Higher Education Dynamics

Volume 47

Series Editors Peter Maassen, University of Oslo, Norway Johan Müller, Graduate School of Humanities, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa

Editorial Board Alberto Amaral, CIPES and Universidade do Porto, Portugal Akira Arimoto, Hiroshima University, Japan Nico Cloete, CHET, Pretoria, South Africa David Dill, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA Jürgen Enders, University of Bath, United Kingdom Patricia Gumport, Stanford University, USA Mary Henkel, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom Glen Jones, University of Toronto, Canada Scope of the Series Higher Education Dynamics is a book series intending to study adaptation processes and their outcomes in higher education at all relevant levels. In addition it wants to examine the way interactions between these levels affect adaptation processes. It aims at applying general social science concepts and theories as well as testing theories in the fi eld of higher education research. It wants to do so in a manner that is of relevance to all those professionally involved in higher education, be it as ministers, policy-makers, politicians, institutional leaders or administrators, higher education researchers, members of the academic staff of universities and colleges, or students. It will include both mature and developing systems of higher education, covering public as well as private institutions.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6037 Jetta Frost • Fabian Hattke • Markus Reihlen Editors

Multi-Level Governance in Universities Strategy, Structure, Control Editors Jetta Frost Fabian Hattke Organization and Management Organization and Management University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany

Markus Reihlen Strategic Management Leuphana University of Lüneburg Lüneburg , Germany

ISSN 1571-0378 ISSN 2215-1923 (electronic) Higher Education Dynamics ISBN 978-3-319-32676-4 ISBN 978-3-319-32678-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32678-8

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016942866

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland Contents

Multi-Level Governance in Universities: Strategy, Structure, Control ..... 1 Jetta Frost , Fabian Hattke , and Markus Reihlen

Part I Strategy Institutional Change of European Higher Education: The Case of Post-War Germany ...... 19 Markus Reihlen and Ferdinand Wenzlaff Academic Entrepreneurialism and Changing Governance in Universities. Evidence from Empirical Studies ...... 49 Marek Kwiek Higher Education in the Knowledge Society: Miracle or Mirage? ...... 75 Mats Alvesson and Mats Benner

Part II Structure Changing Professions? The Professionalization of Management in Universities ...... 95 Marie Boitier and Anne Rivière From Voluntary Collective Action to Organized Collaboration? The Provision of Public Goods in Pluralistic Organizations ...... 115 Fabian Hattke , Steffen Blaschke , and Jetta Frost Universities, Governance, and Business Schools ...... 141 J. -C. Spender

Part III Control Professional and Organizational Commitment in Universities: from Judgmental to Developmental Performance Management ...... 173 Julia Weiherl and Jetta Frost

v vi Contents

Current Developments at Higher Education Institutions and Interview-Based Recommendations to Foster Work Motivation and Work Performance ...... 193 Stefanie Ringelhan , Jutta Stumpf-Wollersheim , and Isabell M. Welpe Is It Possible to Assess Progress in Science? ...... 215 Isabel Bögner , Jessica Petersen , and Alfred Kieser

Part IV Outlook When Professional and Organizational Logics Collide: Balancing Invisible and Visible Colleges in Institutional Complexity ...... 235 Fabian Hattke , Rick Vogel , and Hendrik Woiwode About the Authors

Mats Alvesson works with organization studies at Lund University, University of Queensland and Cass Business School, London. He has written about 30 books on refl exive methodology, organization culture, leadership, knowledge-intensive fi rms and critical management studies.

Mats Benner is a professor of science policy studies at Lund University and at KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, and has published widely on uni- versity governance, research policy models and policy advice for education and research.

Steffen Blaschke is an associate professor in Organizational Communication at the Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. His research interests are structures and dynamics of organizational communication, the communicative constitution of agency and computational simulations in organization studies. He has published on organizations, communication and networks in Organization Studies, Management Communication Quarterly, Journal of Management Inquiry, Higher Education and other leading academic journals.

Isabel Bögner is PhD candidate and research assistant at the Chair of Management Theory at Zeppelin University where she is associated with a research project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. In 2014, she received her diploma in business administration and intercultural management from Jena University with a focus on organization theory, intercultural studies and inter- national management. Her research interests are revisiting peer-review processes and performance appraisal in science.

Marie Boitier is full professor in Management Accounting and Control at Toulouse Business School. She recently received her habilitation from the University of Montpellier. Her researches deal with the way management control systems are both objects and drivers of organizational and social changes, especially in context of major institutional changes at the macro level.

vii viii About the Authors

Jetta Frost is vice-president for academic search and staff development as well as full professor of Organization and Management at the University of Hamburg, Germany. She was the founding director of the Centre for a Sustainable University (KNU). Jetta Frost received her PhD and Habilitation at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. She manages two collaborative research projects on higher education studies that are funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Her current research interests are knowledge governance in universities and multidivisional fi rms, the design and development of anti-corruption rules and strategic solutions for value creation management.

Fabian Hattke is interim professor for Organization and Management at the University of Hamburg, Germany, and associate member of the Center for Higher Education and Science Studies at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. He holds a doctoral degree in Management Science from University of Hamburg and a master’s degree in Economics from . He is guest lecturer at the University of Basel and has held visiting positions at the University of Bournemouth, the University of Zurich, Copenhagen Business School and Zeppelin University . His research interests include the management of pub- lic organizations with a special focus on public sector professionals. Fabian Hattke is associated with two research projects on university governance, which are funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

Alfred Kieser is professor emeritus of the , Mannheim, Germany, and a guest research professor at Zeppelin University, Friedrichshafen, Germany. He received his PhD and habilitation in organization theory from the . His research interests include organizational innovation, the history of organization, organizational evolution, cross-cultural comparisons of organizations, management fashions, consulting and organizational learning. He has published in Administration Science Quarterly, Academy of Management Annals, Journal of Management Inquiry, Organization Science, Organization Studies, Organization and in German journals. He received honorary doctoral degrees from the University of Munich and from the Corvinus University, Budapest, and is a member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences.

Marek Kwiek holds a UNESCO Chair in Institutional Research and Higher Education Policy at the University of Poznan, Poland. His recent monograph is ‘Knowledge Production in European Universities: States, Markets, and Academic Entrepreneurialism’ (2013). His research interests include university governance, academic entrepreneurialism and the academic profession. He published 150 papers and 8 monographs, mostly internationally (Higher Education, Studies in Higher Education, Science and Public Policy, Comparative Higher Education). He has been a partner in 20 international research projects, and he is an editorial board member of Higher Education Quarterly, European Educational Research Journal, British Educational Research Journal and European Journal of Higher Education. About the Authors ix

Jessica Petersen is PhD candidate and research assistant at the Chair of Public Management at University of Hamburg where she is associated with a research project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. In 2014, she received a master’s degree in business administration from Kiel University with a focus on organization theory, marketing and technology management. Her research interests are performance appraisal and innovation in science.

Markus Reihlen is vice-president and professor of Strategic Management at Leuphana University of Lüneburg as well as international research fellow at the Centre for Professonal Service Firms at the University of Oxford. He is the author and co-editor of seven books on innovation, process management, networks and alliances, internationalization of professional services, entrepreneurship of profes- sional service fi rms, and more recently two books (including this one) on university governance. His research interests are at the crossroads of professional organiza- tions and research in strategic management, organization theory and international business. His academic work has appeared in such journals as the Journal of Management Studies, Research in the Sociology of Organizations, International Journal of Human Resource Management and the Scandinavian Journal of Management.

Stefanie Ringelhan was research associate at the Chair for Strategy and Organization at Technische Universität München in Munich, Germany. Her research interests cover the area of performance management in knowledge-intensive orga- nizations as well as organizational behaviour. She worked on the research project ‘Pay Professors for Performance?! Entwicklung eines neuen Anreizsystems für Forschende und Lehrende an Hochschulen’, which was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, as well as in the research projects ‘The Many Faces of Academic Success: Leistung und Anreize in Forschung und Lehre (FAceS)’ and ‘Einrichtung einer Koordinierungsstelle der BMBF-Förderlinie Leistungsbewertung in der Wissenschaft’, both also funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.

Anne Rivière is full professor of Accounting at Toulouse Business School (TBS). Her research interests are performance management, discourse analysis and organi- zational change, in connection with macro social changes in both private and public organizations. Her academic work has been published in such journals as Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Public Money and Management and Comptabilité-Contrôle-Audit.

J.-C. Spender retired as dean of the School of Business and Technology at FIT/ SUNY in 2003. He is now research professor at Kozminski University in Warsaw and holds visiting appointments at University of Calabria, Cranfi eld, ESADE, Open University, University Campus Suffolk, and is on the faculty of the International School of Management, Paris. J.-C. has published widely 8 books and over 100 journal articles and book chapters. He was awarded, jointly with Rob Grant x About the Authors

(Bocconi U), the 2006 Strategic Management Society’s Best SMJ Paper Prize for the 1996 Special Issue on Knowledge Management. His most recent book is ‘Business Strategy: Managing Uncertainty, Opportunity, and Enterprise’ (Oxford UP 2014). It is about managing a business’s creative responses to uncertainty, com- pleting the project begun in his PhD. He continues to write about the theory of the fi rm, strategy and the history of management education. In 2014, he was awarded an honorary by the Lund University School of Economics and Management.

Jutta Stumpf-Wollersheim is a research associate at the Chair for Strategy and Organization at Technische Universität München in Munich, Germany. Her research interests include organizational design and performance management in knowledge- intensive organizations. She worked on the research project ‘Pay Professors for Performance?! Entwicklung eines neuen Anreizsystems für Forschende und Lehrende an Hochschulen’, which was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Currently, she is a project leader on the research projects ‘The Many Faces of Academic Success: Leistung und Anreize in Forschung und Lehre (FAceS)’ and ‘Einrichtung einer Koordinierungsstelle der BMBF-Förderlinie Leistungsbewertung in der Wissenschaft’, both funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Additionally, she is a member of the Young Scholars Program of the Bavarian Academy of Humanities and Sciences.

Rick Vogel has held the Chair of Public Management at University of Hamburg since 2015. His current most important fi elds of research are public sector leader- ship, mixed governance and institutional change in the public sector. Prior to his call to Hamburg, Rick was full professor at Zeppelin University in Friedrichshafen at Lake Constance. In addition to his extensive scientifi c expertise, Rick Vogel also possesses multifaceted practical experience, thanks to his 7 years of professional practice as a consultant in administrative modernization and benchmarking in the public sector.

Julia Weiherl works as an HR expert for development and engagement projects at a German Dax company. She holds a PhD from the University of Hamburg, Germany a Master of Science (with Distinction) in Organizational Behaviour from the Aston Business School, Birmingham, UK and a Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration and Chinese from the University of Applied Science, Constance, Germany. Her research interests include deviant behaviour among public servants and perfor- mance management in public organization.

Isabell M. Welpe holds the Chair for Strategy and Organization at Technische Universität München in Munich, Germany. Her research interests are organizational design and behavior, governance, strategic innovation and entrepreneurship, as well as the role of digital technologies and social media for and in organizations. She led the research project ‘Pay Professors for Performance?! Entwicklung eines neuen Anreizsystems für Forschende und Lehrende an Hochschulen’ and currently leads, among other projects, the research project ‘Einrichtung einer Koordinierungsstelle About the Authors xi der BMBF-Förderlinie Leistungsbewertung in der Wissenschaft’, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Since October 2014, she has been the scientifi c director of the Bavarian State Institute for Higher Education Research and Planning in Munich, Germany.

Ferdinand Wenzlaff currently holds a position at the presidential administration of the University of Hamburg in the fi eld of strategic planning. He studied business administration and economics at Chemnitz University of Technology was research assistant at the chair of Strategic Management at Leuphana University of Lüneburg. His doctoral thesis aims at further understanding the linkages of macro level insti- tutional change in the higher education fi eld and organizational transformations of universities. His research interests cover organization theory, institutional theory, economic sociology and economic theory.

Hendrik Woiwode is research assistant at the Chair of Organization and Management at University of Hamburg. He studied social sciences (sociology, poli- tics and social psychology) at University Bielefeld and Leibniz University, Hannover. His research interests cover science studies, organization theory and management research. Currently, he is engaged in the joint research project ‘IndiKon-Integrative Steuerung von Visible und Invisible Colleges: Konfi gurationen von Leistungsindikatoren in der Wissenschaft’, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.