6 ⌂ Household's second is home Household's ⌂ elsewhere in Massachusetts second is home Household's ⌂ elsewhere in Northeastern US second is home in Household's ⌂ USSouthern second is home in Household's ⌂ Midwestern US second is home in Household's ⌂ WesternUS second is home Household's ⌂ somewhere else in the world

Overall 19% 25% 31% 0% 24% 1%

Engagement: Low ------Engagement: Medium 24% 30% 25% 0% 13% 8% Engagement: High 23% 25% 38% 0% 7% 7%

Age 18-49 ------Age 50-59 ------Age 60-69 36% 15% 41% 0% 8% < 1% Age 70+ 4% 7% 30% 0% 49% 10%

Upper Valley 31% 31% 27% 0% 5% 6% Lower Valley 34% 14% 20% 0% 29% 3%

Inmarried 17% 44% 30% 0% 4% 6% Intermarried 41% 10% 44% 0% 6% 0% Not married 40% 11% 11% 0% 33% 5%

Children in the household ------0% -- -- No children in the household 38% 15% 19% 0% 23% 5% 39

Jewish Education 1 ⌂Of age-eligible, child in any Jewish education ⌂Of age-eligible, child in Jewish pre- school ⌂Of age-eligible, child in K-12 formal Jewish education ⌂Of age-eligible, child in Jewish part- schooltime ⌂Of age-eligible, child in Jewish day school ⌂Of age-eligible, child in private Jewish classes

Overall 25% 23% 17% 11% 1% 6%

Engagement: Low 1% -- < 1% < 1% 1% 0% Engagement: Medium 18% 24% 6% 4% 1% 3% Engagement: High 91% 73% 42% 18% 1% 24%

Age 18-49 40% 23% 32% 18% 1% 14% Age 50-59 32% -- 8% 7% 1% 1% Age 60-69 11% 8% < 1% < 1% 8% Age 70+ ------< 1% --

Upper Valley 34% 12% 20% 8% 1% 12% Lower Valley 33% -- 16% 15% 1% 1%

Inmarried 44% 37% 23% 11% 1% 12% Intermarried 30% 15% 17% 12% 1% 5% Not married 6% -- 3% 3% < 1% < 1%

Children in the household No children in the household 40

Jewish Education 2 ⌂Of age-eligible, child in K-12 informal Jewish education ⌂Of age-eligible, child in Jewish day camp ⌂Of age-eligible, child in Jewish overnight camp ⌂Of age-eligible, child in Jewish youth group ⌂Of age-eligible, child who went on peer trip to Israel ⌂Receive PJ Library books ⌂Not aware of PJ Library

Overall 20% 11% 13% 13% 13% 31% 24%

Engagement: Low 1% 1% < 1% -- -- 13% 39% Engagement: Medium 12% 2% 7% 11% < 1% 64% 14% Engagement: High 93% 50% 59% 43% 71% 39% 0%

Age 18-49 35% 17% 25% 58% 38% 36% 11% Age 50-59 32% 16% 18% 11% 22% -- -- Age 60-69 10% 3% 2% ------Age 70+ ------

Upper Valley 33% 18% 17% 21% 21% 35% 18% Lower Valley 26% 9% 21% 17% 28% 26% 27%

Inmarried 43% 18% 32% 27% 27% 32% 7% Intermarried 24% 14% 10% 16% 21% 41% 16% Not married 6% < 1% 3% ------

Children in the household No children in the household 41

Synagogues 1 Never attendsNever synagogue services Attends synagogue services less than once a month Attends synagogue servicesthan more once a month

Overall 32% 51% 17%

Engagement: Low 64% 36% < 1% Engagement: Medium 14% 81% 5% Engagement: High 1% 22% 77%

Age 18-49 26% 55% 19% Age 50-59 32% 49% 19% Age 60-69 33% 53% 14% Age 70+ 43% 43% 13%

Upper Valley 32% 54% 14% Lower Valley 31% 49% 20%

Inmarried 21% 49% 29% Intermarried 43% 52% 4% Not married 33% 54% 13%

Children in the household 19% 36% 45% No children in the household 35% 55% 10% 42

Synagogues 2 ⌂ householdA is member a synagogue member ⌂ householdA is member local synagogue member ⌂ Pays dues to a brick and mortar synagogue ⌂ Household belongs to but does not pay dues to brick and mortar synagogue ⌂ In household synagogue is member respondent ⌂ In household synagogue is member someone else ⌂ In household synagogue is member respondent and someone else

Overall 27% 20% 16% 3% 19% 17% 64%

Engagement: Low 11% 1% 1% < 1% ------Engagement: Medium 19% 18% 13% 4% 22% 10% 68% Engagement: High 97% 91% 79% 3% 17% < 1% 82%

Age 18-49 21% 13% 7% 4% 25% 14% 60% Age 50-59 27% 25% 22% 1% 8% 5% 88% Age 60-69 32% 25% 23% 1% 21% 16% 62% Age 70+ 32% 27% 27% 1% 15% 7% 78%

Upper Valley 26% 20% 17% 2% 21% 16% 63% Lower Valley 28% 22% 18% 2% 14% 5% 81%

Inmarried 49% 45% 40% 1% 2% 4% 94% Intermarried 15% 11% 9% 2% 47% 16% 37% Not married 24% 15% 10% 3% 23% 23% 54%

Children in the household 31% 26% 20% 1% 12% 15% 74% No children in the household 26% 19% 16% 3% 20% 9% 71% 43

Synagogues 3 ⌂ Belongs to Orthodox synagogue ⌂ Belongs to Conservative synagogue ⌂ Belongs to Reform synagogue ⌂ Belongs to synagogue of another denomination ⌂ Belongs to a Chabad ⌂ Belongs to an independent minyan

Overall 15% 51% 28% 16% 3% 1%

Engagement: Low ------0% 0% Engagement: Medium 1% 47% 35% 19% < 1% < 1% Engagement: High 15% 51% 22% 25% 16% 2%

Age 18-49 13% 38% 31% 30% 3% 1% Age 50-59 10% 49% 23% 33% 3% < 1% Age 60-69 7% 49% 35% 12% 2% < 1% Age 70+ 8% 64% 19% 16% 1% < 1%

Upper Valley 5% 49% 20% 40% 1% 1% Lower Valley 15% 52% 33% 1% 4% < 1%

Inmarried 13% 55% 24% 18% 8% < 1% Intermarried 3% 35% 34% 35% < 1% < 1% Not married 7% 56% 25% 20% 1% 1%

Children in the household 21% 43% 14% 38% 8% < 1% No children in the household 6% 53% 30% 17% 1% 1% 44

Ritual Behaviors 1 Usually attends a has or special meal for Never attends a has or special meal for Shabbat Sometimes attends ahas or special meal for Shabbat Shabbat Always attends has or special a meal for Shabbat

Overall 50% 36% 6% 9%

Engagement: Low 77% 23% < 1% < 1% Engagement: Medium 44% 46% 7% 3% Engagement: High 10% 37% 19% 34%

Age 18-49 54% 34% 5% 7% Age 50-59 33% 42% 13% 13% Age 60-69 50% 36% 5% 9% Age 70+ 63% 28% 5% 3%

Upper Valley 49% 39% 4% 7% Lower Valley 52% 30% 10% 8%

Inmarried 33% 44% 6% 17% Intermarried 63% 29% 7% 2% Not married 64% 29% 6% 1%

Children in the household 27% 29% 13% 31% No children in the household 57% 36% 5% 2% 45

Ritual Behaviors 2 Fasts all of for parttheor daya on typicalKippur Yom medical Yom Cannot Kippur fast for on reasons Does a fast not typicalon Yom Kippur Attend Holiday servicesHigh in a typical year

Overall 52% 12% 36% 55%

Engagement: Low 16% 12% 72% 8% Engagement: Medium 69% 9% 23% 80% Engagement: High 79% 21% < 1% 99%

Age 18-49 41% 11% 48% 54% Age 50-59 73% 7% 21% 65% Age 60-69 62% 7% 31% 56% Age 70+ 36% 27% 37% 42%

Upper Valley 47% 8% 46% 52% Lower Valley 53% 18% 30% 57%

Inmarried 64% 15% 21% 74% Intermarried 29% 12% 59% 35% Not married 53% 8% 39% 47%

Children in the household 67% 16% 17% 78% No children in the household 45% 11% 43% 49% 46

Ritual Behaviors 3 ⌂ No one in household everone in household No ⌂ lights candlesShabbat sometimes in household Someone ⌂ lights candlesShabbat usually lights in household Someone ⌂ candlesShabbat always in household lights Someone ⌂ candlesShabbat

Overall 58% 26% 7% 9%

Engagement: Low 80% 14% 2% 4% Engagement: Medium 51% 36% 8% 5% Engagement: High 10% 33% 22% 35%

Age 18-49 62% 20% 8% 11% Age 50-59 40% 44% 7% 9% Age 60-69 63% 22% 8% 6% Age 70+ 64% 23% 6% 8%

Upper Valley 57% 27% 8% 7% Lower Valley 58% 25% 6% 11%

Inmarried 33% 38% 10% 18% Intermarried 66% 24% 7% 3% Not married 66% 19% 6% 9%

Children in the household 35% 38% 11% 16% No children in the household 64% 23% 6% 7% 47

Ritual Behaviors 4 ⌂ In a In ⌂ typical year someone in Hanukkahcandles lights household a In ⌂ typical year someone in the attends or hosts a household Passover Seder Keeps kosher at home has at least Household ⌂ mezuzah one

Overall 84% 75% 14% 58%

Engagement: Low 69% 54% 4% 34% Engagement: Medium 99% 92% 1% 64% Engagement: High 99% 99% 62% 98%

Age 18-49 87% 73% 16% 49% Age 50-59 94% 89% 17% 72% Age 60-69 90% 87% 12% 75% Age 70+ 64% 52% 8% 46%

Upper Valley 83% 80% 10% 53% Lower Valley 86% 68% 19% 65%

Inmarried 96% 92% 26% 82% Intermarried 76% 73% 6% 51% Not married 87% 63% 5% 49%

Children in the household 98% 91% 42% 82% No children in the household 80% 70% 7% 52% 48

Aspects of Being Jewish 1 BeingJewish is a matter culture: of Not at all BeingJewish is a matter culture: of A little BeingJewish is a matter culture: of Somewhat BeingJewish is a matter culture: of Very much

Overall 6% 3% 32% 59%

Engagement: Low 1% 6% 47% 45% Engagement: Medium 8% 1% 21% 70% Engagement: High 11% 1% 24% 64%

Age 18-49 4% 3% 37% 55% Age 50-59 16% 5% 14% 65% Age 60-69 < 1% 3% 28% 69% Age 70+ 2% 3% 42% 52%

Upper Valley 6% 5% 28% 61% Lower Valley 5% 1% 36% 57%

Inmarried 13% 1% 37% 49% Intermarried 0% 6% 27% 68% Not married 2% 3% 32% 64%

Children in the household 10% < 1% 21% 68% No children in the household 5% 4% 35% 57% 49

Aspects of Being Jewish 2 BeingJewish is a matter ethnicity: of atNot all BeingJewish is a matter ethnicity: of A little BeingJewish is a matter ethnicity: of Somewhat BeingJewish is a matter ethnicity: of Very much

Overall 8% 13% 38% 41%

Engagement: Low 9% 19% 32% 40% Engagement: Medium 6% 6% 51% 37% Engagement: High 9% 16% 24% 51%

Age 18-49 9% 13% 42% 35% Age 50-59 10% 15% 33% 41% Age 60-69 5% 6% 30% 60% Age 70+ 4% 16% 41% 40%

Upper Valley 10% 14% 36% 40% Lower Valley 5% 13% 40% 42%

Inmarried 8% 9% 34% 50% Intermarried 11% 19% 47% 23% Not married 3% 13% 34% 49%

Children in the household 12% 14% 41% 33% No children in the household 7% 13% 38% 43% 50

Aspects of Being Jewish 3 BeingJewish is a matter religion: Not of at all BeingJewish is a matter religion: A of little BeingJewish is a matter religion: of Somewhat BeingJewish is a matter religion: of Very much

Overall 14% 16% 33% 38%

Engagement: Low 27% 26% 32% 15% Engagement: Medium 7% 13% 43% 37% Engagement: High < 1% 2% 12% 86%

Age 18-49 14% 22% 41% 23% Age 50-59 8% 9% 28% 55% Age 60-69 13% 13% 15% 59% Age 70+ 19% 10% 32% 39%

Upper Valley 18% 21% 39% 22% Lower Valley 9% 10% 25% 56%

Inmarried 16% 9% 29% 46% Intermarried 15% 22% 30% 33% Not married 9% 20% 41% 30%

Children in the household 4% 14% 17% 64% No children in the household 16% 16% 36% 31% 51

Aspects of Being Jewish 4 BeingJewish is a matter community: of atNot all BeingJewish is a matter community: of A little BeingJewish is a matter community: of Somewhat BeingJewish is a matter community: of Very much

Overall 4% 9% 32% 55%

Engagement: Familial 9% 18% 34% 40% Engagement: Personal 1% 5% 40% 54% Engagement: Involved 1% 1% 12% 86%

Age 18-49 5% 6% 34% 55% Age 50-59 2% 9% 30% 59% Age 60-69 2% 13% 28% 57% Age 70+ 7% 15% 34% 44%

Upper Valley 4% 13% 35% 48% Lower Valley 4% 5% 29% 62%

Inmarried 1% 3% 42% 53% Intermarried 5% 15% 28% 52% Not married 7% 11% 22% 60%

Children in the household 5% 2% 13% 80% No children in the household 4% 11% 37% 48% 52

Aspects of Being Jewish 5 essential to what Jewishbeing means to Working for justice/equality Working for in society is whatimportant not to Jewishbeing means to respondent justice/equality Working for in society is but important essentialnot to what Jewishbeing means to respondent justice/equality Working for in society is respondent Leadinglife isan ethical/moral not to whatimportant Jewishbeing means to respondent Leadinglife isan ethical/moral but important essentialnot to what Jewishbeing means to respondent Leadinglife isan ethical/moral essential to what Jewishbeing to means respondent

Overall 9% 46% 45% 2% 35% 63%

Engagement: Low 4% 55% 41% 4% 53% 44% Engagement: Medium 13% 44% 43% 1% 29% 71% Engagement: High 10% 39% 52% 1% 13% 86%

Age 18-49 9% 55% 36% 2% 41% 57% Age 50-59 10% 36% 54% 2% 28% 70% Age 60-69 10% 48% 43% 2% 28% 70% Age 70+ 4% 40% 56% 2% 33% 65%

Upper Valley 11% 45% 45% 3% 42% 54% Lower Valley 6% 51% 43% < 1% 27% 72%

Inmarried 8% 47% 45% 1% 25% 74% Intermarried 1% 55% 45% < 1% 43% 56% Not married 20% 40% 41% 5% 41% 53%

Children in the household 10% 39% 51% 1% 21% 78% No children in the household 8% 50% 42% 2% 39% 59% 53

Aspects of Being Jewish 6 essential to what Jewishbeing means to Beingpart Jewish of a community is not to whatimportant Jewishbeing means to respondent Beingpart Jewish of a community is but important essentialnot to what Jewishbeing means to respondent Beingpart Jewish of a community is respondent

Overall 11% 60% 29%

Engagement: Low 26% 62% 12% Engagement: Medium 3% 75% 21% Engagement: High 1% 18% 81%

Age 18-49 6% 64% 30% Age 50-59 6% 63% 31% Age 60-69 22% 52% 27% Age 70+ 26% 45% 29%

Upper Valley 15% 57% 28% Lower Valley 8% 61% 31%

Inmarried 6% 45% 49% Intermarried 20% 65% 15% Not married 10% 74% 17%

Children in the household 3% 47% 49% No children in the household 14% 62% 24% 54

Jewish Life 1 Respondent doesn't Respondentknow thedoesn't Hebrew alphabet Respondent readcan Hebrew letters understandwordsbut not read Respondent readcan Hebrew and understand some of the readwords Respondent readcan Hebrew and the understand most of words read Respondent readcan and understand a all Hebrewof text

Overall 23% 40% 27% 8% 2%

Engagement: Low 35% 36% 28% 2% < 1% Engagement: Medium 17% 48% 26% 7% 1% Engagement: High 4% 30% 33% 28% 6%

Age 18-49 17% 45% 28% 8% 2% Age 50-59 28% 30% 27% 14% 1% Age 60-69 15% 40% 28% 15% 1% Age 70+ 33% 35% 29% 2% 1%

Upper Valley 16% 39% 37% 7% 2% Lower Valley 28% 40% 19% 11% 2%

Inmarried 9% 30% 45% 13% 3% Intermarried 26% 43% 22% 8% < 1% Not married 36% 51% 8% 4% 1%

Children in the household 25% 29% 17% 25% 4% No children in the household 21% 42% 31% 5% 1% 55

Jewish Life 2 Most of closestrespondent's friends are None of respondent's None of closest friends are Jewish of closestrespondent's Some friends are Jewish closestrespondent'shalf About of friends are Jewish Jewish of closestAll respondent's friends are Jewish

Overall 11% 41% 26% 20% 1%

Engagement: Low 16% 61% 19% 3% < 1% Engagement: Medium 11% 36% 35% 18% < 1% Engagement: High < 1% 11% 25% 59% 5%

Age 18-49 14% 42% 25% 17% 1% Age 50-59 11% 29% 31% 28% < 1% Age 60-69 12% 42% 25% 18% 3% Age 70+ 2% 51% 25% 21% 2%

Upper Valley 11% 41% 33% 14% 1% Lower Valley 11% 41% 20% 28% 1%

Inmarried 6% 17% 39% 35% 2% Intermarried 20% 55% 14% 11% < 1% Not married 6% 62% 22% 9% 1%

Children in the household 24% 17% 9% 47% 4% No children in the household 8% 47% 31% 14% 1% 56

Barriers to Belonging 1 Not knowing many Jewish people in some way limits connection to the Pioneer Valley Jewish community Level of Jewish knowledge in some way limits connection to the Pioneer Valley Jewish community Political views in some limit way connection to the Pioneer Valley Jewish community Feeling of not being welcome in some way limits connection to the Pioneer Valley Jewish community Lack of interesting Jewish activities in some way limit connection to the Pioneer Valley Jewish community Safety/security concerns in some way limit connection to the Pioneer Valley Jewish community Distance or transportation constraints in some way limit connection to the Pioneer Valley Jewish community

Overall 56% 39% 26% 25% 67% 17% 29%

Engagement: Low 72% 54% 32% 29% 80% 10% 17% Engagement: Medium 54% 36% 23% 25% 65% 23% 36% Engagement: High 26% 18% 22% 13% 43% 14% 24%

Age 18-49 79% 49% 26% 36% 89% 16% 30% Age 50-59 38% 32% 41% 15% 50% 19% 39% Age 60-69 29% 26% 14% 23% 57% 14% 17% Age 70+ 38% 37% 22% 8% 37% 15% 10%

Upper Valley 63% 43% 33% 20% 71% 11% 30% Lower Valley 48% 37% 19% 30% 62% 22% 22%

Inmarried 42% 22% 37% 13% 56% 16% 21% Intermarried 65% 56% 17% 26% 68% 17% 21% Not married 68% 47% 21% 43% 84% 13% 41%

Children in the household 44% 33% 34% 21% 66% 10% 32% No children in the household 59% 42% 24% 25% 67% 18% 25% 57

Relationship with Non-Jews 1 Relationship Relationship between Jews Non- and Jews Valley in Pioneer is negative Relationship between Jews Non- and Jews Valley in Pioneer is neutral Relationship between Jews Non- and Jews Valley in Pioneer is positive personallyMemberhas ⌂ household of experienced antisemitism pastin the year atNot concerned all about antisemitism in the UnitedStates A little concernedantisemitism about in the UnitedStates

Overall 4% 24% 60% 19% 4% 5%

Engagement: Low 8% 19% 55% 10% 6% 8% Engagement: Medium 3% 37% 52% 24% < 1% 6% Engagement: High < 1% 10% 86% 19% 3% 7%

Age 18-49 4% 27% 54% 17% 5% 9% Age 50-59 1% 28% 63% 33% < 1% 10% Age 60-69 4% 23% 63% 12% 4% 1% Age 70+ 8% 14% 69% 8% 1% 3%

Upper Valley 5% 23% 57% 18% 4% 8% Lower Valley 4% 25% 63% 18% 2% 5%

Inmarried 1% 19% 72% 15% 5% 6% Intermarried 11% 22% 51% 22% 2% 11% Not married 1% 36% 53% 14% 3% 3%

Children in the household 0% 22% 74% 23% 9% 13% No children in the household 5% 25% 56% 16% 2% 5% 58

Relationship with Non-Jews 2 Somewhat Somewhat concerned about antisemitism in the United States Very much about concerned antisemitism in the United States atNot concerned all about antisemitism in the Pioneer Valley A little concernedantisemitism about in the Pioneer Valley Somewhat concerned about antisemitism in theValley Pioneer Very much about concerned antisemitism in theValley Pioneer

Overall 42% 49% 19% 35% 31% 14%

Engagement: Low 45% 41% 29% 31% 23% 17% Engagement: Medium 36% 58% 11% 46% 34% 8% Engagement: High 38% 52% 14% 22% 43% 20%

Age 18-49 46% 40% 25% 38% 30% 7% Age 50-59 48% 42% 15% 51% 24% 10% Age 60-69 25% 71% 13% 17% 51% 19% Age 70+ 31% 65% 12% 28% 27% 33%

Upper Valley 46% 43% 25% 41% 25% 9% Lower Valley 35% 58% 12% 29% 38% 20%

Inmarried 49% 40% 24% 33% 32% 12% Intermarried 37% 51% 15% 50% 19% 17% Not married 31% 64% 17% 20% 47% 16%

Children in the household 33% 44% 23% 38% 30% 10% No children in the household 42% 51% 18% 35% 32% 15% 59

Jewish Connections 1 Extent to which respondent feels part worldwide of a Jewish community: Not at all Extent to which respondent feels part worldwide of a Jewish community: A little Extent to which respondent feels part worldwide of a Jewish community: Somewhat Extent to which respondent feels part worldwide of a Jewish community: Very much

Overall 10% 35% 34% 22%

Engagement: Low 21% 52% 21% 6% Engagement: Medium 3% 31% 47% 19% Engagement: High < 1% 8% 33% 59%

Age 18-49 14% 40% 31% 15% Age 50-59 1% 30% 37% 32% Age 60-69 5% 25% 45% 25% Age 70+ 13% 35% 28% 24%

Upper Valley 15% 33% 35% 17% Lower Valley 4% 37% 32% 27%

Inmarried 14% 23% 37% 26% Intermarried 7% 50% 25% 18% Not married 6% 36% 40% 18%

Children in the household 9% 14% 33% 44% No children in the household 10% 40% 34% 16% 60

Jewish Connections 2 Extent to which respondent feels part of the Jewishcommunity in the Pioneer Valley: atNot all Extent to which respondent feels like partthe of Jewish community in the Valley:Pioneer littleA Extent to which respondent feels like partthe of Jewish community in the Valley:Pioneer Somewhat Extent to which respondent feels like partthe of Jewish community in the Valley:Pioneer Very much

Overall 27% 31% 24% 18%

Engagement: Low 39% 55% 6% < 1% Engagement: Medium 24% 23% 37% 17% Engagement: High < 1% 6% 28% 66%

Age 18-49 31% 38% 16% 15% Age 50-59 21% 23% 22% 34% Age 60-69 24% 19% 40% 16% Age 70+ 17% 39% 25% 20%

Upper Valley 31% 29% 21% 19% Lower Valley 20% 35% 24% 21%

Inmarried 13% 16% 35% 36% Intermarried 27% 53% 14% 6% Not married 45% 31% 13% 11%

Children in the household 14% 24% 22% 41% No children in the household 28% 34% 23% 15% 61

Jewish Connections 3 Extent to which respondent feels that Jewishbeing is parthis/her daily life: of atNot all Extent to which respondent feels that Jewishbeing is parthis/her daily life: of A little Extent to which respondent feels that Jewishbeing is parthis/her daily life: of Somewhat Extent to which respondent feels that Jewishbeing is parthis/her daily life: of Very much

Overall 16% 28% 29% 27%

Engagement: Low 37% 42% 13% 8% Engagement: Medium 4% 25% 54% 17% Engagement: High < 1% 3% 8% 88%

Age 18-49 22% 31% 23% 23% Age 50-59 12% 18% 42% 28% Age 60-69 9% 28% 31% 33% Age 70+ 14% 30% 26% 31%

Upper Valley 27% 26% 27% 20% Lower Valley 5% 29% 31% 35%

Inmarried 16% 19% 23% 41% Intermarried 19% 35% 33% 13% Not married 15% 31% 32% 22%

Children in the household 9% 7% 35% 49% No children in the household 18% 33% 27% 22% 62

Israel 1 Extent Extent to which respondent feels a connection to Israel: Not at all Extent to which respondent feels a connection to Israel: A little Extent to which respondent feels a connection to Israel: Somewhat Extent to which respondent feels a connection to Israel:much Very

Overall 19% 29% 30% 22%

Engagement: Low 33% 31% 31% 5% Engagement: Medium 8% 37% 36% 20% Engagement: High 16% 8% 15% 61%

Age 18-49 32% 30% 25% 13% Age 50-59 10% 34% 17% 38% Age 60-69 7% 21% 50% 22% Age 70+ 8% 28% 37% 26%

Upper Valley 29% 35% 24% 12% Lower Valley 9% 23% 36% 33%

Inmarried 23% 23% 24% 31% Intermarried 20% 25% 41% 14% Not married 14% 44% 25% 18%

Children in the household 29% 12% 16% 44% No children in the household 17% 33% 33% 17% 63

Israel 2 Times Times been to Israel: Never Times been to Israel: Once Times been to Israel: Twice Times been to Israel: Three times Times been to Israel: Four times Previously lived in Israel

Overall 40% 35% 11% 3% 6% 5%

Engagement: Low 55% 33% 3% 1% 1% 7% Engagement: Medium 32% 41% 17% 2% 5% 3% Engagement: High 26% 27% 16% 6% 20% 6%

Age 18-49 27% 45% 13% 3% 6% 6% Age 50-59 38% 38% 12% 1% 6% 4% Age 60-69 59% 16% 9% 4% 6% 5% Age 70+ 62% 22% 6% 2% 5% 3%

Upper Valley 27% 43% 15% 1% 6% 8% Lower Valley 55% 26% 7% 4% 6% 2%

Inmarried 27% 41% 16% 3% 9% 5% Intermarried 53% 25% 5% 4% 5% 8% Not married 46% 39% 11% 1% 2% 1%

Children in the household 38% 21% 16% 4% 16% 5% No children in the household 41% 38% 10% 2% 3% 5% 64

Israel 3 Has participated in educational program Has participated in Birthright Israel or volunteer trip to Israel Has participated in an Israel trip sponsored by a federation, synagogue or other Jewish organization Has been to Israel to celebrate a lifecycle event Has traveled to Israel for vacation Has traveled to Israel for business

Overall 45% 13% 13% 3% 21% 1%

Engagement: Low 34% 7% 6% 2% 13% < 1% Engagement: Medium 61% 16% 13% 5% 23% 1% Engagement: High 14% 26% 35% 12% 39% 4%

Age 18-49 40% 13% 10% 5% 27% 1% Age 50-59 29% 20% 6% 20% 1% Age 60-69 8% 16% 7% 15% 2% Age 70+ 5% 16% 4% 17% 3%

Upper Valley 49% 17% 11% 6% 22% 2% Lower Valley 23% 10% 17% 4% 21% 1%

Inmarried 24% 20% 21% 8% 26% 3% Intermarried 37% 12% 13% 5% 24% < 1% Not married 59% 7% 4% 1% 11% < 1%

Children in the household 12% 22% 18% 14% 41% 2% No children in the household 49% 12% 13% 3% 17% 1% 65

Israel 4 Not at all comfortable expressing Somewhat comfortable expressing Sought news about Israel in the past month: Never Sought news about Israel in the past month: Once a week or less Sought news about Israel in the past month: More than once a week opinion about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict A little comfortable expressing opinion about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict opinion about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict comfortableVery expressing opinion about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Overall 29% 47% 24% 15% 35% 22% 27%

Engagement: Low 40% 47% 12% 16% 38% 18% 28% Engagement: Medium 21% 59% 20% 19% 29% 22% 30% Engagement: High 7% 43% 50% 9% 34% 31% 26%

Age 18-49 37% 55% 8% 18% 45% 14% 23% Age 50-59 8% 59% 33% 23% 8% 25% 44% Age 60-69 21% 39% 39% 7% 31% 30% 31% Age 70+ 10% 37% 53% 4% 31% 43% 21%

Upper Valley 31% 55% 14% 9% 37% 17% 38% Lower Valley 18% 46% 36% 25% 29% 30% 16%

Inmarried 7% 60% 33% 6% 21% 27% 46% Intermarried 27% 57% 16% 22% 49% 16% 13% Not married 54% 29% 17% 26% 37% 21% 16%

Children in the household 10% 57% 32% 31% 36% 19% 15% No children in the household 29% 50% 21% 12% 33% 23% 32% 66

Israel 5 Not at all/a little comfortable expressing Not at all/a little comfortable expressing Not at all/a little comfortable expressing Not at all/a little comfortable expressing Not at all/a little comfortable expressing opinion on IL-PS conflict: Discourse feels Not at all/a little comfortable expressing opinion on IL-PS conflict: Don't know much about the topic opinion on IL-PS conflict: No opinion opinion on IL-PS conflict: Holds a minority opinion opinion on IL-PS conflict: No part in the conversation hostile opinion on IL-PS conflict: None of the above

Overall 58% 9% 28% 20% 59% 5%

Engagement: Low 76% 12% 23% 38% 73% 2% Engagement: Medium 46% 4% 26% 6% 50% 5% Engagement: High 13% 5% 24% 13% 71% 13%

Age 18-49 56% 3% 25% 20% 58% 2% Age 50-59 23% 0% 3% 1% 91% 16% Age 60-69 67% 20% 30% 25% 75% 21% Age 70+ 44% 30% 39% 10% 21% 25%

Upper Valley 61% < 1% 21% 21% 56% 5% Lower Valley 43% 17% 32% 11% 68% 8%

Inmarried 15% 3% 36% 10% 71% 12% Intermarried 56% 9% 25% 29% 66% 3% Not married 77% 7% 13% 11% 41% 4%

Children in the household 14% 1% 27% 19% 98% 2% No children in the household 65% 9% 24% 17% 43% 7% 67

Organizations 1 ⌂ Member⌂ of household belongs to the Springfield Jewish Community Center Member⌂ of household belongs to a formal Jewish organization in the Pioneer Valley Member⌂ of household belongs to an informal Jewishor groupgrassroots in the Pioneer Valley

Overall 6% 12% 12%

Engagement: Low 2% 1% 1% Engagement: Medium 7% 9% 12% Engagement: High 15% 56% 42%

Age 18-49 4% 2% 17% Age 50-59 7% 13% 8% Age 60-69 6% 17% 6% Age 70+ 9% 25% 14%

Upper Valley 1% 8% 16% Lower Valley 12% 17% 7%

Inmarried 12% 26% 20% Intermarried 5% 7% 12% Not married 3% 9% 7%

Children in the household 9% 10% 23% No children in the household 5% 13% 9% 68

Organizations 2 In past year, In attendedyear, past program a by Pioneer Valley Jewish organization: Monthly+ In attendedyear, past program a by Pioneer Valley Jewish organization:

Overall 14% 25% 61% 27% 29% 44%

Engagement: Low 1% 12% 87% 8% 29% 63% Engagement: Medium 8% 38% 55% 26% 34% 41% Engagement: High 57% 27% 16% 73% 18% 10%

Age 18-49 13% 23% 64% 17% 22% 62% Age 50-59 13% 37% 50% 37% 51% 12% Age 60-69 15% 28% 56% 30% 41% 28% Age 70+ 18% 16% 66% 44% 17% 39%

Upper Valley 8% 31% 60% 16% 33% 51% Lower Valley 21% 19% 61% 39% 25% 36%

Inmarried 25% 38% 37% 46% 27% 27% Intermarried 2% 12% 85% 14% 38% 48% Not married 12% 22% 66% 17% 20% 63%

Children in the household 32% 22% 45% 46% 40% 15% No children in the household 10% 26% 64% 23% 26% 51% 69

Organizations 3 Past year, participatedyear, Past in program with a Pioneer Valley Chabad: Never participatedyear, Past in program with a Pioneer Valley Chabad: Rarely participatedyear, Past in program with a Pioneer Valley Chabad: Occasionally participatedyear, Past in program with a Pioneer Valley Chabad: Frequently

Overall 81% 6% 2% 12%

Engagement: Low 95% 5% 0% < 1% Engagement: Medium 85% 3% 2% 10% Engagement: High 42% 15% 8% 35%

Age 18-49 74% 8% 1% 17% Age 50-59 89% 1% 6% 4% Age 60-69 82% 11% 3% 5% Age 70+ 91% 3% 2% 3%

Upper Valley 86% 3% 1% 9% Lower Valley 75% 9% 3% 12%

Inmarried 78% 4% 3% 15% Intermarried 96% 2% 2% < 1% Not married 67% 14% 2% 16%

Children in the household 64% 4% 5% 27% No children in the household 85% 7% 2% 7% 70

Organizations 4 a PV Jewish congregation to which belong: Never a PV Jewish congregation to which belong: Rarely a PV Jewish congregation to which belong: Occassionally a PV Jewish congregation to which belong: Frequently a PV Jewish congregation to which DON'T belong: Never a PV Jewish congregation to which DON'T belong: Rarely a PV Jewish congregation to which DON'T belong: Occassionally a PV Jewish congregation to which DON'T belong: Frequently Past year, participatedyear, Past in program with participatedyear, Past in program with participatedyear, Past in program with participatedyear, Past in program with participatedyear, Past in program with participatedyear, Past in program with participatedyear, Past in program with participatedyear, Past in program with

Overall 15% 14% 26% 44% 59% 20% 14% 7%

Engagement: Low ------88% 10% 2% < 1% Engagement: Medium 22% 27% 41% 9% 45% 19% 26% 10% Engagement: High 4% 7% 25% 64% 31% 45% 17% 8%

Age 18-49 21% 2% 24% 54% 56% 25% 10% 9% Age 50-59 10% 17% 27% 47% 54% 14% 28% 4% Age 60-69 17% 38% 20% 26% 61% 22% 17% 1% Age 70+ 12% 7% 44% 37% 77% 13% 9% 1%

Upper Valley 18% 8% 27% 47% 54% 22% 15% 8% Lower Valley 15% 15% 28% 41% 66% 18% 13% 3%

Inmarried 6% 11% 30% 53% 47% 29% 20% 3% Intermarried 33% 30% 13% 23% 72% 15% 12% 1% Not married 38% 3% 33% 26% 65% 11% 10% 15%

Children in the household 7% 2% 13% 79% 51% 30% 15% 5% No children in the household 21% 18% 35% 27% 62% 18% 14% 6% 71

Organizations 5 Past year, participatedyear, Past in program with the Springfield JCC: Never participatedyear, Past in program with the Springfield JCC: Rarely participatedyear, Past in program with the Springfield JCC: Occasionally participatedyear, Past in program with the Springfield JCC: Frequently participatedyear, Past in program with Abundance Farm: Never participatedyear, Past in program with the Abundance Farm: Rarely participatedyear, Past in program with the Abundance Farm: Occasionally participatedyear, Past in program with the Abundance Farm: Frequently

Overall 75% 8% 10% 6% 81% 6% 7% 6%

Engagement: Low 90% 7% 3% < 1% 93% < 1% 6% < 1% Engagement: Medium 73% 6% 9% 12% 84% 2% 3% 11% Engagement: High 50% 15% 29% 7% 59% 21% 15% 5%

Age 18-49 82% 4% 7% 8% 74% 5% 10% 11% Age 50-59 74% 5% 16% 5% 90% 5% 5% < 1% Age 60-69 71% 11% 12% 5% 90% 5% 3% 1% Age 70+ 64% 20% 11% 5% 95% 2% 2% 1%

Upper Valley 88% 3% 2% 7% 75% 4% 11% 10% Lower Valley 61% 14% 20% 5% 93% 5% 1% < 1%

Inmarried 69% 10% 16% 4% 83% 9% 7% 2% Intermarried 89% 4% 6% 1% 87% 2% 9% 2% Not married 68% 10% 5% 17% 80% 2% 3% 15%

Children in the household 74% 6% 17% 4% 65% 16% 12% 7% No children in the household 76% 9% 9% 7% 87% 2% 5% 5% 72

Organizations 6 Past year, participatedyear, Past in program with JFS: Never participatedyear, Past in program with JFS: Rarely participatedyear, Past in program with JFS: Occasionally participatedyear, Past in program with JFS: Frequently

Overall 77% 6% 8% 9%

Engagement: Low 97% 2% < 1% < 1% Engagement: Medium 64% 7% 9% 21% Engagement: High 66% 15% 18% < 1%

Age 18-49 84% 4% 4% 9% Age 50-59 59% 8% 17% 17% Age 60-69 78% 14% 6% 3% Age 70+ 85% 6% 5% 3%

Upper Valley 81% 2% 2% 14% Lower Valley 75% 11% 12% 2%

Inmarried 76% 6% 8% 9% Intermarried 82% 7% 11% 1% Not married 76% 7% 1% 16%

Children in the household 69% 8% 23% 1% No children in the household 80% 6% 3% 10% 73

Organizations 7 Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations are welcoming to people like you: at allNot Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations are welcoming to people like you: A little Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations are welcoming to people like you: Somewhat Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations are welcoming to people like you: Very much Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations are welcoming to people like you: Don't know

Overall 1% 16% 17% 36% 29%

Engagement: Low 1% 15% 14% 33% 37% Engagement: Medium 2% 19% 16% 40% 23% Engagement: High 2% 6% 35% 47% 10%

Age 18-49 1% 12% 19% 37% 31% Age 50-59 4% 27% 16% 42% 11% Age 60-69 4% 8% 29% 37% 22% Age 70+ 1% 15% 11% 38% 35%

Upper Valley 1% 18% 10% 43% 28% Lower Valley 3% 11% 28% 34% 24%

Inmarried 1% 20% 19% 41% 20% Intermarried 1% 13% 10% 49% 26% Not married 4% 10% 29% 20% 37%

Children in the household < 1% 15% 29% 52% 4% No children in the household 2% 15% 16% 35% 32% 74

Organizations 8 about people like you: Not at all about people like you: A little about people like you: Somewhat about people like you: Very much about people like you: Don't know Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations care Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations care Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations care Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations care Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations care

Overall 1% 11% 21% 33% 34%

Engagement: Low 1% 6% 23% 23% 47% Engagement: Medium 3% 12% 28% 33% 24% Engagement: High 1% 4% 19% 61% 15%

Age 18-49 < 1% 5% 21% 34% 40% Age 50-59 4% 11% 32% 39% 15% Age 60-69 4% 10% 28% 29% 29% Age 70+ 2% 13% 22% 33% 30%

Upper Valley 1% 3% 22% 33% 41% Lower Valley 2% 14% 27% 35% 22%

Inmarried 2% 7% 25% 46% 20% Intermarried 1% 8% 20% 31% 39% Not married 3% 10% 29% 17% 41%

Children in the household < 1% 5% 18% 70% 6% No children in the household 2% 9% 26% 25% 38% 75

Organizations 9 Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations are supportive of people like you: Not at all Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations are supportive of people like you: A little Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations are supportive of people like you: Somewhat Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations are supportive of people like you: Very much Pioneer Valley Jewish organizations are supportive of people like you: Don't know

Overall 1% 11% 25% 29% 34%

Engagement: Low 1% 11% 14% 25% 48% Engagement: Medium 3% 10% 38% 25% 24% Engagement: High 3% 4% 30% 54% 10%

Age 18-49 1% 7% 27% 26% 39% Age 50-59 4% 9% 35% 38% 14% Age 60-69 6% 12% 33% 28% 22% Age 70+ 2% 11% 14% 35% 38%

Upper Valley 1% 7% 27% 26% 38% Lower Valley 3% 11% 27% 35% 24%

Inmarried 1% 12% 33% 33% 20% Intermarried 1% 8% 16% 35% 40% Not married 5% 6% 31% 20% 38%

Children in the household < 1% 16% 20% 59% 5% No children in the household 3% 7% 29% 24% 38% 76

Organizations 10 Not willingNot to travel to attend a Jewish program activity or not related to work school or Willing to minutes travel or 10 to less attend a Jewish program activity or not related to work or school Willing to minutes to travel 11-20 attend a Jewish program activity or not related to work or school Willing to minutes to travel 21-40 attend a Jewish program activity or not related to work or school Willing to minutes to travel 41-60 attend a Jewish program activity or not related to work or school Willing to travel more than an hour to attend a Jewish program activity or not related to work or school

Overall 12% 4% 28% 36% 12% 8%

Engagement: Low 24% 2% 28% 27% 16% 2% Engagement: Medium 3% 2% 36% 43% 8% 9% Engagement: High 3% 15% 12% 31% 17% 21%

Age 18-49 3% 7% 34% 34% 16% 6% Age 50-59 6% 2% 23% 54% 6% 8% Age 60-69 18% 2% 29% 22% 16% 14% Age 70+ 33% 6% 18% 25% 8% 10%

Upper Valley 8% 4% 30% 41% 10% 7% Lower Valley 15% 6% 27% 27% 16% 9%

Inmarried 9% 9% 29% 35% 9% 9% Intermarried 16% 3% 31% 29% 14% 7% Not married 9% 1% 24% 40% 18% 9%

Children in the household 6% 15% 18% 36% 14% 10% No children in the household 13% 2% 31% 34% 13% 8% 77 The Jewish

Organizations 11 Get Get information about local Jewish activities, news, events from synagogue organizationor newsletter/email Get information about local Jewish activities, news, events from Ledger Get information about local Jewish activities, news, events from other local media Get information about local Jewish activities, news, events from family or friends Get information about local Jewish activities, news, events from the internet or mediasocial Get information about local Jewish activities, news, events from the Jewish Federation of Western Mass Get information about local Jewish activities, news, events from none of the above

Overall 36% 23% 21% 65% 51% 12% 14%

Engagement: Low 10% 10% 21% 48% 33% 3% 35% Engagement: Medium 41% 21% 24% 77% 60% 14% 3% Engagement: High 82% 39% 24% 73% 66% 35% < 1%

Age 18-49 21% 4% 9% 68% 47% 7% 18% Age 50-59 55% 24% 45% 70% 64% 13% 4% Age 60-69 47% 43% 23% 61% 49% 26% 11% Age 70+ 43% 37% 33% 51% 42% 22% 25%

Upper Valley 34% 4% 22% 65% 46% 7% 21% Lower Valley 37% 37% 23% 63% 54% 21% 10%

Inmarried 53% 24% 27% 70% 59% 17% 12% Intermarried 26% 14% 22% 57% 44% 14% 25% Not married 21% 19% 17% 64% 43% 8% 10%

Children in the household 39% 13% 8% 77% 47% 22% 8% No children in the household 35% 21% 26% 61% 50% 12% 17% 78

Volunteering 1 In past helpedIn month, in a leadership role withPioneer aValley Jewish organization past helpedIn month, as a volunteer withPioneer aValley Jewish organization past volunteeredIn month, with a non- Jewish organization

Overall 15% 12% 32%

Engagement: Low 7% < 1% 42% Engagement: Medium 9% 14% 27% Engagement: High 47% 37% 21%

Age 18-49 16% 5% 27% Age 50-59 14% 26% 40% Age 60-69 18% 16% 28% Age 70+ 14% 15% 41%

Upper Valley 14% 13% 35% Lower Valley 17% 13% 29%

Inmarried 21% 24% 30% Intermarried 16% 5% 35% Not married 6% 5% 32%

Children in the household 29% 15% 38% No children in the household 12% 12% 31% 79

Jewish Activities 1 In theIn past year, talked with about family/friendsJewish topics: Never theIn past year, talked with about family/friendsJewish topics: Rarely theIn past year, talked with about family/friendsJewish topics: Occasionally theIn past year, talked with about family/friendsJewish topics: Frequently

Overall 5% 14% 54% 27%

Engagement: Low 8% 31% 52% 9% Engagement: Medium 2% 5% 64% 28% Engagement: High < 1% 3% 42% 55%

Age 18-49 1% 19% 62% 18% Age 50-59 3% 6% 50% 40% Age 60-69 7% 16% 46% 30% Age 70+ 12% 15% 48% 25%

Upper Valley 2% 15% 64% 19% Lower Valley 6% 15% 45% 33%

Inmarried 1% 11% 59% 29% Intermarried 10% 20% 52% 18% Not married 3% 16% 52% 29%

Children in the household < 1% 13% 45% 42% No children in the household 5% 16% 57% 22% 80

Jewish Activities 2 In theIn past year, watched/listened to Jewish online content: Never theIn past year, watched/listened to Jewish online content: Rarely theIn past year, watched/listened to Jewish online content: Occasionally theIn past year, watched/listened to Jewish online content: Frequently

Overall 71% 15% 11% 3%

Engagement: Low 93% 5% 1% 1% Engagement: Medium 72% 10% 15% 2% Engagement: High 34% 36% 15% 15%

Age 18-49 83% 11% 3% 2% Age 50-59 59% 9% 24% 8% Age 60-69 61% 18% 13% 7% Age 70+ 72% 18% 8% 3%

Upper Valley 80% 11% 6% 3% Lower Valley 66% 15% 13% 6%

Inmarried 69% 16% 8% 7% Intermarried 75% 12% 12% 2% Not married 78% 9% 9% 3%

Children in the household 51% 22% 16% 11% No children in the household 78% 11% 8% 3% 81

Jewish Activities 3 In theIn past year, Jewishread online content: Never theIn past year, Jewishread online content: Rarely theIn past year, Jewishread online content: Occasionally theIn past year, Jewishread online content: Frequently

Overall 34% 20% 31% 16%

Engagement: Low 63% 28% 7% 2% Engagement: Medium 15% 17% 51% 18% Engagement: High 3% 20% 23% 55%

Age 18-49 42% 19% 26% 14% Age 50-59 6% 28% 39% 27% Age 60-69 30% 21% 23% 26% Age 70+ 35% 25% 24% 16%

Upper Valley 42% 18% 29% 11% Lower Valley 21% 26% 26% 26%

Inmarried 21% 19% 34% 26% Intermarried 46% 13% 29% 12% Not married 32% 38% 16% 14%

Children in the household 12% 15% 25% 48% No children in the household 37% 24% 28% 12% 82

Jewish Activities 4 In theIn past year, books, consumed movies, thatTV, music or is Jewish- focused: Never theIn past year, books, consumed movies, thatTV, music or is Jewish- focused: Rarely theIn past year, books, consumed movies, thatTV, music or is Jewish- focused: Occasionally theIn past year, books, consumed movies, thatTV, music or is Jewish- focused: Frequently

Overall 18% 29% 36% 17%

Engagement: Low 39% 41% 15% 5% Engagement: Medium 8% 25% 51% 16% Engagement: High 2% 12% 42% 44%

Age 18-49 19% 41% 30% 11% Age 50-59 11% 18% 45% 26% Age 60-69 24% 24% 32% 20% Age 70+ 25% 16% 37% 22%

Upper Valley 17% 38% 36% 9% Lower Valley 22% 20% 33% 25%

Inmarried 9% 36% 32% 22% Intermarried 24% 27% 37% 12% Not married 30% 23% 33% 14%

Children in the household 14% 26% 23% 37% No children in the household 21% 30% 37% 12% 83

Jewish Activities 5 In theIn past year, read Jewish Neverpublications: theIn past year, read Jewish Rarelypublications: theIn past year, read Jewish Occasionallypublications: theIn past year, read Jewish Frequentlypublications:

Overall 26% 32% 26% 16%

Engagement: Low 38% 44% 18% < 1% Engagement: Medium 24% 27% 32% 17% Engagement: High 1% 26% 24% 49%

Age 18-49 37% 42% 15% 6% Age 50-59 8% 27% 42% 24% Age 60-69 16% 31% 28% 25% Age 70+ 21% 22% 29% 29%

Upper Valley 29% 37% 24% 10% Lower Valley 22% 30% 26% 23%

Inmarried 4% 46% 27% 22% Intermarried 39% 20% 29% 12% Not married 41% 31% 16% 12%

Children in the household 5% 41% 24% 29% No children in the household 30% 32% 25% 13% 84

Philanthropy 1 ⌂ Past ⌂ year,made household charitable donations Past ⌂ not year, did make household charitable donations Past ⌂ year, don't know if household made charitable donations

Overall 78% 19% 3%

Engagement: Low 62% 33% 4% Engagement: Medium 85% 13% 2% Engagement: High 99% 1% 0%

Age 18-49 65% 29% 6% Age 50-59 88% 12% 0% Age 60-69 82% 16% 2% Age 70+ 89% 10% 1%

Upper Valley 73% 22% 5% Lower Valley 85% 15% < 1%

Inmarried 82% 15% 3% Intermarried 77% 20% 3% Not married 78% 20% 2%

Children in the household 81% 15% 4% No children in the household 78% 20% 2% 85

Philanthropy 2 ⌂ Past ⌂ year: were donations All to Jewish organizations Past ⌂ year: Mostwere donations to Jewish organizations Past ⌂ year: to Jewish Donations and were organizations non-Jewish about equal Past ⌂ year: Mostwere donations to organizations non-Jewish Past ⌂ year: were donations All to non- Jewish organizations

Overall 4% 8% 26% 30% 32%

Engagement: Low < 1% 4% 2% 21% 73% Engagement: Medium 1% 5% 40% 46% 8% Engagement: High 12% 28% 36% 23% 2%

Age 18-49 2% 8% 29% 20% 40% Age 50-59 4% 2% 25% 45% 24% Age 60-69 5% 9% 26% 28% 32% Age 70+ 2% 16% 20% 34% 28%

Upper Valley 1% 6% 18% 37% 38% Lower Valley 5% 12% 33% 25% 26%

Inmarried 8% 16% 28% 37% 11% Intermarried < 1% 7% 28% 30% 34% Not married 2% 5% 20% 28% 45%

Children in the household 6% 12% 32% 28% 23% No children in the household 2% 8% 23% 32% 34% 86

Philanthropy 3 ⌂ Past ⌂ yearto Jewish donations were organizations all local Past ⌂ yearto Jewish donations were organizations mostlylocal Past ⌂ yearto Jewish donations were organizations half non- half local, local Past ⌂ yearto Jewish donations some were organizations, local Past ⌂ yearto Jewish donations none were organizations, local Past ⌂ yearto Jewish donations don't know organizations,

Overall 14% 8% 3% 31% 36% 8%

Engagement: Low 11% 3% 0% 33% 52% 2% Engagement: Medium 15% 13% 2% 14% 46% 10% Engagement: High 7% 18% 15% 45% 11% 4%

Age 18-49 21% 17% 1% 21% 39% 1% Age 50-59 7% 5% 7% 13% 52% 15% Age 60-69 23% 16% 3% 31% 22% 4% Age 70+ 4% 14% 9% 37% 28% 7%

Upper Valley 12% 9% 5% 28% 33% 13% Lower Valley 14% 16% 5% 23% 40% 2%

Inmarried 14% 16% 9% 35% 13% 13% Intermarried 17% 6% 2% 20% 51% 4% Not married 7% 19% 4% 19% 47% 4%

Children in the household 19% 11% 7% 20% 42% 1% No children in the household 12% 13% 4% 27% 35% 9% 87

Philanthropy 4 ⌂ Past ⌂ year,made household to Jewishdonations congregation (other than dues) Past ⌂ year,made household to federation donations Past ⌂ year,made household to Jewishcamp or donations school Past ⌂ year,made household to a donations Jewish-sponsored servicehuman agency Past ⌂ year,made household to a donations Jewishsocial justice organization Past ⌂ year,made household to: other donations

Overall 21% 13% 11% 9% 7% 12%

Engagement: Low < 1% 2% < 1% 3% 1% 3% Engagement: Medium 24% 15% 13% 18% 10% 17% Engagement: High 76% 46% 37% 38% 33% 36%

Age 18-49 13% 4% 9% 7% 5% 5% Age 50-59 23% 17% 14% 16% 10% 9% Age 60-69 22% 15% 9% 16% 9% 18% Age 70+ 30% 26% 13% 18% 14% 25%

Upper Valley 17% 6% 8% 7% 8% 9% Lower Valley 24% 22% 14% 20% 9% 17%

Inmarried 45% 29% 23% 25% 15% 20% Intermarried 10% 8% 8% 6% 6% 8% Not married 13% 6% 5% 11% 7% 12%

Children in the household 28% 14% 26% 16% 11% 10% No children in the household 18% 13% 7% 12% 8% 13% 88

Philanthropy 5 In past In year, received requests to make to charitablePioneer donations Valley Jewish organizations past In year, receivenot did requests to make to charitablePioneer donations Valley Jewish organizations past In year,not does know if received requestsmake to charitable donations Valley to Pioneer Jewish organizations

Overall 48% 38% 14%

Engagement: Low 19% 72% 9% Engagement: Medium 50% 35% 15% Engagement: High 89% 6% 5%

Age 18-49 36% 53% 11% Age 50-59 60% 32% 7% Age 60-69 66% 17% 17% Age 70+ 76% 14% 10%

Upper Valley 38% 50% 11% Lower Valley 65% 24% 11%

Inmarried 79% 13% 8% Intermarried 34% 48% 18% Not married 30% 64% 5%

Children in the household 61% 34% 5% No children in the household 49% 38% 13% 89

Federation 1 Respondent is familiar with the Jewish Federation of Western Mass Rate federation's overall impact on the community: Very negative Rate federation's overall impact on the community: Somewhat negative Rate federation's overall impact on the community: Neutral Rate federation's overall impact on the community: Somewhat positive Rate federation's overall impact on the community: Very positive Rate federation's overall impact on the community: Don't know

Overall 52% 0% 1% 13% 23% 21% 41%

Engagement: Low 33% 0% 1% 8% 37% 6% 47% Engagement: Medium 59% < 1% 1% 16% 14% 35% 33% Engagement: High 84% 2% 3% 23% 25% 9% 38%

Age 18-49 35% 1% < 1% 9% 13% 28% 49% Age 50-59 74% < 1% 1% 21% 16% 18% 45% Age 60-69 76% < 1% 2% 29% 40% 17% 13% Age 70+ 65% 1% 5% 14% 26% 19% 35%

Upper Valley 48% 1% 1% 12% 15% 24% 46% Lower Valley 60% 1% 2% 20% 27% 18% 31%

Inmarried 80% 1% 2% 17% 22% 21% 37% Intermarried 40% 0% 1% 9% 12% 31% 47% Not married 34% < 1% 1% 30% 36% 6% 26%

Children in the household 48% 1% < 1% 21% 23% 11% 44% No children in the household 55% < 1% 2% 16% 22% 24% 36% 90

Health 1 ⌂ Someone in household provides care in household Someone ⌂ someone for care providedPerson being ⌂ lives in the household care providedPerson being ⌂ lives butintheoutside the household ValleyPioneer care providedPerson being ⌂ lives theoutside of Pioneer Valley

Overall 20% 5% 11% 4%

Engagement: Low 19% 6% 8% 3% Engagement: Medium 21% 3% 16% 3% Engagement: High 25% 6% 15% 4%

Age 18-49 16% 5% 8% < 1% Age 50-59 33% < 1% 29% 4% Age 60-69 25% 5% 11% 11% Age 70+ 8% 6% 2% < 1%

Upper Valley 16% 4% 7% 5% Lower Valley 24% 4% 18% 1%

Inmarried 16% 3% 11% 2% Intermarried 25% 5% 14% 4% Not married 17% 5% 10% 2%

Children in the household 32% < 1% 23% 5% No children in the household 16% 5% 9% 2% 91

Health 2 ⌂ Person being care providedPerson being ⌂ is parent/in-law care providedPerson being ⌂ is adult child care providedPerson being ⌂ is spouse partneror care providedPerson being ⌂ child is a under 18 care providedPerson being ⌂ is someone else

Overall 13% 1% 3% 0% 4%

Engagement: Low 6% 1% 3% 0% 7% Engagement: Medium 18% 1% 1% < 1% 2% Engagement: High 18% 3% 3% < 1% 2%

Age 18-49 4% 1% 4% < 1% 6% Age 50-59 31% 1% 0% < 1% 2% Age 60-69 17% 3% 1% 1% 5% Age 70+ 4% 1% 3% < 1% 1%

Upper Valley 10% 1% 3% < 1% 3% Lower Valley 15% 2% 1% < 1% 5%

Inmarried 13% 1% 3% < 1% 1% Intermarried 16% < 1% 3% < 1% 3% Not married 8% 3% 0% 0% 6%

Children in the household 24% < 1% 0% < 1% 4% No children in the household 9% 2% 3% < 1% 4% 92

Health 3 ⌂ Close⌂ relative(s) lives in nursing in thehome Valley Pioneer Close⌂ relative(s) lives in nursing theoutside home of Pioneer Valley Close⌂ relatives live in nursing home outsidethenursing home in and ValleyPioneer close No relative⌂ lives in nursing home elderly,If respondent lives in nursing home elderly,If moving respondent plans on withinhome theto nursing next 5 years

Overall 16% 9% 0% 75% 7% 10%

Engagement: Low 12% 2% 0% 86% 1% 13% Engagement: Medium 19% 13% < 1% 68% 7% 12% Engagement: High 24% 14% < 1% 62% 13% 11%

Age 18-49 9% 3% 0% 89% Age 50-59 32% 13% < 1% 55% Age 60-69 17% 18% < 1% 65% 0% 0% Age 70+ 6% 2% 0% 92% 8% 16%

Upper Valley 11% 7% < 1% 82% 10% 9% Lower Valley 22% 10% < 1% 68% 3% 14%

Inmarried 17% 7% < 1% 76% 7% 11% Intermarried 22% 9% 0% 70% < 1% 21% Not married 6% 8% 0% 86% 10% 5%

Children in the household 29% 6% < 1% 65% -- -- No children in the household 11% 9% < 1% 80% 6% 12% 93

Health 4 ⌂ Everyone⌂ insurance has in household elderly,If satisfaction with of amount time spend with on friends/family regular basis: Very dissatisfied elderly,If satisfaction with of amount time spend with on friends/family regular basis: Somewhatdissatisfied elderly,If satisfaction with of amount time spend with on friends/family regular basis: Somewhatsatisfied elderly,If satisfaction with of amount time spend with on friends/family regular basis: Very satisfied

Overall 99% 0% 7% 47% 46%

Engagement: Low 99% 0% 11% 64% 25% Engagement: Medium 99% < 1% 5% 43% 51% Engagement: High 98% 1% 4% 20% 75%

Age 18-49 99% Age 50-59 98% Age 60-69 99% -- -- 26% 57% Age 70+ 100% < 1% 5% 52% 43%

Upper Valley 98% 1% 14% 32% 53% Lower Valley 100% < 1% 3% 55% 42%

Inmarried 100% < 1% 8% 36% 55% Intermarried 99% 1% 5% 58% 37% Not married 98% < 1% 9% 57% 34%

Children in the household 100% ------No children in the household 99% < 1% 7% 46% 46% 94

Health 5 If elderly,If access to whentransportation elderly,If access to whentransportation elderly,If access to whentransportation needed: Yes,all the time needed: Yes, someof the time needed: No elderly,If anticipate access to may transportation change over the next 5 years elderly,If reason anticipate access to may transportation change: Health or disability

Overall 89% 10% 2% 74% 49%

Engagement: Low 96% 4% 0% -- -- Engagement: Medium 94% 6% 0% -- -- Engagement: High 86% 13% 1% -- --

Age 18-49 Age 50-59 Age 60-69 99% ------Age 70+ 91% 9% 0% -- --

Upper Valley 85% 15% < 1% -- -- Lower Valley 98% 2% < 1% -- --

Inmarried 91% 8% < 1% -- -- Intermarried 100% < 1% 0% -- -- Not married 89% 11% < 1% -- --

Children in the household ------No children in the household 93% 7% < 1% -- -- 95

Health 6 If elderly,If reason anticipate access to may transportation change: Aging elderly,If reason anticipate access to may transportation change: Changes in frequency of transportation public elderly,If reason anticipate access to may transportation change: Cost or affordability past In ⌂ year, health issuesprevented from someone in household participating in Jewish life fully

Overall 74% 2% 22% 5%

Engagement: Low ------< 1% Engagement: Medium ------9% Engagement: High ------9%

Age 18-49 2% Age 50-59 11% Age 60-69 ------3% Age 70+ ------5%

Upper Valley ------7% Lower Valley ------3%

Inmarried ------13% Intermarried ------2% Not married ------3%

Children in the household ------2% No children in the household ------6% 96

Special Needs 1 ⌂ of Member household has a disability ⌂ of Member household has mental illness ⌂ of Member household has developmental cognitiveor disability ⌂ of Member household has learning disability ⌂ of Member household has a physical disability ⌂ of Member household has a chronic illness ⌂ of Member household has another disability

Overall 35% 11% 6% 9% 10% 22% 2%

Engagement: Low 41% 13% 2% 12% 13% 28% 4% Engagement: Medium 32% 11% 8% 8% 11% 16% < 1% Engagement: High 34% 6% 6% 5% 9% 20% 0%

Age 18-49 32% 20% 3% 13% 5% 17% 0% Age 50-59 40% 11% 13% 14% 12% 29% 0% Age 60-69 21% 4% 4% 3% 8% 10% < 1% Age 70+ 50% < 1% 2% 0% 24% 30% 9%

Upper Valley 39% 12% 8% 12% 13% 27% < 1% Lower Valley 32% 9% 2% 5% 9% 14% 4%

Inmarried 36% 2% 13% 9% 16% 25% 0% Intermarried 36% 15% 1% 7% 14% 21% 0% Not married 35% 13% 5% 11% 3% 19% 5%

Children in the household 12% 3% 3% 5% < 1% 4% 0% No children in the household 42% 13% 6% 10% 14% 26% 2% 97

Special Needs 2 ⌂ of Member household has impairing disability ⌂ of Member household with disability has not received all services needed to help ⌂ of Member household with disability has allreceived neededservices to help ⌂ of Member household with disability does not require services

Overall 54% 22% 48% 30%

Engagement: Low 60% 16% 46% 37% Engagement: Medium 51% 23% 58% 19% Engagement: High 53% 41% 34% 25%

Age 18-49 46% 32% 54% 13% Age 50-59 68% 16% 59% 25% Age 60-69 48% 45% 30% 25% Age 70+ 57% 10% 38% 53%

Upper Valley 56% 23% 55% 23% Lower Valley 53% 21% 40% 39%

Inmarried 54% 14% 65% 21% Intermarried 40% 37% 24% 39% Not married 75% 16% 56% 28%

Children in the household 15% 24% 22% 55% No children in the household 58% 22% 49% 29% 98

Special Needs 3 ⌂ In past year, household has not sought forservices this disability ⌂ In past year, household has sought but did not services receive for this disability ⌂ In past year, household has sought and received forservices this disability ⌂ Someone in household needs assistance with housekeeping ⌂ Someone in household needs assistance with home maintenance ⌂ Someone in household needs assistance with personal care

Overall 17% < 1% 83% 20% 9% 3%

Engagement: Low ------25% 6% < 1% Engagement: Medium 47% 4% 49% 31% 24% 4% Engagement: High 36% 48% 16% 24% 21% 10%

Age 18-49 ------19% 8% 3% Age 50-59 ------25% 24% < 1% Age 60-69 ------28% 30% 4% Age 70+ ------37% 9% 5%

Upper Valley 15% 6% 78% 19% 19% 2% Lower Valley ------38% 9% 4%

Inmarried 27% 19% 54% 36% 28% 6% Intermarried ------22% 8% 2% Not married ------25% 13% 2%

Children in the household ------4% < 1% < 1% No children in the household 26% 14% 60% 28% 16% 3% 99

Well Being 1 Respondent full working time Respondent partworking time Respondent workingnot Respondent retired Respondent is currently for looking work

Overall 41% 28% 11% 21% 17%

Engagement: Low 33% 33% 13% 20% 23% Engagement: Medium 45% 25% 12% 19% 18% Engagement: High 47% 21% 4% 27% 4%

Age 18-49 49% 43% 8% 0% 23% Age 50-59 51% 10% 25% 13% 19% Age 60-69 37% 13% 10% 41% 14% Age 70+ 9% 18% 2% 71% 1%

Upper Valley 45% 28% 16% 12% 14% Lower Valley 36% 28% 5% 32% 21%

Inmarried 45% 17% 15% 23% 6% Intermarried 48% 31% 2% 20% 23% Not married 24% 42% 14% 20% 28%

Children in the household 59% 17% -- -- 24% No children in the household 36% 30% 10% 23% 16% 100

Well Being 2 ⌂ Total household income in 2018:Total⌂ household Less than than $25,000 income in 2018:Total⌂ household $25,000-49,999 income in 2018:Total⌂ household $50,000-$74,999 income in 2018:Total⌂ household $75,000-$99,999 income in 2018:Total⌂ household $100,000-$149,999

Overall 10% 14% 12% 12% 12%

Engagement: Low 11% 21% 10% 17% 3% Engagement: Medium 13% 10% 12% 11% 14% Engagement: High 4% 14% 18% 5% 21%

Age 18-49 19% 17% 7% 19% 11% Age 50-59 8% 13% 5% 10% 18% Age 60-69 2% 8% 23% 7% 8% Age 70+ 2% 18% 17% 6% 9%

Upper Valley 10% 15% 9% 17% 14% Lower Valley 10% 13% 15% 7% 10%

Inmarried 1% 2% 20% 16% 12% Intermarried 10% 11% 3% 16% 14% Not married 18% 28% 16% 5% 8%

Children in the household 5% < 1% 7% 19% 23% No children in the household 12% 18% 13% 10% 9% 101

Well Being 3 ⌂ Total household income in 2018:Total⌂ household $150,000-$199,999 income in 2018:Total⌂ household $200,000 more or income in 2018:Total⌂ household Prefernotanswer to isprosperous Household ⌂ living veryHousehold ⌂ comfortably living reasonably Household ⌂ comfortably

Overall 8% 9% 24% 14% 18% 50%

Engagement: Low 10% 6% 22% 8% 16% 53% Engagement: Medium 7% 13% 20% 16% 15% 52% Engagement: High 4% 6% 28% 12% 37% 35%

Age 18-49 4% 5% 17% 10% 9% 52% Age 50-59 10% 18% 18% 19% 16% 43% Age 60-69 10% 10% 32% 16% 30% 44% Age 70+ 9% 5% 35% 13% 26% 59%

Upper Valley 8% 6% 21% 12% 21% 46% Lower Valley 7% 12% 27% 15% 15% 55%

Inmarried 8% 7% 35% 12% 23% 58% Intermarried 12% 13% 21% 22% 17% 53% Not married 1% 4% 19% 5% 17% 39%

Children in the household 13% 20% 13% 26% 22% 42% No children in the household 6% 6% 27% 10% 17% 52% 102

Well Being 4 ⌂ Household just Household gettingnearly⌂ along, poor or poor, Very⌂ confident will have enough money to live throughout comfortably retirement years Somewhat ⌂ confident will have money enough to live comfortably retirementthroughout years ⌂ Uncertainwill have money enough to live comfortably throughout retirement years veryNot ⌂ confident will have enough money to live throughout comfortably retirement years atNot ⌂ confident all will have enough money to live throughout comfortably retirement years

Overall 18% 15% 37% 29% 9% 11%

Engagement: Low 23% 11% 37% 33% 10% 9% Engagement: Medium 17% 16% 32% 28% 11% 14% Engagement: High 15% 26% 38% 27% 1% 7%

Age 18-49 28% 6% 28% 34% 16% 16% Age 50-59 22% 11% 34% 38% 6% 10% Age 60-69 10% 22% 48% 16% 5% 9% Age 70+ 3% 28% 44% 25% 1% 2%

Upper Valley 21% 12% 39% 32% 7% 12% Lower Valley 16% 18% 34% 27% 11% 10%

Inmarried 7% 22% 42% 26% 4% 6% Intermarried 9% 13% 39% 27% 13% 8% Not married 39% 11% 29% 35% 7% 18%

Children in the household 11% 10% 46% 33% 3% 9% No children in the household 20% 16% 34% 29% 10% 11% 103

Well Being 5 ⌂ Household receives Household ⌂ aid: SSISSDIor receives Household ⌂ aid: Home energy utilityor assistance programs receives Household ⌂ aid: Unemployment benefits receives Household ⌂ aid: Food housing, stamps, subsidized SNAP, daycaremedicaid or assistance experienced in household Someone ⌂ becausehardship changeeconomic of a in: Employment experienced in household Someone ⌂ becausehardship changeeconomic of a in: Housing

Overall 22% 7% < 1% 23% 23% 5%

Engagement: Low 17% 16% 1% 25% 24% 7% Engagement: Medium 18% 11% < 1% 24% 27% 2% Engagement: High 12% 10% 0% 19% 7% 3%

Age 18-49 21% 22% < 1% 37% 31% 9% Age 50-59 13% 7% 2% 13% 30% 4% Age 60-69 15% 7% 0% 15% 13% 2% Age 70+ 10% 3% 0% 4% 4% 0%

Upper Valley 12% 10% < 1% 20% 29% 5% Lower Valley 20% 16% 1% 26% 16% 5%

Inmarried 6% 2% < 1% 9% 19% 1% Intermarried 22% 15% 0% 28% 21% 7% Not married 17% 17% 1% 27% 28% 6%

Children in the household 9% 3% < 1% 24% 24% 10% No children in the household 18% 15% 1% 22% 23% 4% 104

Well Being 6 ⌂ Someone in household experienced in household Someone ⌂ becausehardship changeeconomic of a in: Health experienced in household Someone ⌂ becausehardship changeeconomic of a in: Family structure does havenot emergencyHousehold ⌂ to cover funds threemonths of expenses not could anpay Household ⌂ unexpected $400 emergencyexpense

Overall 11% 4% 43% 12%

Engagement: Low 9% 6% 43% 14% Engagement: Medium 11% 14% 44% 9% Engagement: High 11% 5% 33% 10%

Age 18-49 9% 14% 55% 16% Age 50-59 19% 1% 60% 12% Age 60-69 10% 12% 32% 6% Age 70+ 1% < 1% 5% < 1%

Upper Valley 12% 3% 50% 14% Lower Valley 8% 15% 37% 8%

Inmarried 13% 2% 49% 3% Intermarried 2% 13% 41% 9% Not married 16% 9% 43% 18%

Children in the household 3% 2% 49% 14% No children in the household 11% 10% 42% 10% 105

Well Being 7 ⌂ In past In ⌂ year,missedor household reduced rent/mortgage payement past In ⌂ year,missedor household reduced a meal past In ⌂ year,missedor household reduced a medication prescription for past In ⌂ year, in household someone participatenot could fully in Jewish-life because of financial reasons

Overall 7% 6% 5% 10%

Engagement: Low 4% 7% < 1% 4% Engagement: Medium 10% 9% 7% 15% Engagement: High 13% 5% 4% 19%

Age 18-49 5% 12% 7% 10% Age 50-59 21% 5% 3% 12% Age 60-69 1% 2% 1% 17% Age 70+ 3% 0% < 1% 3%

Upper Valley 9% 7% 3% 12% Lower Valley 5% 7% 5% 8%

Inmarried 9% 1% 2% 7% Intermarried 9% 5% 3% 10% Not married 5% 13% 7% 12%

Children in the household 9% 9% 4% 15% No children in the household 7% 6% 4% 9% 106

Appendix C. Latent Class Analysis Latent Class Analysis (LCA) is a method (Henry & Lazarsfeld, 1968) for uncovering the latent dimensions that explain the associations between categorical variables. It is a statistical method that is designed to identify latent variables. Latent variables are hypothesized variables of interest that cannot be measured directly in a dataset but are measured indirectly through variables that can be included (observed or manifest variables). As an illustration, “Jewish engagement” cannot be measured directly on a survey, but it is the latent variable of interest for the present study (Aronson et al., 2018). Unlike factor analysis, a more frequently utilized method of cluster analysis, the goal of LCA is to identify classifications of people rather than groups of variables or characteristics. The latent variable for LCA is a categorical variable representing multiple classes or types of people. Each individual is assumed to be a member of only one class. The LCA method assigns, for each case in the dataset, a probability that the case is a member of each class. This assignment is based on the pattern of responses to the observed variables used in the analysis. An excellent explanation of these techniques can be found at http://nap.edu/18623 (Institute of Medicine 2014). The present study uses a modern version of LCA, a Stata plugin, to estimate the latent classes (Lanza et al., 2015). Latent class analysis works with the patterns and attempts to group them in such a way that within each group, called a class, there is no association between the items. The latent class is called latent because, although it is actually not in the variable set, it accounts for the associations between the manifest variables in the same way that a third variable can account for the observed association between two variables. In the classic example of a nonsensical statement, “The more firemen at a fire, the greater the damage,” the association is accounted for by a third variable—the size of the fire. The greater the fire, the more firemen; the greater the fire, the more damage. In technical terms, this is called “local independence,” which is also an assumption of factor analysis. The goal of completely accounting for the associations is rarely met, in part because there are so many empty cells, as well as the messiness of real data. Rather, the method tries to find through iterative fitting the right number of classes and relationship between them that minimizes the discrepancy between a perfect fit and the actual data. To develop an index of Jewish engagement for the present report, 18 items were used to represent the range of Jewish behaviors (Table C.1.) These items were selected to include ritual, communal, and cultural behaviors, as well as public and private behaviors. In all cases when items had more than two possible response levels, responses were dichotomized with the cutoff based on the distribution of responses in the original variable. After conducting the latent class analysis, a three-class solution was identified. Latent Class Analysis was conducted in Stata version 15 using a user-developed LCA Stata Plugin developed by the Methodology Center at Penn State (Lanza et al., 2015). Solutions were examined for up to nine classes, as shown in Figure C.1. The three class solution was selected as the point where the goodness-of-fit measures “level off”, that is, improvement by adding more classes begin to decline. In addition, the three-class solution made intuitive sense. As in factor analysis, the number of classes, like the number of factors, is partly a matter of theory and intuition and the labels for the classes and factors are given by the analyst and are not in the data themselves. In addition to various indexes of fit, the output of the Stata program among other matters shows the size of the classes, the probability that a particular indicator would be endorsed by a member of a particular class, and the limits of confidence for the various parameters. The output is voluminous and not presented in this report. As is the case with factor analysis, the names of the classes were developed by researchers and community representatives to characterize the distinguishing behaviors of each class. 107

FIGURE C.1. GOODNESS-OF-FIT MEASURES FOR 2 THROUGH 9 LCA CLASSES 8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

r(AdjustedBIC) r(caic) r(bic) r(aic) r(Gsquared)

Table C.1 shows the conditional response probabilities for each behavior in the LCA analysis with the three- class solution. The first row of the table shows the probability of a random respondent being categorized in each of the three classes. The remaining rows show the conditional response probability of each behavior: the probability that a randomly selected member of a class will exhibit the given behavior. For example, for those in the class we called “Low,” the estimated probability of attending a seder was 52% as compared with 99% for those labelled “High.” NOTE: This table should not be confused with Table 4.1 in the main report, which shows weighted proportions of class membership and of each behavior within the dataset, rather than conditional probabilities as estimated by the LCA algorithm.

108

TABLE C.1. CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY PREDICTED BY LATENT CLASS MODEL Low (%) Medium (%) High (%) % of Jewish adults 39 41 20 Family holidays Attended Seder 52 94 99 Lit Hanukkah Candles 70 99 100 Ritual practices Have mezuzah in home 36 63 98 Services monthly + 0 5 79 Attended High Holy Day services 9 78 99 Fasted on Yom Kippur 29 76 100 Kosher at home/always 4 1 63 Shabbat candles/dinner sometimes or frequently 4 17 64 Organizational activities Synagogue member 5 21 99 Member of other Jewish organization 5 21 84 Donated to Jewish charity (past year) 12 81 98 Volunteered for Jewish organization sometimes or frequently (past year) 8 19 60 Attended Jewish program monthly + 11 37 28 Read material by Jewish org monthly + 30 33 18 Individual activities (sometimes or frequently) Discussed Jewish topics 60 93 97 Read/posted/streamed Jewish content online 9 70 81 Read Jewish material 19 49 75 Jewish cultural activities 20 68 88

Slides 20 and 21 of this report describe the distribution within each of the engagement groups of demographic and Jewish background characteristics. Tables C.2 and C.3 below provide additional information for reference. They show the distribution of engagement groups within each demographic or Jewish characteristic. For example, Slide 20 shows, within each engagement group, what proportion fall into each age category. By contrast, the first row of Table C.2, labelled 18-49, shows what proportion of 18-49 year-olds fall within each engagement category. 109

TABLE C.2. DEMOGRAPHICS BY JEWISH ENGAGEMENT Low (%) Medium (%) High (%) Total (%) Overall 39 41 20 100 Age 18-49 48 35 17 100 50-59 18 63 19 100 60-69 37 44 19 100 70+ 49 23 28 100 Gender Male 46 38 17 100 Female 35 42 22 100 Region Upper Valley 47 39 14 100 Lower Valley 33 40 27 100 Marital status Inmarried 23 41 36 100 Intermarried 55 39 6 100 Not married 50 39 11 100 Parent status Parent 19 34 46 100 Not Parent 46 41 13 100

TABLE C.3. JEWISH BACKGROUND BY JEWISH ENGAGEMENT Low (%) Medium (%) High (%) Total (%) Overall 39 41 20 100 Denomination Orthodox 1 10 90 100 Conservative 22 42 37 100 Reform 20 62 18 100 Other 11 65 24 100 None 68 30 2 100 Jewish background Parents inmarried 32 47 21 100 Parents intermarried 75 12 13 100 No Jewish parents (converted) 2 51 46 100 Childhood Jewish education Jewish education 35 43 21 100 No Jewish education 59 27 14 100

110

References Aronson, J.K., L. Saxe, C. Kadushin, M. Boxer, & M.A. Brookner. (2018). A new approach to understanding contemporary Jewish engagement. Contemporary Jewry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12397-018-9271-8 Henry, N.W., & Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1968). Latent structure analysis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Institute of Medicine. (2014). Chronic Multisympton Illness in Gulf War Veterans: Case Definitions Reexamined. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/18623. http://nap.edu/18623 LCA Stata Plugin (Version 1.2) [Software]. (2015). University Park: The Methodology Center, Penn State. Retrieved from methodology.psu.edu Lanza, S. T., J. J. Dziak, L. Huang, A. T. Wagner, & L. M. Collins. (2015). LCA Stata plugin users' guide (Version 1.2). University Park, Penn State, PA: The Methodology Center, Penn State. https://methodology.psu.edu/downloads/lcastata.

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Appendix D. Codebook

2019 Western Massachusetts Jewish Community Study Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies

SCREENER

SCRLIVE Do you live in the Pioneer Valley, Enfield, CT, or Brattleboro, VT for any part of the year? Response Unweighted n

0, No 282 1, Yes, in Hampden County 277 2, Yes, in Hampshire County 303 3, Yes, in Franklin County 78 4, Yes, in the Enfield area 20 5, Yes, in the Brattleboro area 7

Total 967

IF SCRLIVE=YES SCRCONJEW Do you or any other adult in your household consider themselves to be Jewish? Response Unweighted n

No 110 Yes 574

Total 684

IF SCRCONJEW=NO SCRPARJEW Do you or any adult in your household have a Jewish parent or were raised Jewish? Response Unweighted n

No 96 Yes 14

Total 110 112

HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION

HHADNUM How many adults (age 18 or older) usually live in your household -- including yourself? Response Weighted % n

1 18 102 2 58 370 3 16 55 4 7 23 5 < 1 4

Total 100 554

HHCHNUM How many children (age 17 or younger) usually live in your household? Response Weighted % n

0 78 426 1 15 62 2 6 47 3 < 1 14 4 < 1 4 5 < 1 1

Total 100 554

HHZIP What is the ZIP code of your address in the Pioneer Valley? Response Unweighted n

01001 < 10 01002 68 01007 < 10 01010 < 10 01012 < 10 01020 < 10 01023 < 10 01027 21 01028 10 01030 < 10 01033 < 10 113

01035 < 10 01038 < 10 01039 < 10 01040 12 01050 < 10 01053 < 10 01054 < 10 01056 < 10 01057 < 10 01060 73 01062 41 01069 < 10 01070 < 10 01072 < 10 01073 < 10 01075 20 01077 < 10 01079 < 10 01082 < 10 01084 < 10 01085 < 10 01089 < 10 01093 < 10 01095 11 01096 < 10 01098 < 10 01106 116 01108 20 01109 < 10 01118 < 10 01119 < 10 01128 < 10 01160 < 10 01301 16 01330 < 10 01337 < 10 01340 < 10 01341 < 10 01342 < 10 01351 < 10 01360 < 10 01364 < 10 01367 < 10 01370 < 10 01373 < 10 01375 < 10 01376 < 10 02032 < 10 06070 < 10 06082 11 114

10075 < 10 99999 < 10

Total 554

RESPONDENT DEMOGRAPHICS

RESPGENDER What is your gender? Response Weighted % n

1, Male 42 203 2, Female 55 334 3, Prefer to identify another way 2 6

Total 100 543

RESPGENDER_OTH What is your gender? Other [textbox] 6 responses RESPAGE How old are you? Response Weighted % n

1, 18-49 47 121 2, 50-59 20 103 3, 60-69 16 158 4, 70+ 18 154

Total 100 536

IF RESPAGE =18 or 19 RESPHS Are you currently enrolled in high school? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 4

Total 100 4

115

RESPEDU What is the highest level of schooling you have completed? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 2 2, High school diploma 11 12 3, Some college or technical sch 16 32 4, Associate or technical degree 3 11 5, Bachelor's degree 25 134 6, Graduate degree (e.g. MA, MS, JD, MD, PhD) 45 349 7, Other < 1 3

Total 100 543

RESPEDU_OTH What is the highest level of schooling you have completed? Other [textbox] 9 responses

RESPRELIG What is your religion, if any? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 1 15 1, Jewish 68 458 2, Jewish and another religion 11 27 3, Christian 1 3 4, Buddhist < 1 1 7, Atheist 7 17 8, Agnostic 9 17 9, Other religion 3 5

Total 100 543

RESPRELIG_JOTH What is your religion, if any? Jewish and something else [textbox] 28 responses RESPRELIG_OROTH What is your religion, if any? Other religion [textbox] 8 responses 116

IF RESPRELIG IS NOT JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION RESPCONSIDER Aside from religion, do you consider yourself Jewish? Response Weighted % n

1, Yes 100 59

Total 100 59

NOTE: IF RESPRELIG IS JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION OR RESPCONSDIER IS YES, RESPONDENT IS JEWISH RESPPARF Did you have Jewish parents? I had one or more Jewish fathers Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 13 64 1, I had one or more Jewish fathers 87 479

Total 100 543

RESPPARM Did you have Jewish parents? I had one or more Jewish mothers Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 14 64 1, I had one or more Jewish mothers 86 479

Total 100 543

RESPPARN Did you have Jewish parents? I had no Jewish parents Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 97 516 1, I had no Jewish parents 3 27

Total 100 543

117

RESPRELRSD Were you raised… Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 1 5 1, Jewish 75 456 2, Jewish and another religion 7 16 3, No religion 10 37 4, Other religion 7 29

Total 100 543

RESPRELRSD_JOTH Were you raised… Jewish and something else [textbox] 16 responses RESPRELRSD_OROTH Were you raised… Other religion [textbox] 40 responses (IF RJEWISH=1 AND RESPPARN = 1) AND (RESPRELRSD=NO RELIGION OR OTHER RELIGION) RESPCONVERT Did you have a formal conversion to Judaism? Response Weighted % n

1, Yes 100 24

Total 100 24

IF RESPCONVERT=NO RESPWAYJEW Earlier, you said that you think of yourself as Jewish in some way. In your own words, could you please describe in what way you consider yourself Jewish? [textbox] 3 responses

118

IF RESPPARF= YES AND/OR RESPPARM= YES OR RESPRELRSD=JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION RESPSCH During grades K-12, did you ever attend a part-time or full-time Jewish school (e.g., a Hebrew School or Jewish day school)? Response Weighted % n

0, No 24 119 1, Yes 76 399

Total 100 518

RESPBARBAT Did you have a bar or bat mitzvah? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 4 0, No 38 206 1, Yes, as a child (age 12 or 13) 60 292 2, Yes, as an adult 2 41

Total 100 543

IF RJEWISH=1 RESPDENOM With which branch of Judaism do you currently identify, if any? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 4 1, Orthodox 8 41 2, Conservative 18 160 3, Reconstructionist 6 43 4, Reform 20 114 5, Renewal 1 12 6, Secular/Culturally Jewish 25 95 7, Just Jewish 22 65 8, Other 1 9

Total 100 543

119

RESPDENOM_OTH With which branch of Judaism do you currently identify, if any? Other [textbox] 25 responses

ADULT ROSTER

IF HHADNUM > 1 HHADRLT2 What is your relationship to this adult? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 1, Your spouse 71 373 2, Your adult child 11 23 4, Your parent 7 14 8, Your sibling < 1 1 10, Your significant other or partner 8 31 11, Your roommate/housemate 3 8 12, Other < 1 1

Total 100 452

HHADRLT2_OTH What is your relationship to this adult? Other [textbox] 1 response HHADGENDER2 What is this adult's gender? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 1 15 1, Male 59 237 2, Female 37 191 3, Prefers to identify another way 3 9

Total 100 452

120

HHADGENDER2_OTH What is this adult’s gender? Something not listed here [textbox] 9 responses HHADAGE2 What is {his/her/their} age? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 3 18-49 42 119 50-59 18 90 60-69 22 120 70+ 18 120

Total 100 452

IF HHADAGE2 = 18 or 19 HHADHS2 {Is he / Is she / Are they} currently enrolled in high school? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 0, No 99 4

Total 100 5

IF HHADRLT2 = (YOUR ADULT CHILD (2) OR YOUR STEPCHILD (3)) and HHADHS2= NO or BLANK HHADWHERE2 Where {does he/does she/do they} live for most of the year? Response Weighted % n

1, At home with you 86 15 2, At school in the Pioneer Valley 3 3 3, At school outside of the Pioneer Valley 11 5

Total 100 23

121

HHADRELIG2 What is {his/her/their} religion? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 2 5 1, Jewish 35 278 2, Jewish and another religion 5 14 3, Christian 19 56 4, Buddhist < 1 5 6, Muslim < 1 1 7, Atheist 8 26 8, Agnostic 14 31 9, Other religion 16 36

Total 100 452

HHADRELIG2_JOTH What is {his/her/their} religion? Jewish and something else [textbox] 13 responses HHADRELIG2_OROTH What is {his/her/their} religion? Other religion [textbox] 33 responses IF HHADRELIG2 IS NOT JEWISH (1) OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION (2) HHADCONSIDER2 Aside from religion, {does he / does she / do they} consider {himself/herself/themselves} Jewish? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 2 0, No 77 128 1, Yes 23 30

Total 100 160

122

HHADPARF2 {He/ She / They} had one or more Jewish fathers Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 65 190 1, They had one or more Jewish fathers 35 262

Total 100 452

HHADPARM2 {He/ She / They} had one or more Jewish mothers Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 60 182 1, They had one or more Jewish mothers 40 270

Total 100 452

HHADPARN2 {He/ She / They} had no Jewish parents Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 44 288 1, They had no Jewish parents 56 164

Total 100 452

HHADRELRSD2 In what religion {was he / was she / were they} raised? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 1 19 1, Jewish 33 244 2, Jewish and another religion 2 7 3, No religion 15 41 4, Other religion 49 141

Total 100 452

123

HHADRELRSD2_JOTH In what religion {was he / was she / were they} raised? Jewish and something else [textbox] 7 responses HHADRELRSD2_OROTH In what religion {was he / was she / were they} raised? Other religion 136 responses IF (HHADRELIG2 = JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION OR HHADCONSIDER2 = YES) AND (HHADPARN2 = YES AND (HHADRELRSD2 = NO RELIGION OR OTHER RELIGION)) HHADCONVERT2 Did {he/she/they} have a formal conversion to Judaism? Response Weighted % n

0, No 33 10 1, Yes 63 23 2, In process 4 4

Total 100 37

IF HHADRELIG2 = JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION OR HHADCONSIDER2 = YES HHADDENOM2 With which branch of Judaism {does he / does she / do they} identify, if any? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 4 5 1, Orthodox 7 27 2, Conservative 25 95 3, Reconstructionist 5 25 4, Reform 20 69 5, Renewal 1 2 6, Secular/culturally Jewish 20 41 7, Just Jewish 13 40 8, Other 5 18

Total 100 322

124

HHADDENOM2_OTH With which branch of Judaism {does he / does she / do they} identify, if any? Other [textbox] 16 responses IF HHADNUM > 2 HHADRLT3 What is your relationship to this adult? Response Weighted % n

1, Your spouse 3 2 2, Your adult child 58 57 3, Your adult stepchild < 1 2 4, Your parent 12 3 6, Your mother- or father-in-law 2 1 7, Your daughter- or son-in-law < 1 2 8, Your sibling 4 2 9, Your fiancé/e 2 1 11, Your roommate/housemate 15 10 12, Other 3 2

Total 100 82

HHADRLT3_OTH What is your relationship to this adult? Other [textbox] 2 responses HHADGENDER3 What is this adult's gender? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 3 3 1, Male 46 35 2, Female 39 40 3, Prefers to identify another way 13 4

Total 100 82

HHADGENDER3_OTH What is this adult’s gender? Something not listed here [textbox] 4 responses

125

HHADAGE3 What is {his/her/their} age? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 1 2 18-49 76 71 50-59 2 2 60-69 11 3 70+ 9 4

Total 100 82

IF HHADAGE3 = 18 or 19 HHADHS3 {Is he / Is she / Are they} currently enrolled in high school? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 0, No 74 17 1, Yes 26 3

Total 100 21

IF HHADHS3= YES HHADSCHOOL3 In what type of school {are they} enrolled? Response Weighted % n

1, Public school < 1 1 3, Jewish day school or yeshiva < 1 1 5, Other (e,g,, homeschooling) 100 1

Total 100 3

126

IF HHADHS3= YES HHEADJEWED3 Since June 2019, has the third adult participated in any other form of Jewish education? Response Weighted % n

0, No < 1 1 1, Yes 100 2

Total 100 3

IF HHADRLT3 = (YOUR ADULT CHILD (2) OR YOUR STEPCHILD (3)) and HHADHS3= NO or BLANK HHADWHERE3 Where {does he/does she/do they} live for most of the year? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 1, At home with you 68 29 2, At school in the Pioneer Valley 12 4 3, At school outside of the Pioneer Valley 14 16 5, Outside of the Pioneer Valley 6 6

Total 100 56

HHADRELIG3 What is {his/her/their} religion? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 10 4 1, Jewish 40 54 2, Jewish and another religion < 1 1 3, Christian 17 4 7, Atheist 20 5 8, Agnostic 8 7 9, Other religion 4 7

Total 100 82

HHADRELIG3_JOTH What is {his/her/their} religion? Jewish and something else [textbox] 1 response 127

HHADRELIG3_OROTH What is {his/her/their} religion? Other religion [textbox] 7 responses IF HHADRELIG3 IS NOT JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION HHADCONSIDER3 Aside from religion, {does he / does she / do they} consider {himself/herself/themselves} Jewish? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 0, No 56 17 1, Yes 44 9

Total 100 27

HHADPARF3 {He/ She / They} had one or more Jewish fathers Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 54 34 1, They had one or more Jewish fathers 46 48

Total 100 82

HHADPARM3 {He/ She / They} had one or more Jewish mothers Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 44 26 1, They had one or more Jewish mothers 56 56

Total 100 82

HHADPARN3 {He/ She / They} had no Jewish parents Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 72 66 1, They had no Jewish parents 28 16

Total 100 82 128

HHADRELRSD3 In what religion {was he / was she / were they} raised? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 7 4 1, Jewish 37 50 2, Jewish and another religion 2 5 3, No religion 16 9 4, Other religion 38 14

Total 100 82

HHADRELRSD3_JOTH In what religion {was he / was she / were they} raised? Jewish and something else [textbox] 4 responses HHADRELRSD3_OROTH In what religion {was he / was she / were they} raised? Other religion [textbox] 13 responses IF (HHADRELIG3 = JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION OR HHADCONSIDER3= YES) AND (HHADPARN3= YES AND (HHADRELRSD3= NO RELIGION OR OTHER RELIGION)) HHADCONVERT3 Did {he/she/they} have a formal conversion to Judaism? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 1 1 2, In process 99 1

Total 100 2

129

IF HHADRELIG3 = JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION OR HHADCONSIDER3 = YES HHADDENOM3 With which branch of Judaism {does he / does she / do they} identify, if any? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 2 1, Orthodox 13 5 2, Conservative 11 12 3, Reconstructionist < 1 3 4, Reform 33 13 5, Renewal 3 1 6, Secular/culturally Jewish 20 14 7, Just Jewish 5 12 8, Other 13 2

Total 100 64

HHADDENOM3_OTH With which branch of Judaism {does he / does she / do they} identify, if any? Other [textbox] 2 responses IF HHADNUM > 3 HHADRLT4 What is your relationship to this adult? Response Weighted % n

2, Your adult child 50 13 4, Your parent < 1 1 7, Your daughter- or son-in-law < 1 2 8, Your sibling 13 1 11, Your roommate/housemate 29 7 12, Other 8 1

Total 100 25

HHADRLT4_OTH What is your relationship to this adult? Other [textbox] 2 responses

130

HHADGENDER4 What is this adult's gender? Response Weighted % n

1, Male 51 16 2, Female 36 7 3, Prefers to identify another way 13 2

Total 100 25

HHADGENDER4_OTH What is this adult’s gender? Something not listed here [textbox] 2 responses HHADAGE4 What is {his/her/their} age? Response Weighted % n

18-49 92 22 60-69 < 1 1 70+ 8 2

Total 100 25

IF HHADAGE4 = 18 or 19 HHADHS4 {Is he / Is she / Are they} currently enrolled in high school? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 5

Total 100 5

131

IF HHADRLT4 = (YOUR ADULT CHILD OR YOUR STEPCHILD) and HHADHS4= NO or BLANK HHADWHERE4 Where {does he/does she/do they} live for most of the year? Response Weighted % n

1, At home with you 50 5 2, At school in the Pioneer Valley 13 1 3, At school outside of the Pioneer Valley 37 7

Total 100 13

HHADRELIG4 What is {his/her/their} religion? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 21 1 1, Jewish 54 12 2, Jewish and another religion < 1 1 7, Atheist 3 2 8, Agnostic 9 5 9, Other religion 11 4

Total 100 25

HHADRELIG4_JOTH What is {his/her/their} religion? Jewish and something else [textbox] 1 response HHADRELIG4_OROTH What is {his/her/their} religion? Other religion [textbox] 4 responses IF HHADRELIG4 IS NOT JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION HHADCONSIDER4 Aside from religion, {does he / does she / do they} consider {himself/herself/themselves} Jewish? Response Weighted % n

0, No 43 8 1, Yes 57 4

Total 100 12 132

HHADPARF4 {He/ She / They} had one or more Jewish fathers Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 45 13 1, They had one or more Jewish fathers 55 12

Total 100 25

HHADPARM4 {He/ She / They} had one or more Jewish mothers Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 36 13 1, They had one or more Jewish mothers 64 12

Total 100 25

HHADPARN4 {He/ She / They} had no Jewish parents Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 68 15 1, They had no Jewish parents 32 10

Total 100 25

HHADRELRSD4 In what religion {was he / was she / were they} raised? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 21 1 1, Jewish 42 11 2, Jewish and another religion 1 2 3, No religion 21 5 4, Other religion 15 6

Total 100 25

133

HHADRELRSD4_JOTH In what religion {was he / was she / were they} raised? Jewish and something else [textbox] 2 responses HHADRELRSD4_OROTH In what religion {was he / was she / were they} raised? Other religion [textbox] 5 responses IF (HHADRELIG4 = JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION OR HHADCONSIDER4= YES) AND (HHADPARN4= YES AND (HHADRELRSD4= NO RELIGION OR OTHER RELIGION)) HHADCONVERT4 Did {he/she/they} have a formal conversion to Judaism? Response Weighted % n

0, No 4 1 2, In process 96 1

Total 100 2

IF HHADRELIG4 = JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION OR HHADCONSIDER4= YES HHADDENOM4 With which branch of Judaism {does he / does she / do they} identify, if any? Response Weighted % n

2, Conservative 1 3 3, Reconstructionist 8 2 4, Reform 52 6 6, Secular/culturally Jewish 16 4 7, Just Jewish 22 1 8, Other < 1 1

Total 100 17

HHADDENOM4_OTH With which branch of Judaism {does he / does she / do they} identify, if any? Other [textbox] 1 response 134

IF HHADNUM > 4 HHADRLT5 What is your relationship to this adult? Response Weighted % n

1, Your spouse < 1 1 2, Your adult child 79 2 11, Your roommate/housemate 20 1

Total 100 4

HHADGENDER5 What is this adult's gender? Response Weighted % n

1, Male 79 2 2, Female 21 2

Total 100 4

HHADAGE5 What is {his/her/their} age? Response Weighted % n

18-49 100 3 50-59 < 1 1

Total 100 4

IF HHADAGE5 = 18 or 19 HHADHS5 {Is he / Is she / Are they} currently enrolled in high school? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 1

Total 100 1

135

IF HHADRLT5 = (YOUR ADULT CHILD OR YOUR STEPCHILD) and HHADHS5= NO or BLANK HHADWHERE5 Where {does he/does she/do they} live for most of the year? Response Weighted % n

3, At school outside of the Pioneer Valley 100 2

Total 100 2

HHADRELIG5 What is {his/her/their} religion? Response Weighted % n

1, Jewish 52 2 3, Christian 20 1 7, Atheist 28 1

Total 100 4

IF HHADRELIG5 IS NOT JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION HHADCONSIDER5 Aside from religion, {does he / does she / do they} consider {himself/herself/themselves} Jewish? Response Weighted % n

0, No 42 1 1, Yes 58 1

Total 100 2

HHADPARF5 {He/ She / They} had one or more Jewish fathers Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 72 2 1, They had one or more Jewish fathers 28 2

Total 100 4

136

HHADPARM5 {He/ She / They} had one or more Jewish mothers Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 48 2 1, They had one or more Jewish mothers 52 2

Total 100 4

HHADPARN5 {He/ She / They} had no Jewish parents Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 80 3 1, They had no Jewish parents 20 1

Total 100 4

HHADRELRSD5 In what religion {was he / was she / were they} raised? Response Weighted % n

1, Jewish 52 2 3, No religion 28 1 4, Other religion 20 1

Total 100 4

HHADRELRSD5_OROTH In what religion {was he / was she / were they} raised? Other religion [textbox] 1 response

137

IF HHADRELIG5 = JEWISH OR JEWISH AND ANOTHER RELIGION OR HHADCONSIDER5= YES HHADDENOM5 With which branch of Judaism {does he / does she / do they} identify, if any? Response Weighted % n

4, Reform 65 2 6, Secular/culturally Jewish 35 1

Total 100 3

CHILD ROSTER

IF HHCHNUM > 0 HHCHAGE1 How old is this child? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 2 3 0-5 41 30 6-12 15 37 13-17 42 57

Total 100 127

HHCHGENDER1 Is this child… Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 2 1, Male 57 72 2, Female 43 51 3, Prefers to identify another way < 1 2

Total 100 127

HHCHGENDER1_OTH Is this child… Something not listed here [textbox] 2 responses 138

HHCHRLT1 What is your relationship to {him/her/this child}? Response Weighted % n

1, Your child 82 119 2, Your stepchild < 1 1 3, Your sibling 10 1 4, Your grandchild 7 3 5, Other < 1 3

Total 100 127

HHCHRLT1_OTH What is your relationship to {him/her/this child}? Other [textbox] 4 responses HHCHGRD1 What grade is {he/she/this child} in for the 2019-20 school year? Response Weighted % n

Not yet in Kindergarten 37 27 Grades K-5 12 29 Grades 6-8 13 18 Grades 9-12 39 47 Other, please specify < 1 3

Total 100 124

HHCHGRD1_OTH What grade is {he/she/this child} in for the 2019-20 school year? Other [textbox] 3 responses

139

HHCHRELRSD1 Is this child being raised… Response Weighted % n

1, Jewish by religion 42 93 2, Secularly or culturally Jewish 29 20 3, Jewish and another religion 23 5 4, Another religion < 1 1 5, No religion < 1 5 6, Not yet decided 6 3

Total 100 127

HHCHRELRSD1_JOTH Is this child being raised… Jewish and another religion 5 responses HHCHRELRSD1_OROTH Is this child being raised… Another religion 1 response IF HHCHNUM > 1 HHCHRELSAME In terms of religion, are all of the children in the household being raised in the same way? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 0, No < 1 1 1, Yes 100 64

Total 100 66

140

IF HHCHGRD1 = GRADES K-12, OTHER (0-13) HHCHSCHOOL1 In what type of school is {he / she / this child} currently enrolled? Response Weighted % n

1, Public school 5 64 2, Charter school 18 5 3, Jewish day school or yeshiva 28 19 4, Non-Jewish private school 46 8 5, Other (e,g,, homeschooling) 3 4

Total 100 100

IF HHCHGRD1 = GRADES K-12, OTHER (0-13) HHCHJEWED1 Since June 2019, has {he / she / this child} participated in any other form of Jewish education (e.g., school, camp, youth group, tutoring, etc.)? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 2 0, No 67 49 1, Yes 33 49

Total 100 100

IF (HHCHAGE1 > 12 AND HHCHGENDER1 = MALE) OR (HHCHAGE1 > 11 AND HHCHGENDER1 = FEMALE OR NOT LISTED OR BLANK) HHCHBARBAT1 Did this child have a bar or bat mitzvah? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 1, Yes 38 44 2, Will have one in the future < 1 2 3, No 62 12

Total 100 59

141

IF HHCHNUM > 1 HHCHAGE2 How old is this child? Response Weighted % n

0-5 41 14 6-12 54 31 13-17 4 21

Total 100 66

HHCHGENDER2 Is this child… Response Weighted % n

1, Male 39 31 2, Female 60 31 3, Prefers to identify another way < 1 4

Total 100 66

HHCHGENDER2_OTH Is this child… Something not listed here [textbox] 3 responses HHCHRLT2 What is your relationship to {him/her/this child}? Response Weighted % n

1, Your child 100 63 2, Your stepchild < 1 1 4, Your grandchild < 1 2

Total 100 66

142

HHCHGRD2 What grade is {he/she/this child} in for the 2019-20 school year? Response Weighted % n

Not yet in Kindergarten 24 9 Grades K-5 65 25 Grades 6-8 7 13 Grades 9-12 4 18 Other, please specify < 1 1

Total 100 66

HHCHGRD2_OTH What grade is {he/she/this child} in for the 2019-20 school year? Other [textbox] 1 response IF HHCHRELSAME=NO HHCHRELRSD2 Is this child being raised… Response Weighted % n

1, Jewish by religion 86 48 2, Secularly or culturally Jewish 13 13 4, Another religion < 1 1 5, No religion < 1 4

Total 100 66

IF HHCHGRD2= GRADES K-12, OTHER (0-13) HHCHSCHOOL2 In what type of school is {he / she / this child} currently enrolled? Response Weighted % n

1, Public school 6 37 2, Charter school 2 4 3, Jewish day school or yeshiva 60 10 4, Non-Jewish private school 32 5 5, Other (e,g,, homeschooling) < 1 1

Total 100 57

143

IF HHCHGRD2 = GRADES K-12, OTHER (0-13) HHCHJEWED2 Since June 2019, has {he / she / this child} participated in any other form of Jewish education (e.g., school, camp, youth group, tutoring, etc.)? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 0, No 71 27 1, Yes 29 29

Total 100 57

IF (HHCHAGE2 > 12 AND HHCHGENDER2 = MALE) OR (HHCHAGE2> 11 AND HHCHGENDER2 = FEMALE OR NOT LISTED OR BLANK) HHCHBARBAT2 Did this child have a bar or bat mitzvah? Response Weighted % n

1, Yes 12 19 2, Will have one in the future < 1 1 3, No 88 6

Total 100 26

IF HHCHNUM > 2 HHCHAGE3 How old is this child? Response Weighted % n

0-5 25 3 6-12 74 9 13-17 1 7

Total 100 19

144

HHCHGENDER3 Is this child… Response Weighted % n

1, Male 2 9 2, Female 98 10

Total 100 19

HHCHRLT3 What is your relationship to {him/her/this child}? Response Weighted % n

1, Your child 100 19

Total 100 19

HHCHGRD3 What grade is {he/she/this child} in for the 2019-20 school year? Response Weighted % n

Not yet in Kindergarten < 1 3 Grades K-5 98 7 Grades 6-8 < 1 4 Grades 9-12 1 5

Total 100 19

IF HHCHRELSAME=NO HHCHRELRSD3 Is this child being raised… Response Weighted % n

1, Jewish by religion 75 15 2, Secularly or culturally Jewish 24 3 5, No religion < 1 1

Total 100 19

145

IF HHCHGRD3= GRADES K-12, OTHER (0-13) HHCHSCHOOL3 In what type of school is {he / she / this child} currently enrolled? Response Weighted % n

1, Public school 1 12 3, Jewish day school or yeshiva 99 4

Total 100 16

IF HHCHGRD3 = GRADES K-12, OTHER (0-13) HHCHJEWED3 Since June 2019, has {he / she / this child} participated in any other form of Jewish education (e.g., school, camp, youth group, tutoring, etc.)? Response Weighted % n

0, No < 1 4 1, Yes 99 12

Total 100 16

IF (HHCHAGE3 > 12 AND HHCHGENDER3 = MALE) OR (HHCHAGE3> 11 AND HHCHGENDER3 = FEMALE OR NOT LISTED OR BLANK) HHCHBARBAT3 Did this child have a bar or bat mitzvah? Response Weighted % n

1, Yes 84 5 2, Will have one in the future < 1 1 3, No 15 1

Total 100 7

146

IF HHCHNUM > 3 HHCHAGE4 How old is this child? Response Weighted % n

0-5 < 1 1 6-12 < 1 1 13-17 99 3

Total 100 5

HHCHGENDER4 Is this child… Response Weighted % n

1, Male < 1 2 2, Female 99 3

Total 100 5

HHCHRLT4 What is your relationship to {him/her/this child}? Response Weighted % n

1, Your child 100 5

Total 100 5

HHCHGRD4 What grade is {he/she/this child} in for the 2019-20 school year? Response Weighted % n

Not yet in Kindergarten < 1 1 Grades 6-8 < 1 1 Grades 9-12 99 3

Total 100 5

147

IF HHCHRELSAME=NO HHCHRELRSD4 Is this child being raised… Response Weighted % n

1, Jewish by religion 100 5

Total 100 5

IF HHCHGRD4= GRADES K-12, OTHER (0-13) HHCHSCHOOL4 In what type of school is {he / she / this child} currently enrolled? Response Weighted % n

1, Public school < 1 3 3, Jewish day school or yeshiva 100 1

Total 100 4

IF HHCHGRD4 = GRADES K-12, OTHER (0-13) HHCHJEWED4 Since June 2019, has {he / she / this child} participated in any other form of Jewish education (e.g., school, camp, youth group, tutoring, etc.)? Response Weighted % n

0, No < 1 1 1, Yes 100 3

Total 100 4

IF (HHCHAGE4 > 12 AND HHCHGENDER4 = MALE) OR (HHCHAGE4> 11 AND HHCHGENDER4 = FEMALE OR NOT LISTED OR BLANK) HHCHBARBAT4 Did this child have a bar or bat mitzvah? Response Weighted % n

1, Yes 100 2 3, No < 1 1

Total 100 3 148

IF HHCHNUM > 4 HHCHAGE5 How old is this child? Response Weighted % n

13-17 100 1

Total 100 1

HHCHGENDER5 Is this child… Response Weighted % n

1, Male 100 1

Total 100 1

HHCHRLT5 What is your relationship to {him/her/this child}? Response Weighted % n

1, Your child 100 1

Total 100 1

HHCHGRD5 What grade is {he/she/this child} in for the 2019-20 school year? Response Weighted % n

Grades 9-12 100 1

Total 100 1

149

IF HHCHRELSAME=NO HHCHRELRSD5 Is this child being raised… Response Weighted % n

1, Jewish by religion 100 1

Total 100 1

IF HHCHGRD5= GRADES K-12, OTHER (0-13) HHCHSCHOOL5 In what type of school is {he / she / this child} currently enrolled? Response Weighted % n

3, Jewish day school or yeshiva 100 1

Total 100 1

IF HHCHGRD5 = GRADES K-12, OTHER (0-13) HHCHJEWED5 Since June 2019, has {he / she / this child} participated in any other form of Jewish education (e.g., school, camp, youth group, tutoring, etc.)? Response Weighted % n

1, Yes 100 1

Total 100 1

IF (HHCHAGE5 > 12 AND HHCHGENDER5 = MALE) OR (HHCHAGE5> 11 AND HHCHGENDER5 = FEMALE OR NOT LISTED OR BLANK) HHCHBARBAT5 Did this child have a bar or bat mitzvah? Response Weighted % n

1, Yes 100 1

Total 100 1

150

MULTIGENERATIONAL

NHCCNUM How many children do you have, of any age, who do NOT usually live in your household? Please include both adult and minor children who do NOT usually live with you. Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 9 0 50 199 1 21 83 2 16 159 3 8 71 4 3 22 5 < 1 8 6 < 1 2 12 < 1 1

Total 100 554

IF NHCCNUM > 0 NHCCNUMOUT How many of these children live in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 7 10 0 55 200 1 32 107 2 6 23 3 < 1 5 4 < 1 1

Total 100 346

151

IF NHCCNUM > 0 AND RESPAGE > 49 NHCCGRAND Do you have any grandchildren who do NOT usually live in your household? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 2 0, No 61 151 1, Yes, in the Pioneer Valley 14 39 2, Yes, elsewhere 19 110 3, Yes, both 5 31

Total 100 333

IF RESPAGE < 75 NHPARENT Do you {or your spouse or partner} have a parent living in the Pioneer Valley, but outside of your household? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 2 0, No 50 224 1, Yes 37 115 2, Don't have a living parent 13 129

Total 100 470

152

RESIDENCY

LOCOWN Is your home in the Pioneer Valley… Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 2 1, Owned by you or anyone in your household 79 478 2, Rented by you or anyone in your household 20 64 3, Occupied without payment of rent or < 1 10 mortgage

Total 100 554

RESPRSDWHERE Where were you raised primarily? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 3 1, The Pioneer Valley 26 108 2, Elsewhere in the United States 69 406 3, Other country 4 26

Total 100 543

IF RESPRSDWHERE is not Pioneer Valley LOCRSDELSE For how many years have you lived in the Pioneer Valley? Please enter 0 if you have lived in the area for less than one year. Response Weighted % n

1, 0-4 years 12 38 2, 5-9 years 20 45 3, 10-19 years 17 82 4, 20+ years 51 269

Total 100 434

153

IF RESPRSDWHERE = Pioneer Valley LOCLIFE Aside from college, graduate school, or military service, have you lived in the Pioneer Valley all of your adult life? Response Weighted % n

0, No 31 32 1, Yes 69 76

Total 100 108

IF LOCLIFE = NO LOCYEARSCOMB4 How many years ago did you most recently return to live in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

1, 0-4 years 13 49 2, 5-9 years 15 48 3, 10-19 years 14 88 4, 20+ years 59 354

Total 100 539

IF RESPRSDWHERE is not Pioneer Valley OR LOCLIFE= NO LOCREASCOST What are the primary reasons you moved to the Pioneer Valley? Cost of living Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 94 424 1, Cost of living 6 43

Total 100 467

154

LOCREASJOB What are the primary reasons you moved to the Pioneer Valley? For a job or career Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 60 257 1, For a job or career 40 210

Total 100 467

LOCREASSCH What are the primary reasons you moved to the Pioneer Valley? For school Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 65 387 1, For school 35 80

Total 100 467

LOCREASCOMM What are the primary reasons you moved to the Pioneer Valley? Quality of life in the Pioneer Valley Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 71 313 1, Quality of life in the Pioneer Valley 29 154

Total 100 467

LOCREASFAM What are the primary reasons you moved to the Pioneer Valley? To be close to family Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 80 364 1, To be close to family 20 103

Total 100 467

155

LOCREASNONE What are the primary reasons you moved to the Pioneer Valley? None of the above Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 89 419 1, None of the above 11 48

Total 100 467

LOCMOVE Before you moved to your current address, did you live in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 5 0, No 35 233 1, Yes 64 305

Total 100 543

IF LOCMOVE = YES LOCMOVEINT In which part of the Pioneer Valley did you live before moving to your current address? Response Weighted % n

1, Hampden County 48 121 2, Hampshire County 48 147 3, Franklin County 3 30 4, Elsewhere < 1 7

Total 100 305

LOCSECHOME Aside from your home in the Pioneer Valley, do you live elsewhere for any part of the year? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 2 3 0, No 86 467 1, Yes 12 73

Total 100 543

156

IF LOCSECHOME= Yes LOCSECWHERE Where is your other home? Response Weighted % n

1, Elsewhere in Massachusetts 25 17 2, Other Northeastern US 42 17 3, Southern US 18 26 5, Western US 13 8 6, Rest of world 1 5

Total 100 73

PRESCHOOL

IF HHCHGRD1 = NOT YET IN KINDERGARTEN (14) PKNOW1 Is the child currently enrolled in a preschool or daycare program? Response Weighted % n

0, No 17 7 1, Yes 83 20

Total 100 27

IF PKNOW1 = YES PKJEWISH1 Is the child in a Jewish preschool or daycare program? Response Weighted % n

0, No 93 15 1, Yes 7 5

Total 100 20

157

IF HHCHGRD2 = NOT YET IN KINDERGARTEN (14) PKNOW2 Is the child currently enrolled in a preschool or daycare program? Response Weighted % n

0, No 1 3 1, Yes 99 6

Total 100 9

IF PKNOW2 = YES PKJEWISH2 Is the child in a Jewish preschool or daycare program? Response Weighted % n

0, No 33 3 1, Yes 67 3

Total 100 6

IF HHCHGRD3 = NOT YET IN KINDERGARTEN (14) PKNOW3 Is the child currently enrolled in a preschool or daycare program? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 2 1, Yes < 1 1

Total 100 3

IF PKNOW3= YES PKJEWISH3 Is the child in a Jewish preschool or daycare program? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 1

Total 100 1

158

IF HHCHGRD4 = NOT YET IN KINDERGARTEN (14) PKNOW4 Is the child currently enrolled in a preschool or daycare program? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 1

Total 100 1

PJ LIBRARY

IF ANY HHCHAGE1-HHCHAGE10 <13 PJLIB PJ Library is a program that sends free Jewish children’s books to families with young children. Does your household currently receive books from PJ Library? Response Weighted % n

0, No 44 27 1, Yes 31 47 2, Not aware of it 24 5

Total 100 79

K-12 JEWISH EDUCATION

Minor Children

JEDPT1 Is this child CURRENTLY enrolled in a Jewish part-time school like a Hebrew School, Religious School, or Sunday School? Response Weighted % n

0, No 63 27 1, Yes 37 22

Total 100 49

159

IF JEDPT1=NO JEDTUT1 Does this child CURRENTLY participate in other forms of Jewish education, like tutoring or private classes? (e.g., Hebrew language tutoring, online classes, etc.) Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 0, No 67 20 1, Yes 33 6

Total 100 27

JEDDYC1 Did this child attend a Jewish DAY camp in the summer of 2019? (This includes attendance as a camper or staff member.) Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 0, No 84 35 1, Yes 16 13

Total 100 49

JEDOVC1 Did this child attend a Jewish OVERNIGHT camp in the summer of 2019? (This includes attendance as a camper or staff member.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 78 32 1, Yes 22 17

Total 100 49

160

IF HHCHGRD1 IS 6-12, OTHER (6-13) JEDYG1 Does this child participate in a Jewish youth group (e.g., BBYO, NFTY, USY, NCSY) or teen program? Response Weighted % n

0, No 55 14 1, Yes 45 15

Total 100 29

IF HHCHGRD1 IS 7-12, OTHER (7-13) JEDISR1 Has this child ever gone on a peer travel trip to Israel? Response Weighted % n

0, No 71 17 1, Yes 29 9

Total 100 26

JEDPT2 Is this child CURRENTLY enrolled in a Jewish part-time school like a Hebrew School, Religious School, or Sunday School? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 16 1, Yes < 1 13

Total 100 29

IF JEDPT2=NO JEDTUT2 Does this child CURRENTLY participate in other forms of Jewish education, like tutoring or private classes? (e.g., Hebrew language tutoring, online classes, etc.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 67 14 1, Yes 33 2

Total 100 16 161

JEDDYC2 Did this child attend a Jewish DAY camp in the summer of 2019? (This includes attendance as a camper or staff member.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 66 22 1, Yes 34 7

Total 100 29

JEDOVC2 Did this child attend a Jewish OVERNIGHT camp in the summer of 2019? (This includes attendance as a camper or staff member.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 64 19 1, Yes 36 10

Total 100 29

IF HHCHGRD2 IS 6-12, OTHER (6-13) JEDYG2 Does this child participate in a Jewish youth group (e.g., BBYO, NFTY, USY, NCSY) or teen program? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 10 1, Yes < 1 5

Total 100 15

IF HHCHGRD2 IS 7-12, OTHER (7-13) JEDISR2 Has this child ever gone on a peer travel trip to Israel? Response Weighted % n

0, No 97 9 1, Yes 3 1

Total 100 10

162

JEDPT3 Is this child CURRENTLY enrolled in a Jewish part-time school like a Hebrew School, Religious School, or Sunday School? Response Weighted % n

0, No 76 8 1, Yes 24 4

Total 100 12

IF JEDPT3=NO JEDTUT3 Does this child CURRENTLY participate in other forms of Jewish education, like tutoring or private classes? (e.g., Hebrew language tutoring, online classes, etc.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 7 1, Yes < 1 1

Total 100 8

JEDDYC3 Did this child attend a Jewish DAY camp in the summer of 2019? (This includes attendance as a camper or staff member.) Response Weighted % n

0, No < 1 9 1, Yes 99 3

Total 100 12

JEDOVC3 Did this child attend a Jewish OVERNIGHT camp in the summer of 2019? (This includes attendance as a camper or staff member.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 99 10 1, Yes < 1 2

Total 100 12

163

IF HHCHGRD3 IS 6-12, OTHER (6-13) JEDYG3 Does this child participate in a Jewish youth group (e.g., BBYO, NFTY, USY, NCSY) or teen program? Response Weighted % n

0, No 3 3 1, Yes 97 3

Total 100 6

IF HHCHGRD3 IS 7-12, OTHER (7-13) JEDISR3 Has this child ever gone on a peer travel trip to Israel? Response Weighted % n

0, No 4 4 1, Yes 96 1

Total 100 5

JEDPT4 Is this child CURRENTLY enrolled in a Jewish part-time school like a Hebrew School, Religious School, or Sunday School? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 3

Total 100 3

IF JEDPT4=NO JEDTUT4 Does this child CURRENTLY participate in other forms of Jewish education, like tutoring or private classes? (e.g., Hebrew language tutoring, online classes, etc.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 2 1, Yes < 1 1

Total 100 3

164

JEDDYC4 Did this child attend a Jewish DAY camp in the summer of 2019? (This includes attendance as a camper or staff member.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 3

Total 100 3

JEDOVC4 Did this child attend a Jewish OVERNIGHT camp in the summer of 2019? (This includes attendance as a camper or staff member.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 2 1, Yes < 1 1

Total 100 3

IF HHCHGRD4 IS 6-12, OTHER (6-13) JEDYG4 Does this child participate in a Jewish youth group (e.g., BBYO, NFTY, USY, NCSY) or teen program? Response Weighted % n

0, No < 1 1 1, Yes 100 2

Total 100 3

IF HHCHGRD4 IS 7-12, OTHER (7-13) JEDISR4 Has this child ever gone on a peer travel trip to Israel? Response Weighted % n

0, No < 1 1 1, Yes 100 1

Total 100 2

165

JEDPT5 Is this child CURRENTLY enrolled in a Jewish part-time school like a Hebrew School, Religious School, or Sunday School? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 1

Total 100 1

IF JEDPT5=NO JEDTUT5 Does this child CURRENTLY participate in other forms of Jewish education, like tutoring or private classes? (e.g., Hebrew language tutoring, online classes, etc.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 1

Total 100 1

JEDDYC5 Did this child attend a Jewish DAY camp in the summer of 2019? (This includes attendance as a camper or staff member.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 1

Total 100 1

JEDOVC5 Did this child attend a Jewish OVERNIGHT camp in the summer of 2019? (This includes attendance as a camper or staff member.) Response Weighted % n

1, Yes 100 1

Total 100 1

166

IF HHCHGRD5 IS 6-12, OTHER (6-13) JEDYG5 Does this child participate in a Jewish youth group (e.g., BBYO, NFTY, USY, NCSY) or teen program? Response Weighted % n

1, Yes 100 1

Total 100 1

IF HHCHGRD5 IS 7-12, OTHER (7-13) JEDISR5 Has this child ever gone on a peer travel trip to Israel? Response Weighted % n

1, Yes 100 1

Total 100 1

Adult Child in High School

JEDADPT3 Is this person CURRENTLY enrolled in a Jewish part-time school like a Hebrew School, Religious School, or Sunday School? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 1 1, Yes < 1 1

Total 100 2

IF JEDADPT3= NO JEDADTUT3 Does this person CURRENTLY participate in other forms of Jewish education, like tutoring or private classes? (e.g., Hebrew language tutoring, online classes, etc.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 1

Total 100 1

167

JEDADDYC3 Did this person attend a Jewish DAY camp in the summer of 2019? (This includes attendance as a camper or staff member.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 2

Total 100 2

JEDADOVC3 Did this person attend a Jewish OVERNIGHT camp in the summer of 2019? (This includes attendance as a camper or staff member.) Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 1 1, Yes < 1 1

Total 100 2

JEDADYG3 Does this person participate in a Jewish youth group (e.g., BBYO, NFTY, USY, NCSY) or teen program? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 1 1, Yes < 1 1

Total 100 2

JEDADISR3 Has this person ever gone on a peer travel trip to Israel? Response Weighted % n

0, No 100 1 1, Yes < 1 1

Total 100 2

168

RELIGIOUS LIFE

RLSYNANY Do you {or anyone in your household} currently belong to a Jewish congregation, such as a synagogue, temple, minyan, chavurah, or High Holy Day congregation? Response Weighted % n

0, No 73 214 1, Yes 27 340

Total 100 554

IF HHADNUM>1 AND RLSYNANY=YES RLSYNWHO Is the synagogue member you or someone else? Response Weighted % n

1, Me 19 51 2, Someone else 17 10 3, Both me and someone else 64 224

Total 100 285

RLSYNNUMB How many congregations in the Pioneer Valley do you or anyone in your household belong to? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 11 3 0 9 7 1 57 287 2 20 35 3 1 5 4 < 1 2 5 1 1

Total 100 340

RLSYNNAME1 Congregation Name [textbox] 328 responses 169

RLSYNCITY1 City [textbox} 328 responses RLSYNYRS1 Number of years you have been a member Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 8 6 0-9 years 38 97 10-19 years 16 70 20-29 years 17 58 30-39 years 8 35 40+ years 14 62

Total 100 328

RLSYNDUES1 Do you pay membership dues of any sort? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 2 2 1, Yes, I pay dues of some sort 78 286 2, No, dues are not required for membership 13 18 3, No, I consider myself a member but do not 7 22 pay dues

Total 100 328

RLSYNNAME2 Congregation Name [textbox] 40 responses RLSYNCITY2 City [textbox} 40 responses

170

RLSYNYRS2 Number of years you have been a member Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 9 5 0-9 years 53 17 10-19 years 12 8 20-29 years 22 5 40+ years 4 5

Total 100 40

RLSYNDUES2 Do you pay membership dues of any sort? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 8 5 1, Yes, I pay dues of some sort 36 23 2, No, dues are not required for membership 34 11 3, No, I consider myself a member but do not 22 1 pay dues

Total 100 40

RLSYNNAME3 Congregation Name [textbox] 7 responses RLSYNCITY3 City [textbox} 7 responses RLSYNYRS3 Number of years you have been a member Response Weighted % n

0-9 years 83 4 10-19 years 3 2 30-39 years 13 1

Total 100 7

171

RLSYNDUES3 Do you pay membership dues of any sort? Response Weighted % n

1, Yes, I pay dues of some sort 5 3 2, No, dues are not required for membership 95 4

Total 100 7

RLSYNNAME4 Congregation Name [textbox] 2 responses RLSYNCITY4 City [textbox} 2 responses

RLSYNYRS4 Number of years you have been a member Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 99 1 0-9 years < 1 1

Total 100 2

RLSYNDUES4 Do you pay membership dues of any sort? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 99 1 2, No, dues are not required for membership < 1 1

Total 100 2

172

RLSYNPV Have you ever belonged to {another} synagogue in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 2 0, No 61 353 1, Yes 38 184

Total 100 539

RLSYNSVC Aside from special occasions like weddings, bar or mat mitzvahs, and funerals, how often did you attend any type of organized Jewish religious services in the last year? Response Weighted % n

1, Never 32 108 2, Once or twice a year 38 165 3, Every few months 13 109 4, About once a month 2 42 5, Two or three times a month 8 54 6, Once a week or more 8 61

Total 100 539

RLSHABCAND How often do you or anyone in your household light Shabbat candles on a Friday night? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 2 1, Never 57 230 2, Sometimes 26 159 3, Usually 7 77 4, Always 9 82

Total 100 550

173

RLSHABDIN How often do you have or attend a special meal for Shabbat? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 5 1, Never 49 195 2, Sometimes 35 224 3, Usually 6 60 4, Always 9 55

Total 100 539

RLYKFAST Do you fast during a typical Yom Kippur? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 2 1, Yes, for all or part of the day 52 317 2, No, I cannot fast for medical reasons 12 70 3, No, I do not fast 36 150

Total 100 539

RLSEDER In a typical year, do you or anyone in your household attend or hold a Passover Seder? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 0, No 25 67 1, Yes 75 482

Total 100 550

RLHCNDL In a typical year, do you or anyone in your household light Hanukkah candles? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 2 0, No 16 44 1, Yes 84 504

Total 100 550 174

IF RLSYNSVC = Once or twice a year to Once a week or more (2-6) RLHOLHIGH Did you attend any High Holy Day services in a typical year? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 2 0, No 45 153 1, Yes 55 384

Total 100 539

RLMEZUZAH Is there a mezuzah on any door in your home? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 5 0, No 43 131 1, Yes 57 403

Total 100 539

RLKOSH Which of the following best describes your current practices regarding keeping kosher? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 1 5 1, Don't follow kosher rules at all 65 338 2, Follow some kosher rules, like avoiding pork 20 115 or shellfish 3, Keep kosher only at home 3 32 4, Keep kosher all the time 11 49

Total 100 539

175

JEWISH LIFE

JLHEB If you were asked to read a text in Hebrew, how much would you understand? Response Weighted % n

1, Don't know the alphabet at all 23 113 2, Can read the letters but don't understand 40 211 3, Some 27 155 4, Most 8 40 5, Everything 2 19

Total 100 538

JLCULTURE To you personally, to what extent is being Jewish a matter of culture? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 1 9 1, Not at all 6 6 2, A little 3 18 3, Somewhat 32 117 4, Very much 58 389

Total 100 539

JLETHNIC To you personally, to what extent is being Jewish a matter of ethnicity? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 5 14 1, Not at all 7 40 2, A little 13 56 3, Somewhat 36 108 4, Very much 39 321

Total 100 539

176

JLRELIG To you personally, to what extent is being Jewish a matter of religion? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 2 9 1, Not at all 13 56 2, A little 16 98 3, Somewhat 32 142 4, Very much 37 234

Total 100 539

JLCOMM To you personally, to what extent is being Jewish a matter of community? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 3 9 1, Not at all 4 26 2, A little 9 53 3, Somewhat 31 151 4, Very much 53 300

Total 100 539

JLFRIEND How many of the people you consider to be your closest friends are Jewish? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 2 1, None 11 27 2, Some 41 181 3, About half 26 131 4, Most 20 183 5, All 1 15

Total 100 539

JLNONJ In your opinion, how would you rate the relationships between Jews and non-Jews in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 4 177

2, Somewhat negatively 4 17 3, Neither negatively nor positively 24 92 4, Somewhat positively 23 138 5, Very positively 37 222 99, I don't know 12 66

Total 100 539

JLESSJUSTICE How important is working for justice and equality in society to what being Jewish means to you? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 2 11 1, Essential 44 319 2, Important but not essential 45 167 3, Not important 9 42

Total 100 539

JLESSMORAL How important is leading an ethical and moral life to what being Jewish means to you? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 10 1, Essential 63 419 2, Important but not essential 35 93 3, Not important 2 17

Total 100 539

JLESSCOMM How important is being part of a Jewish community to what being Jewish means to you? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 2 10 1, Essential 28 232 2, Important but not essential 59 232 3, Not important 10 65

Total 100 539

178

JLANTIUS How concerned are you about antisemitism in the United States? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 3 1, Not at all 4 12 2, A little 5 38 3, Somewhat 41 155 4, Very much 49 331

Total 100 539

JLANTILOCAL How concerned are you about antisemitism in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 2 1, Not at all 19 89 2, A little 35 161 3, Somewhat 31 189 4, Very much 14 98

Total 100 539

JLANTIEXP Have you {or anyone in your household} experienced antisemitism in the PAST YEAR? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 2 0, No 86 459 1, Yes 14 78

Total 100 539

IF JLANTIEXP= YES JLANTIEXPTXT Please describe the incident(s). [textbox] 80 responses

179

JLCONNISR To what extent do you feel a connection to Israel? Response Weighted % n

1, Not at all 19 93 2, A little 29 133 3, Somewhat 30 136 4, Very much 22 171

Total 100 533

JLCONNWORLD To what extent do you feel like part of a worldwide Jewish community? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 6 1, Not at all 9 30 2, A little 35 121 3, Somewhat 34 194 4, Very much 22 187

Total 100 538

JLCONNLOC To what extent do you feel like part of the Jewish community in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 5 1, Not at all 27 81 2, A little 31 114 3, Somewhat 24 145 4, Very much 18 193

Total 100 538

180

JLCONNFEEL To what extent do you feel that being Jewish is part of your daily life? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 6 1, Not at all 16 49 2, A little 28 114 3, Somewhat 29 150 4, Very much 27 219

Total 100 538

JLBARRSOCIAL Conditions that limit your connection to Pioneer Valley Jewish community - I don't know many people Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 2 14 1, Not at all 36 276 2, A little 20 82 3, Somewhat 19 61 4, Very much 16 32 5, Does not apply 8 73

Total 100 538

JLBARRKNOW Conditions that limit your connection to Pioneer Valley Jewish community - Not confident in my Jewish knowledge Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 10 1, Not at all 53 303 2, A little 13 74 3, Somewhat 17 56 4, Very much 9 30 5, Does not apply 7 65

Total 100 538

181

JLBARRPOL Conditions that limit your connection to the Pioneer Valley Jewish community - My political views Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 1 11 1, Not at all 64 353 2, A little 17 44 3, Somewhat 5 42 4, Very much 4 24 5, Does not apply 9 64

Total 100 538

JLBARRWELC Conditions that limit your connection to the Pioneer Valley Jewish community - A feeling that I'm not welcome Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 4 13 1, Not at all 61 352 2, A little 15 60 3, Somewhat 5 31 4, Very much 3 18 5, Does not apply 11 64

Total 100 538

JLBARRACTIV Conditions that limit your connection to the Pioneer Valley Jewish community - I haven't found Jewish activities that interest me Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 9 1, Not at all 27 208 2, A little 26 103 3, Somewhat 18 105 4, Very much 22 48 5, Does not apply 6 65

Total 100 538

182

JLBARRSAFE Conditions that limit your connection to the Pioneer Valley Jewish community - Safety or security concerns Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 2 14 1, Not at all 74 400 2, A little 14 44 3, Somewhat 3 13 4, Very much < 1 6 5, Does not apply 7 61

Total 100 538

JLBARRDISTANCE Conditions that limit your connection to the Pioneer Valley Jewish community - I'm limited by distance or transportation constraints Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 4 13 1, Not at all 62 363 2, A little 11 43 3, Somewhat 9 36 4, Very much 8 18 5, Does not apply 6 65

Total 100 538

IF ANY BARRIERS SELECTED JLINVBARRIERS_TXT Please tell us more about these limits. [textbox] 358 responses

183

SUBPOPULATIONS

IF INTERFAITH = 0 AND HHADNUM > 2 INTERHH Are you {or anyone in your household} currently in an interfaith relationship? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 5 0, No 67 351 1, Yes 33 89

Total 100 445

IF INTERFAITH= YES OR INTERHH=YES INTERWELC Overall, in your opinion, how welcoming is the Pioneer Valley Jewish community to interfaith families? Response Weighted % n

2, A little 6 10 3, Somewhat 14 24 4, Very much 40 114 5, No opinion 39 37

Total 100 185

IF HHSIZE=1 OR ROOMMATE=1 LGBTQRESP Do you identify as LGBTQ? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 2 4 0, No 82 74 1, Yes 15 21

Total 100 99

184

IF HHSIZE>1 AND ROOMMATE=0 LGBTQHH Do you or anyone in your household identify as LGBTQ? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 3 1, Yes, me 6 9 2, Yes, someone else 2 27 3, Yes, both me and someone else 4 39 4, No 88 368

Total 100 446

IF LGBTQHH = Someone else AND HHSIZE > 2 LGBTQCT How many other people in your household consider themselves as LGBTQ? Response Weighted % n

0 < 1 1 1 74 24 2 3 8 3 23 4

Total 100 37

IF LGBTQRESP = YES or LGBTQCT>0 LGBTQWELC Overall, in your opinion, how welcoming is the Pioneer Valley Jewish community to LGBTQ individuals? Response Weighted % n

2, A little < 1 4 3, Somewhat 38 12 4, Very much 49 67 5, No opinion 11 10

Total 100 93

185

IF HHSIZE=1 OR ROOMMATE=1 RACERESP Do you identify with a racial or ethnic minority group, such as Hispanic or Latino, Asian, or black or African American? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 3 4 0, No 96 91 1, Yes 1 4

Total 100 99

IF HHSIZE>1 AND ROOMMATE=0 RACEHH Do you or anyone in your household identify with a racial or ethnic minority group, such as Hispanic or Latino, Asian, or black or African American? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 2 1, Yes, me 5 10 2, Yes, someone else 14 26 4, No 81 408

Total 100 446

IF RACEHH = Someone else AND HHSIZE > 2 RACECT How many other people in your household identify with a racial or ethnic minority group? Response Weighted % n

0 48 2 1 31 6 2 1 2 3 20 3

Total 100 13

186

IF RACERESP= YES OR RACEHH= YES RACEWELC Overall, in your opinion, how welcoming is the Pioneer Valley Jewish community to members of racial or ethnic minorities? Response Weighted % n

1, Not at all < 1 3 2, A little 21 2 3, Somewhat 41 11 4, Very much 17 17 5, No opinion 21 6

Total 100 39

ISRAEL

ISRNUM How many times, if any, have you been to Israel? Response Weighted % n

0, Never 1, Once 2, Twice 3, Three times 4, Four times or more 5, I previously lived in Israel

Total

IF ISRNUM= any travel (1-5) AND RESPAGE < 47 ISRTYPETAG Did you ever participate in Birthright Israel? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 55 69 1, Birthright Israel 45 27

Total 100 96

187

IF ISRNUM= any travel (1-5) ISRTYPEEDU Did you ever participate in educational program or volunteer trip to Israel? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 87 452 1, Educational program or volunteer trip 13 81

Total 100 533

IF ISRNUM= any travel (1-5) ISRTYPEFED Did you ever participate in a trip to Israel sponsored by a federation, synagogue, or other Jewish organization? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 87 424 1, A trip sponsored by a federation, synagogue, 13 109 or other Jewish organization

Total 100 533

IF ISRNUM= any travel (1-5) ISRTYPELC Did you ever participate in a trip to Israel to celebrate a lifecycle event? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 97 483 1, Celebrating a lifecycle event 3 50

Total 100 533

188

IF ISRNUM= any travel (1-5) ISRTYPEVAC Did you ever participate in a trip to Israel for vacation or a tour? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 79 366 1, Vacation or tour 21 167

Total 100 533

IF ISRNUM= any travel (1-5) ISRTYPEBUS Did you ever participate in a business trip to Israel? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 99 507 1, Business trip 1 26

Total 100 533

IF ISRNUM= any travel (1-5) ISRTYPENONE Did you ever participate in the following types of trips to Israel? None of the above Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 94 482 1, None of the above 6 51

Total 100 533

189

ISRNEWS Over the past month, how often did you seek out news about Israel? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 0 5 1, Never 29 74 2, Once or twice 38 131 3, Once a week 9 48 4, Every few days 14 84 5, Once a day 9 57 6, Several times a day 1 28

Total 100 427

ISRCOMF In general, how comfortable do you feel expressing your opinion about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 0 4 1, Not at all 15 49 2, A little 35 85 3, Somewhat 22 147 4, Very much 27 142

Total 100 427

IF ISRCOMF = 1 or 2 ISRCOMFTOP Which of the following affect your comfort level in expressing your opinion on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? I don’t know much about the topic Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 42 70 1, I don’t know much about the topic 58 40

Total 100 110

190

IF ISRCOMF = 1 or 2 ISRCOMFNOOP Which of the following affect your comfort level in expressing your opinion on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? I have no opinion Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 91 94 1, I have no opinion 9 3

Total 100 97

IF ISRCOMF = 1 or 2 ISRCOMFMINOP Which of the following affect your comfort level in expressing your opinion on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? I have a minority opinion Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 72 78 1, I have a minority opinion 28 22

Total 100 100

IF ISRCOMF = 1 or 2 ISRCOMFNOPART Which of the following affect your comfort level in expressing your opinion on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? I don’t feel like I have a part in the conversation Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 80 83 1, I don’t feel I have a part in the conversation 20 19

Total 100 102

191

IF ISRCOMF = 1 or 2 ISRCOMFHOST Which of the following affect your comfort level in expressing your opinion on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? The discourse on the topic feels hostile to me Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 41 50 1, Discourse on the topic feels hostile 59 63

Total 100 113

IF ISRCOMF = 1 or 2 ISRCOMFNONE Which of the following affect your comfort level in expressing your opinion on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict? None of the above Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 95 77 1, None of the above 5 18

Total 100 95

192

ORGANIZATIONS AND ACTIVITIES

ORGJCC Do you {or anyone in your household} belong to the Springfield Jewish Community Center? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 2 0, No 93 444 1, Yes 6 99

Total 100 545

ORGMEM Aside from congregations and JCCs, do you {or anyone in your household} belong to any formal Jewish organizations or clubs in in the Pioneer Valley? (e.g., Hadassah, ADL, AJC, etc.) Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 0, No 88 427 1, Yes 12 117

Total 100 545

ORGGROUPS Do you {or anyone in your household} belong to an informal or grassroots Jewish group in the Pioneer Valley? (e.g., social chavurah, Jewish book club, etc.) Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 3 0, No 88 431 1, Yes 12 111

Total 100 545

ORGPARTJ In past year, have you attended or participated in a program, event, or class with a Jewish organization in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 6 0, No 60 214 193

1, Yes, at least once a month 14 104 2, Yes, less than once a month 25 210

Total 100 534

ORGREADJ In past year, have you read material produced by a Jewish organization in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 4 8 0, No 42 136 1, Yes, at least once a month 26 226 2, Yes, less than once a month 28 164

Total 100 534

ORGLOCCHAB In past year, how often have you participated in a program, activity, or religious service with any Chabad in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 2 13 1, Never 79 419 2, Rarely 5 35 3, Occasionally 2 38 4, Frequently 12 29

Total 100 534

ORGSYNMEM In past year, how often have you participated in a program, activity, or religious service with a Jewish congregation in the Pioneer Valley to which you DO belong? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 5 1, Never 15 30 2, Rarely 14 42 3, Occasionally 26 116 4, Frequently 44 127

Total 100 320

194

ORGSYNNOMEM In past year, how often have you participated in a program, activity, or religious service with a Jewish congregation in the Pioneer Valley to which you DO NOT belong? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 2 11 1, Never 58 277 2, Rarely 19 116 3, Occasionally 14 116 4, Frequently 7 14

Total 100 534

ORGPARTJCC In past year, how often have you participated in a program, activity, or religious service with the Springfield Jewish Community Center? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 1 9 1, Never 74 353 2, Rarely 8 64 3, Occasionally 10 66 4, Frequently 6 42

Total 100 534

ORGABFARM In past year, how often have you participated in a program, activity, or religious service with Abundance Farm? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 5 18 1, Never 78 391 2, Rarely 6 51 3, Occasionally 6 43 4, Frequently 6 31

Total 100 534

195

ORGJFS In past year, how often have you participated in a program, activity, or religious service with Jewish Family Service or Jewish Geriatric Service? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 5 16 1, Never 73 409 2, Rarely 6 50 3, Occasionally 7 39 4, Frequently 8 20

Total 100 534

ORGOTHER In past year, how often have you participated in a program, activity, or religious service with another Jewish organization? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 62 425 1, Never 28 68 2, Rarely 2 6 3, Occasionally < 1 12 4, Frequently 7 23

Total 100 534

ORGOTHER_TEXT In past year, how often have you participated in a program, activity, or religious service with another Jewish organization? [textbox] 56 responses ORGWELC To what extent do you feel that Jewish organizations in the Pioneer Valley are welcoming to people like you? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 8 1, Not at all 1 15 2, A little 16 54 3, Somewhat 17 109 4, Very much 36 264 5, I don't know 29 84

Total 100 534 196

ORGCARE To what extent do you feel that Jewish organizations in the Pioneer Valley care about people like you? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 2 10 1, Not at all 1 20 2, A little 10 52 3, Somewhat 21 134 4, Very much 33 212 5, I don't know 34 106

Total 100 534

ORGSUPP To what extent do you feel that Jewish organizations in the Pioneer Valley are supportive of people like you? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 1 9 1, Not at all 1 22 2, A little 11 51 3, Somewhat 25 132 4, Very much 28 220 5, I don't know 33 100

Total 100 534

VOLBOARDJ In past month, have you helped in a leadership role for a Jewish organization in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 1 6 0, No 84 390 1, Yes 15 137

Total 100 533

197

VOLPARTJ In past month, have you helped as a volunteer with a Jewish organization in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 2 8 0, No 86 417 1, Yes 12 108

Total 100 533

VOLNJ In the past MONTH, did you volunteer for or with any non-Jewish organizations (Do not include activities sponsored by a Jewish organization.) Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 4 0, No 67 344 1, Yes 32 185

Total 100 533

ORGTRAVEL How long would you be willing to travel to attend a Jewish program or activity not related to work or school, if at all? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 3 14 0, Not willing to travel 11 46 1, 10 minutes or less 4 18 2, 11-20 minutes 28 116 3, 21-40 minutes 35 182 4, 41-60 minutes 12 73 5, More than an hour 8 84

Total 100 533

198

ACTTALK In past year, how often did you talk with family or friends about Jewish topics (e.g., culture, Israel, religion, etc.)? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 8 1, Never 5 20 2, Rarely 14 66 3, Occasionally 54 202 4, Frequently 27 234

Total 100 530

ACTSTR In past year, how often did you watch or listen to online Jewish content such as “streamed” religious services, podcasts, or classes? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 8 1, Never 71 301 2, Rarely 15 102 3, Occasionally 11 78 4, Frequently 3 41

Total 100 530

ACTWEB In past year, how often did you read online Jewish content such as websites, email newsletters, or social media posts? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 7 1, Never 33 92 2, Rarely 19 97 3, Occasionally 31 177 4, Frequently 16 157

Total 100 530

199

ACTREAD In past year, how often did you read Jewish publications including articles, magazines, and newsletters from a Jewish organization? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 11 1, Never 26 93 2, Rarely 31 109 3, Occasionally 26 164 4, Frequently 16 153

Total 100 530

ACTCULT In past year, how often did you read books, watch movies or TV, or listen to music that is Jewish-focused? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 4 6 1, Never 18 56 2, Rarely 28 117 3, Occasionally 35 215 4, Frequently 17 136

Total 100 530

ORGINFOORG Do you get your information about local Jewish activities, news, and events from a synagogue or organization newsletter/email? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 64 187 1, Synagogue or organization newsletter/email 36 342

Total 100 529

200

ORGINFOJNEWS Do you get your information about local Jewish activities, news, and events from The Jewish Ledger? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 77 384 1, The Jewish Ledger 23 145

Total 100 529

ORGINFOMEDIA Do you get your information about local Jewish activities, news, and events from other local media? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 79 398 1, Other local media 21 131

Total 100 529

ORGINFOFAM Do you get your information about local Jewish activities, news, and events from family or friends? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 35 205 1, Family or friends 65 324

Total 100 529

ORGINFOWEB Do you get your information about local Jewish activities, news, and events from the internet or social media? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 49 245 1, Internet or social media 51 284

Total 100 529

201

ORGINFOFED Do you get your information about local Jewish activities, news, and events from the Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 88 392 1, Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts 12 137

Total 100 529

ORGINFONONE Do you get your information about local Jewish activities, news, and events from none of the above? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 86 479 1, None of the above 14 50

Total 100 529

PHILANTHROPY

CHARANY Over the past year, did you {or your spouse or partner} make any charitable donations? Please include donations to both Jewish and non-Jewish organizations. Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 0, No 19 38 1, Yes 78 492 99, I don't know 3 8

Total 100 539

202

IF CHARANY = YES CHARJEW Over the past year, which of the following best describes the charities to which you {or your spouse or partner} made monetary contributions, other than membership dues? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 5 1, All Jewish 4 22 2, Mostly Jewish 8 90 3, About equal 26 134 4, Mostly non-Jewish 30 166 5, All non-Jewish 32 75

Total 100 492

IF CHARJEW= ANY JEWISH CHARLOCAL How many of the Jewish organizations you {or your spouse or partner} donated to primarily serve the Jewish community of the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

1, All 14 62 2, Most 8 75 3, About half 3 39 4, Some 31 134 5, None 36 76 99, I don't know 8 26

Total 100 412

IF CHARLOCAL= ANY Local CHARSYN Over the past year, have you {or your spouse or partner} made charitable contributions to a Jewish congregation, other than dues that primarily serve the Jewish community of the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 79 220 1, A Jewish congregation, other than dues 21 211

Total 100 431

203

IF CHARLOCAL= ANY Local CHARFED Over the past year, have you {or your spouse or partner} made charitable contributions to The Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts that primarily serve the Jewish community of the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 87 323 1, The Jewish Federation of Western 13 108 Massachusetts

Total 100 431

IF CHARLOCAL= ANY Local CHARSCH Over the past year, have you {or your spouse or partner} made charitable contributions to a Jewish school or camp that primarily serve the Jewish community of the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 89 340 1, A Jewish school or camp 11 91

Total 100 431

IF CHARLOCAL= ANY Local CHARSOCSERV Over the past year, have you {or your spouse or partner} made charitable contributions to a Jewish- sponsored human service agency that primarily serve the Jewish community of the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 91 327 1, A Jewish-sponsored human service agency 9 104

Total 100 431

204

IF CHARLOCAL= ANY Local CHARSOCJUST Over the past year, have you {or your spouse or partner} made charitable contributions to a Jewish social justice organization that primarily serve the Jewish community of the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 93 337 1, A Jewish social justice organization 7 94

Total 100 431

IF CHARLOCAL= ANY Local CHAROTH Over the past year, have you {or your spouse or partner} made charitable contributions to another Jewish organization that primarily serve the Jewish community of the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 88 314 1, Another Jewish organization 12 117

Total 100 431

IF CHARLOCAL= ANY Local CHARNONE Over the past year, have you {or your spouse or partner} made charitable contributions to none of the above local Jewish organizations that primarily serve the Jewish community of the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 98 414 1, None of the above 2 17

Total 100 431

205

CHARREQ In the past year, did you receive requests to make charitable donations to any Jewish organizations in the Pioneer Valley? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 4 5 0, No 37 89 1, Yes 46 299 99, I don't know 13 63

Total 100 456

IF CHARFED = NO, OR NO DONATING TO LOCAL JEWISH ORGANIZATIONS FEDAWARE Are you familiar with the Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 0 4 0, No 48 136 1, Yes 52 242

Total 100 382

IF CHARFED = Yes, OR FEDAWARE = Yes FEDRATE How would you rate the Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts’ overall impact on the community as a whole? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 0 2 1, Very positive impact 21 70 2, Somewhat positive impact 23 81 3, Neutral impact 13 69 4, Somewhat negative impact 1 16 5, Very negative impact 0 5 99, Don’t know 41 101

Total 100 344

206

HEALTH AND WELL BEING

HLCAREGIVER Do you {or someone in your household} manage care or personally provide care for any close relatives or friends on a regular basis, aside from routine childcare? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 3 0, No 80 446 1, Yes 20 89

Total 100 538

IF HLCAREGIVER=YES HLCAREHH Of the people for whom you {or someone in your household} manage care or personally provide care, where do they live? With me in my household Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 95 506 1, With me in my household 5 24

Total 100 530

IF HLCAREGIVER=YES HLCARECIND Of the people for whom you {or someone in your household} manage care or personally provide care, where do they live? Outside my household but in the Pioneer Valley Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 89 486 1, Outside of my household but in the Pioneer 11 49 Valley

Total 100 535

207

IF HLCAREGIVER=YES HLCAREOUT Of the people for whom you {or someone in your household} manage care or personally provide care, where do they live? Outside of the Pioneer Valley Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 96 516 1, Outside of the Pioneer Valley 4 19

Total 100 535

IF HLCAREGIVER=YES AND RESPAGE<75 HLCAREPAR For whom do you {or anyone in your household} manage care or personally provide care? A parent or in-law Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 87 476 1, A parent or in-law 13 53

Total 100 529

IF HLCAREGIVER=YES HLCAREADCH For whom do you {or anyone in your household} manage care or personally provide care? An adult child age 18 or older Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 99 527 1, An adult child age 18 or older < 1 8

Total 100 535

208

IF HLCAREGIVER=YES AND MARRIED HLCARESP For whom do you {or anyone in your household} manage care or personally provide care? Spouse or partner Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 97 503 1, Spouse or partner 3 13

Total 100 516

IF HLCAREGIVER=YES HLCAREMINCH For whom do you {or anyone in your household} manage care or personally provide care? A child under age 18 Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 100 526 1, A child under age 18 < 1 9

Total 100 535

IF HLCAREGIVER=YES HLCAREMINOTH For whom do you {or anyone in your household} manage care or personally provide care? Other Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 96 522 1, Someone else 4 13

Total 100 535

IF HLCAREGMINOTH=YES HLCAREMINOTH_TXT For whom do you {or anyone in your household} manage care or personally provide care? Someone else [textbox] 13 responses

209

IF RESPAGE<75 AND NHPARENT<> NO LIVING PARENT HLPARNH Do you {or your spouse or partner} have a parent or close relative who is currently a resident of an assisted living facility, nursing home, or independent living building or community? Response Weighted % n

1, Yes, in the Pioneer Valley 16 40 2, Yes, elsewhere 9 35 3, Yes, both < 1 2 4, No 75 249

Total 100 326

IF RESPAGE > 64 AND <999 HLRESPNH Do you currently reside in an assisted living facility, nursing home, or an independent living building or community? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 2 0, No 93 222 1, Yes 7 12

Total 100 236

IF HLRSPNH = NO HLRESPRETPLANS Are you considering moving to an assisted living facility, nursing home, or an independent living building or retirement community within the next five years? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 5 4 0, No 86 201 1, Yes 9 17

Total 100 222

210

HLNSURANCE Does everyone in your household currently have health insurance? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 3 0, No < 1 6 1, Yes 99 528

Total 100 537

HLDISANY Do you or anyone in your household have a health issue, special need, or disability (e.g., a cognitive or developmental impairment, heart disease, physical disability, etc.)? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 5 0, No 64 374 1, Yes 35 158

Total 100 537

IF HLDISANY = YES HLDISMENT What are those health issues, special needs, or disabilities? Mental illness Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 89 501 1, Mental illness 11 31

Total 100 532

IF HLDISANY = YES HLDISDEV What are those health issues, special needs, or disabilities? Developmental or cognitive disability Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 94 509 1, Developmental or cognitive disability 6 23

Total 100 532

211

IF HLDISANY = YES HLDISLEARN What are those health issues, special needs, or disabilities? Learning disability Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 91 510 1, Learning disability 9 22

Total 100 532

IF HLDISANY = YES HLDISPHYS What are those health issues, special needs, or disabilities? Physical disability Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 90 473 1, Physical disability 10 59

Total 100 532

IF HLDISANY = YES HLDISCHR What are those health issues, special needs, or disabilities? Chronic illness Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 78 435 1, Chronic illness 22 97

Total 100 532

IF HLDISANY = YES HLDISOTH What are those health issues, special needs, or disabilities? Other Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 98 531 1, Other 2 1

Total 100 532

212

IF HLDISOTH = YES HLDISOTH_SPEC What are those health issues, special needs, or disabilities? [textbox] 37 responses IF HLDISANY = YES HLIMPFUNC Do the health issues, special needs, or disabilities limit the kind or amount of work, school, or housework that can be done? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 0, No 45 51 1, Yes 54 106

Total 100 158

IF HLIMPFUNC = YES HLIMPFUNCMET Did you receive all services needed to help? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 1 0, No 22 27 1, Yes 48 49 3, No services needed 30 29

Total 100 106

IF HLIMPFUNCMET = NO HLSVCJ In the past year, have you sought or received any services from any organization related to this health issue, special need, or disability? Response Weighted % n

1, Did not seek services 17 10 2, Sought but did not receive services < 1 4 3, Received services 83 13

Total 100 27

213

IF HLIMPFUNC = YES HLIMPHOUSE Do you or anyone in your household need assistance with housekeeping? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 80 117 1, Housekeeping 20 40

Total 100 157

IF HLIMPFUNC = YES HLIMPMAIN Do you or anyone in your household need assistance with home maintenance? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 91 130 1, Home maintenance 9 27

Total 100 157

IF HLIMPFUNC = YES HLIMPCARE Do you or anyone in your household need assistance with personal care? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 97 142 1, Personal Care 3 15

Total 100 157

IF HLIMPFUNC = YES HLIMPNONE Do you or anyone in your household need assistance with housekeeping, home maintenance, or personal care? None of the above Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 68 102 1, None of the above 32 55

Total 100 157 214

IF RESPAGE> 64 ISOLATION How satisfied are you with the amount of time you spend with friends and family on a regular basis? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 3 1, Very dissatisfied < 1 4 2, Somewhat dissatisfied 7 24 3, Somewhat satisfied 46 81 4, Very satisfied 45 124

Total 100 236

IF RESPAGE> 64 HLTRANS Do you have access to transportation when needed? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 1 1, Yes, all of the time 88 215 2, Yes, some of the time 10 19 3, No 2 1

Total 100 236

IF HLTRANS = Some of the time or No HLTRANSCON Do you anticipate that your access to transportation may change over the next five years? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 8 2 0, No 24 8 1, Yes 68 10

Total 100 20

215

IF HLTRANSCON = YES HLTRANSDIS Which of the following are reasons you anticipate that your access to transportation may change? Health or disability Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 51 12 1, Health or disability 49 6

Total 100 18

IF HLTRANSCON = YES HLTRANSAGE Which of the following are reasons you anticipate that your access to transportation may change? Aging Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 26 8 1, Aging 74 10

Total 100 18

IF HLTRANSCON = YES HLTRANSFREQ Which of the following are reasons you anticipate that your access to transportation may change? Changes in frequency or convenience of public transportation Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 98 16 1, Changes in frequency or convenience of public 2 2 transportation

Total 100 18

216

IF HLTRANSCON = YES HLTRANSCOST Which of the following are reasons you anticipate that your access to transportation may change? Costs or affordability Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 78 15 1, Costs or affordability 22 3

Total 100 18

HLJEWLIFE In the past year, were you or anyone in your household ever unable to participate fully in Jewish life because of constraints caused by health or ability? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 4 0, No 71 402 1, Yes 5 59 3, Does not apply 23 71

Total 100 536

IF HLJEWLIFE = YES HLJEWLIFE_TXT In which aspects of Jewish life were you or anyone in your household unable to participate? [textbox] 59 responses

217

LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION & FINANCIAL WELL-BEING

WBEMP Are you currently working for pay? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 1 1, Yes, full-time 41 218 2, Yes, part-time 28 102 3, No, not working 11 35 4, No, retired 21 168

Total 100 524

WBEMPLOOK Are you currently looking for work? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question 2 6 0, No 82 473 1, Yes 17 45

Total 100 524

WBSTAN Which of the following words or phrases best describes your {household’s} standard of living? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 5 1, Prosperous 14 61 2, Living very comfortably 18 191 3, Living reasonably comfortably 49 208 4, Just getting along 14 56 5, Nearly poor 2 6 6, Poor 2 6

Total 100 533

218

WBINC Was your household’s income in 2018… Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 3 11 1, Less than $25,000 10 19 2, $25,000 to $49,999 14 60 3, $50,000 to $74,999 11 54 4, $75,000 to $99,999 12 54 5, $100,000 to $149,999 11 90 6, $150,000 to $199,999 7 46 7, $200,000 or more 8 65 99, I prefer not to answer 23 134

Total 100 533

WBRET Overall, how confident are you that you {and your spouse or partner} will have enough money to live comfortably throughout your retirement years? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question 1 8 1, Very confident 14 155 2, Somewhat confident 36 195 3, Uncertain 29 105 4, Not very confident 8 34 5, Not at all confident 11 36

Total 100 533

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBAIDSSDI Are you or anyone in your household currently receiving Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI)? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 78 241 1, Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or 22 33 Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

Total 100 274

219

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBAIDUTIL Are you or anyone in your household currently receiving home energy or utility assistance programs? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 93 258 1, Home energy or utility assistance programs 7 16

Total 100 274

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBAIDUNEMP Are you or anyone in your household currently receiving unemployment benefits? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 100 271 1, Unemployment benefits < 1 3

Total 100 274

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBAIDCOMBO Are you or anyone in your household currently receiving food stamps or SNAP, subsidized housing, Medicaid, or daycare assistance? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 77 243 1, Food stamps or SNAP, subsidized housing, 23 31 Medicaid, or daycare assistance

Total 100 274

220

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBAIDNONE Are you or anyone in your household currently receiving any financial assistance? None of the above Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 30 59 1, None of the above 70 215

Total 100 274

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBHARDEMP In the past year, did you or anyone in your household experience economic hardship because of a change in… Employment (e.g., lost a job, pay reduced, returned to school, etc.) Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 77 230 1, Employment 23 44

Total 100 274

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBHARDHOME In the past year, did you or anyone in your household experience economic hardship because of a change in… Housing (e.g., received a foreclosure, new mortgage, etc.) Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 95 266 1, Housing 5 8

Total 100 274

221

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBHARDHEALTH In the past year, did you or anyone in your household experience economic hardship because of a change in… Health (e.g., illness, medical emergency, etc.) Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 89 251 1, Health 11 23

Total 100 274

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBHARDFAM In the past year, did you or anyone in your household experience economic hardship because of a change in… Family structure (e.g., death of a relative, divorce, new child, etc.) Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 96 259 1, Family structure 4 15

Total 100 274

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBHARDNONE In the past year, did you or anyone in your household experience economic hardship because of a change in… None of the above Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 32 76 1, None of the above 68 198

Total 100 274

222

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBSAVE3MONTH Has your household set aside an emergency or rainy day fund that could cover three months of expenses? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 3 0, No 43 92 1, Yes 56 177

Total 100 272

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBRENT In the last year, did you ever have to miss or reduce a rent, mortgage, or utility bill payment because you could not afford it? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 95 246 1, A rent, mortgage, or utility bill payment 5 18

Total 100 264

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBFOOD In the last year, did you ever have to miss or reduce a meal because you could not afford it? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 96 251 1, A meal 4 13

Total 100 264

223

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBMED In the last year, did you ever have to miss or reduce a prescription for medication because you could not afford it? Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 97 253 1, A prescription for medication 3 11

Total 100 264

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBNONE In the last year, did you ever have to miss or reduce rent, mortgage, or utility bill payment, a meal, and/or a prescription for medication because you could not afford it? None of the above Response Weighted % n

0, Not selected 9 38 1, None of the above 91 226

Total 100 264

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBSAVE400 Would your household be able to pay an unexpected $400 emergency expense with cash, money currently in a bank account, or on a credit card you could pay in full? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped Question < 1 4 0, No 12 22 1, Yes 88 246

Total 100 272

224

IF STANDARD OF LIVING IS REASONABLY COMFORTABLE, JUST GETTING ALONG, NEARLY POOR, OR POOR WBJEWLIFE In the past year, were you or anyone in your household ever unable to participate fully in Jewish life because of financial concerns? Response Weighted % n

0, No 67 214 1, Yes 10 27 3, Does not apply 23 31

Total 100 272

IF WBJEWLIFE=YES WBJEWLIFE_TXT In which aspects of Jewish life were you or anyone in your household unable to participate? [textbox] 27 responses

225

CONCLUDING THOUGHTS

CTSTRGAP Based on your own experience, what do you consider to be the strengths and gaps of the Pioneer Valley Jewish community? [textbox] 371 responses

CTPRIOR What do you think should be the top priority for the Jewish community of the Pioneer Valley in the coming years? [textbox] 375 responses

FUTRESEARCH The Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts is interested in conducting follow-up research on the community in the future. Are you willing to be contacted? Response Weighted % n

-99, Skipped question < 1 3 0, No 31 199 1, Yes 68 314

Total 100 516

IF FUTRESEARCH=Yes FUTCONTACT Please give a phone number and email address where you would likely be able to be reached in the coming year or two. Your contact information will be used only for research purposes, and nothing else, and will be separated from survey responses to protect your privacy. IF FUTRESEARCH=Yes FUTCONTACTNM Name [textbox] 291 responses

226

IF FUTRESEARCH=Yes FUTCONTACTEM Email [textbox-email format] 280 responses

IF FUTRESEARCH=Yes FUTCONTACTPH Phone [textbox- phone number format] 257 responses

227

Appendix E. Study Documentation

Prenotification Letter

September 2019 The {NAME} household HH Address 1 HH Address2 Dear {NAME} household, Your household is invited to participate in a survey of the Pioneer Valley Jewish community. This important survey will study the needs and interests of Jewish people throughout the region. Any information you provide is completely confidential. You will not be asked to donate money. The survey is being conducted by the Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies at Brandeis University and is funded by the Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts. In the next few weeks, you will be getting a phone call from the University of New Hampshire (UNH) Survey Center (603-397-0654). To take the survey by phone, contact the Survey Center at 1-800-786-9760 or [email protected]. To take the survey online, visit https://tinyurl.com/westernmajcs and enter your access code: {aaaaaa} If you want a direct link, please email [email protected] and include your access code: {aaaaa}. If you have questions, please contact Brandeis at 781-736-2936 or email [email protected]. To contact the Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts, call Stewart Bromberg, CEO, at 413-732-1336 or email [email protected]. See the back of this sheet for details. Thank you in advance for your participation in this important research. Sincerely, Matthew Boxer, PhD Assistant Research Professor, Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies Brandeis University 228

Brandeis University

This information is available in large print. Please call Brandeis at 781-736-2936 or email [email protected] and leave a message with your access code: {aaaaaa}.

For information about how the Cohen Center conducts community studies, please visit our website, http://bit.ly/cmjsstudy. You may also contact the Brandeis Human Research Protection Program (781-736- 8133, [email protected]). This committee works to safeguard the interests of individuals who participate in Brandeis-sponsored research.

More about this survey The survey is completely voluntary. It will take about 25-30 minutes to complete. You must be at least 18 years old to participate. Only one person from each household can complete the survey, but it can be any adult in the household.

Who is conducting the study? The Maurice and Marilyn Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies (CMJS) at Brandeis University is a multi- disciplinary research institute dedicated to the study of American Jewry and religious and cultural identity.

Why did I receive a survey invitation? How did you get my contact information? You were randomly selected from a list developed by CMJS of households in your area. CMJS obtained your information from a local Jewish organization, publicly available data, or a list purchased from a commercial data broker.

How will you protect my confidentiality? All information is kept in password-protected files that are available only to the team of researchers. They will not be released to any agency in your local Jewish community or any other outside organization. At the end of the project, all identifying data will be destroyed.

Why should I complete the survey? Your participation in this community study will assist your local Jewish organizations develop an estimate of the size of the Jewish community, describe its shape and character, evaluate programming, assess needs, and inform planning and resource allocation.

I'm not Jewish. Should I still complete the survey? Absolutely. If anyone in your household is currently Jewish or was raised Jewish we would like to learn more about you. If not, answering a few brief questions will help us to estimate the number of Jewish and non- Jewish households that appear on our lists.

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I'm not involved with the Jewish community at all. Should I still complete the survey? Absolutely. The Jewish community would like to understand all Jewish people in the community, no matter their level of involvement. Your feedback will help the community to develop programs that better meet your needs.

What if I don't want to participate? Tell the caller you would like to be removed from the study. If you receive an email invitation, opt out of future reminders. Or contact 781-736-2936 or [email protected]. Please include your access code from the front page of this letter in your message.

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Briefing materials for interviewers

Call Center Training Manual

The contents of this file will help callers and supervisors for the 2019 Pioneer Valley Jewish Community Study (sponsored by the Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts) better understand the questions on the survey and respondents’ answers. If you have any questions that are not addressed by the material in this file, please contact the Cohen Center for clarification.

Matthew Boxer, Principal Investigator

Tel: (781) 736-3968

Email: [email protected]

Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies

Brandeis University, MS 014

415 South Street

Waltham, MA 02454-9110

Web: www.brandeis.edu/cmjs [email protected]

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Part 1: Web Survey and Calling Instructions

The Web Survey

If you reach the respondent and he/she agrees to complete the survey with you over the phone, you will need to open the survey through the CATI.

SKIP THE INTRO PAGE OF THE RESPONDENT SURVEY—it is intended for respondents who complete the survey themselves online.

Go through the survey question by question. An ideal interview should sound something like a conversation. Rather than forcing respondents to listen to every choice every time, we’re going to use conversational tricks, like pauses, to attempt to elicit answers. If the pause doesn’t elicit an answer, we gently prompt respondents by reading response categories. If a respondent stops you while you are reading the response categories, don’t make him/her listen to them all.

DO NOT ASSUME YOU KNOW WHAT A RESPONDENT WOULD ANSWER. If a respondent gives an answer that doesn’t fit into a category, gently try to prompt them into one by first rereading the response categories (“Would that be ‘somewhat agree’ or ‘strongly agree’?”) and, if that fails, say that you understand that the categories do not quite fit, but which one would be the most appropriate. If that doesn’t work, move onto the next question.

If a respondent asks what a question means, simply say “whatever it means to you.” For example, we ask, “In the past year, did you do anything to celebrate...[list of holidays]. If the respondent asks what “celebrate” means, say “Whatever you define as celebrate.” If the respondent continues to press, just repeat, “Whatever you define as celebrate.”

If you run into technical difficulties (i.e., the survey will not load), inform a supervisor.

Sending a new link upon request from respondent SPELL OUT E-MAIL BACK TO RESPONDENT. If he/she wants to know what the e-mail will be used for, say, “We will use your e-mail only for the purposes of this study. We won’t add you to any mailing list or give out your information to any other organization.”

Make sure to CLOSE THE SURVEY WINDOW/TAB once you’ve finished.

Getting Cut Off in the Middle of a Survey If a respondent gets cut off in the middle of a survey, e.g., if his/her cell phone has spotty coverage, call back. If he/she does not pick up, leave a voicemail with contact information. Mark to ‘call back later’ and explain in the note what happened during the phone call. If a respondent wants to stop the survey, try saying, “We only have a few more questions left.” 232

At the end of a call, click “Next” to ensure that the responses on the current page are saved, and then close the window/tab. The survey software will remember previous survey answers if/when the respondent returns to the survey.

Call Outcomes Respondent Call Outcomes Hard Refusal- If you speak with the respondent and it is clear we should NOT call this number again. Examples:

• Respondent answered but hung up the phone in the middle of my introduction, I called again and respondent hung up again. Hard Refusal.

• Respondent answered and asked to be removed from our e-mail and phone lists.

Soft Refusal- If you speak with the respondent and he/she does not seem interested in taking the survey but also does not refuse to take the survey outright. After being reviewed by a supervisor, we re-assign these cases to our most experienced callers who try to get a different outcome. Example:

• Reached Steven. He said he was busy at work and hung up.

Will Complete Online- You speak with the respondent and he/she says he/she will complete the survey online. Left Message with Respondent- If you spoke to the respondent and he/she listened to what you had to say, but didn’t request another survey link and didn’t necessarily confirm that he/she would do the survey online. Voice Message on Identified Machine- You leave a voice message on a machine that either you think identifies the respondent (has their first name) or that has previously been determined to belong to the respondent. Example:

• Left VM encouraging respondent to do survey, machine says “Sally” in its recording.

• Left VM on automated machine for Bobby. Mother had told us that this is the resp. cell number.

Voice Message on ID Machine + e-mail- You leave a voice message on a machine that either you think identifies the respondent (has their first name) or that has previously been determined to belong to the respondent. When this is the call outcome, you will need to send a follow-up email with a link to the survey. Call Back Later- Make a note to call back later if the respondent requested to be called back at a different time. You should record anything that happened in the conversation. Try to get the respondent to pick a specific time for the call back, but if respondent won’t, then just pick a time. If a respondent requests to be called back later on a different number than the one you are calling right now, note the new number and time when to call back. 233

Example:

• Reached respondent. She was at work, so said to call 5454 number (her home number) tomorrow. Make call back on 5454 number.

This call outcome also applies to situations that are more general. For example, if you hear in a VM that the respondent is out of the office until next week, then note a call back time for next week.

Non-Respondent Call Outcomes

Hard Refusal- You speak to a parent or spouse or roommate or whoever and they say that they don’t want to be contacted again. Example:

• Spoke with father who said “Stop calling me!” and hung up after I said I was calling from Brandeis University and asked to speak with the respondent.

Or they hang up on you (and then you call back and they hang up again). Example comment:

• Called and said “Hi can I speak with Lauren?,” the person said “This is her mother. Who’s calling?” After I said that I was calling from Brandeis University about the study, the mother hung up. I called back right away and after I said “Hi. I think we got disconnected. Can I speak with Lauren?” The person hung up on me again.

Or if he/she refuses for the respondent (this essentially means they don’t want to be called again). For example, you may hear the person who answered the phone asking the respondent and the respondent answering in the background. If this particular situation occurs, this is a respondent hard refusal outcome. Example:

• Spoke with brother who was conveying everything I was saying to his brother who was in the other room (but I could hear him in the background). Said respondent didn’t want to participate and I heard him say so in the background.

Soft Refusal: The person that you speak with does not seem too interested in listening to you or passing along your message. After being reviewed by a supervisor, we re-assign these cases to our most experienced callers who try to get a different outcome. Example:

• Spoke with roommate who said she didn’t think the respondent would be interested. She hung up before I could try to get better contact information or ask her to pass along our information to the respondent. She didn’t seem very interested in listening. 234

Will Pass Message Along to Respondent: If you spoke to a person who would not give out the respondent’s contact info but was willing to take a message and pass it along to the respondent. Example:

• Spoke with grandparent, he didn’t want to give me respondent’s info, so he agreed to take Dina’s info and tell respondent.

Left VM on Confirmed Other Answering Machine: You left a voice mail on an answering machine that is confirmed (either by name in machine message or by previously speaking to a person at this number) to be the correct number. Example:

• Left VM on machine with a message that said “You’re reached the Cohen residence.” Since the respondent’s last name is Cohen, this is probably the respondent’s parents/home phone number. I left a message saying who we’re looking for, about the study, and Dina’s information.

Language Barrier: If you reached a person who you are unable to communicate with (because they don’t speak English or speak English very poorly), then you should note this. Make sure to leave a comment that includes what language the person speaks, if you can tell. Example:

• Spoke with father who sounded Russian, could not communicate with him, have a Russian speaker call back.

Call Back Later: You reached someone other than the respondent, who asked to be called back at another time. Note to ‘call back later’ and include date and time when to call back and anything else that happened during the conversation. Try to get the respondent to pick a specific time for the call back, but if he/she won’t, then just pick a time. Examples:

• Spoke with sister who said she didn’t have time to talk right now, but that she would be able to give us the resp’s info if we call back tomorrow at noon, lives in California.

• Spoke with a little kid who said his mom would be back later tonight. So, I’m going to note this as a call back for 8:00 pm EST.

• Reached someone (maybe dad) who didn’t seem to speak English very well (maybe is Russian), but said his son would be back tomorrow to talk, I asked for a time and he said 7:30 pm EST.

• Spoke to mother who gave the 5656 number for respondent. Mother said that the respondent is on vacation until next weekend, so I made a call back for then at the new number.

Another time when you might note ‘call back later’ is if you get a new number and you can’t call it right away because of the time zone of that new number. For example, let’s say you reach a mother who gives you the cell number for the respondent. The mother lives in California, so you called her at 9:00 PM EST. So, it’s too 235

late to call New York (where the respondent lives- the time zone of the new cell number). So, you should schedule the call back for the next day at 7:00 PM. When scheduling a call back, make sure you always ask what time zone the call back is for (just because it is a 617 number, you cannot assume that the call is in Boston).

Sent E-mail: The person you reach either:

• Gives you a new e-mail for the respondent.

If this happens, you should make sure to note the new e-mail and write a note saying who you got the e-mail from. You might write “Hi Ben! I spoke with your dad today who gave us this e-mail address for you. We hope that you’ll complete this quick survey to help out with our important research study. Thank you!”

• If the person you reach, or a voice-mail, verifies an existing e-mail for the respondent.

The conversation might go like this:

• You: “Hi. Can I speak with Ben?”

• Other: “He doesn’t live here anymore.”

• You: “Do you have a better phone number or e-mail address at which I might reach him?”

• Other: “Who is this?”

• You: “My name is [_____] and I’m calling on behalf of the Cohen Center at Brandeis University. We are trying to get in touch with Ben regarding a quick survey on Jewish adults in Western Massachusetts.

• Other: “Oh, ok. Sure. His e-mail is [email protected]”

Another way the conversation might go when another person verifies an existing e-mail we have for the respondent is:

• You: “Hi, can I speak with Ben?”

• Other: “He doesn’t live here anymore.”

• You: “Do you have a better phone number or e-mail address at which I might reach him?”

• Other: “Who is this?”

• You: “My name is [______] and I’m calling on behalf of the Cohen Center at Brandeis University. We are trying to get in touch with Ben regarding a quick survey on Jewish adults in Western Massachusetts.

• Other: “I don’t think I’d like to give you his contact information.”

• You: “We have [email protected] as an e-mail on file for him. Would you mind letting me know if that’s correct?” 236

• Other: “Yeah, I think it is.”

We do not e-mail links to the survey to anyone other than the respondent. DO NOT send e-mails to anyone other than the respondent. If someone other than the respondent requests that you e-mail them the survey, send them a custom message explaining the survey and providing our contact information. Say that you are not allowed to send the survey link to anyone other than the respondent, but that the respondent can contact us directly for the link. The conversation might go like this:

• You: “Hi. Can I speak with Ben?”

• Other: “He doesn’t live here anymore.”

• You: “Do you have a better phone number or e-mail address at which I might reach him?”

• Other: “Who is this?”

• You: “My name is [______] and I’m calling on behalf of the Cohen Center at Brandeis University. We are trying to get in touch with Ben regarding a quick survey on Jewish adults in the Pioneer Valley that he can complete online.

• Other: “If you send it to me, I will forward it to Ben.”

• You: “We can’t send the survey to anyone other than Ben, but I can send you an e-mail with the information Ben needs to know. We would really appreciate it if you could forward that along to him. What’s your e-mail address?”

Example: “Hi Mr. Cohen, Thank you so much for speaking with me today and for agreeing to forward our information to Ben. We are conducting a study in Jewish adults in the Pioneer Valley and would really like for Ben to complete our quick 30-minute survey online to help us out with this important research. To get the link to the survey, Ben just needs to e-mail us at [email protected] or call us at 781-736-2936. We hope to hear from Ben soon because his responses are very important to us. Thank you! Thanks, [your name]”

Gave New Number: The person you reached gave you a new phone number for the respondent. Of course, make sure you call the new number right away (if time zones permit you). Example:

• Spoke to mother who didn’t want to take a message, but did give me respondent’s cell number (7462) and said she’s living in Texas now.

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Other Call Outcomes

Disconnected: You reached a message that said that the number that is disconnected. Once a number has had a call outcome of disconnected 3 times in a row, note this and DO NOT continue to call that number.

Rings Out: You reached a number that rings and rings with no answer or voice-mail/answering machine. Once a number has had a call outcome of ‘Rings out’ 3 times in a row, note this and DO NOT continue to call that number.

Wrong number: A number that reaches someone who does not know the respondent. If you think there is a reason to try this number again, consult with the supervisor.

Busy signal: You reached a number that has a busy signal. Once a number has had a call outcome of ‘Busy Signal’ 3 times in a row, note this and DO NOT continue to call that number.

Automated Message with New Number: You reached an automated message that provides a new number. The automated message might say something like “The number you’ve reached is no longer in service. The new number is 555-888-3333.” Make sure you note the new number and make it clear that we shouldn’t call the old number anymore, but should call the new number instead. Then call the new number.

Fax machine: You reached a fax machine; it makes loud high-pitched noises. If you think there is a reason to try this number again, consult with the supervisor.

Left Message at Automated VM: you reach an answering machine that is automated, meaning it is not a person’s voice and you cannot tell who it reaches; you leave a more general message. If it’s the first time you’re calling, you might leave a voice-mail like this “Hi, my name is [______], and I’m calling on behalf of the Cohen Center at Brandeis University. We are trying to reach [respondent] regarding a survey that we are conducting. We’d really appreciate it if he/she could call us back at XXX-XXX-XXXX or e-mail us at [email protected]. That’s [SPELL EACH LETTER OF STUDY EMAIL]. Thank you!”

VM full: You get a message saying something like ‘The voice mail box is full.” Once a number has had this call outcome 3 times in a row, note this and DO NOT continue to call that number.

Not Accepting Calls/VM Not set Up: You reached a message that says something like “The person you are trying to reach is not accepting calls at this time” or “The mail box of the person you are trying to reach is not set up at this time.” Once a number has had this call outcome 3 times in a row, you should note this and let your supervisor know. When Things Go Wrong What to do when things go wrong… People may be upset by certain Jewish organizations or may have had a bad experience with the Pioneer Valley Jewish community. Be sympathetic. If they had a bad experience, let them know that this survey is the perfect place for them to make their feelings known. If a respondent won’t do the survey, thank him/her very much for his/her time and hang up. 238

If someone asks to speak with the supervisor, that’s OK. Find the supervisor. People may be abusive. If this happens, simply say “Thank you very much for your time” and hang up. You don’t need to wait for a pause in the tirade. The call outcome is a ‘hard refusal’ and note the situation. Part 2: Pronunciation Guide Jewish Holidays Cheat Sheet Chanukah/Hanukkah (Ha-nuh-ka or Kha-noo-kah): Festival of Lights, usually celebrated in December. (Traditions: Lighting a menorah; eating jelly donuts and latkes; playing with dreidels.) High Holidays: Also sometimes referred to as the “High Holy Days.” Refers to Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur (both defined below). Lag Ba’Omer (Lahg bah-oh-mair): 33rd day of a seven-week period beginning on the second day of Passover and ending the day before Shavuot (both of which are defined below). Traditionally marks the end date of a plague that killed all but five of 24,000 students of a leading rabbi of the first and second centuries CE. Referred to as Lag La’Omer by Sephardic Jews. (Traditions: bonfires, carnivals, haircuts, weddings.) Passover (In Hebrew: Pay-sakh): Celebrating the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt in Biblical times. (Traditions: Holding/attending seders [say-dur – ritual meals and Exodus story retellings]; eating matzah.) Observed in the spring. Purim (Poo-reem or Purr-im): Celebrating the foiling of a plot to kill the Jews of Persia. (Traditions: dressing in costumes; throwing parties; reading the Book of Esther.) Observed in the early spring. Rosh Hashanah (Rosh Ha-sha-na – many possible pronunciations): The Jewish New Year, celebrated in the early fall. (Traditions: Blowing the shofar [ram’s horn]; eating apples and honey.) Shavuot (Sha-voo-oat or Shuh-voo-iss): Festival of Weeks, celebrating the Israelites receiving of the Torah at Mt. Sinai. (Traditions: Eating cheesecake; staying up all night to learn Jewish texts.) Observed in the late spring/early summer. Simchat Torah (Sim-khaht Toe-rah or Sim-khus Toe-rah): Often thought of as the last day of Sukkot; ending/beginning of Torah reading cycle. (Traditions: Dancing with Torah scrolls; large-scale celebration.) Sukkot (Soo-kote or Suh-kiss): Festival of Booths, celebrated in the fall. Commemorates dwellings of Israelites during 40 years of wandering in the desert. (Traditions: building/eating in huts or booths.) Tisha B’Av (Tee-shah bi-Ahv or Tih-shuh bi’Ahv): Day of mourning commemorating the destruction of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem. Tu B’Shevat (Too Bee-shvaht): Holiday of trees, celebrated sometime in mid-winter. (Traditions: Planting trees; eating nuts, dates, figs.) Yom Ha’Atzmaut (Yome Ha-atz-ma-oot): Israel Independence Day, celebrated in the spring. (Traditions: Israel parades; Israel-themed parties.) Yom Ha’Shoah (Yome Ha-sho-ah): Holocaust Remembrance Day, in memory of the 6 million Jews murdered during the Holocaust. Observed in the spring (April/May). 239

Yom Kippur (Yome Key-poor or Yome Kipper): Day of Atonement, celebrated in fall. (Traditions: 25 hours of fasting and prayer.)

Hebrew/Yiddish Words Cheat Sheet Ashkenazi (Ahsh-ke-nah-zee): Refers to Jews of Eastern and Central European descent. (See also Mizrahi and Sephardi.) Bar Mitzvah or Bat/Bas Mitzvah (Bar Mitts-vah; Bot/Bahs Mitts-vah): Age at which a Jewish child is regarded as an adult under Jewish religious law. Boys have a Bar Mitzvah (literally “son of the commandments”), traditionally at age 13; girls have a Bat Mitzvah (literally “daughter of the commandments”), traditionally at age 12. Does not require a ceremony or celebration to mark the event, but in contemporary practice often has one. Bim (Bee-mah): Generally a raised platform or stage in a synagogue from which prayers are led and the Torah is read. Brit Milah/Bris (Breet Mee-lah/Bris): A Jewish circumcision that occurs when the baby boy is 8 days old. Chabad (Kha-bod): A Jewish movement that is particularly active near college campuses. Known for outreach to non-religious Jews. Sometimes known as Lubavitch after the village of its origin in Western Russia. Challah (Kha-lah or kha-lah): Braided loaf of bread traditionally eaten during Shabbat and holiday meals. Chametz (khuh-mitz or kha-metz): Leavened foods that Jews are traditionally forbidden to consume or even own during Passover. Charoset (kha-row-set): A traditional food eaten during Passover, traditionally made of either apples, walnuts, spices, and wine (in Ashkenazic families) or dates, apricots, raisins, almonds or pistachios, and wine (in Sephardic families). Chasidic/Hasidic (Kha-sid-ick): Refers to any of a variety of forms of Orthodox Judaism that promotes spirituality through the internalization of Jewish mysticism. Chabad is the most widely recognized form of Chasidism today. Chavurah/Havurah (Kha-voo-rah): A lay-organized Jewish prayer community. A havurah may not have an official building or rabbi, but will meet regularly for prayer. Haggadah (huh-guh-duh): A book read during the seder (see below) to tell the story of Passover. Kaddish (Kah-dish): Jewish prayer for the dead. Kehilla (Keh-hee-lah): Hebrew word for congregation or community. Kiddush (Kee-doosh or kih-dish): Jewish prayer over wine recited at the beginning of Shabbat and holidays, as well as at some special events (e.g., weddings). Ma’ariv (Mah-ah-reev): Evening prayers. Matzah (mots-uh or mots-ah): Unleavened bread. Traditionally eaten throughout Passover, though many Jews also eat it during the year. 240

Mezuzah (Meh-zoo-zah or meh-zoo-zah): An encased scroll of parchment put on the doorway of a Jewish home. Mincha (Min-khah): Afternoon prayers. Minyan (Meen-yahn or like minion): A Jewish prayer quorum needed to conduct services. Mizrahi (Miz-rah-khee): Refers to Jews of Middle Eastern descent. (See also Ashkenazi and Sephardi.) Seder (seh-dehr or say-der): Ritual meal on the first night (and, outside of Israel, traditionally also on the second night) of Passover, during which the story of Passover is told. Sephardi (Seh-far-dee): Refers to Jews of Spanish descent. (See also Ashkenazi and Mizrahi.) Shabbat (Shah-bot): Sabbath. Begins Friday night at sundown and ends Saturday night at sundown. Traditionally a day of rest. Many respondents may use the Yiddish pronunciation, Shah-biss. Shaharit (Shah-hah-reet): Morning prayers. Shaliach (Shah-lee-akh): Hebrew word for emissary, refers to an Israeli sent to live among a local Jewish community as a representative of Israel. Shivah (Shi-vah): A seven-day period of mourning observed by the loved one’s family. Friends and neighbors will bring over food and comfort the family during the week. Shtetl (Shteh-tull): Typically refers to a small town with a large Jewish population in Eastern or Central Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries before World War II. In popular usage, may refer to a neighborhood with a disproportionate Jewish population. (Classic example: Fiddler on the Roof.) Shul (Shool): Refers to a Jewish congregation, usually a synagogue. Siddur (See-duer or sih-derr): A Jewish prayer book. Tallit (Tah-leet or tah-liss): A Jewish prayer shawl, traditionally worn by men during certain prayers. In recent years, some women have begun wearing them too. Talmud (Tall-mood): Central text of rabbinic Judaism, over 6,000 pages in length, containing teachings and opinions of thousands of rabbis on a wide variety of topics. Tikkun olam (Tee-koon oh-lahm): Literally, repairing the world. Refers to shared sense of ethical responsibility to build a model society in which everyone is treated fairly and everyone’s needs are met. Torah (Toe-rah or toe-rah): Foundational text of Judaism; occasionally referred to in English as the Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses. Tzedakah (Tseh-duh-kuh or ts-dah-kah): Literally means justice or righteousness, but most commonly used to refer to charity. More generally, the religious obligation to conduct oneself according to norms of justice and propriety. Yahrzeit (Yar-tzite): Anniversary of the death of a close relative (parent, sibling, spouse, or child). Literally means “time of year.” Often marked by lighting a special candle that burns all day and recitation of Kaddish in memory of the deceased. Yeshiva (Yeh-shee-vah): An intensive academy of Jewish learning, typically deeply religious in orientation, that focuses primarily on traditional religious texts such as the Torah and Talmud. 241

Branches of Judaism

There is one section of the survey where respondents will be asked to identify themselves or members of their household with a “branch” of Judaism. Branches are denominational movements; membership in one movement or another typically suggests a certain level of religiosity, though there is also wide variation within movements. The main movements are referred to as:

- Orthodox - Conservative - Reconstructionist - Reform

Of these, adherents to Orthodox Judaism tend to be most religiously conservative, while Reconstructionist and Reform Jews tend to be more progressive. (Note that Conservative Judaism should not be confused with political conservatism; many Conservative Jews are politically liberal.)

In addition to these movements, there are several other common responses given by respondents on Jewish surveys when asked about affiliation with a branch of Judaism:

- Renewal: difficult to describe, but has origins in countercultural movements late 1960s and 1970s - Secular/culturally Jewish: These respondents may prefer to identify as secular or cultural Jews rather than identifying with one of the main movements, which have more religious connotations. - Just Jewish: Many respondents prefer not to identify with any given denomination or movement, saying instead that they are “just Jewish.”

Respondents may decide that none of these options fit them and provide a different response. For these respondents, type their response in the text box next to “Other.” Common “other” entries for this question include post-denominational, traditional, modern Orthodox, Chabad, and Conservadox (i.e., a combination of Conservative and Orthodox).

General Jewish Communal Phrases and Organizations

ADL: The Anti-Defamation League. An organization dedicated to fighting antisemitism and other forms of bigotry. AIPAC (Ay-pack): The American Israel Public Affairs Committee. A lobbying group that advocates pro- Israel policies to the US government. Antisemitism (anti-sem-uh-tism): Prejudice, hatred of, or discrimination against Jews, individually or as a group, based on their Jewish national, ethnic, religious, or racial identity. BDS: “Boycott, Divest, Sanction” – a movement dedicated toward applying economic pressure against the State of Israel to end its occupation of the West Bank and improve conditions for Palestinians. Prominent only in last several years. Often perceived as antisemitic. 242

Birthright Israel (in Hebrew, Taglit [Tahg-leet]) A program that provides a free ten-day educational tour of Israel for qualified, self-identified Jewish young adults between the ages of 18 and 32. Largest Jewish educational program in the world; over 350,000 participants since 1999. Day school: Similar to Catholic school, a full-day program attended by Jewish children instead of public school in which students learn both secular subjects (e.g., English, math, science, social studies, etc.) and Jewish subjects (e.g., Hebrew, Jewish history, theology, etc.) Hadassah (Huh-dah-suh): The Women’s Zionist Organization of America. Volunteer organization that promotes ties to Israel. Best known as a leading supporter of medical research. Hebrew school: Supplementary Jewish educational program attended by children between one and four times a week, generally after school or on weekends, in order to teach them about Jewish religious life, culture, and history. Sometimes referred to as “supplementary school” or “Sunday school.” Hillel (Hill-el): Shorthand for Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life. Largest Jewish college campus- based organization in the world, serving over 550 colleges and universities throughout the world but primarily in North America. J Street: An advocacy group that describes itself as left-wing, pro-Israel, and in favour of a peaceful settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Its collegiate arm is known as J Street U. Jewish National Fund: JNF. A charitable Zionist organization that primarily manages significant land holdings and large infrastructure projects in Israel. Jewish War Veterans: An organization of Jewish veterans who served in the US armed forces during times of war. Judaism (Joo-dee-ism): The monotheistic, Abrahamic religion of the Jewish people with the Torah as its foundational text. ORT (pronounced as a word, rhymes with “sort”): A global Jewish charity that primarily funds educational programs, vocational training, and social development for Jews and non-Jews around the world. PJ Library: Program that mails Jewish children’s books and music each month to families across the country. Three pillars of Judaism: A reference, generally from more religious Jews, to a section of the Talmud that says the world rests on three things: Torah study, ritual observance, and acts of kindness. Zionism: National political movement of the Jewish people in support of a Jewish national homeland in the Land of Israel. Zionist Organization of America: ZOA. A prominent American pro-Israel advocacy group and primary representative of American Jews to the World Zionist Organization.

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Community Specific Organizations: Pioneer Valley

Beit Ahavah (Bayt ah-ha-vah)

Camp Shemesh (Shem-mesh)

Chabad House at Amherst (Kha-bod)

Congregation Ahavas Achim (Ah-ha-vahs Ah-kheem)

Congregation B'nai Israel (Bi-nay)

Congregation B'nai Torah (Bi-nay Toe-ruh)

Congregation Rodphey Sholom (Road-fay Sha-lome)

Congregation Sons of Zion

Culture Connect

Five College Hillel (Hill-el)

Gan Keshet Preschool (Gahn Keh-sheht)

Greater Springfield Eruv (Ay-roov)

Harold Grinspoon Foundation (Grin-spoon)

Hebrew Free Loan Association of Greater Springfield, Inc.

Institute for Holocaust, Genocide, and Memory Studies

Jewish Arts & Culture Initiative of the Harold Grinspoon Foundation

Jewish Community of Amherst

Jewish Family Service of Western Massachusetts

Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts

Jewish Historical Society of Western Massachusetts, Inc.

JGS: Lifecare

Lander-Grinspoon Academy (Grin-spoon)

Lubavitcher Yeshiva Academy (luh-buh-vitchr Yi-sheev-ah)

Mak'hela - The Jewish Chorus of Western Massachusetts (Mahk-hay-la)

Mount Holyoke College Jewish Student Union 244

Northern New England Region of Hadassah (Huh-dah-suh)

Pioneer Valley Arts/Film Festival

Resource Center for Jewish Education

Sandi Kupperman Learning Center of Temple Beth El

Sinai Temple (Sigh-nigh)

Smith College Hillel

Springfield Jewish Community Center

Springfield Mikvah Association (Mikvah of Greater Springfield) (Mick-vuh)

Temple Beth El

Temple Israel

University of Massachusetts Hillel

Valley Jewish Seniors

Westfield State Hillel

Yiddish Book Center

245

Additional Resources

The links on this page are provided for anyone who wishes to learn more about this study or related research.

1) A Portrait of Jewish Americans: Findings from a Pew Research Center Survey of U.S. Jews (2013), http://www.pewforum.org/files/2013/10/jewish-american-full-report-for-web.pdf

The most recent large scale, nationally representative study of the US Jewish population; several Cohen Center researchers advised the Pew Research Center on the methodology and instrument.

2) South Palm Beach County Jewish Population Study, 2018 (2018), https://www.brandeis.edu/ssri/communitystudies/southpalmbeach.html

The most recent published Jewish community study conducted by the Cohen Center. Illustrates the kind of analysis we will do with the data collected for this study.

3) Judaism 101, http://www.jewfaq.org/index.shtml

An online encyclopedia of Judaism, primarily from an Orthodox viewpoint. 246

Appendix F. Maps

The maps in this appendix are dot density maps, a type of map that uses dots to illustrate the presence or prevalence of a specified feature or phenomenon. In this case, the maps provide a simple way to visualize the distribution of the Jewish population of the Pioneer Valley. The maps show the distribution of all Jewish households, Jewish adults of different ages, households in which someone personally experienced antisemitism in the past year, households with children (ages 0-17), households with children who sent their children to Jewish summer camps in the summer of 2019, households with children enrolled in Jewish day schools or Hebrew schools, households who donated to the Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts, and households who volunteered for Jewish organizations. Each map indicates the number of households represented by each dot. For all maps, each dot is randomly placed within the ZIP code in which the represented households reside. Regardless of the precise placement of any given dot, it should not be understood to represent any particular household. 247

Figure F1. Geographic distribution of Jewish households in the Pioneer Valley

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Figure F2. Geographic distribution of Jewish households with young adults (ages 18-49) vs. all other Jewish households in the Pioneer Valley

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Figure F3. Geographic distribution of Jewish households with adults ages 50-59 vs. all other Jewish households in the Pioneer Valley

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Figure F4. Geographic distribution of Jewish households with adults ages 60-69 vs. all other Jewish households in the Pioneer Valley

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Figure F5. Geographic distribution of Jewish households with adults ages 70 and older vs. all other Jewish households in the Pioneer Valley

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Figure F6. Geographic distribution of households that personally experienced antisemitism vs. those that did not in the Pioneer Valley

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Figure F7. Geographic distribution of Jewish households with children ages 0-17 in the Pioneer Valley

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Figure F8. Geographic distribution of Jewish households with children ages 0-17 in the Pioneer Valley who sent their children to Jewish summer camps vs. those that did not

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Figure F9. Geographic distribution of Jewish households with children ages 0-17* in the Pioneer Valley who enrolled children in day school or Hebrew school

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* Includes 18- and 19-year-olds who are still in high school.

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Figure F10. Geographic distribution of Jewish households in the Pioneer Valley who donated to the Jewish Federation of Western Massachusetts vs. those who did not donate

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Figure F11. Geographic distribution of Jewish households in the Pioneer Valley who volunteered for Jewish organizations vs. those who did not

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