Mosquitoes Johnson County Health Department Amber Terhune, RN, BSN, Health Educator October 2017 About Mosquitoes
One of the deadliest animals in world
Cause millions of deaths worldwide each year
Around over 200 million years
About 175 species in the United States
CDC. Mosquito Control: Mosquito Life Cycle, n.d. https://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/MosquitoLifecycle.pdf Mosquito Bites
Only female mosquitoes feed on blood for protein
Select food source by:
Scent Exhaled CO₂ Human sweat chemicals Detecting body heat
Stoller-Conrad, Jessica. Caltech. Mosquitoes Use Smell to See Their Hosts, 16 Jul. 2015. http://www.caltech.edu/news/mosquitoes-use- smell-see-their-hosts-47338 Common Bite Reactions
Swelling
Soreness
Redness
Prime Health Channel. Mosquito Bites- Pictures, Itch, Swelling, Prevention and Treatment, 15 Mar. 2011. http://www.primehealthchannel.com/mosquito- bites-pictures-itch-swelling-prevention-and-treatment.html Severe Bite Reactions
Skeeter Syndrome
Hives
Fever
Large area of swelling
Blisters and bruising
Swollen lymph nodes
Anaphylaxis Allergic to Mosquito Bites. Skeeter Syndrome: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention, n.d. http://allergictomosquitobites.com/skeeter- syndrome-symptoms-treatment-prevention.html When To See A Doctor
Any signs of infection Headache Fever
Neck stiffness Vomiting
Nausea Body aches
Adbukovsky. Adbukovsky’s Blog. Cellulitis/Abscess From a Mosquito Bite …. FML, 24 Aug. 2013. https://adbukovsky.wordpress.com/2013/08/24/cellulitis- from-a-mosquito-bite/ Mosquito Bite Relief
Topicals Oral Antihistamines Cool Compress
Pinterest. Treatment for Mosquito Bites, n.d. https://www.pinterest.com/explore/treatment-for-mosquito-bites/ Mosquito-Borne Diseases
Transmitted by Aedes, Anopheles, & Culex Mosquitoes
Chikungunya Rift Valley Fever
Dengue Fever St. Louis Encephalitis
Eastern Equine Encephalitis West Nile Virus
Japanese Encephalitis Western Equine Encephalitis
La Crosse Encephalitis Yellow Fever
Malaria Zika Virus Chikungunya (CHIKV)
Found in Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas
Almost 2 million cases reported worldwide
No vaccine or treatment
Incubation period 3-7 days
Rarely fatal Health.mil. Zika Virus and Sexual Transmission, n.d. https://health.mil/News/Gallery/Infographics/201 6/06/21/Zika-Virus-and-Sexual-Transmission Dengue Fever
Found in Asia, Africa, Caribbean, United States
390 million people infected every year
No vaccine or treatment
Incubation period 4-7 days
25% develop symptoms
Life of Muslim. Dengue Fever Symptoms-The Symptoms of Dengue May become fatal Fever, 30 Sep. 2011. http://www.lifeofmuslim.com/2011/09/dengue- fever-symptoms-symptoms-of.html Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEEV)
Found in Atlantic and Gulf Mild Symptoms: Coast States, Great Lakes Fever Region, Central and South Headache America, Caribbean Sore throat
Average 8 cases per year in Severe Symptoms: United States Seizures Coma No vaccine or treatment Death Brain inflammation Incubation period 4-10 days Permanent brain 1/3 with severe disease die damage
WebMD. Encephalitis, 22 May 2015. https://www.webmd.com/brain/encephalitis Japanese Encephalitis (JEV)
Found in East and Southeast Asia, Australia
About 68,000 cases each year
Vaccine available
No treatment
Incubation period 5-15 days
Reynolds, Ross & Hurst, Andy. KUOW. Seattle Non-Profit’s Role in Newly Approved Vaccine For Deadly Brain Disease, 7 Nov. 2013. http://kuow.org/post/seattle-non- profits-role-newly-approved-vaccine-deadly-brain-disease La Crosse Encephalitis (LACV)
Found in Appalachian and Midwestern regions of U.S.
About 90 cases each year
No vaccine or treatment
Incubation period 5-15 days More severe: Seizures Coma
Paralysis Matsko, MD, Chris M. WikiHow. How to Get Rid of a Sinus Headache, 2017. https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Rid-of-a-Sinus-Headache Permanent brain damage Malaria
Severe cases: Coma Found in Africa, India, Southeast Death Asia, Middle East, Oceania, Central & South America
Around thousands of years
More than 400,000 deaths worldwide every year
Pre- and post-disease treatment available
Incubation period 7-30 days MPHARMA Co Ltd. Malaria, Mar. 2014. http://mpharmaco.com/Malaria.html Rift Valley Fever (RVFD)
Found in Africa and Middle East
No vaccine or treatment
Incubation period 2-6 days
Kerkar, MD, Pramod. ePainAssist. What Are the Symptoms of Rift Valley Fever & Who is at Risk? 10 Jul, 2017. https://www.epainassist.com/infections/symptoms-of-rift-valley-fever St. Louis Encephalitis (SLEV)
Fever Found in United States, Headache Canada, Mexico
No vaccine or treatment Inflammation Incubation period 5-15 days
Case fatality rate 5-15%
Severe cases: Stupor Convulsions Kerkar, MD, Pramod. ePainAssist. St. Louis Encephalitis: Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Prevention, Coma Neck stiffness Risk Factors, 1 Aug. 2016. https://www.epainassist.com/brain/st-louis-encephalitis Tremors Spastic Paralysis West Nile Virus (WNV)
Found in Western Mediterranean, Africa, Middle East, Europe, United States
Millions of cases reported
No vaccine or treatment
Incubation period 3-15 days
Severe illness or death more common over 50 years old
Mosquito Magnet. How to Get Rid of Mosquitoes, 2017. http://www.mosquitomagnet.com/advice/mosquito-info/control-methods Western Equine Encephalitis (WEEV)
Found in United States, Canada, South America Severe illness: Coma Less than 700 cases in U.S. Encephalitis since 1964 Death No vaccine or treatment
Incubation period 5-10 days
Gochipmunk.com. West Nile Virus Case fatality rate 5-15% in the United States, 21 Jan. 2004. http://www.gochipmunk.com/ht ml/westni_1.html Yellow Fever
Found in tropical areas of Africa and South America
Estimated 200,000 illnesses worldwide each year
Vaccine available
No treatment
Incubation period 3-6 days
VisualDx. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, n.d. https://www.visualdx.com/public-health/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers Zika Virus (ZIKV)
Found in about 40 countries
No vaccine or treatment
Incubation period days to a week
Hospitalization uncommon
Death very rare
Pregnant women should avoid endemic areas Edvotek. Outbreak! Zika Testing Using the Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), 21 Nov. 2016. http://www.edvotek.com/Outbreak-Zika-Testing- Using-the-Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay-ELISA Prevent Mosquito Breeding
Re/Max Infinity. Mosquito Control, 29 Apr. 2015. http://rmxipm.com/mosq uito-control/ Prevent Mosquito Bites
CDC. Mosquito Bite Prevention (United States), 10 Jul, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/zika/pdfs/fs_mosquito_bite_prevention_us.pdf
CDC. Mosquito Bite Prevention for Travelers, 13 Oct. 2016. https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/pdfs/fs_mosquito_bite_prevention_travelers.pdf References
American Mosquito Control Association. “Mosquito-Borne Diseases.” Mosquito.org, n.d. http://www.mosquito.org/. Accessed 14 Sep. 2017. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Avoid Mosquito Bites.” CDC.gov, 7 Dec. 2016. https://www.cdc.gov/features/stopmosquitoes/index.html. Accessed 14 Sep. 2017. Indiana State Department of Health. “West Nile Virus.” IN.gov, n.d. http://www.in.gov/isdh/files/wnvbrochure.pdf. Accessed 15 Sep. 2017. Mayo Clinic. “Mosquito Bites.” MayoClinic.org, 22 Oct. 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mosquito-bites/basics/definition/con-20032350. Accessed 14 Sep. 2017. Mega Catch. “Mosquito Diseases.” MegaCatch.com, 2017. https://www.megacatch.com/mosquito-faqs/mosquito-diseases.html. Accessed 14 Sep. 2017. Mosquito Magnet. “Mosquito Fun Facts.” MosquitoMagnet.com, 2017. http://www.mosquitomagnet.com/advice/mosquito-info. Accessed 14 Sep. 2017. World Health Organization. “Neglected Tropical Diseases: Mosquito-Borne Diseases.” WHO.int, Oct. 2017. http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/vector_ecology/mosquito-borne-diseases/en/. Accessed 14 Sep. 2017.