NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018 expiration date 03/31/2022

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form

This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions.

1. Name of Property Historic name: __Wayland Downtown Historic District ______Other names/site number: ______Name of related multiple property listing: ______(Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing ______2. Location Street & number: Generally Main Street between Maple and Pine streets and Superior Street between Church and Forest streets______City or town: _Waylon_____ State: _Michigan___ County: _Allegan____ Not For Publication: Vicinity: ______3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: ___ national ___ statewide _X_ local Applicable National Register Criteria: _X_A ___B _X_C ___D

Signature of certifying official/Title: Date ______State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government

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United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB Control No. 1024-0018

Wayland Downtown Historic District Allegan County, MI Name of Property County and State In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria.

Signature of commenting official: Date

Title : State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government

______4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain:) ______

______Signature of the Keeper Date of Action ______5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply.) Private: x

Public – Local x

Public – State

Public – Federal

Sections 1-6 page 2

Category of Property (Check only one box.)

Building(s)

District x

Site

Structure

Object

Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count) Contributing Noncontributing ____29______6______buildings

_____0______0______sites

_____0______0______structures

_____0______0______objects

____29______6______Total

Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register __0______6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) COMMERCE business COMMERCE financial COMMERCE specialty DOMESTIC hotel EDUCATION library GOVERNMENT post office

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GOVERNMENT city hall SOCIAL meeting hall

Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) COMMERCE business COMMERCE specialty COMMERCE office COMMERCE restaurant EDUCATION library GOVERNMENT city hall ______7. Description

Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions.) __Late Victorian (Richardsonian Romanesque)______Late 19th Century and Early 20th Century American Movements: Commercial Style ______

Materials: (enter categories from instructions.) Principal exterior materials of the property: __Brick; Stone (Granite); Synthetics (Vinyl); Concrete (Block, Poured); Metal (Aluminum, Steel); Stone; Concrete (Block, Poured); Asphalt; Metal______

Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current physical appearance and condition of the property. Describe contributing and noncontributing resources if applicable. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, type, style, method of construction, setting, size, and significant features. Indicate whether the property has historic integrity.) ______Summary Paragraph The City of Wayland is located in the southwest portion of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula, approximately fifteen miles south of Grand Rapids, twenty-five miles north of Kalamazoo, and thirty miles east of Lake Michigan. United States Route 131 (US-131) forms the western boundary of the current city limits. The Wayland Downtown Historic District comprises Wayland’s historic central business district, and is located in the east-central portion of the current city. The downtown served as the central business district for the City of Wayland and

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the surrounding area beginning around 1854, which predates the period of significance, through about 1960, as business gravitated to the US-131 corridor west of the city. The district extends outward from the intersection of Main Street and Superior Street: northward along North Main nearly to Maple Street, southward along South Main to Pine Street, eastward along East Superior to Forrest Street, and westward along West Superior nearly to Church Street. Its north-south axis is approximately seven-hundred feet and the east-west axis about eight-hundred feet, encompassing an area of c. five acres. This is the city’s traditional downtown, much of it occupied by one- and two-story commercial blocks standing in rows along the sidewalk line, but also including the Richardsonian Romanesque Henika Library. The downtown’s character is framed by its typically brick buildings, but there is also some variety of styles, materials, and architectural details. These buildings present today represent the commercial and social heart of Wayland from the early 1880s through 1960. The thirty-five buildings in the district include twenty-nine buildings that Contribute to the historic district, and six that do not contribute to the historical significance and associations of the historic district because of insensitive renovations. Thus, over eighty percent of the inventoried buildings are historic properties. To the north of the district are several insensitively renovated commercial buildings, a recent-vintage gas station, and expanses of asphalt parking lots. To the east of the district are residential blocks, to the south more residential blocks, and to the west is modern commercial development as well as churches and schools. ______Narrative Description

Setting and Physical Characteristics

The Wayland Downtown Historic District is located in the central portion of the city, which has grown outward from this core area. The “four corners” created by the intersection of Main and Superior streets is the historic center of the business district. Commercial buildings line the South Main and West Superior streets most densely to the west and south of this intersection, but are less consistent to the east and north, with gaps in the streetscape along the east side of North Main and north side of East Superior. East Superior Street has the least densely-developed streetscape, while West Superior Street has several historic rehabilitation projects in progress and is bounded by the Wayland Fire and Police Department to the west. North Main Street is less consistently occupied by commercial buildings, but South Main Street boasts the highest volume of original structures still remaining and includes to the southeast the Henika District Library and its unique, fieldstone, Romanesque style of architecture. In recent times the commercial district has gravitated to the west, primarily in strip development and fast food franchises in the blocks approaching the east side interchange with US-131.

Downtown Wayland has been markedly shaped by a series of fires that occurred in the late 1800s and early 1900s. These fires impacted the development of the city, which is evident in the number of one-story buildings along both Superior and Main Streets, and in the absence of buildings along the south side of West Superior Street.

The first large fire in 1881 destroyed a row of buildings on the west side of North Main Street but these buildings were quickly replaced. In 1883 a fire destroyed seven buildings on the north side of West Superior. Many of the businesses and professional people re-opened in other

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locations. In 1891 the Wayland House hotel on Main Street was the destroyed by fire and was never rebuilt. In 1902 another fire destroyed key business buildings on Main Street up to Superior Street, including the Occidental Hotel, then the New Wayland House, and site of the current Wayland Hotel. West Superior Street adjacent to the western edge of the district marked the transition to residential blocks and has experienced replacement of commercial buildings by the modern Wayland Police Department building on the north side of the street. A fire in July 1965 destroyed a number of buildings on the west side of South Main Street, to the south of 129 S. Main.

Within the district, most of the properties are along Main Street, which is aligned north-to-south, and on intersecting West Superior Street in the northwest corner of the district, while several others are located along East Superior. For Main Street, addresses north of Superior Street are addressed as North Main, while addresses to the south of Superior are numbered on South Main. North Main addresses are even-numbered on the east side of the street, and odd-numbered on the west side. South of Superior Street, South Main Street has odd-numbered addresses on the east side of the street, and even-numbered addresses on the west side. For Superior Street, addresses east of Main Street are addressed as East Superior and those west of Main Street as West Superior. For East Superior Street, the odd-numbered addresses are on the north side of the street, and the even-numbered addresses in the south side. For West Superior Street, the even- numbered addresses are on the north side, and odd-numbered on the south side. The single property at the south end of the district on Pine Street, an even number at 114, is on the north side of the street.

INVENTORY

For this nomination, streets in the district are listed in alphabetical order by primary street name and then street directions. Thus, for the first street alphabetically, Main Street, followed by Pine and Superior streets. For Main Street, North Main buildings are presented before those on South Main. For Superior Street, East Superior Buildings are presented before West Superior. Buildings on these streets are listed in numerical order by block, east side followed by west side on Main, and north side followed by south side on Pine and Superior. When historic addresses differ from the current ones and clarity is required, they are presented in parentheses behind the present address.

The date of construction and occupation history for each building employ a number of sources. For the current project, the Sanborn Fire Insurance Co. maps, which were published between in 1921 and 1930 (Sanborn 1921, 1930) can bracket a building’s construction date or the periods of alteration by noting changes between editions. These are included in the inventory below, because in addition to providing data on the date built, they also document changes in those buildings as well as occupancy, which may be responsible for those changes. There may be some variation between addresses in this source in relation to those in county directories and state gazetteers.

These sources were used not only to provide insights into possible construction dates, with the appearance of a business or an address indicating a building present at that time, but also for the occupation history. The county directory and atlases often include a business directory section

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providing names under subject headings as well as advertisements. Thus, for directories, the type of occupation by address provided by Sanborn editions, such as general store, saloon, etc., was checked against bracketing years in the directories under the corresponding business classifications.

These were supplemented by research into other primary sources such as on-line newspapers and county histories, and vanity biographies published around the turn-of-the-twentieth century. When Sanborn maps are the primary reference for dating, the “Pre-“ prefix before a date indicates the earliest coverage of that block, building and lot in the series, and in some cases the building may have been constructed well before that time. City directories and other references are cross-checked to narrow the bracket date. Lacking other references, an estimated age based on architectural attributes is sometimes added after a “/” (i.e. Pre-1921 / 1910s). Discussion of owners and occupants is provided with the associated address in the Section 8 significance section and historic contexts included in this nomination.

When evaluating a building as Contributing or Non-Contributing, each building must have achieved significance under one of the historic themes discussed in Section 8 of this nomination. Contributing resources must also have been constructed during the Period of Significance also identified in Section 8, and contributing resources must retain historic integrity. Historic integrity was evaluated by comparing the building today with any available vintage photographs from various print and digital sources, such as historical publications, historical photographs, and vintage post cards. Buildings evaluated as Non-Contributing resources were not present during the period of significance, do not retain historic integrity, or do not contribute to the significant themes identified in Section 8.

North Main Street East Side (south of Maple Street)

132 North Main. Building (1900). Contributing. This rectangular-shaped, one-story building has a falsefront-gable with a recent-vintage wood façade fronting on a rock-faced concrete block body. The façade has a stepped, recessed entrance with a simple storefront design. Two large storefront windows are flanked by two angled storefront windows that lead to the entrance. The roof is covered in seamed-metal. This building was combined with the building to the north, 138 North Main by the construction of a passage at the mid-point of its north wall linking the narrow space between the two buildings. Because this link is placed well back from the front of the buildings, the facades of both buildings retain their separate identities. Sanborn maps reveal this modification was completed after 1930.

138 North Main. Lem A. Carner Building (H&R Block). (1919). Contributing. This Quonset Hut-style building is constructed of concrete block and wood, and the road elliptical-arched roof is covered in a seamless, membrane material. At the façade, two large, fixed windows are located at the northeast and southeast corners. A small entrance is located near the center of the façade. The façade has changed somewhat from its original appearance, but the building retains its original mass, scale, form, and design. This building was combined with the building next door to the south at 132 N. Main by the construction of a passage at the mid- point of its south wall linking the narrow space between the two buildings. Because this link is placed well back from the front of the buildings, the facades of both buildings retain their

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separate identities. Sanborn maps reveal this modification was completed after 1930. Though the deed date at the County is 1922, the building was on the 1921 Sanborn, and other records date it to 1919.

North Main Street West Side (south of Maple Street)

135 North Main. Jay L. Smith Building (1898). Contributing.

Undated photograph of 135 North Main Street, looking northwest. The photograph depicts a view of the original south façade and porch that was used to display buggies. Tracks, visible at the rear, were used to guide buggies up to the display balcony. Courtesy of the family of Jay L. Smith and Sons founder.

This two-story, concrete-block building boasts Italianate decoration and architectural form that can be seen from similarly constructed buildings built around the turn of the nineteenth century. This building is constructed of several material types, including rock-faced concrete block, pressed metal, brick masonry, and stone veneer. A character-defining feature of this building is the pressed-metal detailing that is visible across the second-story of the façade. A sunburst pattern of decoration extends above the second-story, double-hung windows and below the frieze board. Three projecting awnings hang above the windows. A pressed metal cornice extends across the primary façade and side facades, which is embellished by alternating scallops and fleur-de-lis motifs, surmounted by festoons. Above the storefront, where the suspended awning hangs at the signboard area, is brick masonry that has a partially surviving sheet metal cornice with repeating spherical motifs that extends across the center section of the façade. A later, one- story, lean-to addition abuts the south façade of the building and has its own entry at the east

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façade of the addition. The addition extends approximately three-quarters of the length of the main building. The rear of the building has a later, one-story, gable-front addition constructed of wood with a single-door entry at the northwest corner of the façade. Also, at the rear, a basic, lean-to addition is attached at the south elevation (of the later addition) and has a garage door that extends across the front.

The storefront has been modified from its original appearance and altered to a more modern design likely installed in the 1950s. A random-patterned, ashlar stone veneer surrounds the aluminum storefront. An entryway is located at the south side of the storefront and a suspended, metal awning projects outward from above the storefront window system. A wood staircase on the north side of the building extends from the street-level to the second story and serves as a second means of egress. An awning made of wood and metal extends above the stairway for protection from in climate weather.

Built for Jay L. Smith, this business was an important supplier and broker to area farmers. The building was known in the community as the “steel” building for some time because of its originally unpainted, galvanized, embossed metal siding – a material that was used on other buildings in the downtown district, but no longer present. The south side of the building had a balcony at the second floor spanning the entire depth of the building that was used to display buggies. Not only did it sell farm implements, buggies and wagons, it brokered hay and straw sales from a barn originally on the back of the property. Smith expanded the business to include coal and lumber sales from a new site next to the railroad tracks, where the company relocated in 1912. W. D. Weaver took over the building and business in 1912, which became the F. D. Travis Company in 1919. The Farmer’s Store, operated by J. F. Steeby, took over the location around 1924 and continued ownership until 1944. The building has been held by the Brooks family since that time, and the successor stores all carried similar merchandise of hardware, seeds, farm implements, and paint.

South Main Street, East Side (South from East Superior Street)

Note: The land on the west side of South Main Street included two double lots on the north that are not identified in any plat, now 104 and 112 South Main. The remaining properties included eight lots, one vacant, and seven separate businesses, identified as the A. E. Sawyer Plat, Lot 2. In their redevelopment after the 1902 fire, the south six lots were all combined into three double lots/storefronts as 128, 142 and 152 South Main, though some historic uses still split the storefronts into two businesses. County deed records erroneously identify most of the buildings as having been built in 1900, two years before the original buildings were destroyed by fire. Actual building dates are confirmed by newspaper stories detailing construction and openings.

103 South Main. Wayland State Bank (United Bank of Michigan; Wayland City Hall) (1917). Contributing. This two-story, brick masonry building has a similar brick hue and coursing pattern to the single- story building adjacent to the south at 105. The façade has been changed from its original appearance with the introduction of a central storefront that links its two-story facade with the single-story facade to the south entrance that is flanked by two, fixed windows with concrete sills. The front entrance has a wood door with sidelights and a narrow bulkhead that

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complements the sidelights. An awning hangs over the entrance that extends across to the building to the south, which reads: “Wayland City Hall.”

At the second-story are two, one-over-one sets of windows with concrete sills. Below the two sets of windows at the signboard area is a large masonry plaque with embossed capital letters that read: “Wayland State Bank.” The brick masonry of the building has several varying course designs which is visible across both the one-story and second-story facades. A banding of bricks complements the façade above the sets of windows. A central, masonry plaque with the embossed numbers “1917” is visible at the center of the second-story just below the cornice. At the cornice is a stepped, banding of bricks just below the parapet. The parapet is capped with clay tiles, and a chimney is visible at the southeast corner of the roof. At the south facade (along the second-story) a painted, advertising sign is still visible across the facade that reads: “Wayland State Bank.”

This corner parcel was first occupied by the Wayland House Hotel, which was destroyed in the 1898 fire. The property and adjoining lots in the 100 block of South Main Street remained vacant after the 1891 fire except for a building at 129 South Main, Lot 7, that was David Stockdale’s office, probably designed by Fred H. Eely who reported a commission from Stockdale in 1901. Besides the Henika Library at 149 South Main, it was the only building on the east side of Main Street. An undated photo that showed all of the west side rebuilt was taken sometime after 1905.

The 1930 Sanborn identifies this building as a bank, and the adjacent building to the south as a store, revealing that these were joined sometime after this date. In 1987 the buildings at 103 and 105 South Main were remodeled. The combined building was given to the city in 1998, and a façade restoration in the 1980s brought it closer to its original appearance as described above. The buildings at 103 and 105 South Main grace the street as a single facade today.

105 South Main. George Ryno Building (City Hall) (1928). Contributing. This one-story building is constructed of brick masonry that is a similar brick hue and coursing pattern to the two-story building adjacent to the north at 103 South Main Street. The façade has been changed from its original appearance with the introduction of a central storefront that links its single-story facade of the two-story facade to the north. The façade also has two, one-over- one, fixed-pane windows with concrete sills. An awning hangs over the entrance that extends across to the building to the north, which reads: “Wayland City Hall.” The 1930 Sanborn identifies this building as a STORE, and the adjacent building to the north as a Bank, revealing that these were joined sometime after this date, The buildings at 105 and 103 South Main grace the street as a single facade today.

111 South Main. Van’s Gas Building (Baugh's Shoes) (1950; 1988). Contributing. This one-story, brick masonry building was built in 1950 and was renovated in 1988. A center, flush entrance is flanked by two, large storefront display windows. A pent-roof that spans the length of the storefront is constructed of wood and covered in asphalt shingles. Brick masonry is stepped near the cornice and the parapet is covered in ceramic tile.

117 South Main. Hanlon Building (Wayland Main Street) (1930; 2016). Contributing.

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This one-story, brick masonry building retains its original, copper and glass storefront and wood door from the time. The central, recessed entrance is flanked by four, fixed storefront windows (two that are flush with the façade and two that are angled within the recessed entry). Three, fixed, transom windows extend above the storefront and are complemented with varying courses of brickwork. A band of brick is stepped at the cornice where the parapet is capped in clay tile. Two small awnings hang above the storefront windows. A brass sign at the southeast corner of the building reads: “Hanlon’s Drug Store Est. 1920,” referring to its founding on West Superior earlier. The facade was restored with design assistance from the Wayland Main Street program in 2016.

121 South Main. Building (1961; 1970). Contributing This is a single-story building with a street level clad in a veneer of light-hued Roman brick. The central portion of the storefront has a band of four, tall, aluminum-framed sliding windows with a masonry sill that rest on three courses of rock-faced concrete block. A wood-framed glass entry door is at the north facade corner. Above the windows and door, the full width of the upper facade is clad in board-and-batten siding from which a pent-roof clad in asphalt shingle extends over the sidewalk. The scale and massing of the building complements the streetscape. This building was remodeled in 1970, at the end of the period of significance for the historic district. The alterations to the storefront represent the continued modernization of storefronts common during the third quarter of the twentieth century. This building is considered to be contributing to the historic district.

125 South Main; Building (Harlequin Hair Salon). (Between 1900 and 1920; 1983). Non- contributing. This single-story building is clad in recent-vintage brick veneer. It has an anodized aluminum- framed glass door centered between two, large, fixed-pane windows. Above these, a full-width pent-roof clad in wood shake shingles extends over the sidewalk.

Historically, the façade extended beyond the roofline and was surmounted by a cornice. What appears to be brick between the top of the display windows and the cornice seems to lack any ornamentation. The current facade likely dates from a renovation in 1983, according to tax records. No evidence of the original facade fabric survives. This building is considered to be a non-contributing resource within the historic district.

129 South Main. Stockdale Building (Acqua in Vino) (1901; 2015). Fred H. Eely, Architect, Grand Rapids. Contributing. This one-story, brick masonry building has a stepped, recessed entrance with a single door flanked by one sidelight with a transom above. The storefront has a triple display window composed of a large central window flanked by narrower ones, all with transom windows. These rest on a paneled brick bulkhead. A cornice extends the length of the façade above the entrance and storefront with a signboard above the cornice. Three, hanging light fixtures complement the signboard. The parapet is flanked by two columns that project above the roofline.

It appears this building was designed by Fred H. Eely, architect for the 1899 Henika Library about one-half block to the south at 149 South Main. The Detroit Free Press reported a commission in 1901 for “David Stockdale, Wayland, Allegan, Michigan, pressed brick store and

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office building” (Detroit Free Press, February 24, 1901). The façade also bears a general resemblance to the Wayland Hotel at 104 South Main, which Eely designed the next year, in 1902.

Stockdale’s building received minimal damage in the 1902 fire that consumed the west side of South Main. Stockdale’s office and the Henika Library remained the only two buildings on the east side of South Main until the Wayland State Bank was built in 1917. The building currently houses Acqua in Vino, the owners of which rehabilitated the store in 2015. The exterior work returned the façade to a more appropriate period appearance. While the west-facing facade is historically appropriate, the renovation included a mural that covers the west half of the south façade. The mural extends beneath vertical siding that overs the east half of the south façade.

Photo-postcard view of the Henika Library, c. 1909. Published by the Will P. Canaan Co., Grand Rapids, Michigan.

149 South Main. Henika Library (1899; 1968; 1969; 1995). Fred H. Eely, Grand Rapids, Architect; S. H. Schleiss, Contractor. Contributing. This two-story, Richardsonian Romanesque building, had a distinctive side- and front-gabled roof. Constructed of a random-patterned fieldstone with an architectural-grade, asphalt-shingled roof, this building boasts a turret with four, one-over-one, double-pane windows on sandstone sills. The façade has an arched, divided, fanlight window with a “Chicago-style” window beneath the arched fanlight. At the gable, are three windows, one is arched, four-over-one and two are small arched windows, all with sandstone sills and lintels. A similar, fieldstone arch with keystone is visible at both the central window and second-story window of the façade. Near the northeast section of the façade is a stairway to the entrance. The entry door and flanking sidelights and transom are set in anodized aluminum frames. Near the northeast corner of the façade, a one-over-one window is adjacent to the entrance. The random-patterned fieldstone has beaded mortar joints and various brick coursing throughout the building. The building was expanded in 1968 by an addition to the east with a full basement, effectively tripling the size of the original building. In 1969, the front porch, originally open, was enclosed as a reading room.

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In 1995 the library was renovated with an objective of retaining its historic character. Exterior renovations included a new roof and windows that retained the size of the original window openings. On the interior, the library was updated to modern standards, with public access computers, and an online card catalog. The basement in the east addition was further enhanced with its conversion to a children’s library.

This appears to be Grand Rapids architect Fred H. Eely’s first independent commission. Previously, Eely worked as a draftsman for other architects and firms. Ely’s background included extensive masonry work, which is reflected in the design and construction of the Henika Library.

South Main Street West Side (South from West Superior Street)

Undated photograph of the west side of South Main Street looking southwest. Visible are the resources at 104, 112, 120, 128, and part of 132 and 142 South Main Street. The portico and façade of the Wayland Hotel, in the foreground at right, are still intact. A narrow, rectangular sign at the curb gives the name of the hotel as the Dixie Inn.

104 South Main. Wayland Hotel (1902). Fred H. Eely, Architect, Grand Rapids. Non- Contributing.

This two-story, brick building occupies the southwest corner of South Main and West Superior streets. The South Main Street façade is the primary façade and point of entry to the building. The building has a sandstone foundation and is rectilinear in plan. The South Main Street façade at ground-level is enclosed with wood-paneled siding and a brick-veneer bulkhead. There are two entrances, one that is recessed and one that is flush with the façade. Four, small, slider windows are located near the entryways. Cast iron columns support the roof. The form of the original porch is evident behind the secondary, enclosed façade. A wood-shingled, pent-roof section extends across the facade above the entrance.

At the second-story of the Main Street facade, five, double-hung, one-over-one replacement windows complete the fenestration. The window pattern includes two, paired windows at each

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bay; however, the center window has a much larger opening which is boarded up with vinyl siding and a single window exists where historically, two windows would be located. (This might also have been the doorway leading to the balcony.) The north and south sets of windows are surmounted by flat arches with a center keystone. the center window boasting a larger lintel. Sandstone sills are located at each window opening and show areas of deterioration. At the cornice a stepped parapet exists with molding and dentils along frieze. The facade’s parapet wall is unembellished.

Fenestration on the north façade, facing West Superior Street is irregular. At present windows appear only on the second story. The ground-level window openings have been filled in with concrete block, but the flat arches and stone sills remain, and the window openings are readily apparent. The second-story windows consist of four, double-hung, one-over-one windows with the same lintel pattern as the façade (above each window). An entry is located near the northwest corner of the building that leads to an interior stairway to the second-floor apartments. A cornice extends across the length of the north facade and boasts dentils and molding along the frieze board. The building retains some of its historic, character-defining features, but despite its role as a commercial anchor in the downtown for decades, and one of its largest surviving buildings, the removal of its character-defining porch and insensitive modifications of other historic elements, results in the assessment that this building is Non-Contributing to the historic district.

Undated photograph of South Main Street, looking south, sometime after the construction of the Ben Franklin store (c. 1950). The open-air portico of the Wayland Hotel had been enclosed in a then-modern glass and metal system.

Historically, the now-enclosed portion was an open-air porch that supported a second-floor balcony. Sometime after 1950, the porch was enclosed with a metal and glass, rectilinear wall system. The form and materials of that system illustrated the modernization trends of the period, and, along with other storefront modernizations and the construction of the adjacent Ben Franklin store, reflected the stylistic vocabulary of Modern Movement and reflected the desire of

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communities and businesses to appear modern in the postwar years. The enclosure was then altered again at an unknown date to its current appearance. The parapet wall at the façade that originally had a keystone that read, “Wayland,” has been reduced in height. Two, large, columns flanked the corners of the parapet. A one-story, concrete-block addition was added later to the rear of the building. In 2017 a fifteen-foot by forty-foot dahlia mural that pays homage to historical importance of the flower to Wayland was painted on the north facade of the addition.

The main floor is still a bar and restaurant with rooms to rent on the second floor.

112 South Main; Ben Franklin’s Building (Between 1945 and 1959). Contributing. This one-story building has a rectangular plan and is constructed of brick masonry; however, it is covered in vertical, metal siding, although some brick is visible near the north facade. At the bulkhead, an ashlar stone veneer highlights the aluminum storefront window system. The recessed, double entry storefronts are indicative of a mid-century design feature with aluminum transoms at the top of the storefront windows. A large, aluminum signboard extends across the upper façade. An aluminum bracket extends above the storefront where an awning was once located. The parapet is capped with a strip of metal flashing across the length of the east (primary) façade. This Enframed Window Wall building is distinctive as one of the more recently-constructed commercial blocks along South Main Street.

This lot remained vacant until the mid-twentieth century when a Ben Franklin store was built in the late 1940s to 1950s. The area reputedly was used to stage the horse and buggy rigs as they arrived or departed from the Wayland Hotel just to the north in earlier times.

120 South Main. D. W. Shattuck Building (Dahlia City Floral and Gifts) (1902). Contributing. This building addressed as 120 South Main Street today combines what was originally two separate storefronts at 120 and 122 South Main and combines the internal floor plan with the building adjacent to the south at 122. The current parcel also combines what were formerly two separate lots. This current concrete block facade of this two-story building lacks a door and consists of three, large, display windows on low, paneled masonry bulkheads. The storefront cornice area has a steel beam punctuated by rosette anchors. The second story has three, double- hung sash replacement windows with a nine-over-nine fenestration pattern, which rest on masonry sills. This building has a banded cornice line near the parapet with a keystone that reads: “D.W. Shattuck” at the center of the cornice. The visible side facade is clad in vinyl siding.

The original building here was destroyed in the 1902 fire. Construction of this building commenced within a month and the building was completed and stores and re-opened by November 29, 1902. The new, concrete block building was noted for its large, plate glass display windows on either side of the center door. By July 1903, the building had been “dressed” with a stucco finish that was painted white in 1904. Exterior stairs were constructed to provide access to the residences on the second floor on the north side of the building in 1905. These stairs are visible in photographs taken before construction of the Ben Franklin Store at 112 South Main.

122 South Main. A. Sessions Building (Dahlia City Floral and Gifts) (1903). Contributing.

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This current building addressed as 122 South Main Street combines what was originally two separate storefronts, and combines the internal floor plan with the building adjacent to the north at 120 South Main. It was once two parcels when the building here at 122 was owned by A. Sessions. This one-story building is constructed of brick masonry, with a recessed, double-entry with transoms (currently only one door is operational and the other door is fixed particle board) at the southeastern section of the façade. The storefront has two, large aluminum-framed display windows with sandstone sills. A boarded-over transom window extends the length of the storefront and entryway. Masonry banding is visible that reflects varying masonry coursework and placement. The parapet is stepped at the center of the façade. The adjacent one-story and two-story facades complement one another and are being renovated to restore the facades to a historic appearance.

A. Sessions had this twenty-four-by-forty-foot building with an embossed metal façade, popular at the time, built shortly after the 1902 fire that torched Main Street. Harding’s Market acquired this building and the adjacent storefront to the north at 120 in the mid twentieth century and combined the storefronts. The entrance in the north store was replaced with a display window. The center door was removed from this building at 122 and double doors were located on the far south of the façade, to serve the combined building.

128 South Main. Lee Deuel Building/Odd Fellows Hall (Open Road Brewery) (1905). Contributing. This two-story, brick masonry building is a double storefront with separate physical addresses (128 and 132 South Main Street). The building at 128 South Main Street, has a flush, aluminum storefront with a central entrance that is flanked by two, large storefront windows. An awning spans the length of the storefront that reads: “Open Road Brewery.” The second-story is separated by a brick pilaster and has two one-over-one windows with a small arched window above the one-over-one windows. The windows have been altered from their original pattern. Both windows have sandstone sills and a ziggurat design as a lintel above each window. At the brick pilaster, a vertical sign hangs that reads: “Brewery.” A sandstone keystone is visible at the center of the second-story which reads: “IOOF 1929.” The second story also has stepped brickwork and a dentiled cornice with a varying, colored quoining pattern at the northeast corner of the building.

The original building on the property, destroyed in the 1902 fire, was built in 1865 by W. H. White. It had a large, open hall on the second floor known at different times as either White’s Hall or the Wayland Opera House, and served as a gathering place for dances and other entertainments. Lee Deuel, an active businessman in the community acquired the property, and after some delay announced in the April 22, 1905, Wayland Globe, that he would erect a large, two-story building with a lodge for the I.O.O.F. on the second floor. The building was to be 29.5-feet-by-60 feet with a full-size basement. The first-floor store later housed Weaver Hardware, then Hooker Hardware, for many years. (A May 14, 1904, Wayland Saturday Globe story reported that the front stone wall of the basement had been built to accommodate new sidewalk construction.)

Adjoining the building on the south, now 132 South Main on the first floor, but connected on the second, was another new building built by John C. Yeakey. At the time of the fire, the property

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was owned by C.H. Brush, but he was in business with Yeakey and Burlington, who also owned the property to the south and had just built the double storefront at 142 South Main. All three buildings, 128, 132, and 142 South Main shared access via the second floor, which still exists.

128 South Main (Rear). Carriage Barn (pre-1900). Contributing.

This two-story barn is located in the alley behind 128 South Main Street, and has a saltbox- gabled roof sheathed in metal panels. It is a wood-framed, end-gabled building clad in vertical wood planks. A prominent cross-gable, clad in wood shakes, is centered on the roof above the south facade. It has a large access door facing east to the alley and another on the rear facade. The alley façade has a large, track-suspended, vertical wood plank sliding door occupying most of the ground level of the two-story section. Centered in the gable above this door is a tall opening sealed with wood panels. A small, fixed-pane window is to the north of the entrance in the one-and-one-half story section. The opposite rear (west) facade nearly duplicates the fenestration of the facade, but the gable is occupied by a small fixed-pane window rather than a large sealed void. Centered below the small window is a painted signboard reading: “Wayland Hardware and Paint.” The south facade has two, fixed, one-over-one windows with a small window (missing its glass) located within the wood shingle clad cross-gable.

Due to its location at a distance from the buildings that front on Main Street, this barn is likely one of the few buildings that survived the 1902 fire, which consumed the entire block of Main Street. Historical photographs appear to depict this building as standing in a similar location after the 1902 fire. The building is also present on the 1921 Sanborn Map as a gabled building composed of a two-story south section and one-story north section. In the 1930 edition, the same building footprint is identified as a Garage, although the south section is described as one-and- one-half stories in height (apparently varying according to the recorder).

132 South Main; John C. Yeakey Building (DeYoung Chiropractic) (1905). Contributing. This two-story, brick masonry building is a double storefront with separate physical addresses (128 and 132 South Main Street). The building at 132 South Main Street has a recessed, aluminum-framed storefront with a central entrance that is flanked by two, large storefront windows (two, flushed storefront and two, angled storefront windows at the recessed entrance). A pent-roof constructed of wood, metal, and asphalt shingles spans the length of the storefront which has a sign that projects above the pent roof and reads: “DeYoung Chiropractic.” The second-story is separated by a brick pilaster and has a one-over-one window that is altered from its original size. One of the windows at the second-story is currently enclosed. Both windows have sandstone sills and flat arches composed of narrow bricks in soldier orientation above each window. The “keystone” is composed of three courses of running bond bricks in soldier orientation that rises several inches above the arch. These flat arches are similar to those found on the Wayland Hotel and the Yeakey & Burlington Building. The second story also has stepped brickwork and a dentiled cornice. A vertical, hanging sign is located just north of the brick pilaster.

This building, built by John C. Yeakey, adjoins the building to the north, 128 South Main. At the time of the fire, the burned building was owned by C.H. Brush, but he was in business with Yeakey and Burlington, who had just built the double storefront at 142 South Main. Yeakey was

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to build a twenty-three-by-sixty-foot building with a full basement, connected to the second floor of his building to the south with a wide staircase for better access to his dance hall above 142, but also connected to the Deuel building at 128. This arrangement still exists.

142 South Main; Yeakey & Burlington Building (Simply Celia's) (1904). Contributing. This two-story, brick masonry building has a large, recessed storefront with a central, cast iron column and storefront cornice that is original to the building. Brick pilasters extend from the corners of the façade to the cornice of the building. At the cornice, two brackets intersect with the cornice and are adorned with rosettes and acanthus leaves. The storefront has a dual entrance that is divided by a fixed window. Two storefront windows frame the recessed entrance with transom windows above that have been enclosed with wood. At the second-story, a window fenestration with four windows (three of which are enclosed) and one that is a one-over-one configuration have sandstone sills. Four, fixed awnings hang above each window with soldier brick coursing as the lintels above each window (and awning).

Built and opened by May 1904, as a two-story, double storefront. A large, cement smoke house was added to the rear of the building in the fall of 1904; however, was removed at an unknown time. The second floor was originally a large hall used primarily for dances and was converted into the Wayland Masonic Lodge in 1929.

152 South Main; Paul Schuh Building (Jayda Gale Distillery). (1902, south side; 1904, north side). Contributing.

This two-story building constructed in 1902, and expanded in 1904, has a large storefront window system with a central, double-door entry. At the ground level, the windows extend the entire length of the storefront with two sets of bulkheads beneath each window unit. A cornice extends above the entire length of the storefront with wood molding dividing each window unit. At the second-story, four one-over-one windows make up the fenestration. A parapet projects from the roofline with a heavy bracket and floral design that repeats across the cornice. At the south facade, the same window pattern exists at the second-story. At the ground level, the commercial storefront windows extend at the southeast corner.

Paul Schuh began his harness business in 1870 in a small building on the south lot of the current parcel. The 1902 fire is presumed to have started in his shop to cover up a burglary. Schuh was the first to re-open on site with a temporary shop. His new building was begun Wednesday, October 15, 1902, and a November 29 newspaper story announced that Schuh’s store would open in a few days and expand their offerings beyond harnesses to include furniture. The new Schuh building was a single storefront, two-stories, frame construction with “steel brick” (embossed metal) over one-inch wood. The stone, “Michigan basement,” a partial basement with a dirt floor, extended up to the display windows in the front; the lot to the north was left undeveloped.

The harness business was soon overshadowed by furniture sales as a September 12, 1903, Globe story reported that the Schuhs would expand their store to a double storefront, building on their vacant lot to the north and created the building that still stands today. The new, north wall of the building was concrete block instead of the frame construction of the original. The building was

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completed and opened in 1904. W. H. Schuh moved his family into the second floor in the fall of 1904. Fay C. Wing took over the business from the Schuhs in 1917, also acting as undertaker and funeral director. He was succeeded by his son, Paul, who passed it on to the Looyengoed family. C. M. Looyengoed took over for his father in 1927.

Pine Street, North Side, West of South Main Street

114 Pine. Building (1947). Contributing. This one-story, rectilinear-shaped building has a simplified, asymmetrical façade with a truncated pyramid-style roofline and was built in 1947. Fenestration on the south (primary) façade is composed of a glass-block window on its western end, a large, fixed window at roughly the center of the building, though slightly offset to the eastern end, and a single, glass and steel door. Beveled glass block sidelights compliment the entryway. A bracket for a hanging sign is present at the center of the façade. The building extends from the south façade to the rear in a barrel-shape with both the south façade and rear parapets projecting above the body of the building. Along the east facade (parallel with the alleyway) are two additional entrances (at the southeast and northeast corners) with four, glass-block windows between and one fixed-window near the southeast entrance. Though the building is covered in vinyl-siding, the original mass, scale, form, and integrity have been retained. Newly constructed as a dry-cleaning shop with a large fur vault in the basement, it also served as a potential bomb shelter during the Cold War.

East Superior Street, North Side (East from Main Street). Non-contributing. The northeast corner of the East Superior Street intersection is occupied by a narrow, fifty-by- 100-foot park, which is partially paved with bricks, and has a winding concrete sidewalk. The Wayland Mini Park contains several benches, a couple flagpoles, refuse receptacle, and small shrubbery and trees and sodded areas. The park was built in memory of Harold and Dora Weaver (Wayland 2020).

105 East Superior. McDuff’s Bar and Grill (1950; 2000s). Non-contributing. This building is sited between a mini-park on the west and an asphalt parking lot on the east. It is a single-story, rectangular-plan building. The lower portion of the facade has a veneer of random ashlar limestone that rises to the level of the bases of two large fixed-pane-windows with grid- grill inserts. The rest of the facade is clad in exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) panels framed in cement board. An entry door is at the west corner. This door and the two windows are shielded by traditional-form awnings with wrap valences. The east facade facing the parking lot also has EIFS siding, but it is simpler, lacking the framing. There is a central entrance and window at the south corner that are beneath awnings identical to those of the facade. Because no original architectural details are visible in this building, it is a non-contributing resource within the historic district.

129 East Superior. House (c. 1900). Contributing. This house is located east of an asphalt parking lot associated with 105 East Superior. It is a rectangular plan, two story, front-gabled, frame house that is clad in vinyl siding. The front portion of the house had a rusticated concrete block foundation, while the rear is plain masonry. The facade has a full-width enclosed porch that has three, tall, brick piers with masonry caps supporting battered posts. The entry is west of center, and bands of double-hung windows extend from it

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across the entire facade. The porch’s hipped roof extends up to the base of the second story’s two double-hung windows. The two-story section of the west side of the house has an entry door at the center, flanked to its right by a double-hung sash window, while the second story has two similar double-hung sash windows. The rear portion of the house has a single-story, hipped-roof with a single double-hung window in the west elevation, and steps down slightly to a shed roof section that extends from the rear elevation.

131 East Superior. Building (Dahlia City Dogs) (c. 1940). Non-Contributing. This building is a small, single-story, front-gabled building that is clad in vinyl siding. The facade in the east corner has a steel entry door with small window, which is flanked to the left by a large, fixe-pane window. An exterior light is suspended from a pole perpendicular to the upper facade, beneath a gable that lacks eaves. Although Allegan County records do not provide a date of construction, real estate websites suggest a 1940 construction date. Because this building has been renovated through alterations unsympathetic to its architectural integrity, it is considered to be Non-Contributing to the historic district.

133 East Superior. Building (ShopVMarie) (1955-front; 1935-rear). Contributing. This is a two-story, concrete block building with a brick-veneer façade. According to county tax records, it was constructed in 1955, and the single-story warehouse section to the rear was built in 1935 and renovated in 1955, apparently when the front section of the building was erected. The building has post-war Mid-Century Modern design elements in its distinctive facade and window treatments. The façade has two sections: one that is angled and leads to a recessed, main entrance, and one that is flush with the streetscape and has a single-door entrance. The angled section of the façade has a metal, paneled wall with three, tinted, fixed-pane windows at both the ground floor and second story. A rectangular sign board hangs between both window fenestrations. At the roofline, a large, metal cornice projects over the façade. This building is the only two-story, recessed entrance building in downtown Wayland.

135 East Superior. Building (House Family Chiropractic) (1955; 2005). Contributing. This building defines the eastern limits of the historic district, and is located west of a large parking lot that extends to Forrest Street. It is a single-story, front-gabled, concrete block building with a brick veneer facade. Vinyl siding clads the gable above the street-level’s gold brick. Two wood-frame doors with large glass panels are at the east corner of the building. To their left is a large, triple, fixed-pane window that is centered in the facade, and to its left is a large, glass-block window that extends nearly to the building corner. Above these, a short pent- roof canopy extends across the facade. The east side wall has a cement skin punctuated by a single window near the rear corner of the main building. A single-story, end-gabled section, clad in vinyl siding, with two sets of stacked small, triple windows, forms the rear of the building. County records record that this building was constructed in 1955.

East Superior Street, South Side (East from Main Street)

124 East Superior. Building (Van Dam & Jesson) (1955). Contributing. This brick, one-story, masonry building has a stepped entrance with wrought-iron railings that lead to a recessed doorway with a wood overhang above the entry. A simple, concrete frieze and cornice caps the entrance where a stepped, brick masonry surround complements the entrance. A

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copper light fixture is located just west of the entrance. At the north façade, two slider windows (one with three side-by-side window sections, and the other with two side-by-side window sections) have concrete sills. Above the windows is a band of soldier-coursed bricks that extend around the perimeter of the building. At the roofline, a concrete band caps the cornice.

West Superior Street, North Side (west from North Main Street)

Note: At various times following the fire of 1883 that consumed seven buildings on the north side of West Superior, there were nine to eleven businesses operating in buildings on the six lots included in the proposed district boundary. Various re-alignments, changes in double and single storefronts, and newer construction, have left seven businesses, two of which are currently vacant. A parcel number was deleted by the County in 1977. Accordingly, some of the historic usages may not be identified in their specific location except for 102 and 130 West Superior, which are unchanged. Most of the buildings destroyed were two stories with residential tenants, doctors and a dentist on the second floors. They were replaced with single-story buildings except for 102 West Superior. 130 West Superior, apparently, did not burn.

There is considerable misinformation regarding construction dates as the County “simplified” their reporting to a single date for all buildings. Most were rebuilt quickly after the fire, with the store at 102-104 West Superior re-opened that same year. Other businesses were reported operating at different dates in the 1880s. Several were as early as 1884, including the newspaper office.

102 West Superior; Heazlit Building; Gurney’s I.G.A (Retro Room) (1883). Non- contributing. This brick building occupies the northwest corner of the North Main Street intersection. At three stories, it is the tallest building in Wayland. A product of a thorough renovation, the first story of the building is clad in brick veneer, while upper floors are clad in gray vinyl siding. The Superior Street face has a slant-sided entrance between display windows, as well as a secondary entrance at the west corner. Above a broad, asphalt shingle-clad, pent-roofed section, the second story has a central, paired, sliding window with round-arch transom, which is flanked on each side by a double-hung sash window with a round-arch transom. The facade terminates in a shallow-pitched gable. A narrow, shed-roof section extends the second story on the west facade. The street level of the east facade on North Main Street has a display window at the facade corner, and the pent-roof extends further to the sidewalk above a single-story section containing large, fixed-pane windows and a steel entry door. North of here, there are two anodized- aluminum-framed glass entry doors. The second story has ten, evenly-spaced, double-hung sash windows with round-arch transoms identical to those on the facade. The third story, facing both Superior and Main streets, lacks any fenestration. The 1921 and 1930 Sanborn maps call this a two-story (twenty-eight-foot) building, and it is possible the upper portion of this building was added later, as the shallow-pitched gable profile certainly was. When first constructed, this first- floor storefront of this building was composed of wood bulkheads and large, two-over-two display windows, and a center entry. The North Main Street façade appears to have been constructed of brick without fenestration. At an unknown time when Gurney’s I.G.A. occupied the building beginning in the 1930s, the south (main) storefront façade was altered to move the entry to the southeast corner of the building, the wood bulkheads and two-over-two windows

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were removed. These materials were replaced with low brick bulkheads and large, single-pane display windows that extend from the entry to the western end of the façade. During Gurney’s ownership, additions were made to the east façade that included an additional display area and enclosed spaces. At an unknown time, the corner entry was enclosed, and the current materials and alterations to the façade were made. Because the historic building materials have been removed or are not visible, this resource is considered to be a non-contributing to the historic district.

William Heazlit built this building to replace one he lost here in the 1883 fire. The new building was identified in both advertisements and newspaper stories as “The Brick Store on the Corner,” suggesting an all brick exterior, not currently visible under newer siding.

106 West Superior; Gleason’s Drug Store Building (1884?; 2020). Contributing. This is a single-story, rectangular plan, concrete block and brick masonry building. The facade has a slant-sided entrance with a wood-framed glass entry door, which is centered between two display windows that rest on frame-paneled bulkheads. A full-width traditional awning is above the fenestration. A plain brick wall occupies the upper facade, which terminates in a simple cornice with small end brackets. The building was “heavily damaged” by a fire in 2016. The facade was reconstructed between 2018 and 2020.

110 West Superior. Charles Ward Barber Shop (1884). Contributing. This one-story, brick masonry building has a large, display window beneath two transom windows. A recessed entrance is located near the east corner of the façade. The main entrance has a single door beneath a transom. A heavy, wood cornice and parapet extends the length of the façade and displays several brackets and dentil details. The building facade is the product of a rehabilitation completed in 2020.

112 West Superior. Turner Building (Benton Tax Accounting) (1884; 2020). Contributing. This is a rectangular-plan, one-story, brick masonry building with two large, storefront windows beneath transom windows. An entrance is located in the center of the façade. The main entrance has a single door with a transom above. A heavy, wood cornice and parapet extends the length of the façade and displays several brackets and dentil details. A fixed awning hangs across the center of the façade above the storefront. This building is now combined with 114, next door to the west, into 112-114, housing the current Benton Tax Accounting business, after having undergone a façade restoration in 2020 using historical photo documentation for the restoration.

114 West Superior. Building (Benton Tax Accounting) (1884; 2020). Contributing. (114 is now addressed as 118 West Superior). Contributing. This is a one-story, rectangular-plan, brick masonry building whose facade has one, large display window that internally divided into four square lights. The entrance to the building is located at the west corner of the façade with a transom window above the doorway. A wood bulkhead extends the length of the storefront window. A wood cornice with dentil details and molded parapet extends the length of the façade. A fixed awning hangs across the center of the façade above the storefront. This building is now combined with 112, next door to the east, into 112- 114, housing the current Benton Tax Accounting business, after having undergone a façade restoration in 2020 using historical photo documentation for the restoration.

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120 West Superior. Fitch Hardware Building (Reno Agency) (c. 1888; 2020). Non- Contributing This is a single-story, rectangular plan, concrete block and brick masonry building. The facade has a recessed entrance at the east corner containing a wood-framed glass entry door between sidelights. Adjacent to its left are two display windows that rest on narrow, frame-paneled bulkheads. A full-width traditional awning is above the fenestration. Lap-siding occupies the upper facade, which terminates in a simple cornice punctuated by small, evenly-spaced, brackets. This facade is the product of a restoration completed in 2020, which installed the cornice and horizontal siding and street level fenestration. These alterations replaced a non-historic white brick and board-and-batten sided storefront beneath a tall, asphalt-shingled upper facade. Although this re-created facade blends well with the others on this street, no vestige of the original facade survives. Historically, the upper portion of the façade, including the cornice, was combined with 112 and 114. The easternmost end of the cornice of 112 retains its historical end bracket, but the western end of the cornice now terminates at the west end of 114, which does not (and historically did not) include a decorative bracket. This building is a non-contributing resource within the historic district.

122 West Superior. Gambles Hardware Building (Technology Solutions) (1950). Contributing This is a rectangular-plan, one-story, flat-roofed brick masonry building. The façade has a slant- sided entrance centered between two, large, aluminum-framed display windows. The aluminum- framed glass door is beneath a transom window. Historically, a signboard with the Gambles name extended between at present, a signboard about the width of the entry displays the name of the current business, “Technology Solutions.” This building has minimal decoration, which reflects the era in which it was constructed. Approximately six courses of brick above the display windows, a soldier-course band of bricks extends across the façade. At the cornice, three rows of corbeled brick rest above the large recessed panel, which is otherwise devoid of decoration. This building was apparently constructed to house a Gambles store.

130 West Superior Burlington Market Building (Veteran's Assistance) (c. 1884; c. 1940; 2018). Contributing This two-story brick masonry building was built sometime after the fire of 1883. A traditional, turn-of-the-century commercial block, this building has a central, recessed entrance which is flanked by two, fixed commercial display windows on paneled bulkheads. A large traditional canvas awning spans the length of the storefront. At the second-story, two, elliptical-arched windows with a one-over-one configuration flank a central doorway that leads to a Juliet balcony with a wood balustrade. A pressed-metal cornice and parapet with bracket and dentil details crown the roofline. The current facade is a restoration that removed insensitive renovations and exposed the original building details in 2018.

There are no reports of any business at this location being destroyed in the 1883 fire, so it appears that this building was built afterwards, which seems to be supported by its architectural details. This building was at one time linked internally to a building adjacent to the east at 122, but today these are two separate commercial buildings. Sometime in the late 1930s or 1940s, an

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addition was put on the back of the building as evidenced in a change in the foundation and historical photographs.

Historic Integrity Though many buildings have been altered to varying extents, most in the historic district are considered to be contributing resources – twenty-nine of the thirty-five buildings described and evaluated in this nomination. The predominant alterations have been the removal of upper cornices and the replacement of original storefronts with modernized storefronts composed most of often of modern materials, recessed entrances, and smaller-sized windows. In some cases, storefront cornices and transom panels have been removed or covered. Recently, a number of storefronts have been either rehabilitated or restored to an appearance that reflects the original, turn-of-the-century and early twentieth-century materials. Despite these changes and their impact to the historic integrity of the historic district, the district as a distinctive entity continues to convey its architectural and historic significance.

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______8. Statement of Significance

Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.)

x A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history.

B. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past.

x C. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction.

D. Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.

Criteria Considerations (Mark “x” in all the boxes that apply.)

A. Owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes

B. Removed from its original location

C. A birthplace or grave

D. A cemetery

E. A reconstructed building, object, or structure

F. A commemorative property

G. Less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years

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Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions.) __Commerce______Entertainment/Recreation __Social History___ __Education______

Period of Significance _1880-1970______

Significant Dates _1883______1891______1899______1902______

Significant Person (Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.) ______

Cultural Affiliation ______

Architect/Builder _ Eely, Fred H.______

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Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph (Provide a summary paragraph that includes level of significance, applicable criteria, justification for the period of significance, and any applicable criteria considerations.)

The Wayland Downtown Historic District meets National Register Criteria A and C at the local level of significance. This district is significant under Criterion A, under the theme of Commerce, as the location of the city’s business district since its founding. The district contains buildings constructed as early as the 1880s that collectively have housed much of the city’s commercial activity, including several leading businesses over the years. As well, the historic district is significant under Entertainment/Recreation as the center of leisure activities in the city. The district contains several buildings that offered leisure time activities, such as public halls. Under the theme of Social History, a variety of fraternal and social organizations met in halls in several of the buildings. Under Education, the historic district contains Wayland’s public library that has served residents since 1899. In addition, the district meets National Register Criterion C for its commercial buildings that illustrate professionally-designed and vernacular examples representing late nineteenth and early twentieth-century currents in American architecture. The district includes examples of one- and two-story commercial blocks, early twentieth century Commercial Brick blocks, and mid-twentieth-century construction and renovation. As well, it has an example of high style architecture in the Romanesque Henika Library building. The period of significance extends to 1970. The construction of US Highway 131 in 1959 bypassed the city to the west, drew some business in that direction, and certainly had a significant impact on the commercial activity in downtown Wayland. Yet, the area remained an important center of local commerce despite the highway.

______Narrative Statement of Significance (Provide at least one paragraph for each area of significance.)

Historical Overview

Summary First settled in 1837 and organized as a village in 1868, Wayland’s location half-way between the larger population centers of Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo elevated it into prominence from the mid-nineteenth into the mid-twentieth century. Agricultural production further enhanced its identity, giving the city its “Cowtown” nickname and continuing to be an important economic factor in the region. The “Four Corners,” at the intersection of Superior and Main streets in downtown Wayland, has been the center of the community since its founding. It is also its historic center of commerce, beginning in 1854 and running to into the 1960s, with the buildings present today illustrating this development from the 1880s. The southeast “corner” was the site of the first homestead in the area in 1837. The north-south route through the corners was originally the main road south for lumber and agricultural products from Wayland and the surrounding area to Kalamazoo, Battle Creek, Marshall and Jackson. Later, it became the main route between Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo linking Wayland to those markets. By 1854 this route was improved as the Plank Road, a private toll road. The railroad came through a little west of this road in 1869, followed by an electric interurban line in 1915. Through this latter

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period, as the automobile grew in significance, the road evolved into State Highway 13 (M-13), then United States Highway 131 (US-131). The city continued to evolve economically with dairy production as the core and, later, the site of one of the largest dahlia producers in the country. Main Street was the center of the community throughout this time until traffic grew beyond its physical limitations, and US-131 bypassed the downtown as a four-lane, limited access highway in 1959. The full impact of this routing on the downtown began to take effect within a year, as business began to migrate out of the downtown in 1960 and the former core business district ebbed, resulting in little construction or further development there.

Early Inhabitants The earliest inhabitants of the Wayland area were probably small groups of peoples belonging to the Hopewell Culture from the Woodland Period about three thousand years ago. At contact with Euroamericans, the Pottawatomie resided in the area (and some still do), as well as the Ojibwe (Chippewa) and the Odawa (Ottawa). When the first Euroamerican settlers arrived in the area, while these peoples lived in the vicinity, none occupied the current site of Wayland.

Wayland Settlement American settlement did not happen until after Allegan County was first surveyed and the township lines established in 1826, followed by the section lines in 1831. Allegan County was officially organized in 1835, and the first land purchases began in that same year. The first settler of current Wayland, Nelson Chambers, arrived in 1837. In 1843, Wayland Township was formed from the northern two-thirds of Martin Township, and was officially recognized March 9, 1844. It achieved its current size in 1848 when its northern sections were split off to form Leighton Township in 1848

George Barnes was named the first postmaster in Wayland Township sometime in 1839, for what was then called the “Wayland” office, but was actually located in Lumberton, about three miles to the east. The Wayland post office was recognized with the organization of Wayland Township in 1844, and Barnes also became the first elected supervisor of the Township. Originally located at Barnes’ Mill, the Wayland Post Office was moved to the tollhouse on the Plank Road, then to Chambers’ Corners, in 1855. Norton Briggs served as both postmaster and toll keeper.

Chambers’ Corners / Lomax City / Village Recognition / Growth Between the arrival of Chambers’ family in 1839 and the construction of a plank road to the area in 1852, there is little record of any significant growth in Wayland, proper. The area around Chambers’ property, essentially the southeast block of the current intersection of Main and Superior Streets, became known as “Chambers’ Corners,” and retained that identification until a village plat map was filed in 1861, by Israel Kellogg, which identified the location as Lomax (Lomac) City. Kellogg owned extensive tracts of pine in the immediate vicinity as well as a sawmill and, later, a tannery, about one-half mile north and west of the Corners. Kellogg’s 1861 plat was subject to further additions and sub-divisions by: Norton Briggs, August 15, 1862; by Albert E. Sawyer, May 2, 1866; by Franklin M. Miles, December 31, 1866; and by Israel Kellogg, again, on October 8, 1870.

Allegan County atlases (Ogle 1913: 34) reveal that the Lomax City plat was a square of nine blocks that extended north from West Superior to Elm Street and west from North Main Street to

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Vine Street. Drigg’s Addition was a rectangle of two blocks platted north from East Superior Street to Vine Street and east from East Main Street to Forrest Street. Sawyer’s Addition platted the lots west of South Main from north of Pine southward to Sycamore. The large I. Kellogg’s Addition covered all blocks west of North Main to Railroad Street and north from West Superior to north Elm Street (Titus 1873; Kace 1895; Ogle 1913).

Wayland was also more clearly delineated in this period with boundaries set as the west one-half of Section 5, all of Section 6, the north one-half of the north one-half of Section 7, and the north one-half of the northwest quarter-section of 8. Joseph W. Hicks, county surveyor, on May 13, 1869, “established a point between Sections 5 and 6, 160 rods north of the south line of said sections, as the place from which to predicate and describe the commencement of village streets.”

As families moved into the vicinity, education for their children was always a priority. In 1844, the first school was established in Wayland Township to serve Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19 and 20. Chambers’ original log house was converted for this use. This was replaced by a “little red schoolhouse” in 1850, which also served as a meeting place for many of the early church congregations as they were being formed. A new school was built in 1862, which was soon outgrown and replaced by a brick schoolhouse in 1879, which burned in 1896 and was replaced within the same year. In 1923 a grade school with three rooms was built, then expanded with two additional rooms in 1929. None of these buildings remain, but the current Pine Street Elementary School, just southwest of the historic district, was built on the site of the 1896 school.

Wayland’s growth and economy was linked to other communities. As travel and commerce improved over time Wayland grew in turn. The “Four Corners” intersection of Superior and Main Streets in downtown Wayland was both the physical center of the community and the main intersection on the north-south route between Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo. Travel between those two population centers originally required a two-day trip with Wayland as the overnight stop. Produce, goods, and people traveled the road that grew from Native American trails to stagecoach and oxen cart roads to a private “plank” road in 1854.

Plank roads in Michigan trace their origins to the 1840s, when Michigan Governor Epaphroditus Ransom pushed for cheaper alternatives to railroad construction and supported private plank road construction. Over two hundred charters for private companies were approved by him in 1847, although only eighty-nine were ever completed. The General Plank Road Act, which regulated the such roads and the companies that operated them, was passed by the legislature in 1848. The Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids Plank Road, which eventually connected Wayland to the outside world, was one of these companies. Among its directors were Governor Ransom, who served as the president of the company, and Israel Kellogg, identified as a resident of Kalamazoo, and who held significant land holdings in Wayland on the route of the plank road. Kellogg was later active in platting Wayland.

Stock subscriptions for the Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids Plank Road Company began in 1849 with a committee appointed to contract for the plank, survey the route, and secure rights-of-way. The company was incorporated by the state legislature in 1850, but progress was delayed by

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disagreements in locating the northern portion of the route. After the more direct route through Wayland was selected, construction finally began in 1852, with the road completed in 1854, although toll collection was not fully implemented until 1855. Wayland’s toll booth was originally near the northwest corner of the intersection of Superior and Main Streets. The toll road followed Main Street through Wayland and Plainwell. For Wayland, it was the beginning of population growth and financial relevance. Expected to last for years, the plank road warped and rotted and was already in disrepair by 1860. With the railroads coming, many sections were left to rot while others were “improved” with gravel.

Stagecoach lines that had continued their service utilizing the Plank Road were forced out of business with the arrival in Wayland of the Grand Rapids & Indiana (G R & I) Railroad in 1869. Founded in 1854, the G R & I had begun work in the 1860s from Fort Wayne, Indiana, to Grand Rapids, Michigan, but financial difficulties delayed construction of the line to Wayland until 1870. The line eventually opened up much of northwest Michigan as it expanded to Petoskey in 1874 and the Straits of Mackinac in 1882 as was a significant contributor to tourism in the northern Lower Peninsula.

A 1907 history identifies 1865 to 1870 as Wayland’s “boom times,” as the country recovered from the Civil War and the G R & I railroad pushed into Wayland. The Village of Wayland was officially organized in 1868, with Edward M. Fitch elected president. However, apparently not all Wayland residents supported this development. Nelson Chambers and a number of his neighbors petitioned the state legislature to annul and vacate the village incorporation in 1873 and again in 1874. Both attempts were unsuccessful. It is not clear why Chambers and others sought such an annulment.

The village grew and developed the trappings of a municipality and related infrastructure. A wooden “town pump” was installed in the center of the village around 1869 at the “four corners” (intersection of Main and Superior). Waste water from the pump supplied a cistern to meet the needs of fire fighters, and a water plant was not in operation until 1906. The fire “department,” was formed in 1869 with only a fire warden appointed, and a truck to haul the equipment was not purchased until 1875, while actual firefighters were not brought on until 1876. The village newspaper, the Wayland Saturday Globe (renamed the Wayland Globe in 1906) began publication in 1884.

Newspapers required literate residents. Although the Wayland Township had appropriated twenty-five dollars in 1845 for the purchase of twenty-five books to start a library managed by the Township Clerk, the process was more difficult in the Village of Wayland. Julia Henika bequeathed two-thousand dollars to construct a library following her death on March 29, 1899, and stipulated that it be named the Henika Ladies Library of Wayland. This fine building anchors the southeast corner of the historic district today.

Impact of Fires in Wayland Downtown Wayland has been markedly shaped by a series of fires that occurred in the late 1800s and early 1900s. There were so many that, at one point, a serial arsonist was suspected, and a night watchman appointed. To be sure, these fires, collectively, have had a profound impact of the physical development of the city, which is evident in the number of one-story buildings along

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both Superior and Main Streets, and in the absence of buildings along the south side of West Superior Street.

The first large fire occurred in 1881. That conflagration destroyed a row of buildings on the west side of North Main Street including two blacksmith shops, a carriage works, and the home of William Stockdale, one of the blacksmiths, whose shop was also destroyed. Most of these buildings were quickly replaced.

Shortly after that, a fire in 1883 destroyed many businesses and offices on the north side of West Superior. Seven buildings were lost including Heazlit’s Market, two doctors’ offices, a dentist’s office, and other grocery and dry goods stores, as well as some residences. The fire appeared to have started in the middle of the block, in the office of physician James Ball, and spread both directions. Heazlit’s Market was on the northwest corner of North Main and West Superior with Aurelius Webster’s meat market adjoined to its west. Many of the buildings and much of the store stock was insured, so financial losses were minimized, but one doctor lost all of his surgical instruments and clothing, and most of the tenants also lost their household goods. Many of the businesses and professional people re-opened in other locations.

On August 8, 1891, the Wayland House hotel, and all of the buildings on the east side of South Main Street, were destroyed by fire. Arson was suspected. Nelson Chambers’ losses were calculated at five thousand dollars, with only one thousand dollars covered by insurance. Chambers promised to rebuild with a new brick building that included a hotel, stores, and barns, but another news story reported that he leased the Occidental Hotel from the Seavers. Deed records show that Chambers purchased the Occidental by October 1891, and never rebuilt on the Wayland House site.

In July 1902, the “great fire of 1902” started in Schuh’s Harness Shop, apparently by a burglar to cover a robbery. With limited fire apparatus and no water supply to contain the blaze, the fire jumped a vacant lot on the north side of the building to the Grange Building and proceeded to destroy the rest of the block up to Superior Street, including the Occidental Hotel, then the New Wayland House, and site of the current Wayland Hotel.

Schuh was among the first to re-open on site, having erected a temporary building the next morning. The fire was called in at 12:45 AM with a response by 1:00 AM. “. . . flames were beyond control when discovered, the entire building being in flames in the interior and in five minutes had broken out through the sides and roof,” according to the Wayland Saturday Globe on July 26. Residents helped to save stock from the buildings, and, originally, “every building had been nearly emptied of its contents,” as reported in the same story. However, rain began to fall during the fire causing damage to the goods that had been removed. Many things were then moved again into barns and other buildings.

A fire on July 14, 1965, destroyed or “burned out” a row of buildings on the east side of North Main Street. Among the buildings lost were Herb Auto Sales (along with ten new and a number of used cars), Dewey’s Appliance Store, Auntie Ruth’s Restaurant, and Mutchler’s Electrical Repair Shop. The Wayland fire department required assistance from four nearby departments to contain the fire.

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Other, smaller fires have also contributed to the present configuration of downtown Wayland. Among those was a fire in 2016 that damaged the building at 106 West Superior. The damage to the building resulted in the construction of a façade that approximates the historical appearance of the building, rather than the slant-sided wood, glass, and aluminum façade that had been installed previously.

Wayland in the Twentieth Century Despite these incendiary setbacks, the village entered the twentieth century with high prospects and an eye to the future. In 1904 the Wayland Globe reported “the first automobile of the season” passing through Wayland. The article said that “all teams seemed to give it the right-of-way. Country horses are quite shy of the flying machine.” A year later, the village had purchased a new snowplow, although there were still only two automobiles reported in the Wayland area by 1911. Over subsequent years, State Route Michigan 13 (M-13) was constructed along the old Plank Road route in 1920, on the way to becoming part of the United States highway system in 1927 and designated as US-131.

Perhaps resisting the tide of the automobile’s growth, W. A. Foote, founder of Consumer’s Power Company, decided that electric railways were the best way “to get anyplace fast.” He promoted the Michigan Railway Company, an interurban line running from Kalamazoo to Grand Rapids. The company began securing rights of way on the Wayland Route in the summer of 1912, filed their surveys in 1913, began construction, and commenced operation in 1915. The trains were capable of speeds up to seventy-five miles per hour. In Wayland, the line ran where the current power line right of way is today, running north-south between Pearl and Park streets.

Trains ran from 5:00 AM to 11:00 PM with “locals” stopping at all stations and when flagged by passengers at other numbered stops, “limiteds,” and “the flyer,” a non-stop that made the run in one hour and ten minutes. Though popular and heavily used in its early years, the growth of the automobile industry and Michigan’s commitment to an ambitious road-building program doomed the line to failure. Citizens bought automobiles and abandoned public transportation. The Michigan Railway Company suspended passenger service in 1928, and ceased operation and was placed in receivership in 1929.

An interurban depot was located on West Superior Street, a short walk from its intersection with Main Street. The depot was eventually dismantled, and the bricks used for construction of a private residence.

Wayland continued to benefit from its downtown’s location on the main route between Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids for several more decades. It historically was a way point between the two larger cities, offering products and services to its local market area as well as taking advantage of mid-way proximity between two urban areas to reach a larger potential market. However, by the late 1950s, due to traffic volumes generated by the two cities, plans were made to reroute the road as a freeway that bypassed Wayland’s downtown. Construction from the north southward progressed to Wayland by July 3, 1958, where traffic was routed on West Superior back downtown to the old road. By September 27, 1959, the new highway had bypassed the city, and Wayland’s vitality suffered, enduring stagnation through the mid-twentieth century.

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All these historical developments influenced the growth and development of Wayland and are reflected somewhat by fluctuations in its population, which mirror the good times and the lean times. The United States census revealed that soon after its founding, Wayland’s population was 585, and then the village declined about five percent each decade to 523 in 1890, before growing over eighteen percent to 619 in the 1900 count. Growth then continued at about the same pace, uninterrupted at between seventeen and eighteen percent per decade, to over one thousand residents in 1930, at the brink of the Great Depression. The population of the city was relatively stable throughout the 1930s and had declined less than one percent to 1005 by 1940. After World War II, the city’s population increased significantly, climbing nearly sixty percent to 1591 in 1950, and then by more than another one-quarter to over 2000 in 1960.

The 1960s and 1970s were lean times for Wayland as its population stagnated, at least partially in response to the decision route US-131 to bypass the village; the number of residents increased only from 2,019 to 2,023 between 1960 and 1980. A population boom between 1990 and 2000, however, when the experienced nearly forty percent growth in that decade, for a count of 3,949 in 2000. In 2018 the population of the city was estimated to be 4,250.

The Wayland Downtown Historic District illustrates the historical development of the community, and the wealth and prosperity created within the village and historic district is reflected in the commercial architecture of the district. The vitality of the historic commercial core suffered after businesses moved elsewhere, particularly west to the US-131 strip. Still, a series of small businesses occupied the storefronts through the decades, and “the downtown” did not die and retained its identity and sense of place. Pride in this small, agricultural community and in its history is reflected in the appearance of the commercial district, from recently restored storefronts and rehabilitated buildings. Today, with a Main Street program firmly in place, Wayland’s special small-town environment appeals to urbanites from nearby Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, Lansing, and other cities farther afield, and its historical appeal and strong sense of place bodes well for its future.

HISTORIC SIGNIFICANCE

Areas of Significance: Criterion A Commerce, Entertainment/Recreation, Social History, Education

COMMERCE While the normal array of grocery, hardware, furniture, and clothing stores grew in number with the growth in population, the real “business” of Wayland was driven by agricultural production and by servicing the travelers along the road between Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo. The primary business anchors downtown were hotels that served the overnight traveler and, in earlier times, also tended to their horses. As the local economy developed, blacksmiths and harness makers arrived with grocers and dry goods stores, farm implement rose in prominence, agriculture-based businesses moved closer to the railroad, and service stations and car showrooms appeared along Main Street.

Nineteenth Century Commerce

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State gazetteers and county and city directories provide a sequential examination of the growth of Wayland and the development of its downtown as a commercial center. The 1856 Michigan state gazetteer listed Wayland as a post office with a population of five-hundred-fifty, but provided no information on the number of types of businesses in the village. In the 1859 edition the village warranted merely a listing as a post village (Sutherland 1856: 203; Hawes 1859: 310). In the 1863 and 1867 editions, the same listing occurred, but the gazetteer estimated the population to be 1,000 and then 1,200, respectively (Clark 1863: 500; Chapin & Brother 1867 383). Another source indicated that in 1865, Wayland had a population of about one-hundred- seventy-five, “a half dozen business firms, several physicians, and a good basis of growth in the surrounding country” (Thomas 1907: 258). Its commercial activity received a boost when the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad reach the town in 1869.

When mapped in the 1873 county atlas (Titus 1873: 77), the lots currently in the historic district showed six buildings on the west side and five buildings on the east side of North Main, nine buildings on the west side and only the Wayland House on the east side of South Main, ten buildings on the north side (including the post office) and one on the south side of West Superior, and one building on the north side of Pine Street, with a business directory of twenty- four names. The 1873 state gazetteer is the first to provide a description of the town and its businesses. With an estimated population of seven-hundred, at that time it had factories producing bent wood, and sashes and doors, a tannery and a foundry, with a business district containing two hotels and eleven stores, sufficient to support a weekly newspaper. The business listing had forty-four entries, which had grown four years later to fifty-four in 1877 (Scripps & Polk 1873: 614; Polk 1877: 838-39).

The 1881 state gazetteer incorporated the latest census figures and indicated Wayland had a population of seven-hundred-fifty people who lived in a “pleasant incorporated village,” which has a sawmill, two flour mills, “a good hotel,” and “stores representing all the various lines of trade,” associated with a business directory of fifty listings (Polk 1881: 1107-08). By 1887 the state gazetteer noted the addition of a brick fire hall with hand engine, a public hall with five- hundred capacity, “two good hotels,” adding a fruit evaporator and cheese factory, and noting the numerous stores, and fraternal lodges of Masons, I.O.O.F., and A.O.U.W, and a business directory with more than seventy-five listings (Polk 1887: 1646-47). Enough businessmen were prosperous enough to purchase nineteen listings in the 1895 county atlas business directory (Kace 1895: 85). The 1897 state gazetteer described Wayland as a “prosperous village,” with a public hall and an opera house, and the Star Roller Mill, while the K.O.T.M. and G.A.R. have added lodges. The business directory of the 1897 edition contained eighty-five entries (Polk 1897: 1617-18).

Among Wayland’s earliest businesses were those that hosted travelers, as the village was near the mid-way point of the journey between larger population and commercial centers of Grand Rapids, to the north, and Kalamazoo, to the south. Wayland’s first hotel, the Wayland House, began in the 1840s in an early home on the east side of South Main Street. That building was consumed in a massive fire in 1891. The Occidental Hotel was built around 1856 directly opposite the Wayland House on the west side of South Main Street. On August 8, 1891, the Wayland House hotel was the destroyed by fire. Arson was suspected. The owner, Nelson Chambers, promised to rebuild with a new brick building including a hotel, stores and barns, but

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instead he leased the Occidental Hotel. Deed records show that Chambers purchased the Occidental by October 1891, and never rebuilt on the Wayland House site. Rather than rebuild, the Occidental Hotel was renamed and operated for several years as the New Wayland House. The bane of Wayland, another fire in the commercial district, destroyed this hotel in 1902. The Wayland Hotel, built in 1902 at the intersection of Main and Superior, 104 South Main Street, continued the city’s heritage of hostelry through the mid-twentieth century.

Among the earliest settlers and businesses was harness-maker Paul H. Schuh, who arrived in Wayland in 1865. He opened a shop in 1870 to manufacture neck-yoke leathers, an item he had designed and patented. Schuh was joined by his son around 1887, when the shop became known as P. H. and W. H. Schuh. They added furniture to their line in 1902 following the big downtown fire. In 1903 they built a store, which they expanded into a double storefront at 152 South Main Street a year later. In 1904 the company added more display space for the furniture, carpet, and even pianos. By 1907, another son, George B. Schuh, was brought into the business and the name of the company changed to Schuh Furniture Company. Paul Schuh passed away in 1910, but the business continued until it was sold by his sons in 1917.

In addition to the Wayland Hotel, Schuh store, and others on Main Street, development also occurred on West Superior. Ward’s Barber Shop, at 110 West Superior, dates back to the late 1880s. Charles H. Ward opened his shop in 1882 and was still in business forty-eight years later in 1930. His son, John E., then the youngest licensed barber in the state, joined him in 1895 and was still working in 1955 in the same location.

Early Twentieth Century Commerce The 1903 state gazetteer places Wayland’s population at seven-hundred, and perhaps related to the major fires the village experienced in years prior, the business directory contains only about forty entries (Polk 1903: 1703). The 1907 edition illustrates the importance of the surrounding area, noting that Wayland shipped large quantities of fruit, livestock and hay, and was in the center of “fine dairy country,” supporting a business directory of over eighty listings (Polk 1907: 1880-81). The 1916 Allegan County directory has a business directory that contains about three dozen listings for Wayland, including the Wayland State Bank, two hotels, an attorney, a bakery, a confectionary, cigar & tobacco store, blacksmith, clothing store, drug store, two furniture stores, three general stores, three hardware stores, a tinner, two groceries, two meat markets, a millinery, a tailor, two oil companies and a garage, a jewelry store, a photographer, three physicians, a newspaper, a sporting goods store, and an undertaker (Wilmer Atkinson 1916: 271- 285). In 1921, Wayland had a population of about 1,100, and the county directory summary for the village repeats those of earlier years, although adding that it had electric lights and a water works and a “moving picture theater,” with a business directory that was stable at over eighty entries, including automobile-related firms and a Rexall drug store, indicating the entry of national chains to the local Wayland market (Polk 1921: 1474-75).

As the village grew, financial support to growing businesses was provided when the Wayland State Bank was announced in the Wayland Saturday Globe on October 24, 1903. The bank had capital stock of twenty-thousand dollars. Dr. E. O. Hanlon, prominent physician and drug store owner, was president, joined by E. W. Pickett, from the Exchange Bank, a private institution, as cashier, and twenty other members in the corporation, all local business people. The Wayland

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bank was praised as the “home bank,” bringing money from the Grand Rapids' banks back into town. The new bank took over the Exchange Bank building (Turners’ office) at 112 West Superior Street, with the changeover made January 1, 1904.

Electrical lighting in the downtown shops became available in 1904, as many store owners, including Jay L. Smith, P. H. Schuh, Yeakey and Burlington, reported installing “lighting plants.” Town-wide service was not available until 1906, and then only from sundown until midnight. Twenty-four-hour service did not begin until 1921, when a new electrical plant was built by Miller and Wolf.

Wayland and the surrounding area grew into a center of dairy and agricultural production. Over a dozen creameries were operating in the early 1900s, and a major investment in 1915 by the Pet Milk Company brought a new plant and nationwide distribution. Newspapers reported weekly carload shipments of livestock, produce, and dairy products in the early 1900s, including the evolving fruit production of peaches, apples, etc. A niche market, for Dahlias, also defined Wayland’s agricultural-related commerce in the early-to-mid twentieth century.

Besides the local creameries and other businesses supporting the dairy farmers and the local economy, another key business in Wayland was owned by Jay L. Smith, variously J. L. Smith, who had arrived in Wayland in 1898, the year he built the Jay L. Smith & Sons building at 135 North Main Street. Known as the “steel” building for its galvanized, embossed metal siding, the business sold farm implements, Studebaker buggies (displayed on a second-floor balcony), and wagons. Smith also acted as a middleman for farmers buying and selling hay and straw from a large barn behind his North Main Street business. J. L. Smith & Sons Co. moved from the building to their lumber yard on West Maple Street in 1912. The company remained in business through three generations, but ultimately closed in 2005 (Young 2017).

Mid-Twentieth Century Commerce The 1921 Sanborn Map shows the effect of increasing automobile usage on the business makeup of the district. State Route M-131 had opened through the community the previous year, and there were two garages and four automobile-related sales and service stations operating on Main Street – two on the east side of South Main across from Schuh’s, including the Yeakey Ford dealership, one on the east side of North Main across from Jay L. Smith that became a Chevrolet dealership, and another on the southwest corner of North Main and Maple streets. A Goodyear tire store was just north of the Chevrolet dealer. However, some older businesses continued to thrive. Two farm implement shops still operated on North Main Street in 1921, and others were located closer to the railroad tracks where the farmers congregated for shipping. Two black smith shops and a wagon shop still operated on the west side of North Main Street at this time as well. National retail chains began to move into markets as small as Wayland in the 1950s, as represented by the Gambles Store at 122 West Superior, constructed in 1950, followed soon afterwards by the Ben Franklin store at 112 South Main.

1 Modern-day M-13 is located on the east side of the state. It runs between Interstate 69, which runs east-west, from about Flint, Michigan, north to about Standish, Michigan, where it connects with Interstate 75. Historical M-13 roughly followed present-day US 131.

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As the highway developed into US-131, additional service stations and car dealerships were constructed, primarily on North Main Street. When this highway was moved about one mile west of town in 1959, some buIsinesses followed to accommodate the influx of automobile traffic, moving to the West Superior Street interchange with US-131. Gradually other businesses, less closely related to the automobile, also moved from the downtown. The businesses followed commerce which was closely related to the volume of traffic – and potential customers – cruising along the highway that bypassed Main Street. Businesses that moved into the downtown storefronts were increasingly geared to the local Wayland economy and generally more oriented toward services. This transition of business types in the downtown and highway interchange changed the makeup of downtown from being the heart of the community to providing a handful of unique services to local residents. The highway interchange businesses slowly transitioned to national chain retail and restaurants as this was the fashion of the day in the early 1960s and beyond.

ENTERTAINMENT/RECREATION As Wayland grew from a mere way station in the mid-nineteenth century and its population increased, the desire for socialization and entertainment grew in spite of its relatively remote location away from more populated, developed communities. While saloons were often the first businesses in many wilderness outposts, they never were a large presence in Wayland. The general desire among early residents to interact with neighbors led to the organization of dances in homes and barns. As the village grew, so did more social opportunities and the building of places dedicated to entertainment. In Wayland these included public halls and an opera house. As early as 1865 W. E. White constructed a building on the west side of South Main Street with a large gathering and entertainment hall on the second floor. Known as White’s Hall or the Wayland Opera House, after its purchase by F. G. Chamberlain around 1894, it was renamed Chamberlain’s Hall or Opera House, a lively place before its destruction in the 1902 fire. Frank’s Opera House followed in 1902. Somewhat later, popular businesses in Wayland included a roller rink, and later a bowling alley and a movie theatre. There was even a town band. All of these venues have been demolished.

In July 1902, the “great fire of 1902” started in Schuh’s Harness Shop, jumped a vacant lot on the north side of the building to the Grange Building and proceeded to destroy the rest of the block up to Superior Street, including the Occidental Hotel, then the New Wayland House, and site of the current Wayland Hotel. Reconstruction of South Main after this fire brought another entertainment venue to the community in 1904. Yeakey & Burlington built a large hall on the second floor above their shops at 142 South Main Street and began a series of dances and other entertainments, competing with the Opera House. Five-hundred invitations were sent out for their opening dance on July 1 that drew ninety-six couples, who swayed to the sounds of Professor Spencer’s Orchestra of Grand Rapids. At one time, dances were being held every week, and they regularly partnered with the Schuh business next door to present events. Frank’s Opera House also offered weekly dances. Through most of the 1920s, Wayland then had two “opera houses,” Frank’s, which evolved into a movie house that prospered until 1971 (demolished), and Yeakey’s, which become a Masonic Lodge in 1929 (which today is becoming a new gathering place for the community). That this opera house was an important element in the community’s growth and history, is explained in a new book by Ann Satterthwaite, Local

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Glories – Opera Houses on Main Street Where Art and Community Meet. Satterthwaite observed:

A building devoted solely to stage entertainments indicates “that a town had achieved some tone and social capacities . . . In fact, an opera house became a barometer of the economic and social life of a town; it meant the town had advanced beyond the survival stage of development.” Later, she said “the opera house, like other municipal improvements, confirmed a town’s maturity and cultural sophistication.

As noted earlier, the default “entertainment” and “recreation” venue in many towns, the saloon, never was prominent in Wayland. The 1879, 1881, and 1903 state gazetteers, for example, each list only a single such business in the city, the earliest combined with a cigar store. The general climate in the area was not conducive to imbibing. Allegan County was one of the state’s counties that voted to go dry in 1910, years prior to state (1918) and national (1920) Prohibition (Garrett 2020; Moderator-Topics 1916).

SOCIAL HISTORY Fraternal organizations, secret societies, and similar groups have been present in the United States since the founding of the country. Some of the earliest groups had origins in Europe and were brought here by immigrants, while others were established in response to conditions in America. Fraternal organizations experienced a significant expansion following the Civil War, both in membership in existing groups and in new groups that were formed. By 1899 more than six million Americans had joined at least one of three hundred organizations (Stevens 1899: v).

Fraternal societies, mutual benefit organizations, and social groups and associations had formed in Wayland to offer collegiality, educational and cultural opportunities, and social status to members. Some provided material benefits in times of trouble by providing sick or death benefits and funeral expenses, others provided a common culture, celebrated nationalities and ethnicities, and offered kinship to its members. These groups were important, not only to the members, but also to Wayland as a whole and to the commercial district. In many ways, they were more important in a small city like Wayland than in larger urban locations. They were the glue that bound citizens together and continued to do so for many years. The number of groups and their prominence in the social aspects of Wayland coincide with what has been deemed the “Golden Age of Fraternalism,” a period of time beginning shortly after the end of the Civil War and continuing through the 1920s. Many of the halls and club rooms in the village were lost in the “Great Fire” of 1902, and several fraternal and social organizations were left without meeting space. Most moved to Chapple’s Hall on the south side of West Superior (demolished), while the Grange purchased a building on North Main Street (no longer extant). Others met in rooms above 132, 138, and 142 South Main Street.

Free & Accepted Masons (F. & A. M.) The James Fenton Lodge, No. 224, Free & Accepted Masons, was organized in 1868, with eight original members (Thomas 1907: 563). In 1929, the Grange purchased the remainder of a fifty- five-year lease of Masonic Hall on the second floor of the Village Hall. The Masons then moved to Yeakey Hall at 142 South Main Street. The interior of 142 S. Main Street still retains remnants

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from its time when the upper story was used as a Masonic Hall. A small stage area, doorway, wood molding, and signage is still extant. Michigan had the earliest documented Masonic lodge west of the Allegheny Mountains when members met in Detroit in 1764, and by 1800 several other lodges were meeting, mostly around Detroit, including Zion Lodge, founded in Detroit in 1794 and still active today. Zion supported the establishment of other lodges throughout Michigan, and in 1826, facilitated the founding of the Grand Lodge for the Territory of Michigan in Detroit. Lodges spread throughout the state during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, including Wayland, and although fewer in number today, still count four hundred Masonic lodges in Michigan (Grand Lodge 2020).

Independent Order of Odd Fellows (I. O. O. F.) / Daughters of Rebekah The Wayland Lodge, No. 129, I.O.O.F. was organized in 1869, including among its members some of Wayland’s most prominent citizens (Thomas 1907: 566). In 1879 the Hope Lodge, No. 12 of the Daughters of Rebekah, a women’s service group related to the Odd Fellows, was organized. Michigan Lodge No. 1 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F.) was established in Detroit in 1843 (Ross 1916: 425; Tabbert 2003; Fraternalresearch 2012). Odd Fellowship thrived in industrialized Michigan, because it had an open membership that contrasted with qualifications required for the Masons (Ross 1916: 12; Atwood 2008: 6). In 1851 the I.O.O.F. became the first national fraternal organization to accept both men and women when it formed the Daughters of Rebekah (Tabbert 2003; Barry 2007). The I.O.O.F. grew quickly after the Civil War in response to industrialization and deteriorating social conditions. One of the attractions of membership was that most Odd Fellows lodges offered financial benefits for the sick and distressed members. From the end of the Civil War to about 1920, known as the "Golden Age of Fraternalism" in America, when their lodge opened here in Wayland, the Odd Fellows had lodges in every state and became the largest national fraternal organization (Gray 2015; Tabbert 2003). During this period, in 1903 the Michigan Odd Fellows founded the Odd Fellows Home of Michigan in Jackson, to take care of indigent Odd Fellows, their wives, widows, orphans and Rebekahs (Ross 1916: 559). By 1895 there were 23,447 Odd Fellows in Michigan, and 788,968 nationally, which rose to 30,120 in Michigan and 910,128 nationwide in 1901, and to the peak of Odd Fellows membership in 1920 at about 1.7 million members (New York World 1896: 297, 1902: 327; Tabbert 2003). But by 1960 membership was about one-half that of its 1920 peak (Tabbert 2003).

The Grange The Wayland Grange, No. 37, was organized in 1873 and meet above a building on the west side of South Main Street. In 1929 the Grange purchased the remainder of a fifty-five-year lease of Masonic Hall on the second floor of the Village Hall for eight-hundred dollars. The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry was founded in Washington, D.C., in 1867 with the objectives of advancing methods of agriculture and to promote the social and economic well- being of farmers in the United States (National Grange 2017; Gilder Lehrman 2017). Farmers organized and the movement spread rapidly through the farm belt in response to economic crises such as the Panic of 1873, monopolistic railroad fees and perceived government indifference. The Wayland chapter formed about this time of intensifying organization. The Grange promoted cooperatives in purchasing, banking, and grain elevators. The organization peaked in the early twentieth century, and then declined in membership. “The Grange had played an important role by demonstrating that farmers were capable of organizing and advocating a political agenda.

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After witnessing the eclipse of its advocacy efforts by other groups, such as the Progressive Party, the Grange reverted to its original educational and social events” (Britannica 2015; United States History 2017).

Grand Army of the Republic In 1882 the Sterling Post, No. 74 of the Grand Army of the Republic was organized in Wayland, and a supporting auxiliary in 1891. The Grand Army of the Republic was a patriotic organization of Civil War veterans formed in 1866 and achieving its largest membership in 1890 at 400,000, when it also was a powerful political force (Britannica 2017).

Ancient Order of United Workmen The Ancient Order of United Workmen (A.O.U.W.) was meeting in Wayland in the 1880s (Polk 1887: 1646). Founded in Pennsylvania in 1868, it was the first fraternal group offering benefits to its members. Unlike the Masons, generally upper-class gentlemen’s clubs, the A.O.U.W. enrolled working-class men and women. Its aim was adjusting "all differences which may arise between employers and employees,” based on the idea that “the interests of labor and capitol are equal and should receive equal protection." Each member paid into an insurance fund to cover the benefits paid to a member’s dependents when he died. The group thus provided financial protection to working class people at an affordable rate and provided a lodge where members could meet in a spirit of fraternalism and brotherhood. When active here in Wayland, its national membership numbered in excess of three-hundred-forty-thousand in 1895 (Gray 2018).

Knights of the Modern Maccabees / Ladies of the Modern Maccabees The Wayland Hive, No. 422, Ladies of the Modern Maccabees, was organized in Wayland in 1893, with twenty-three charter members, while the Wayland Tent, No. 545, Knights of the Modern Maccabees (K.O.T.M.) was chartered in 1900, with fifteen charter members that eventually grew to well over one-hundred. Meetings were held in Chapple Hall. The K.O.T.M. was founded in London, Ontario, Canada, in 1878, and was established to care for widows and orphans. Over time, the group expanded its offerings to provide life insurance to its members. Michigan had a substantial K.O.T.M. membership in these early years, and the state’s members organized the Great Camp of Michigan to lead the “tent” branches in the communities. The Great Camp was headquartered first in Port Huron, later in Detroit, and finally in Southfield, Michigan. By 1897 the Knights of the Maccabees had a membership of more than 217,000 across the United States, including the chapter here in Wayland, and by 1899, the K.O.T.M. was the largest fraternal organization in Michigan with more than sixty-three thousand members, more than the Freemasons (about thirty-seven thousand) and the Odd Fellows (about twenty-five thousand). In 1914, the organization was renamed simply as the Maccabees (Phoenixmasonry 2018).

Modern Woodmen of America In 1897 the local chapter of the Modern Woodmen was organized in Wayland, with seventeen charter members, including the publisher of the Globe newspaper. The group is a fraternal financial services organization established in 1883, with a national membership today (Modernwoodmen 2017; Exonumia 2017). By 1903 it claimed to be the largest insurance organization in the world, with a beneficial and social membership of over seven-hundred thousand, and over ten-thousand local “camps” (lodges) established, with Michigan having over

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six-hundred camps and nearly thirty-nine thousand members, including the camp here in Wayland (MWA 1903: 4-5).

EDUCATION

Learning and literacy were always of prime concern to residents of Wayland from the time the city was first settled. As families moved into the vicinity, education for their children was a collective priority. In 1844 the first school was established in Wayland Township to serve Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19, and 20. A log house in Wayland was converted to a school, which was replaced by a “little red schoolhouse” in 1850. A new school was built in Wayland in 1862, which was soon outgrown and replaced by a brick schoolhouse in 1879. After this building burned in 1896, it was replaced within the same year. In 1923 a grade school with three rooms was built, and then was expanded by two additional rooms in 1929. The current Pine Street Elementary School, just southwest of the historic district, was built on the 1896 school site. The Pine Street School is the only historical school building in Wayland, and likely individually eligible for listing in the National Register.

In addition to formal education, informal education was encouraged and achieved, in part, through the organization of early libraries and literary clubs. In 1845, Wayland Township appropriated twenty-five dollars in their second year of organization for the purchase of twenty- five books to start a library managed by the Township Clerk. Literacy and intellect was encouraged in village of Wayland, as well. The Ladies Literary Club of Wayland was originally organized on February 22, 1893, as the Ladies’ Literary Association, with twenty charter members. Its founders were “a few women, possessed of progressive ideas, whose objectives were “mutual improvement and a desire to keep abreast of the times, and to become better informed of the general interests of the day, as well as the history and literature of the past” (Thomas 1907: 559). Its name was changed in 1896 to the Ladies’ Literary Club.

However, little in the way of “concrete” support for a library was achieved until 1899, when Julia A. Henika bequeathed two thousand dollars to construct a library building following her death that year, with the stipulation it be named the Henika Ladies Library of Wayland. Still, the decision to build a “ladies library” was fraught with controversy. The village council first disagreed about the land purchase required for the building, which was not covered by the bequest, and became an expense for the village. F. E. Pickett, a prominent merchant in the village, was particularly opposed to spending any village funds on it and was quite outspoken with his objections over many years. A lot for the building was finally secured from George Chambers for three-hundred dollars. The Ladies’ Literary Club then incorporated in May 1899, as the Ladies Library Club, to meet the terms of Henika’s will, which charged it with oversight of the building. This also became an issue with the village as they resisted naming the library the Henika Ladies’ Library as provided in the bequest.

Despite these concerns, construction progressed, and by December 1899, the building was nearly completed, as reported in the Wayland Saturday Globe, which opined that the building would be a “very pretty and modern affair” (Ashlee 2005: 17). The same newspaper reported in June 1900, that architect Fred H. Eely and contractor S. H. Schleiss were in town for final inspection of the building, with its acceptance by the building committee expected “at once.” A year later, in

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1901, the building exterior was complete but the interior was neither complete nor furnished. Henika’s mother and husband contributed an additional six-hundred dollars, with the understanding that the village would contribute additional funds to finish the interior and secure books. Other sources state that Henika’s mother and husband each donated an additional five hundred dollars to cover the cost of the building, and George Chambers later donated two hundred dollars (LCM 1917: 31; Thomas 1907: 358).

By October 1901 the village council resolved to determine its authority over the library, and the issues were decided in court in February 1902. The village was determined to be the absolute owner of the building, and the library was not intended to be limited to the “Ladies.” Plaster work finally commenced in May of that year, with furnishings and about two-hundred books furnished by December. A dedication was finally set for February 1903, but cases of small pox and scarlet fever in the village postponed that event until April.

For more than a decade after it opened, the Henika library was not a “lending” library, but rather functioned as a reading room, open one or two days per week. It was not until 1916 that the first librarian, Fannie Hoyt, was hired and the library began service to the community as a lending institution. Hoyt was a particularly important woman in the community. She performed as a pianist at many events, including high school graduations. She served until 1948, when poor health resulted in her resignation. Hoyt died the next year. Despite the loss of Hoyt, the Ladies Library Club remained active well into the twentieth century, and, in 1930, the members of the club compiled and published the book, Early History of Wayland (Ladies Literary Club 1930).

In addition to its history as a significant source of informal public education, the Henika Library is arguably the most architecturally distinctive building in downtown Wayland and is likely individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.

The library was expanded in 1968 with an addition to the east above a full basement, effectively tripling the size of the original building. In 1969 the front porch was enclosed as a reading room. The library was renovated in 1995, retaining it’s the exterior elements defining its historic character, while interior changes brought the library up-to-date with public access computers, an online card catalog, and public access to the Internet. The basement in the east addition was further enhanced with its conversion to a children’s library. It continues to serve Wayland and the surrounding area today as Henika District Library, one of eleven libraries comprising the Allegan County Library consortium.

Area of Significance: Criterion C Architecture

ARCHITECTURE Wayland’s commercial, public, and other buildings present a range of design, and often a mixture, of sizes, styles, and building materials. While there is an architecturally distinguished example of Richardsonian Romanesque, most buildings have been renovated over the years and combine features of their original character with modernizations, typically rebuilt facades, from decades later. These modernized, or in some cases rebuilt, facades often illustrate the styles and

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materials of the eras in which they were altered, typically the middle years of the twentieth century.

Aspects of the downtown architecture that stand out include the district’s Romanesque- influenced library building, and its buildings with Late Victorian commercial facades, and early- twentieth century commercial storefronts. The district represents primarily modest commercial architecture – about two-thirds are single-story buildings – built in response to a series of devastating fires between the early 1880s and early 1900s. Occupying the historic core of Wayland’s central business district, the historic district is composed of commercial buildings whose architecture is both representative of broad patterns of Michigan, Midwestern, and American architecture of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and is architecturally distinct in the local context and beyond. The district’s building stock that this nomination includes dates from the 1880s to the 1960s, with about one-third dating to the nineteenth century and another one-third dating to the first two decades of the twentieth century, a date frame that generally corresponds with the city’s greatest period of growth and development. The district always has and continues to contain the city’s notable commercial architecture.

Commercial During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, construction in Wayland’s Main Street business district was dominated by one-part and two-part commercial blocks. Examples span the transition from Late Victorian to the simplified Commercial Brick architecture that became widespread during the early twentieth century. Many of the commercial blocks constructed of brick retain the embellished cornices, including some executed in pressed metal. Architectural embellishment in the district varies among all building types and styles, but is generally restrained, with primary surviving elaboration confined to the cornice area. Classically inspired elements are most common on these cornices, while window treatment is often reduced to simplified square-head rather than arched and hooded lintels. The best example of formal or high style architecture is the Romanesque-influenced 1899 Henika Library, although elements of Classical Revival style, are present to some degree in other buildings, mostly in cornices.

The oldest surviving commercial buildings are the Italianate blocks, typically characterized by their segmental-arch-head windows, but in the district some of these have been renovated and their decorative brick, metal, or stone caps removed. Their fronts are most often divided into vertical window bays by raised piers or pilasters, with the bays themselves spanned by arch treatments in the brickwork of the upper façade below the parapet. A building that references this style is the c. 1884 Burlington Building at 124 West Superior Street.

The downtown also contains numerous examples of a slightly later generation of commercial buildings built during a time period when such overtly Italianate features as the round-arch windows were considered out of date. These buildings typically don’t display a specific stylistic influence, and are often labeled simply “Late Victorian” as a broad stylistic term defining the period in which they were built. Like the Italianate buildings, these typically had cornices as well, but almost always of metal rather than the wood often used in earlier times. By the 1880s and 1890s wooden cornices were increasingly being viewed as fire hazards both by local governments and by an insurance industry concerned with promoting fire-resistant construction

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in the wake of huge fire disasters such as the 1871 Chicago Fire and the many large fires that were ravaging smaller towns.

These later buildings displayed a more eclectic approach to design, borrowing from a broader range of influences. Buildings continued to sport decorative cornices, but they were typically more scaled down in size and height and often of more simplified design, often with only a bracket at each end of the façade or at least more widely spaced. Typically, they use the three- bay form, with tall corbelled brick friezes.

As noted above, the district has a fine example of the Richardsonian Romanesque popular in the later 1880s and 1890s best represented in the city in the Henika Library Building, built in 1899. The building embodies key characteristics of the style, particularly in the rock-face masonry and broad street-level arches. The Richardsonian Romanesque style typically featured round arches over windows and/or entryways, with heavy emphasis around the arches; thick, cavernous entryways and window openings; thick masonry walls, rounded (sometimes square) towers with conical roof; facades are typically asymmetrical; variable stone and brick façade. On elaborate examples, facades boasted polychromatic materials with contrasting masonry components. The style emphasizes the Classical Roman arch as its dominant feature. The use of rock-face ashlar stone peaked in the later 1880s and 1890s, after railroad lines made it easier to ship stone products longer distances, but went into a steep decline in the early twentieth century as lighter-hued stones such as limestone were favored as architectural styles shifted to Neoclassical and Beaux Arts-inspired buildings.

A popular, simple, and straightforward commercial alternative grew out of the older generation of Late Victorian buildings in the early twentieth century. This is reflected in buildings with square-head or low segmental-arch-head windows with simple caps and their understated display of brickwork detailing, such as simple corbelled brickwork below the eaves. Raised quoins along the building edges and paneled friezes are common features. These no-nonsense buildings should be considered direct precursors to another early-mid-twentieth-century architectural expression called Commercial Brick, which employs variations in the patterns and colors of the brickwork to create the “style.” Typical are soldier and rowlock bands and panels of basketweave brickwork, and bonding of bricks in different hues. In its lack of interest in historicism Commercial Brick seems to have affinities to the Arts-and-Crafts movement that swept through the arts, including architecture, in the early twentieth century. Examples of this style include the 1904 Yeakey & Burlington Block at 142 South Main. In the mid-twentieth century buildings were generally smaller and more functional in design, expressing few decorative elements, perhaps limited to some brickwork. A good example in the historic district is the building at 124 East Superior, built in 1955.

The district also has some fine examples of modernism, popular into the early 1950s, which had a more horizontal feel, often emphasized by bands of windows or brickwork, and a general lack of detailed ornamentation, expansive windows, smooth wall surfaces and flat roofs. Good examples, both occupied by national retail chains, include the Gambles Building at 122 West Superior Street and the Ben Franklin Building at 12 South Main Street.

Architects

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The Wayland Downtown Historic District is notable under Architecture for its broad variety of building types and styles dating from the early 1880s to the mid-1950s. Although few buildings possess more than local architectural significance as examples of their types and styles, one possesses importance as a notable work of its designer, self-taught architect Fred H. Eely. Eely is the only architect identified who is associated with a building within the historic district. Eely’s office was in Grand Rapids, Michigan. It should be noted that the only contractor identified in the district is S. H. Schleiss, associated with Eely in the 1899 Henika Library project. Research failed to discover any information about him, and it is assumed that he was also from Grand Rapids. However, it is plausible that a family of masons and brick layers listed in the 1902 Grand Rapids city directory was involved in the Henika Library construction, who are named Edward A, Frank C., Henry, and Louis C. Schliess (Polk 1902: 1177), is the same Schliess family as S. H. Schleiss.

Fred H. Eely, Grand Rapids 149 South Main. Henika Library (1899) 129 South Main. Stockdale Building (1901) 104 South Main. Wayland Hotel (1902)

(Note: Professionally known as Fred H. Eely, he adopted the spelling of his grandfather’s name upon entrance to the United States from England. David Eely, his grandfather, changed his name to Ely upon entry and it was used by his eleven children, including Fred’s father, Joseph. Fred started using Ely in 1920, again, and died with that spelling.)

Fred Hall Eely was born in Allegan, Michigan, on May 30, 1868. His father and grandfather had both been involved in masonry work, and Eely originally worked for five years as a carpenter after graduating from the Allegan Schools. He never received an architectural degree or formal schooling in the profession. However, he showed skill while employed as an architectural draftsman and, according to a 1900 biography,

Many of his designs were quite original or unique. This faculty led to his taking up the study of architecture. By private study and close reading of such works as are prepared for those desiring this technical knowledge, combined with his peculiar adaptation to the work, he has developed into one of the most reliable and successful architects in Grand Rapids (Bowen 1900: 153).

He married in 1890 when he was listed in that census as living in Grand Rapids as a carpenter. Shortly thereafter, he moved exclusively to architectural work, working primarily in the office of the Grand Rapids’ firm of A. W. Rush and Company, where he was listed as a “draughtsman” in 1894. By 1898, still at the firm, he was identified as a “designer,” but appears to have set out on his own shortly thereafter as he was listed at his home address in 1899. The 1900 biographical entry for Eely, describing him as “the well-known architect of Grand Rapids,” stated:

The first architectural work done by Mr. Eely was in Grand Rapids in 1890. It gave such satisfaction that he was eagerly sought after by builders and others in this city and elsewhere, and on two different occasions was employed on work in the city of Chicago, and at other times, while in Grand Rapids, was employed by

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some of the best architects of that city, and at other places in Illinois, as well as in Indiana. For a long time he was employed by parties in Grand Rapids, who were awarded the merit for his designs, and this fact led him to open an office of his own, in which he has since conducted a very satisfactory business (Bowen 1900: 153-154).

His first independent assignment seems to be for the Henika Library in Wayland. He went on to design a variety of projects including hotels, private homes, warehouses and the Allegan Masonic Temple. He designed two other building in Wayland soon after the Henika Library, an office building for David Stockdale in 1901 (129 South Main Street), and the Hotel Wayland in 1902 (104 South Main Street). Other reported works are presented below.

In 1900, Eely designed a hotel for the Curtis Brothers in Jennings, Michigan (Detroit Free Press, October 21, 1900), a large brick and stone warehouse for the Mosely Brothers in Mosely, Michigan (Detroit Free Press, October 21, 1900), and a house for Charles W. Groger in Grand Rapids (Detroit Free Press, November 25, 1900).

In 1901 the number of commissions Eely received increased. He designed a cold storage warehouse and boiler room for the Grand Rapids Cold Storage Company, and, showing his range of talent, a variety of projects including a mausoleum for James Curtis in Grand Rapids, a house remodel for S. J. Kresbaugh in Grand Rapids, a pressed brick store and office building for David Stockdale in Wayland (apparently 129 South Main Street) (all preceding, Detroit Free Press, February 24, 1901), the Church of Christ (Baptist) in Grand Rapids (Detroit Free Press, July 28, 1901), and a summer residence for L. Clark Thwing at Ottawa Beach in Ottawa County (Detroit Free Press, September 15, 1901).

His volume of work continued to increase in 1902, with one-dozen identified projects, primarily in Grand Rapids area, but including Muskegon and Wayland. These designs included two summer residences at Macatawa Beach (Detroit Free Press February 9, 1902), the Masonic Temple in Allegan (Detroit Free Press March 9, 1902, May 4, 1902), a business block for the Muskegon Brewing Co. in Muskegon (Detroit Free Press March 9, 1902), the G. A. Bates business block at 604 Michigan Avenue in Grand Rapids (Detroit Free Press March 9, 1902), and four houses in Grand Rapids (Detroit Free Press March 9, 1902, July 27, 1902, November 23, 1902), a four-story, twelve-flat apartment building for the Grand Rapids Improvement Company in Grand Rapids (Detroit Free Press November 23, 1902, December 7, 1902), and the Hotel Wayland, built in Wayland at a cost of seven-thousand dollars (Detroit Free Press August 17, 1902).

Although continuing to be listed in the Grand Rapids city directory in 1903, and designing a house for Joseph Kruse in that city in March (Detroit Free Press March 8, 1903), sometime during 1903 and 1904, Eely left Grand Rapids and moved to Memphis, Tennessee. He was subsequently listed in City Directories there either singly, as Eely & Co., or in a partnership with John J. Weller. Among his projects there, in 1912, he designed a two-story school in Jonestown, Mississippi (October 24, 1912 – Southern Hardware, Vol. 68), and in 1913, an ice plant for the Merchants Ice and Cold Storage Company, Memphis (American Contractor February 15 and 22, 1913).

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A 1913 publication of the Architects’ League of Memphis listed Eely as Secretary-Treasurer and a Patron. However, after 1913 Eely is not known to be associated with any commissions or projects, even though he continued to be listed in the Memphis City Directory as “Architect” until the 1940s. In a 1943 interview in the Wayland Globe, Eely noted that the Henika Library building was one of the best-preserved buildings he had seen and that it “should last another two hundred years if the roof was kept in good repair.” He also stated “that after forty-four years’ experience as an architect, if he were commissioned to build the same building under the circumstances the same as then, he would be lucky to get as good a building as he did then; and is very proud to name the Henika as one of his early jobs.” Eely died on October 6, 1955, at age 87, and was buried in Memphis.

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______9. Major Bibliographical References

Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.)

Ashlee, Laura 2005 Henika Ladies Library. Traveling Through Time, A Guide to Michigan’s Historical Markers. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor

Atwood, Stephanie K. 2008 Historic Use of the Interior Space of the Union Building. Keweenaw National Park, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, April 9, 2008 (Calumet, Michigan IOOF Hall).

Barry, Dan 2007 A Grand Gathering, But One With a Solemn Note (IOOF). New York Times, August 26, 2007.

Bowen, A. W. 1900 The City of Grand Rapids and Kent County, Michigan. A.W. Bowen & Co. , Logansport, Indiana

Britannica 2015 The Granger Movement. Britannica.com website, by the editors of Encyclopedia Britannica.

2017 Grand Army of the Republic (GAR). Britannica.com website, by the editors of Encyclopedia Britannica.

Ensign, D. W. 1902 History of History of Allegan and Barry Counties, Michigan - D. W. Ensign & Co., Philadelphia.

Exonumia 2017 Genealogy Research: Complete List of Fraternal Organizations Abbreviations, Exonumia website, A-L, and M-Z

Fraternalresearch 2012 History of Odd Fellowship. September 21, 2012. Fraternalresearch website

Garrett, Bob 2020 Lansing is Dry. Seeking Michigan, State Archives of Michigan. Seeking Michigan web

Gilder Lehrman 2017 The Grange Movement. Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History web site.

Grand Lodge 2020 A Brief History of Grand Lodge, F. & A. M. Michigan Grand Lodge web site.

Grange Visitor 1895 The Grange Visitor, The Official Organ of the Michigan State Grange October 17, 1895. Perry & McGrath, Publishers, Charlotte, Michigan.

Gray, Burkley M. 2018 Fraternalism in America 1860-1920. Phoenixmasonry Masonic Museum.

Hawes, George W. 1859 George W. Hawes’ Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1860. F. Raymond & Co., Detroit.

Kace Publishing 1895 Illustrated Atlas of Allegan County, Michigan. Kace Publishing Co., Racine, Wisconsin.

Knights of the Maccabees (KOTM) 1889 Historical Sketches of the Ancient and Modern Knights of the Maccabees. Huronia Printing Co., Port Huron, Michigan.

Ladies Library Club 1930 Early History of Wayland – Compiled by members of the Ladies Library Club, Wayland, Michigan. (2006 reprint: Then and Now Historical and Genealogical Society, Wayland, Michigan)

Lake, D. J. 1873 Atlas of Allegan County, Michigan. C. O. Titus, Publisher, Philadelphia.

Library Commissioners of Michigan (LCM) 1917 Seventeenth Annual Report of the State Board of Library Commissioners For the Year Ending December 31, 1916. Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford, State Printers, Lansing.

Moderator-Topics 1916 Dry Counties in Michigan (Allegan). Vol. XXXVII No. 1, September Moderator-Topics September 7, 1916, p. 570.

Modern Woodmen of America (MWA) 1903 Biennial Report of the Head Consul, M. W. of A. June 1st 1901 – June 1st 1903. Egbert, Fidlar & Chambers, Davenport, Iowa.

Modernwoodmen 2017 About Us, Who We Are, What We Are. Modernwoodmen website

Mosher, Rollo G. (ed.)

1968 The Story of Wonderful Wayland - Wayland Centennial History. Self-published, Wayland, Michigan.,

National Grange 2017 About Us. National Grand of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry web site.

New York World 1896 The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1896. The World Vol. III No. 28, January 1896 (Odd Fellows), p. 297. The Press Publishing Co., Pulitzer Building, New York.

1902 The World Almanac and Encyclopedia 1902. January 1902 (Odd Fellows), p. 327. The Press Publishing Co., New York World, Pulitzer Building, New York.

Ogle, George A. 1913 Standard Atlas of Allegan County, Michigan. George A. Ogle & Co., Chicago.

Polk, R. L. 1875 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1875. R.L. Polk & Co., The Tribune Printing Co., Detroit.

1877 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory 1877. R.L. Polk & Co., The Tribune Printing Co., Detroit.

1879 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory 1879. R.L. Polk & Co., The Tribune Printing Co., Detroit.

1881 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1881-1882, R.L. Polk & Co., Tribune Printing Co., Detroit.

1887 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1887-1888. R.L. Polk & Co., Detroit.

1893 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1893-1894. R.L. Polk & Co., Detroit. (

1897 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1897, Vol. XIII. R.L. Polk & Co., Detroit.)

1901 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1901-1902, R.L. Polk & Co., Tribune Printing Co., Detroit.

1902 R. L. Polk and Co.’s Grand Rapids City Directory 1902. The Grand Rapids Directory Co., Grand Rapids.

1903 Polk’s Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1903, R.L. Polk & Co., Detroit.

1907 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1907-08, R.L. Polk & Co., Detroit.)

1909 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1909-10, R. L. Polk & Co., Detroit.

1911 Polk’s Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1911, R. L. Polk & Co., Detroit (microfilm, State Library of Michigan, Lansing).

1919 Polk’s Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1919, R. L. Polk & Co., Detroit (microfilm, State Library of Michigan, Lansing).

1921 Polk’s Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory 1921-1922, R. L. Polk & Co., Detroit.

Ross, Theodore A. 1916 The Illustrated History of Odd Fellowship. Ross History Co., New York.

Sanborn 1921 Sheet 2. Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps from Wayland, Allegan County, Michigan, April, 1921. Sanborn Map & Publishing Company, New York.

1930 Sheet 2. Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps from Wayland, Allegan County, Michigan, October, 1930. Sanborn Map & Publishing Company, New York.

Scripps, J. E. and R. L. Polk 1873 Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1873. J. E. Scripps and R. L. Polk, Compilers, The Tribune Book and Job Office, Detroit.

Smith, Ruby 1966 Wayland, Where Yesterday Meets Today. T. Gaus’ Sons, Brooklyn, New York.

Sutherland, James 1856 State of Michigan Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1856-7.

Tabbert, Mark A. 2003 The Odd Fellows. Masonic Papers. The Northern Light, December 2003.

Thomas, Henry F. 1907 A Twentieth Century History of Allegan County, Michigan. Lewis Publishing Co., Chicago.

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Wayland 2020 Wayland Mini Park. City of Wayland, Government, Parks & Recreation. City of Wayland web page.

Wilmer Atkinson 1916 Farm Journal Illustrated Directory of Allegan County Michigan. Wilmer Atkinson Co. Philadelphia.

Young, David 2017 Wayland’s Oldest Business, Smith Lumber, Has Been Sold. Townbroadcast web site

______

Previous documentation on file (NPS):

____ preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested ____ previously listed in the National Register ____ previously determined eligible by the National Register ____ designated a National Historic Landmark ____ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey #______recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # ______recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # ______

Primary location of additional data: __x_ State Historic Preservation Office ____ Other State agency ____ Federal agency ____ Local government ____ University ____ Other Name of repository: ______

Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): ______

______10. Geographical Data

Acreage of Property ____5.0______

Use either the UTM system or latitude/longitude coordinates

Latitude/Longitude Coordinates Datum if other than WGS84:______(enter coordinates to 6 decimal places) 1. Latitude: 42.674579 Longitude: -85.644366

2. Latitude: 42.674563 Longitude: -85.641667

3. Latitude: 42.672556 Longitude: -85.642579

4. Latitude: 42.672832 Longitude: -85.644237

Or UTM References Datum (indicated on USGS map):

NAD 1927 or NAD 1983

1. Zone: Easting: Northing:

2. Zone: Easting: Northing:

3. Zone: Easting: Northing:

4. Zone: Easting : Northing:

Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property.) Property in the City of Wayland, Allegan County, MI, described as follows: Beginning at intersection of center of Pine St and S Main St, then S on centerline of S Main St to pt in line with S line of 149 S Main St, then E along this S line to E line of 149 S Main St, then N along this E line to N line of 149 S Main St then W along this N line to pt in line with centerline of north-bearing alley, then N along this alley centerline along the E lot lines of 129, 125, 121, 117 and 111 S Main St to pt in line with S lot line of 124 E. Superior St then E along this S line to E lot line of 124 E Superior then N along the E lot line to pt in centerline of E Superior St, then E along centerline of E. Superior St past 131, 133 and 135 E Superior St to E line of 135 E Superior St, then N along this E line to centerline of alley at NE lot corner of 135 E Superior St and W along alley centerline paralleling the N lot lines of 135, 133 and 131 E Superior St to pt in line with E line of 132 N Main St, then N along this E line and the E line of 138 N Main St to N line of 138 N Main St then W along this N line,

crossing N Main St continuing W along N line of 135 N Main St to W line of 135 N Main St then S along this W line to centerline of alley N of 114 W Superior St, then W along this alley centerline to pt opposite N line of 122 W Superior St, then S along this W line to centerline of W Superior St, then E along the centerline of W Superior St to pt opposite centerline of alley at rear of 104 S Main St, then S along this centerline past 104, 112 and 120 S Main St to pt in line with N lot line of 128 S Main St, then W along this line to pt in line with W lot line at NW corner of barn, then S along W lot line to W lot line of 114 Pine St, then S along W lot line of 114 Pine St to pt in centerline of Pine St, then E along centerline of Pine St to pt in center of intersection of S Main St at point of beginning

Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected.)

______11. Form Prepared By

name/title: ____Jessica Flores and William Rutter ______organization: __Preservation Forward, LLC______street & number: _ PO Box 4490 ______city or town: _East Lansing______state: _Michigan___ zip code: __48826____ e-mail__ [email protected] ______telephone: __ 517-220-5144______date: ____August 10, 2020______

______

Additional Documentation

Submit the following items with the completed form:

• Maps: A USGS map or equivalent (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location.

• Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all photographs to this map.

• Additional items: (Check with the SHPO, TPO, or FPO for any additional items.)

Photographs Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels (minimum), 3000x2000 preferred, at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that number must correspond to the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo date, etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every photograph.

Photo Log

Name of Property: Wayland Downtown Historic District

City or Vicinity: Wayland

County: Allegan State: Michigan

Photographer: Jessica Flores

Date Photographed: September 2017, August 2018, June 2020????

Description of Photograph(s) and number, include description of view indicating direction of camera:

1 of 16: Main_N_100_block_W_side streetscape, facing SE MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0001 2 of 16: Main_N_132, facing E MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0002 3 of 27: Main_S_100_block_E_Side _ at_Superior_St. streetscape, facing SE MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0003 4 of 27: Main_S_100_block_E_Side Streetscape, facing SE MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0004 5 of 27: Main_S_100_block_W_side streetscape, facing N MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0005 6 of 27: Main_S_100_block_W_side streetscape, facing SW MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0006 7 of 27: Main_S_103, facing E MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0007 8 of 27: Main_S_128-132, facing SW MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0008 9 of 27: Main_S_142, facing NW MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0009 10 of 27: Main_S_149, facing E MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0010 11 of 27: Main_S_152, facing NW MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0011 12 of 27: Pine_114_barn_behind_128_ S_Main, facing NW

MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0012 13 of 27: Superior_E_100_block_N_side, facing NW MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0013 14 of 27: Superior_W_100_block_N_side, facing NE MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0014 15 of 27: Superior_W_114, facing N MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0015 16 of 27: Superior_W_130, facing N MI Allegan County Wayland Downtown Historic District_ 0016

Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for nominations to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.). We may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for each response using this form is estimated to be between the Tier 1 and Tier 4 levels with the estimate of the time for each tier as follows:

Tier 1 – 60-100 hours Tier 2 – 120 hours Tier 3 – 230 hours Tier 4 – 280 hours

The above estimates include time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and preparing and transmitting nominations. Send comments regarding these estimates or any other aspect of the requirement(s) to the Service Information Collection Clearance Officer, National Park Service, 1201 Oakridge Drive Fort Collins, CO 80525.

Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 1 2 3 Streetscape- W. Superior Street. View looking Streetscape- W. Superior Street. View looking 130 W. Superior Street. View looking northeast. north. northwest.

Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 4 5 6 142 S. Main Street. View looking west. 128 S. Main Street. View looking west. 116 S. Main Street. View looking west.

Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 7 8 9 129 S. Main Street. View looking east. 129 E. Superior Street. View looking north. 120 S. Main Street. View looking west.

Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 10 11 12 120 W. Superior Street. View looking north. 120 S. Main Street. View looking northwest. 122 W. Superior Street. View looking north.

Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 13 14 15 130 W. Superior Street. View looking north. 106 W. Superior Street. View looking north. 105 E. Superior Street. View looking north.

Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 16 17 18 116-118 W. Superior Street. View looking north. 108 W. Superior Street. View looking north. Streetscape: South Main Street, East Side- View looking east.

Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 19 20 21 104 S. Main Street. View looking west. 128 S. Main Street (rear) barn- view looking Streetscape: View of South Main Street. View west. looking north.

Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 22 23 24 View of South Main Street. View looking south 138 N. Main Street. View looking east. 114 Pine Street. View looking north. from North Main Street.

Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 25 26 27 133 E. Superior Street. View looking north. 149 S. Main Street- Henika Library- view looking 117 S. Main Street- Wayland Main Street Office- east. view looking east.

Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 District. Photos by J. Flores taken on 5-15-2020 28 29 30 135 N. Main Street. View looking southwest. 103 S. Main Street- City Hall- View looking east. 201 Pine Street- Pine Street Elementary School. View looking south. 8/24/2020 Wayland - Google Maps

Wayland Michigan_Allegan_Wayland Downtown Historic District

Imagery ©2020 CNES / Airbus, Landsat / Copernicus, Maxar Technologies, USDA Farm Service Agency, Map data ©2020 2000 ft

https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wayland,+MI+49348/@42.6737426,-85.6467712,5880m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x8819ccf84e2ab68b:0x8423447749f770b8!8m2!3d42.6739208!4d-85.6447438 1/3

Esri, USDA Farm Service Agency

0 50 100 CITY OF WAYLAND Feet

Data Sources: State of Michigan Geographic Data Library, City of Negaunee, Marquette County GIS Parcels Contributing Parcels Downtown Historic District