CONTENTS
Message from the Managers Overview /1 Environmental Protection of Three Gorges Project and Gezhouba Projects /3 Environmental Protection of Hydropower Development in the Jinsha River /10 Environmental Protection of Other Projects /18 Special Program on Ecological and Environmental Protection /20 Conclusion /28 Li Yong' an, President of CTGPC Message from the Managers
China Three Gorges Project Corporation, hereafter referred as CTGPC, is a clean energy group corporation with hydropower development as its main business. With the steady growth of energy demand in China, the government has taken the development of hydropower as an important energy strategy to protect environment, reduce green house gas emission and to conserve resources. Under this new circumstances, CTGPC has been trying to strike a balance between the development and protection of water resources during the development of large scale hydropower projects by advocating and carrying out the philosophy of “Every hydro- project should be well built to boost the local economy, improve the ambient environment and benefit the relocated people”. It has been practiced to summarize comprehensively the abundant practical experience of China, while borrowing and absorbing the cream from the sustainable development concept and the successful cases of international community. For the year 2008, with the intensification of the implementation of the scientific outlook on development, according to the strategic plan of corporate development, CTGPC carefully organized the project construction and power generation and maintained a steady and fast business development by constantly proceeding the overall institutional reform and restructuring and actively responding to the natural disaster and the financial crisis. At the same time, CTGPC has carried out the energy conservation and environmental protection, which could be demonstrated in the following aspects: during the planning stage of the projects (including hydropower and wind power projects), project impact on ecological environment was studied, environmental impact assessment was carried out in accordance to the legislation and energy and resources conservation planning was conducted; during the construction period of the Three Gorges Project, Xiluodu Project and Xiangjiaba Project, every measure stipulated in the EIA was earnestly applied and the rule of “Three Simultaneously” for environmental protection was strictly implemented so as to save energy and resources in a real sense; during the operation of Three Gorges Project and Gezhouba Project, a more water-saving and environmentally friendly regulation method was adopted to step up the clean energy production, which has given a full play to the ecological and environmental benefits of the project. For the year 2009, CTGPC will seriously implement the spirit of the 17th CCCPC and the 3rd Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee as well as the Central Economic Work Conference. Following the general arrangement at the Meeting for Heads of the Central Enterprises held by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, CTGPC will intensify the implementation of the scientific outlook on development, proceed the strategic plan of corporate development, carefully organize the project construction and power generation, strengthen environmental protection and energy conservation and maintain a steady and fast business development of the corporation. Ⅰ Overview
The China Three Gorges Project Corporation was established on September 27th, 1993 with the approval of the State Council for the construction of Three Gorges Project and the development of Yangtze River. CTGPC is an enterprise solely funded by the state strategically oriented to be a clean energy group corporation with the development and operation of large scale hydro- projects as its main business. Its business covers construction and management of water resources and hydropower projects, united and integrated regulation of cascade hydro projects, power generation and the related technological service. CTGPC adopts the General Manager (GM) Responsibility System with the GM as the legal representative of the corporation. The incumbent GM is Mr. Li Yongan. Under the GM, there are Chief Engineer, Chief Economist, Chief Accountant who are supposed to assist the work of GM. Four professional commissions are established, including the Science and Technology Commission, Investment Commission, Budgeting Commission and the Environment and Cultural Relics Protection Commission, as the advisory body of the corporation for technological, economical and environmental decisions. CTGPC is fully in charge of the construction and operation of the TGP. In 2008, the construction of the main body of TGP was completed ahead of time, and the units of the right bank power plant were put into full operation. During the same year, the condition was ready for the 175m water impounding, and a trial impoundment was conducted. Except the follow- up construction of the ship lock, all the construction items of the preliminary design were completed one year ahead of time with a good quality. After the trial impoundment, the flood control capacity of the reservoir was established. Therefore the TGP was ready to perform the normal flood control function with the flood control standard of the Jingjiang river section being improved from 10 year event to 100 year event. The annual power production of the TGP-Gezhouba Cascade Projects numbered 97,860 GWhs, being 106% of the annual plan. By 2008, the power production of TGP had totaled 288,514GWhs. The cargo volume shipped through the dam site of Three Gorges Project hit another historical high of 68.47 million tons. In a dry period, TGP increased the reservoir discharge volume as a supplement to the downstream water to meet the navigation demand downstream Gezhouba Project, which also improved the water supply of middle and downstream Yangtze River. CTGPC has got the authorization from the state to develop in a roll the hydraulic resources of upper Yangtze River on its mainstream and tributaries, and has been put in charge of organizing the construction of four huge hydro projects, including Xiluodu Project, Xiangjiaba Project, Wudongde Project and Baihetan Project. In 2008, the hydropower development of Jinsha river section, the upper reaches of Yangtze River, made important breakthrough. The river closure at the Xiangjiaba Project site succeeded. The Xiluodu Project was forwarded according the original plan. The early work of Wudongde Project, Baihetan Project and Xiaonanhai Project have all been started orderly. 2008
During the development and operation of hydro projects, CTGPC has always been guided by the scientific outlook on development, actively advocating and implementing the philosophy of “Every hydro-project should be well built to boost the local economy, improve the ambient environment and benefit the relocated people” in order to coordinate and harmonize the economic, social and ecological benefits. CTGPC attaches great importance to fulfilling of social responsibilities of the enterprise, working vigorously towards the goal of ecological environmental protection, energy conservation and consumption reduction, as well as designated poverty alleviation. It has played the role of backbone as a central enterprise to conquer extra-large natural disasters and support holding of the Beijing Olympic Games. CTGPC always conducted EIA for projects stringently observing the laws and regulations, e.g. the Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment and the Regulations on Environmental Protection Management of Construction Projects so as to practically minimize the negative impacts of projects upon ecological environment, making sure that the protective measures and the main body construction are simultaneously designed, constructed and put into operation. At all stages of a project design, construction and operation, CTGPC has conscientiously carried out the ecological environmental protection and restoration, put the energy conservation and emission reduction measures into effect. The discharge of waste water, waste air, solid waste and noise were severely controlled, and the efficiency of integrated resources utilization was enhanced, contributing to the building of energy- saving and environmentally friendly project. In case of inevitable ecological impact, active compensation was put into place through special programs. In 2008, CTGPC fully carried out the environmental protection measures by promulgating the Protection and Utilization Plan of the TGP Management Area, and some preliminary result has been produced. Proliferation and Release Station at the Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba Project were completed and put into operation, and the precious endemic fishes were released at the downstream Jinsha river section for the first time. CTGPC has also officially taken over the Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute. In the same year, CTGPC successfully convened the “International Seminar on Three Gorges Project & Development and Protection of Water Resources of Yangtze River”. The total investment of CTGPC in environmental protection stood at 464 million RMB (exclusive of planning and resettlement environmental protection investment) 2008
Xiangjiaba Project 27%
Three Gorges Project 46%
Xiluodu Project 27%
Environmental Protection Investment of CTGPC In 2008
Environmental protection of Three Ⅱ Gorges – Gezhouba Project
The Three Gorges Project is a backbone project for the treatment and development of Yangtze River, bearing benefit on many aspects including flood control, power generation and navigation, etc. In 2008, the construction of the main body of the project was completed ahead of time, and the generation units at the right bank power plants were put into full operation. During the same year, the condition was ready for the 175m water impounding, and a trial impoundment was conducted. Except the follow-up construction of ship lock, all the construction items of the preliminary design were completed one year ahead of time.
The installed capacity of the Three Gorges-Gezhouba Cascade Project hit 21.035 GW. The cargo volume shipped through the dam site of Three Gorges Project hit another historical high of 68.47 million tons. The tourists visiting the scenic zone of the Three Gorges Project numbered 924.6 thousand person-times throughout the whole year.
2.1 Environmental protection in construction
During the year 2008, CTGPC proactively carried out the environmental protection and ecological restoration with the aim to make the Three Gorges Project a world class modern 2008
hydro base and a demonstration project of ecological protection. For this work, CTGPC was rewarded by the National Forestation Commission as the “National Model Unit of Forestation” for the year 2008.
Management for environmental protection
* Professional management was conducted throughout the whole project process with the owner management as the principle method and the technological means like project environmental supervision, water and soil erosion supervision, environmental monitoring and water and soil conservation monitoring as complement.
* Compilation of two important reports were completed, namely the 2007 Annual Report on the Water and Soil Conservation in the Construction Area of Three Gorges Project and the 2007 Annual Report on the Ecological and Environmental State of the Construction Area of Three Gorges Project. * Compilation of the acceptation investigation report on the environmental protection for the completion of Three Gorges Project was started. * In June 2008, the Work Conclusion and Commending Conference for the Environmental Protection in the Construction Area of Three Gorges Project was convened. Departments and persons who have done excellent job in environmental protection were commended and rewarded. * In March 2008, Plan for the Protection and Utilization of Project Management Area of Three Gorges Project was approved by the municipal government of Yichang city of Hubei Province.
Measures for environmental protection
Measures for water and soil conservation The ecological restoration of the construction slash in the construction area of Three Gorges Project was fully carried out in 2008. After years of effort, the forestation of the construction area of Three Gorges Project has bored remarkable achievement. The green belt coverage completed and under construction added up to 288 hm2, and the total area of 17 parks completed reached 177.35 hm2.
2008 Treatment of production waste water The waste water treatment system for sand and gravel production and concrete batching and production, the foundation pit waste water sedimentation tank as well as the oily waste water treatment system all worked ordinarily and efficiently, which guaranteed the discharge standards. The recycling and reuse rate of the waste water from Xia-anxi Artificial Sand and Gravel
Production Plant reached 40%, and the recycling rate of the stone powder and stone ballast from the 84m concrete batching system of the plant even reached 40~50%.
Domestic sewage treatment In November 2008, the Letianxi Sewage Water Treatment Plant at the left bank entered into construction. Letianxi Sewage Water Treatment Plant is designed with the modified prepositive anaerobic oxidation ditch with a short-term designed treatment capacity of 5000m3/d and long-term capacity of 10000m3/d.
Domestic garbage treatment All of the domestic garbage of the construction encampment and the biotope is collected by professional companies and is buried in the Fengxianggou Landfill at Zhongbao Village. In 2008, 3700t of domestic garbage was collected, transported and treated.
Environmental quality state Overall monitoring was conducted for the water, air and sound environment of the construction area in 2008. The result shows that the water quality at all sections of the mainstream of Yangtze River and the offshore area has been good, reaching or even higher than Grade Ⅱ. The air quality was great. SO2 and NO2 content at all gauges reached GradeⅠof the Ambient Air Quality Standard (B3095-1996). The annual average of the total suspended particles reached Grade Ⅱ of the Ambient Air Quality Standard (B3095-1996). The average value of the ambient noise at the living zones of the construction area during day and night was 56.1dB (A) and 51.0dB (A) respectively, meeting the national standard on noise control.
Taiping stream Ⅲ Letian stream
Category Ⅱ
Ⅰ
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year Water Quality of Taipingxi and Letianxi from 1994 to 2008 (Taipingxi is the monitoring section in front of the dam, and Letianxi is the monitoring section behind the dam) 2008
1.2 ) 3 1.0 Office and Living Area Construction Area 0.8
Density(mg/m 0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year Density of total suspended particles at the construction area of Three Gorges Project from 1994 to 2008
70 Office and Living Area Daytime Office and Living Area Nighttime 60
50
40
30
20 Equivalent Sound Level/dB(A)
10
0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year Ambient noise at the living zones of the construction area of the Three Gorges Project from 1994 to 2008 2008
Water and soil conservation The monitoring result shows that all the engineering measures and vegetation measures for water and soil conservation were timely and effective. The controlling rate of water and soil erosion at the responsibility zones reached Grade Ⅱ with the dregs blocking rate over 98%. The modulus of soil erosion was controlled within the designed scale, which means that the water and soil erosion has been controlled effectively.
2.2 Power generation and environmental protection of the project operation
The annual power generation volume of the Three Gorges-Gezhouba Cascade Project numbered 97,860 GWh, 106% of the annual plan, among which, the power generation of Three Gorges Project stood at 80811GWh and Gezhouba Project at 17050 GWh. Thanks to the optimized reservoir regulation, the power generation of Three Gorges-Gezhouba Cascade Project has been increase by 4870 GWh without using more water, which helped to raise the water energy efficiency by 5.28%.
Environmental protection at the project The environmental protection, pollution treatment and environmental monitoring at the living zones were standardized in accordance with the international standard of environmental protection in order to “Protect our Mother River and to Establish a Green Hydro Project”. A series of measures have been taken to constantly carry out the environmental inspection and repair as well as the maintenance and transformation of oil-leaking facilities. CTGPC has completed the registration and declaration in the first national survey on pollution source. The production and domestic waste water of Three Gorges Project and Gezhouba Project all reached the Grade Ⅰ of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB8978-1996), and the ambient noise in the living zones reached the Grade Ⅱstandard for urban areas. The environmental control targets/indexes set at the beginning of 2008 were successfully achieved.
) 1000 50 ) Power Generation Volume TWh TWh Water-saving generation ( 800 40 ( Water-Saving Generation Increase increase 600 30 Increase
From July 10th, 2003 when the first 400 20 power unit of Three Gorges Project Water-Saving Generation Water-Saving Power Generation 200 10 was put into operation, to the end of 2008, the accumulated power 0 0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 Year
generation of Three Gorges Project reached 288,514 GWh, with a water-saving generation increase of 12344 GWh. The accumulated power generation of Gezhouba Project numbered 95344 GWh with a water-saving generation increase of 6873 GWh.
Ecological water compensation and use of the project in flood control At the beginning of November 2008, a trial impoundment was completed for the first time. The highest water level in front of the dam reached 172.8m a.s.l. When the reservoir inflow is less than 5,000m3/s, water supplementation will be started to ensure the navigation, power generation and industrial and agricultural production as well as demand for domestic activities in the downstream area. Form November 2006 when Three Gorges Project entered into early operation, the project has supplemented water to the downstream channel for totally 165 days with the supplemented water volume added up to 6.187 billion m3. For example, the total volume of supplemented water volume numbered 2.376 billion m3, and the total water supplementation during the dry season of 2008 numbered 2.376 billion m3 lasting for 58 days. From 2004 to the end of 2008, the Three Gorges Project had successfully controlled and detained 5 flood peaks over 35,000m3/s. For instance, in order to regulate the flood with 52,500m3/s peak flow during late July of 2008, the Three Gorges Project adopted the flood detention and peak staggering measures according to the order of the Yangtze River Flood Control Headquarters. The discharge volume was controlled at 48,000 m3/s, and the total flood storage numbered 1.334 billion m3, playing a significant role in alleviating the flood pressure upon the middle reach of Yangtze River. After the trial impoundment during early November 2008, the reservoir water level reached 172.8m a.s.l., and the Three Gorges Project was ready to perform the normal flood control function with the flood control standard of Jingjiang river section being improved from 10 year event to 100 year event.
Floating debris cleaning The floating debris which has been cleaned on the mainstream within the reservoir area and in front of the dam totaled 250,000 m3, among which the floating debris cleaned during the trial impounding period added up to 220,000 m3. The maximum daily input of boats numbered
2008 over 320, among which the machinery boats accounted for 25. The cleaning boats mobilized throughout the whole year totaled 25,000, and manpower input numbered 110,000 person-times. Throughout the whole year, especially during the main flood period and the post flood trial impoundment period, there was no large area gathering of floating debris or serious navigation obstacles. The navigation, power generation and reservoir water environment were not affected by the floating debris.
Sediment observation In the year 2008, CTGPC continued 3 the prototype investigation for Incoming Outgoing hydrology and sediment. During the 2 trial impoundment period, CTGPC 1 observed and studied the influence (million tons) Sediment Runoff Sediment Runoff of trial impoundment upon flow and 0 sediment characteristics. The observation 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 shows that there was little influence of Year sedimentation upon Chongqing harbor. There was not too much variation of runoff at the upstream Yangtze River, and the sediment runoff kept decreasing. The incoming suspended sediment runoff volume of Three Gorges Project (Observed at Cuntan Station and Wulong Station) totaled 217.8 million tons, and the outgoing volume totaled 32.2 million tons. After reservoir impoundment, downstream water level during dry periods decreased for certain degrees due to the flushing of riverbed. Yet, when the river bed protection program was conducted for the downstream area, the navigation required water level during dry season was maintained.
2.3 Trial Impoundment of Three Gorges Project
On September 28, 2008, the Three Gorges Project started a trial impoundment. The highest storage level reached 172.8m a.s.l. in early November. The minimum discharge volume during the impoundment period was 5,900 m3/s, and the minimum daily average ouput was 5,000 MW, which exceeded the preliminary designed standard that is gauranteeing 4,990 MW of output during 175m operation period and water level maintaining at 39m a.s.l. at Miaozui Station downstream of Gezhouba Project (which is equivalent to 5,700 m3/s discharge ). This helped meet the water demand for a safe operation of the power grid, downstream navigation and the industrial, agricultural and ecological use in both upstream and downstream. At the same time, this has ensured all kinds of safety monitoring of the project, the normal conduction of unit performance testing and the stability of reservoir banks. The process of the trial impoundment of Three Gorges Project was basically stable. The project structures and mechanical electric facilities stood up to the test of high water head, and the stability of the reservoir bamks were better than expectation. The sedimentation did not affect the Chongqing Harbor too much, and there was no obvious change of the water quality at the reservoir area. After the impoundment, the earthquakes showed some increase in frequency and with rather small magnitudes. No disastrous threat can be found to the project and reservoir area. 2008
Environmental protection in the hydropower Ⅲ development of Jinsha River
The Jinsha River is the largest hydropower base in China. According to the Brief Report of Comprehensive Utilization Plan of the Yangtze River Basin approved by the State Council in 1990, the downstream section of Jinsha River (from the Yalong River conflux to the Minjiang River conflux) has been developed with four cascades, namely, from downstream to upstream, Xiangjiaba Project, Xiluodu Project, Baihetan Project and Wudongde Project. CTGPC attaches a great importance to the environmental protection during the hydropower development of Jinsha River, putting equal stress on engineering construction and environmental protection. With the target of “protecting during development and developing during protection”, CTGPC has moved forward based on the philosophy of “Every hydro- project should be well built to boost the local economy, improve the ambient environment and benefit the relocated people”. In order to keep pace with the time and echo and meet the demand of establishing an environmentally friendly and resource-saving society, CTGPC brought up the thought of “Four Even More Attentions” (i.e., Even more attention to quality and safety; Even more attention to eco-environmental protection; Even more attention to the benefit of relocated people; and Even more attention to the energy and resources conservation.)
Engineering indexes of the four cascade projects at the downstream of Jinsha River
Total capacity Flood control Capacity Normal storage Total installment Reservoir Project name 3 3 (billion m ) (billion m ) level (m) capacity (GW) characteristics
Xiangjiaba 4.977 0.903 380 6 seasonal regulation
incomplete annual Xiluodu 11.57 6.46 600 12.6 regulation
Baihetan 19.006 10.436 825 13.05 annual regulation Wudongde 5.863 2.615 975 8.7 annual regulation
3.1 Environmental protection management
From the very beginning of the preparation of Jinsha River hydro projects, CTGPC established 2008 the hierarchy management system with the owner as the organizer and the contractors shouldering respective responsibilities. The projects have not only hired professional personnel for environmental protection management and engineering environmental supervision, but also actively accepted the monitoring, inspection and guidance of administrative departments for environmental protection and water and soil conservation at all levels in an all-round and complete manner.
10 CTGPC is fully responsible for the environmental protection management of the construction area, including the organizing, implementing, monitoring and management of all segments, such as, implementing plan, bidding invitation design, construction organization, environmental monitoring and supervision, completion acceptance, and surveillance and administration. The Environmental Protection Management Center was established within the construction management agency of both Xiluodu and Xiangjiangba Projects, being in charge of all the work related to the environmental protection in construction areas. * All the rules and regulation of environmental protection and water and soil conservation were compiled, revised and implemented. * An environmental protection patrol was provided in construction areas to urge the rectification of measures that did not meet the environemtal protection requirement. * Completion acceptance for environmental protection and water and soil conservation were conducted according to the contract. * The environmental protection and water and soil conservation were evaluated. * Monthly meetings on environmental protection were convened, and workshops were held to solve relevant problems. * Public campaign and training were carried out to raise the environmental awareness of the people involved in the construction. * A hierarchical environmental protection reporting system was insisted on for Jinsha River Projects. * Environmental Impact Assessment has been conducted for Baihetan Project and Wudongde Project in line with the relevant laws and regulations, and the plans of water and soil conservation was compiled. * The general design for environmental protection was carried out. Two reports compiled, namely Report on the General Design of Environmental Protection of Xiluodu Hydro Project on Jinsha River, and the General Design of Environmental Protection of Xiangjiaba Hydro Project on Jinsha River, were examined in December 2008. 2008
11 3.2 Environmental protection measures in the Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba Projects
Water-taking from different levels in the Xiluodu Project In 2008, CTGPC conducted a research program on taking water from different levels of the reservoir in Xiluodu Hydro Project. Now it is engaged in the construction design.
Treatment of production waste water The aggregate processing system and the concrete batching system of both Xiluodu Project and Xiangjiaba Project are equipped with waste water treatment facilities. The waste water reuse rate of the aggregate processing system of Xiluodu Project is over 90%. The waste water from aggregate washing at Mayanpo plant of Xiangjiaba Project was first collected in the waste water tank and then directly pumped The waste water treatment system into the tailing dam for water clarification for the aggregate processing system and reuse. In 2008, 1.0383 million m3 of of Daxichang-Majiaheba and clarified water was reused, boasting zero Tangfangping were put into trial discharge of waste water. operation in July 2008 with the designed processing ability being 660m3/h and 400m3/h respectively. They all adopted the techniques of radial flow sedimentation and mechanical pressure filter dehydration. Waste water after treatment reached the national emission standard and was all recycled, almost achieving zero discharge. 2008
12 Xiangjiaba Project adopted a waste water purification method by using DH high-efficient swirl flow together with a vacant belt-style filter processing system. By using this system, waste water from batching system at 380m and 310m elevation was collected and treated. A set of DH high-efficient swirl flow purification Domestic sewage treatment sytem and the subsequent sludge dehydration facility were installed Waste water treatment plants were at the construction site of Tianba established in the living zones of District. An experiment and 10 days Xiluodu Project and Xiangjiaba Project of trial operation were done for this to collectively deal with the domectic sytem during which the operation was sewage. The dispersed sewage from several basically normal. temporary living camps are treated by three- level septic tanks. Environmentally friendly mobile toilets are set at the concentrated areas of construction personnel.
Treatment of household garbage Special environmental hygiene teams are assigned to collect and remove household garbage on a daily basis. Household garbage produced at the Xiluodu construction area will be collected and transported to Xiluodugou refuse landfill and buried. In 2008, about 8,823 m3 of household garbage was buried there, and the accumulated figure is 23,920.2 m3. Xiangjiaba construction area has entrusted the Mazigou Refuse Landfill Co., Shuifu County with the treatment of household garbage, and in 2008, all together 6,000 tons of household garbage was treated.
Construction dust falling Construction roads are cleaned and sprinkled to settle dust. In 2008, 1,234 m3 of dust, pebbles and garbage were removed from roads in Xiangjiaba, while 774 m3 of deposit removed from ditches. Five collapsed slopes were treated, with 500 m3 of
stones removed. About 30 km of main roads in the construction area have been kept clean, 2008
13 13,400 58,000 12,600 256,500 575,000 Xiangjiaba 40,100 95,500 749,800 858,000 Xiluodu 1,184,800 ) ) 3 2 ) ) 2 2 ) 2 Xiangjiaba projects, 2008 Project protected slopes (m vegetation planting (m water cutting project (m Achievements of water and soil conservation in Xiluodu and conservation in Xiluodu Achievements of water and soil greened and maintained areas (m retaining construction quantity (m According to the requirements of water and soil conservation projects plan, have been Xiluodusectioned for water and and soil Xiangjiabaconservation. Measures applied to each section include water retaining, slope protection,planting. water cutting and intercepting, and vegetation Xiangjiaba project to reduce the impact of noise Shuifu County. on Yuntianhua living area and downtown conservation Measures for water and soil delay blasting technology, strictly controlled explosive quantity in solo sound and so on. quantity in solo sound and strictly controlled explosive delay blasting technology, In the Xiangjiaba project, warehouses and office areas have been placed between Yuntianhua living area and downtown Shuifu County to form a noise isolation strip. a In 200-meterthe end long of experimental2008, acoustic screen was built in the Tianba construction area of Acoustic environmental protection Acoustic environmental Measures have been taken to protectprojects, including acousticindividual preventionenvironment and protection reinforcement,for Xiluoduoptimization, constructionselection of low-noise construction machines, timed processexplosion, millisecond short- and Xiangjiaba unblocked and dust-free. unblocked Dust falling devices are installed to production equipments that are prone to to reduce dust. are applied to production process while wet methods generating dust,
2008 14 Top soilresources reclaimed andreused In theconstructionareaof Xiluodu project,1oldtreeisprotectedwhile2more aretransplanted. have beendone. trees 12 far so and Hydropower transplanted, be will reservoir Xiangjiaba the of line for shore the under Scheme trees old Station, Transplantation Trees Famous and Old to According Protection ofoldtrees station willberecoveredbynaturalforceafterbeingstabilized. the hydropower Xiluodu of for area the in Except vegetation maintained, and use. greened be will that areas agricultural living for reclaimed been after authority local the to has returned station been hydropower Xiluodu of roads access site the for field disposal slag Dahewan The Slag disposalfieldlevelingandnaturalcuring project hasbeenreclaimedforgreeningand vegetation recoveryintheconstructionarea Slope artificialandnaturalrecoveryfor Large quantityoftopsoilinXiangjiaba Xiluodugou slagdisposalfield A forestinXiangjiabaprojectisbeginningto Leveling andreclamationofXiluodugouslag disposal field take shape
15 2008 12 Month 11 10 Daxichang Xingtian 9 8 4 7 Quarter 6 3 5 Quarter 4 2 Water quality of the Jinsha River mainstream Water 3 Quarter 2
Ⅴ Ⅲ Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅳ
Cross section 500 m upstream from Xintanba Cross section at Jinsha River Bridge Cross section 500 m upstream from the conjunction of Hengjiang River and Jinsha River Category 1
contrast section for water flowing into Xiluodu, while Xingtian is the control section.) contrast section for water flowing into Xiluodu, while Xingtian is the control
Ⅴ Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅲ Ⅳ Category Xintanba is the contrast section for water flowing into Xiangjiaba, while Jinsha River Bridge Xintanba is the contrast section for water flowing into Xiangjiaba, while Daxichang is the is the control section, and Hengjiang is the downstream contrast section. ( quality of control section being consistent with that of contrast sections. quality of control section being consistent Xiluodu project have been up to Grade III of standard for surface water in 2008, with quarterly consistent with that of contrast sections. water quality of control section being quality Water of each section of the mainstream of Jinsha River within the construction area of Xiangjiaba project have been up to Grade III of standard for surface with water, quarterly water Environmental quality in construction area quality in construction Environmental In 2008, water environment, air environment, acoustic environment, water and soil conservation have been monitored. areas of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba projects in the construction quality Water of each section of the mainstream of Jinsha River within the construction area of 3.3 Environmental quality and water and soil conservation in area construction
2008 16 0.25
Yongshan County ) 3 0.20 Reservoir area (mg/m
10 0.15 Huangjiaobao Industrial zone PM
0.10 Project headquarter
0.05 Huajiaowan Living Area
0.00 Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Annual average
Inhalable particulate density in and around the construction area of Xiluodu project
0.30 Left bank of
) the dam 3 0.25 Lianhuachi Living area (mg/m 0.20 10 Yuntianhua PM 0.15 high school Yuntianhua 0.10 Living area Yuntianhua 0.05 production area Tianba 0.00 construction area Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Annual average on the rightbank Inhalable particulate density in and around the construction area of Xiangjiaba project
Carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and inhalable particulate indexes in living areas and environment sensitive spots of the construction area have been up to Grade II of the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996); emission at the monitoring spots of the construction area fulfills the requirements in Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996).
Water and soil conservation The permanent and temporary water and soil prevention and protection measures for Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba projects have been conducted according to the Water and Soil Conservation Scheme Report and its approval remarks. Water loss and soil erosion caused by construction have been well controlled, while water and soil conservation is generally in good condition. 2008
17 Environmental protection for other Ⅳ projects
China Three Gorges Project Corporation has been actively promoting environmental protection for the wind power or pumped storage projects that have been planned or under construction in 2008. The corporation has also conducted preliminary environmental impact assessment at different stages of Xiaonanhai and Tianhuangping projects.
4.1 Environmental protection for wind power development
CTGPC has established Changjiang New Energy Development Ltd. to be responsible for the project management of both the Zhejiang-based Cixi wind plant and Jiangsu-based Xiangshui wind plant. The 49.5 MW Cixi wind plant was completed and commissioned on October 16, 2008, with all of the 33 wind power generators connected to the grid. By the end of December 2008, 43.16 GWh had been generated. The Xiangshui wind plant will have 134 sets of 1,500 kW power generation units, and the total installed capacity is 201 MW. By the end of December 2008, 11 wind generators had been installed. When paving the temporary construction roads for the Cixi wind plant, earthworks mixture technique is used instead multi-layer filling technique, the material needed is less, locally available and easily accessible. By effectively using the excated earth, impact of road filling operation on the environmental capacity is lowered. The diesel generators used at site have been strictly inspected and protected to avoid polluting the surrounding soil and water body from oil leakage. When still at the bidding stage of Xiangshui wind plant, an optimization plan for platform installation was proposed in the bidding document to dramatically decrease the filling quantity. In the process of construction, the layout plan for wind generators and construction roads was also optimized based on the on-site situation to make full use of the existing roads, sea embankments and banks of fish ponds as the road foundation, decreasing the quantity of new 2008 or revamped roads, and the areas of fish and salt ponds that were temporarily or permanently
18 UN CDMexecutiveboard. the at registered successfully was project Plant WindCixi Zhejiang the 2008, 9, December On Nordic Emission and Certified China of of Contract Reduction ofCleanDevelopmentMechanismforthe201MW JiangsuXiangshui Wind Purchase Plant. Protection signed Economic jointly Foreign Corporation Environmental of Finance Ltd, Environment Ministry the Development of Energy Office New Cooperation Changjiang 2008, 15, October On enhanced toprotectthebasesandpreventearthworksfromleakingintoinnerwatersystem. was work rock jettisoned the bases, road of part underwater the building When expropriated. of landuse,whichareyetto beexaminedandapproved. soil pre-approval plan, and resettlement system, water connection power report, on report impact special plan, conservation environmental the for except finished been has project the work of preliminary All finished. report study feasibility its of consultation comprehensive and approved, been has II station storage Tianhuangpingof pumped report study pre-feasibility The and emergency, to general will dropby3.5%,and187,000tonsofstandardcoal willbesaved. in thermoelectricity responding of shaving load supply, Peak grid. power power of of operation safe quality guaranteeing the and grid power of situation operation the improving in role important an play will II Tianhuangpingstation storage pumped and pumpedpowergenerationwillbe3.518 TWh and4.886 TWh respectively. output MW.power 2,100 annual reach The will capacity installed total the and units, reversible mixed-flow MW 350 of sets 6 have will station The grid. power Southeast of centre load the at Tianhuangping the is and station, Province, storage pumped Tianhuangping completed the near Zhejiang is II of station storage pumped County Anji Town, Tianhuangping in Located 4.2 Tianhuangping pumpedstoragestationII Layout planof Tianhuangping pumpedstoragestationII
19 2008 Special reports on ecological and Ⅴ environmental protection
5.1 Ecological and environmental compensation project of the Three Gorges project
In 2008, ecological and environmental compensation project of the Three Gorges project mainly includes ecological and environmental monitoring system, development and management of nature protection project, fish multiplication and releasing, scientific research and so on.
Ecological and environmental monitoring system for the Three Gorges project A performance assessment is conducted for the monitoring system, while adjustment and improvement plan proposed, new monitoring tasks added and related work deployed. New added monitoring tasks mainly include local climate (newly added 3D weather) monitoring and water quality monitoring for main tributaries. Editing of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Bulletin for Three Gorges Project 2008 (both in Chinese and English) will be continued and released when finished.
Terrestrial ecological protection Projects to protect 3 species (western Jiangxi buckthorn, Yichang boxtree, and Fengdu plantago) and the primitive landscape of the Mount Wushan Three Little Gorges scenic site at Mount Wushan are launched. 2008
20 of Chinese sturgeions and mullets year,by year increased had released mullets latter.the particular 10,000 about 2006, through 2005 From and sturgeions Chinese of number the 2008, through 2005 From various speciese. of fish 418,600 million 299.0884 and mullets, dabryanuses, 2,000 Acipenser sturgeons, Chinese released 129,300 the Agriculture and of Council Ministry State of Office Executive Committee Construction Project Gorges Three the 2008, In Fish multiplicationandreleasing launched. upper in species Yangtzefish rare for reserve natural of project construction been The has River Shanghai isinnormalprogress. Yangtzein of River estuary the at project reserve natural sturgeon Chinese of construction The operation andmaintenance. normal under is Province Hubei city,Yichang in project reserve natural sturgeon Chinese The Aquatic ecologicalprotectionprojects western Jiangxibuckthorn Fengdu plantago
Amount 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 0 Chinese sturgeon Yichang boxtree 2007 2005 dabryanuse acipenser 2008 2006 mullet
21 2008 Acipenser dabryanuses had been released; while the year 2007 and 2008 had seen a decrease of the released number (to 2,000), the size of individual fish had been increased to 57-83 cm.
5.2 Protection project of natural reserve for rare fish species in upper Yangtze River
This natural reserve covers Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunan provinces, and Chongqing Municipality, and the total area of the river reaches 33,174.2 hm2. Paddlefish, acipenser dabryanuse, mullet, giant salamander, otter and other state first- and second-grade protected wild animals, 66 types of fish speciese only seen in China, as well as their habitats, will be protected there.
Infrastructure construction and management of the natural reserve Infrastructure construction Purchase, revamping and decoration of office building for administrative bureaus, departments and centers of the natural reserve have been finished, and already put into use. Bidding has been started for purchasing law enforcement vehicles, speed boats, computers, devices and equipment, while vehicles, boats and most of the facilities have been put into use. There are 14 landmark towers, 216 boundary stones, and 1,963 boundary posts in the natural reserve.
Organization and institution development The institutional structure of administrative bureaus, departments and centers has been established in the natural reserve, with personnel all on duty. The administrative system and regulations of the natural reserve have basically been established.
Artificial propagation and releasing
Jinsha River Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba hydropower projects rare fish multiplication and releasing station
2008 The Jinsha River Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba hydropower projects rare fish multiplication and releasing station is located on the platform region that is on the left bank of Xibin Xiangjiaba construction area at the elevation of 360 m. The station is reponsible for artificial propagation and releasing of rare and distinctive fish species in Jinsha River and Minjiang River, while at the same time takes charge of releasing paddlefish, acipenser dabryanus, mullet, and other distinctive fish species in the main course of upstream Yangtze River.
22 The releasing station was basically completed in May 2008, and entirely finished and put into testing in the end of July 2008. Main facilities include outdoor impounding ponds, breeding rooms, rare and distinctive fish museum, fish fry ponds, breeding ponds, bait breeding ponds, water supply and drainage, water treatment, air feed and so on, among which, the breeding rooms occupy an building area of 691.1 m2 with parturition hastening ponds, hatching ponds and fish fry breeding ponds, while the outdoor fish fry ponds being 3112.4 m2, outdoor breeding ponds being 2852.8 m2, and rare and distinctive fish domesticating ponds being 401 m2.
Multiplication and releasing On December 7, 2008, the first “Jinsha River Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba hydropower stations rare and distinctive fish releasing” was successfully conducted to release 20,000 rare and distinctive fishes of 5 species (acipenser dabryanus, mullet, procypris rabaudi, leptobotia elongata, and megalobrama pellegrini).
Chishui River multiplication and releasing station The Chishui River multiplication and releasing station is still under construction. About 32 mu of land has been expropriated for management-use houses and fish breeding ponds; 1,786.9 m2 of offices and auxilliary houses will be constructed or purchased; 8,774.7 m2 of fish breeding ponds and 360 m3 of impounding ponds will be constructed.
Scientific research on fish protection CTGPC has conducted a serial of protective measures and related scientific research program to protect rare and distinctive fish species in upper Yangtze River. The projects finished in 2008 include: General planning of development objectives for multiplication and releasing rare and distinctive fish species; research on taming and raising technique of coreius guichenoti; Research on large-scale breeding technique of coreius guichenoti and other distinctive fish species in upper Yangtze River; Research on large-scale breeding technique of Leptobotia elongate and taming technique of coreius guichenoti; Experimental fishing of paddlefish in upper Yangtze River 2008
23 Achievements of projects Experimental fishing of paddlefish: paddlefish habitat probing and experimental fishing were conducted on the Xinshi-Yibin section of Jinsha River and the Yibin- Jiangjin section of upper Yangtze River, in a total length of over 600 km for 56 days. Individual paddlefish was not found during the operation, though an acipenser dabryanus was caught by mistake by a fisherman in the Yibin section, and was rescued right after. Coreius guichenoti: experimental research was conducted on individual collection, temporary raising, transportation, domestication, and breeding of coreius guichenoti; boat and netted box were built for the fish, and large-scale domestication in pond was studied. Leptobotia elongate: collection and transportation from the wild, domestication, artificial propagation, and fish fry breeding were conducted. Based on the early working experience, a brochure was complied on artificial propagation and large-scale fish fry breeding technology of leptobotia elongate. Ancherythroculter nigrocauda and megalobrama pellegrini: parent fish taming, artificial propagation, large-scale fish fry breeding, and tests of different feeding stuffs and acute toxicity of common fishery drugs were conducted and the large-scale breeding technology of fish fry of both fishes was summarized. Procypris rabaudi: parent fish breeding, artificial propagation and fish fry breeding experiment were conducted and the technology and method of procypris rabaudi artificial propagation was summarized.
Fishery resources, ecological and environmental monitoring To monitor fishery resources of rare and distinctive fish species in upstream Yangtze River, and the ecology and environment of the natural reserves, is to investigate the resources of rare, distinctive, and important cash fish in the natural reserves and their neighboring water areas; to monitor fish spawning fields, fish fry production, and fishery ecological environment; to
2008 complie relevant brochures and reports, and set up monitoring database. During 2008, two on-site investigations had been conducted, while at the same time an investigation was also conducted on aquatic organisms and natural resources. According to monitoring in 2008, the size and age of distinctive fish is becoming smaller. Important cash fish include coreius guichenoti, coreius heterodon, and pelteobagrus fulvidraco and other 30 types. The spawning fields of the four major Chinese carps and coreius heterodon
24 concentrate on the Hejiang-Yibin section of Yangtez River, and the Fuxing Town section of Chishui River. Water quality in these areas is general in good condition for fish to grow and reproduce.
Monitoring items and scopes
monitoring item working reach elements Occurrence frequency, quantity and biological features Rare and distinctive fish Panzhihua- of rare and distinctive fish Qiaojia Important cash fish Species, structure and quantity of catches Yongshan-Shuifu Fishery environment Water quality, pollutants, and biogenic elements Aquantic organism resources Yibin-Luzhou Types and quantity of planktons Toxicity test of aquatic Jiangjin-Banan Residual quantity of heavy mentals in fish body, organisms in polluted areas; quantity of dead fish from pollution, and toxicity test of accidents of dead fish from Chishui-Renhuai polluted areas pollution
Reproductive ecology, spawning field and quantity Fish spawning field and the Cross section at of original resources of coreius guichenoti, 4 major breeding ecology Yinbin or Jiangjin Chinese carps (herring, grass carp, chub, bighead) and other fish Database system
5.3 Other special programs
Protection of Chinese sturgeon In December 2008, the Gezhouba Chinese Sturgeon Research Center was officially taken over by CTGPC.
Construction of breeding base In 2008, China Three Gorges Project Corporation completed the construction task of Chinese Sturgeon First Filial Generation Total Artificial Reproduction and Breeding Base in the reservoir area of the Three Gorges dam. The base covers an area of about 10,000 m2, and its building space reaches 2,800 m2; its major buildings include temperature controlled breeding room, outdoor round deposition and impounding ponds, and outdoor breeding ponds.
Research on total artificial reproduction of Chinese sturgeon first filial generation Anesthesia test will be continued and applied to the transportation and sex gland ultrasound testing of first filial generation of Chinese sturgeon. Sex gland authentication of Chinese sturgeon first filial generation has been finished, and the genders and sex gland development 2008
25 of the fish has been known. Research plan on Chinese sturgeon first filial generation has been finished by integrated controlling of water temperature, nutrition mixture and breeding environment, and artificial extra hormone seduction of the sex gland. Research has been started on the impacts of physical and chemical environments of the water body on Chinese sturgeon. Research has been planned to study the possible affecting means and extent of water temperature, endocrine disturbance and the physical and chemical environment of the water body on the species of Chinese sturgeon.
Research on ecological environment
Pre-study on ecological regulation plan for the Three Gorges Project to meet the natural reproductive needs of the four major Chinese carps Preliminary resources investigation has been conducted on the four major Chinese carps in Yangtze River, the hydraulic mechanism of natural reproduction of these fishes, hydrologic and hydraulic features of the spawning field section during the reproduction period of these fishes. Preliminary analysis has been made on the necessity and feasibility of regulating and protecting the natural reproduction of these fishes by artificial flooding.
Research on the fish passage capacity of low head hydro projects By engineering analogic analysis, long-series data analysis of fish resources in downstream of Gezhouba dam, analysis on passage of living fish through hydro turbine untis and other research methods, a conclusion has been reached that survival percentage is relatively high for fish to pass low head run-off power station. According to early resources monitoring and analysis, rives sections before and after Gezhouba dam can fulfill the hydraulic requirements for fish with pelagic eggs to naturally reproduce; fish fry naturally born in upstream reach can safely pass the dam. According to the observation of gathering condition of fish around ship locks and their behavior in and out of the lock chambers, it is possible for fish to pass ship locks. 2008
26 Projects finished in 2008 * Investigation on the eutrophication situation of tributaries and bays of the reservoir at different impounding water levels of the Three Gorges reservoir. * Investigation on severe pollution source in the reservoir area of the Three Gorges Project. * Experimental research on the algae-removing effects of mechanical agitation in the Three Gorges area. * Pre-study on the ecological regulation plan for the Three Gorges Project to meet the natural reproduction need of the four major Chinese carps. * Research on the fish passage capacity of low head hydro projects.
Projects implemented in 2008 * Causal analysis of algae bloom in the Three Gorges reservoir and controlling measures study. * Research on the regulation plan for the Three Gorges reservoir against algae bloom. * Research on monitoring the temporal and spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in Xiangxi River after the water level of the Three Gorges reservoir reaches 175 m. * Experimental research on controling algae bloom in the Three Gorges reservoir by biological manipulative technology. * Experimental research on emergency biological algae-resistance technology. * Research on emergency preplan against water pollution for the Three Gorges reservoir. * Research on the near-seservoir water environmental features and regulation measures in the process of impounding from 156 m to 175 m of the Three Gorges reservoir. * Research on regulation technology that meets ecological and environmental goals for the Three Gorges reservoir. * Research on investigation and management of aquatic resources in the Three Gorges reservoir. * Research on dissolved gas over-saturation of discharged water from the Three Gorges reservoir and its damages to fish and relating counter-measures for protection. * Research on fish passage through dams technology and engineering experiments – evaluation of fish passage capacity and effect of Gezhouba ship lock. 2008
27 Ⅵ Conclusion
It is inevitable for China’s economically and socially sustainable development to consider production, prosperity and ecology at the same time. In the long years ahead, hydropower resources development will remain an important and basic industry for China’s national economy. Hydropower is regonized as renewable and clean energy, and is the important development project to reach the emission reduction goal set in China's National Climate Change Program. To speed up hydropower development is an important measure to evolve China’s energy structure into the clean and low-carbon future. As a large state-owned energy development corporation, China Three Gorges Project Corporation realizes the historic mission and social responsibility on shoulders to guarantee China’s energy safety and protect ecology and environment during hydropower development. During the practice of “constructing the Three Gorges project and developing the Yangtze River”, the corporation sticks to the concept of scientific outlook on development, and carries out the hydropower development approach of “Every hydro-project should be well built to boost the local economy, improve the ambient environment and benefit the relocated people”. In the process of hydropower development, the corporation emphasizes quality and safety, ecological and environmental protection, interests of the resettled people, energy and resources saving; the corporation also works hard to well treat with the relationships between construction and resettlement, environmental protection and local economic development, and to balance the economic, social and ecological benefits. China Three Gorges Project Corporation is enthusiastic to work with other organizations, companies and individuals for a harmonious development between nature and human beings. 2008
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