Visual and acoustic components of courtship in the bird-of-paradise genus Astrapia (Aves: Paradisaeidae) Edwin Scholes1, Julia M. Gillis2 and Timothy G. Laman3 1 Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America 2 Center for Animal Resources and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America 3 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America ABSTRACT The distinctive and divergent courtship phenotypes of the birds-of-paradise make them an important group for gaining insights into the evolution of sexually selected phenotypic evolution. The genus Astrapia includes five long-tailed species that inhabit New Guinea's montane forests. The visual and acoustic components of courtship among Astrapia species are very poorly known. In this study, we use audiovisual data from a natural history collection of animal behavior to fill gaps in knowledge about the visual and acoustic components of Astrapia courtship. We report seven distinct male behaviors and two female specific behaviors along with distinct vocalizations and wing-produced sonations for all five species. These results provide the most complete assessment of courtship in the genus Astrapia to date and provide a valuable baseline for future research, including comparative and evolutionary studies among these and other bird-of-paradise species. Subjects Animal Behavior, Biodiversity, Zoology Keywords Display behavior, Visual signaling, Acoustic signaling, Video analysis, New Guinea, Courtship phenotype Submitted 20 July 2017 Accepted 12 October 2017 INTRODUCTION Published 8 November 2017 The birds-of-paradise (Aves: Paradisaeidae) are a well known, sexually selected, Corresponding author radiation of species, celebrated for their bewildering diversity of courtship behaviors Edwin Scholes,
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[email protected] and exotic plumages (Frith & Beehler, 1998; Scholes, 2008a; Laman & Scholes, 2012).