Index

Abbasi, Feroz, 21 orders to soldiers, 35–37, 78, 84, ABC/Washington Post, 1 97, 112–117 Abu Ghraib, 105–106, 138–139 publicity about detainee abuse, Army Family Readiness Group 61–64, 67–69, 71–73 (FRG) and, 73–75 Tier One, 65, 97 arraignments of U.S. soldiers, U.S. public opinion about, 1–2, 75–76 6–7, 41–43, 106–107 closure of,COPYRIGHTED 128–129 welcome MATERIAL home ceremonies and, Cumberland (Maryland) 93–96, 129–130 reaction to, 71–84, 89, 91 See also Bennett, Larry; Darby, hunger strikes at, 119–120 Joe; Duffy, Andrew; England, in-processing center, Lynndie; McGuire, Jeremy; 110–112, 117 torture tactics investigations at 61, 66–67, Adams, Bob, 100, 102 71–72, 121, 125–126 Ahmed, Rhuhel, 24–25

247

bbindex.inddindex.indd 247247 44/10/10/10/10 112:38:172:38:17 PMPM 248 INDEX

Alliant Tech, 80, 83 Artiga, Victor, 125 al Qaeda, 14 Associated Press, 51 American Medical Association, 113 asylum, 156 antiwar activism, 41–43 “asymmetric warfare,” 181 by Arendt, 208–211, 216, 221–223, 225–233 Bagram prison (Afghanistan), 3 in Cumberland, Maryland, Bartlett, Roscoe, 94 86–87 Bartly, Don, 135 by Duffy, 141–144, 146–148, Begg, Moazzam, 225–226, 228, 151–154 232–233 Iraq Veterans Against the War Behavioral Science Consultation (IVAW), 141–144 Teams (“biscuits”), 120 by Neely, 41–43, 45–57 Bennett, Larry, 99–100 Arabs in the United States, hate Big Claw (Cumberland, crimes against, 90 Maryland), 76, 85, 87–88 Archives of General Psychiatry, 4 Bin Attash, Walid, 121 Arendt, Chris, 237, 240 Blank, Margaret, 67 abuse incident and, 177–179, Bolinger, Jason, 100–101 232–233 Bolinger, Melissa, 101 antiwar activism of, 208–211, Bush, George W., 133 216, 221–223, 225–233 on end of Iraq War combat, 109 biographical information, 169, on “global war on terror,” 90 170, 214–219 International Criminal Court civilian employment of, and, 239 204–205, 212 September 11, 2001 terrorist deployment of, 172–173 attacks and, 171 enlistment of, 169–173, Byrd, Robert, 80 219–221 Guantanamo Bay responsibilities California National Guard, 125 of, 161–168, 173–185, Camp Anaconda (Iraq), 67 187–192 Camp Cropper (Iraq), 129 PTSD and, 192–195, 197–204, Camp Delta (Guantanamo Bay, 205, 211–213 Cuba), 12, 23, 162, 187 return home by, 168–169, Camp Echo (Guantanamo Bay, 204–213, 221–223 Cuba), 187 Armed Services Vocational Camp Nama (Iraq), 121 Aptitude Battery test, 108 Camp Victory (Iraq), 129 Army Family Readiness Group Camp X-Ray (Guantanamo Bay, (FRG), 73–75 Cuba), 13–14 Arocho-Burkart, Jeanette, 167 Camus, Albert, 5

bbindex.inddindex.indd 248248 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:1812:38:18 PMPM INDEX 249

Canada, 156 Darby, Bernadette, 68, 75 C&J Cycles, 81 Darby, Joe Carroll, Maxine, 68 Abu Ghraib responsibilities of, Celanese, 79 64–67 Center for Constitutional Donald Rumsfeld and, 63, 67 Rights, 126 enlistment of, 63–64 Cheney, Dick, 90, 237 threats against, 62, 78, 82–84, Abu Ghraib orders, 84 98–99 on Guantanamo Bay, 41 as “whistleblower,” 61–69 children, as prisoners, 24 See also Abu Ghraib; CIA Cumberland, Maryland “black sites,” 82, 121 Davis, Brandon, 76 and doctor assisted torture, 121 Davis, Javal, 75–76 interrogation by, 166 Davis, Ken, 101–102 CNN, 67, 76 Debatto, David, 125 codes of silence, 51–52, 149, 150 “degradation tactics,” 167 Coito, Nedra, 215, 217, 230–232 Delta Block (Guantanamo Bay), 180 Comer, Keith, 66 depression. See post-traumatic stress Comer, Linda, 62, 73–75, 76, disorder (PTSD); suicide 78, 95 detainees Comer, Mickey, 94 accounts of torture by, 33, 47 conscientious objector status, 172 anonymity of, 163–164, 182, Coppa, Selena, 150 184–185, 190 Corriganville, Maryland, 84 defi ned, 14 Corsetti, Damien, 3 Guantanamo Bay arrival of, Courage to Resist, 42, 45 14–18, 49–50 Craddock, Bantz J., 182 hunger strikes by, 119, 182–183, Crawford, Bill, 71–72, 94, 96 identity of, 24–25, 163 Cresaptown, Maryland, 85 innocence of, 48–49, 183 Cumberland, Maryland, 78–82, See also individual names 86–87, 236 Detention Operation Center Abu Ghraib publicity about, (DOC) (Guantanamo Bay, 72–73 Cuba), 187–195 civilian jobs in, 78–80, 88–89, Diaz, Matthew, 126 97–98 documentation, 115–116 Joe Darby and, 62, 78, 82–84, Abu Ghraib closure and, 98–99 128–129 media portrayal of, 77–78 of interrogation tactics, 166–167 Cunningham, Thomas, 75 photos of abuse, 65–67, 74, “cup poems,” 192–193 125–126, 154

bbindex.inddindex.indd 249249 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:1912:38:19 PMPM 250 INDEX

Dossari, Jumah al-, 20–21, 33, 47, Etchinson, Craig, 87, 101 55–57 “Ex-Guardsman Denounces Gitmo” Dost, Shaikh Abdurraheem (newspaper article), 226 Muslim, 193 Driver, Alan, 3 FBI, 126, 166 drug abuse Ferguson prison (Texas), 38 PTSD and, 198, 200 Fiedler, Lee N., 94 recruitment and, 172 Ford, Frank, 125 Duffy, Andrew, 208, 238 Fort Dix, New Jersey, 173 Abu Ghraib responsibilities of, Fort Hood, Texas, 13, 34 105–107, 110–122, 123–131, Fort Lee Army Base, Virginia, 93 139–141, 153, 154–156 Fox News, 41 antiwar activism of, 141–144, Frederick, Ivan “Chip,” 72, 84 146–148, 151–154 arraignment of, 75–76 biographical information, Cumberland (Maryland) support 107–108, 132, 137 of, 74 civilian employment of, trial of, 35 144–145 Freese, Gary, 152–153 enlistment of, 107–110 FreeSpeech TV, 221 PTSD and, 130–136, 144–146, Frost State University 151–154 (Maryland), 86 on redeployment, 156–157 return home by, 129–136, Geneva Conventions, 4, 14, 23, 89 137–139 medical personnel and, 112–117 as “whistleblower,” 149–154 U.S. public opinion and, 2 Goin, Destiny, 77 Eagles Club (Cumberland, Gonzales, Alberto, 14 Maryland), 85, 86 Good Morning America, 68 Elliot, Robert, 66 Graffy, Colleen, 182 Enemy Combatant (Begg), 225–226 Graham, Becca, 75 Engelbach, Colin, 83–84 Graner, Charles, 3, 69, 77, 84, 97 England, Josh, 77 Abu Ghraib photos taken by, England, Kenneth, 72 65–67, 74, 125–126 England, Lynndie, 34, 71–72 85, arraignment of, 75–76 98, 99 Guantanamo Bay, 11, 13–14, Cumberland (Maryland) support 33–34, 161–165 of, 74, 77–78 Behavioral Science Consultation media publicity and, 71, 76 Teams (“biscuits”), 120–121 “environmental manipulation,” 238 Brandon Neely and, 13–27 Esquire, 211 Camp Delta, 12, 23, 162, 187

bbindex.inddindex.indd 250250 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:1912:38:19 PMPM INDEX 251

Delta Block, 180 Harris, Harry, Jr., 181 detainee arrival day (January 11, “harsh techniques,” 3–4 2002), 14–18 hate crimes, 90 detainee names leaked, 126 medical ethics, 113, 119, 121 Detention Operation Center medical exams at Guantanamo (DOC), 187–195 Bay, 20, 22 guard responsibilities, 165–168, medics and, 108–109, 119–122, 180–182 127, 174–175 (See also Duffy, hunger strikes, 182–183 Andrew) identity of detainees and, mental health assessment of 24–25, 163 soldiers, 203–204 Initial Reaction Force (IRF), orders to medical personnel and, 19–22, 174–175, 229 112–117 International Red Cross psychiatric commitment of inspections, 18–19 soldiers and, 150, 176 interrogation procedures, “torture lite” tactics and, 4 165–168, 174–175, 179–180, Hersh, Seymour, 67 183, 188 Hicks, David, 33 lack of early publicity about, 26 Hippocratic Oath, 113, 121 living conditions in, 162–163 Hogan (soldier), 143 orders to soldiers, 14, 17–18, “homecoming stress,” 94 23–24, 175–177, 188, 209 Hubbard, Stephen, 66 Oscar Block, 165 Hull, Daniel, 87 plans for closure, 54 hunger strikes, 119–120, 182–183 pole incident at, 177–179 Hussein, Saddam, 64, 173 reporting abuse at, 175–177 Hutto, Jonathan, 151 Standard Operations Procedures Hyndman, Maryland, 75, 85 (SOP) manual, 23, 167–168, 174–175, 187 Iko, Ifeanyi, 80 U.S. public opinion about, 199 improvised explosive devices welcome-home ceremonies and, (IEDs), 30–32 25–27 Individual Ready Reserve See also Arendt, Chris; detainees; (IRR), 157 Neely, Brandon; torture Initial Reaction Force (IRF), tactics; U.S. Army 19–22, 174–175, 229 International Criminal Court, 239 habeas corpus rights, 126 International Red Cross, 4, 71, Halliburton, 30, 39 112, 228 Hamilton, James D., 6 Guantanamo Bay inspections Harman, Sabrina, 84 by, 18–19

bbindex.inddindex.indd 251251 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:1912:38:19 PMPM 252 INDEX

International Red Cross (continued ) KBR (Halliburton), 30 on interrogation tactics, Kelly Tires, 79, 82 167–168 Kennedy, Karol, 93 on waterboarding, 121 Kershner, John, 87–89 interrogation, 116–117 Keyser, West Virginia, 85 Behavioral Science Consultation Klinestiver, Jessica, 77 Teams (“biscuits”), 120–121 Kokesh, Adam, 157 documentation of, 166–167 Krueger, Roger, 95–96 Guantanamo Bay procedures, Kyle (Duffy’s friend), 133 165–168, 174–175, 179–180, 183, 188 Lagouranis, Tony, 117 Iowa National Guard, 105, 153. Landaker, Tom, 75 See also Duffy, Andrew Lansing State Journal, 227, 232 Iraq Veterans Against the War Lehman, Barb, 82 (IVAW), 141–144, 151, 212 Lifton, Robert Jay, 114 Andrew Duffy and, 141–144, lighting, used at Guantanamo 151–154 Bay, 16, 180 Chris Arendt and, 208–211, Linaburg, Jimmy, 81 216, 221–223, 225–233 Winter Soldier event (2008), Maddow, Rachel, 51 143, 208–211, 216, Maloney, Ed, 95 221–223, 225 Marcos, Ferdinand, 87 Iraq War, 27 McArtor, Eric, 112, 116, 143, antiterrorism motivation 151–154 for, 128 McBride, Shawn, 227 as “global war on terror,” 90 McCain, John, 46 house raids and, 55 McClarran, Becky, 75, 76, 91–92 IED events, 30–32 McGovern, Ray, 87 public opinion of, in McGuire, Jeremy, 66, 71–72, 98 Cumberland, Maryland, 81 McGuire, Mickey, 71–72, 96–99 WMD motivation of, 46, 101 McKee, Tassi, 151 See also Abu Ghraib medics, 108–109, 120–122, 174–175. See also Duffy, Jake (Arendt’s friend), 161, 191, Andrew; health issues 200, 206 mental health Johnson, Clifford, 79 assessment of soldiers, 203–204 Johnson, Lyndon B., 78–79 military support for families Joint Task Force at Guantanamo and, 29 Bay, 164, 181 psychiatric commitment of Jones, Janette, 82 soldiers and, 150, 176

bbindex.inddindex.indd 252252 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2012:38:20 PMPM INDEX 253

Miles, Steven H., 116 Neumark, Larry, 86–87 Milgram, Stanley, 35–37 New England Journal of Military Medical Ethics Medicine, 114 (U.S. Army), 113 New Yorker, 67 military police (MP). See Neely, New York Times, 151, 181, 204 Brandon; 372nd National Nissen, Andrew, 127, 132, 155 Guard unit “nonjudicial punishment,” 150 Military Whistleblower Protection no-touch torture techniques, 57 Act, 150 Miller, Geoffrey, 35, 120 Obama, Barack, 46, 54 Mizak, Danny, 91–92 134th medical company, Iowa Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh, 121 National Guard, 105. See also MSNBC, 51 Duffy, Andrew Muhammed, Abdul Majid “Triple Oscar Block (Guantanamo Nickel,” 183 Bay, Cuba), 165 Mullaney, Ed, 81 music, used at Guantanamo panic attacks, 197. See also Bay, 16, 166 post-traumatic stress disorder Muslims, hate crimes against, 90 (PTSD) Pappas, Thomas, 121 National Guard patriotism, public opinion and, 90 California National Guard, 125 Pentagon. See U.S. Department of deployment of, 171–172 Defense image of, 169 Peterson, Alyssa, 6 Iowa National Guard, 105, 153 Pew Research Center, 2 372nd National Guard unit, 65, Phenix, Jessica, 215, 220 71, 93, 99 Phillips, Joshua E. S., 148 Nazis, 46, 113 Pittman, Gary, 2 Neely, Brandon, 236–237 Pittsburgh Plate Glass, 79 antiwar activism by, 41–43, 45–57 post-traumatic stress disorder civilian jobs of, 37–40, 51–52 (PTSD), 144–146 enlistment of, 11–13 Andrew Duffy and, 130–136, Guantanamo Bay responsibilities 144–146, 151–154 of, 13–27 Brandon Neely and, 38, 40–41, Iraq War responsibilities of, 27, 47, 49 29–37 Chris Arendt and, 197–204, PTSD and, 37–41, 52–54 205, 211–213 as whistleblower, 49–52 “homecoming stress” and, 94 Neely, Melissa, 53 postdeployment assessment of Neely, Wendy, 26–27, 43, 52–53 soldiers, 203–204

bbindex.inddindex.indd 253253 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2012:38:20 PMPM 254 INDEX

Powell, Colin, 128 Simico, Mike, 82 prisoners Sivits, Daniel, 72, 75 euphemisms for, 14 Sivits, Jeremy, 72 “prisoners of war,” defi ned, 24 arraignment of, 75–77 See also detainees conviction of, 100 Provance, Samuel, 125–126 Cumberland (Maryland) support of, 74 Qahtani, Mohammed, al-, Sivits, Sissy, 72, 76–77 120–121, 167 Smith, Starsky, 20–21, 32–34, 48 “softening up,” 3–4 recruitment, 43, 78 solitary confi nement, 47–48 Abu Ghraib and, 74 at Guantanamo Bay, 165, 168 appeal of violence and, 74, 117 Standard Operations Procedures drug abuse and, 172 (SOP) manual for Guantanamo Bay and, 162 Guantanamo, 23, 167–168, signing bonuses and, 108 174–175, 187 Re-Entry clinic, 100 Stanford Prison Experiment Reese, Donald, 95 (1971), 35–37 riot squads. See Initial Reaction Stars and Stripes, 51, 127 Force (IRF) Stop-Loss (fi lm), 42 Ross, Mike, 169, 227–230 suicide and attempts Rumsfeld, Donald, 1–2, 237 by detainees, 47, 119–120, 181 Abu Ghraib orders, 84 by soldiers, 6, 101–102, Joe Darby and, 63, 67 194–195, 204 on medical personnel involvement See also post-traumatic stress in interrogations, 121 disorder (PTSD) “Support the Troops” movement, Sanchez, Ricardo, 35 133–134 Sarge. See Kershner, John Sawyer, Diane, 68 Texas prison system, 38–40 Schulte, Sarah, 134–136, 138, 372nd National Guard unit, 65, 140–141, 144–146, 147, 156 71, 93, 99. See also Abu sensory deprivation, 15 Ghraib; Bennett, Larry; September 11, 2001, terrorist Comer, Mickey; Cumberland, attacks Maryland; Darby, Joe; Brandon Neely and, 113 McGuire, Jeremy; McGuire, Iraq War inception and, 90 Mickey nationalism and, 171 Tokyo Declaration (World Medical United 93 (fi lm), 56 Association), 113 U.S. public opinion and, 2 Tornberg, David, 122

bbindex.inddindex.indd 254254 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2012:38:20 PMPM INDEX 255

Toronto Star, 82 University of California–Davis, torture tactics, 13–18, 21–23 47, 50 accountability and, 235–240 University of Iowa, 146–147 defi ned, by U.S. law, 24 University of Minnesota Medical effect of, on perpetrators, 5–7 School, 116 effi cacy of, 237–240 U.S. Air Force, 151 euphemisms for torture, 3–4 U.S. Army, 149–151 lighting as, 16, 180 Army Family Readiness Group music as, 16, 21 (FRG) and, 73–75 no-touch torture techniques, 57 Criminal Investigations Division photos of torture, 65–67, 74, (CID), 62, 66, 72, 125–126, 125–126, 154 153, 154–156 prayer by detainees and, 34 Individual Ready Reserve psychological research about, (IRR), 157 35–37 lack of supplies and, 114–116, psychological torture and, 118, 128–129 180–181 Military Medical Ethics, 113 saline solution administered to orders of, at Abu Ghraib, 35–37, detainees, 127 78, 84, 97, 112–117 sleep deprivation as, 55, 106, 189 orders of, at Guantanamo Bay, stress positions as, 167 14, 17–18, 23–24, 175–177, “torture lite” and, 3–4 188, 209 Torture Memos and, 14, survey on ethics (2008) and, 123 121–122 treason and, 202, 230 use of shackles for, 17 See also Abu Ghraib; waterboarding, 121 Guantanamo Bay; National See also Abu Ghraib; Guantanamo Guard; individual names of Bay U.S. Army bases training 97, 109–110, 164, U.S. Department of Defense, 111, 219–220. 113, 228 treason, 202 on Abu Ghraib, 72–73, 107 truth hearings, call for, 239 on medical personnel 223rd Military Intelligence involvement in interrogations, battalion, California National 121–121 Guard, 125 on PTSD, 136 2004 Taguba Report, 121 U.S. Department of Justice, 126 on “prisoners of war,” 24 Uniform Code of Military Justice Torture Memos, 14, 121–122 (UCMJ), 150, 157, 176, 209 U.S. Marine Corps Mobilization United 93 (fi lm), 56 Command (Kansas City), 157

bbindex.inddindex.indd 255255 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2012:38:20 PMPM 256 INDEX

U.S. Supreme Court, on habeas Joe Darby and, 61–69 corpus rights, 126 Chris Arendt and, 206–211 Military Whistleblower Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), Protection Act, 150 83, 95–96 retaliation for, 62, 78, 82–84, videotaping, of detainees, 21, 166, 98–99, 123–126, 149–154 184 Winter Soldier event (Iraq Veterans Vivoda, Kari, 213–223, 230–232 Against the War) Vivoda, Tim, 215–223, 231 Andrew Duffy and, 143, 147–148 War Crimes Act (1996), 239 Chris Arendt and, 208–211, Washington Post, 69, 81, 82 216, 221–223, 225 waterboarding, 121 World Medical Association, 113 welcome home ceremonies “Worship-the-Gods” stress for Guantanamo Bay soldiers, position, 167 25–26 for Iraq soldiers, 32, 93, 129–130 Yale University, 35–37 Welshofer, Lewis, 2, 3, 5 Yelovich, Stephen, 75 Western Correctional Institution Yoo, John, 237 (Cumberland, Maryland), 79–80 Zarqawi, Abu Musab al-, “whistleblowing” 127–128 Andrew Duffy and, 149–154 Zimbardo, Philip, 35–37 Brandon Neely and, 49–52 Zubaydah, Abu, 121

bbindex.inddindex.indd 256256 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2112:38:21 PMPM bbindex.inddindex.indd 257257 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2112:38:21 PMPM bbindex.inddindex.indd 258258 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2112:38:21 PMPM bbindex.inddindex.indd 259259 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2112:38:21 PMPM bbindex.inddindex.indd 260260 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2212:38:22 PMPM bbindex.inddindex.indd 261261 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2312:38:23 PMPM bbindex.inddindex.indd 262262 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2312:38:23 PMPM bbindex.inddindex.indd 263263 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2312:38:23 PMPM bbindex.inddindex.indd 264264 44/10/10/10/10 12:38:2312:38:23 PMPM