ISSN: 1936-296X on the Cover: Varanus Komodoensis
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BIAWAK Quarterly Journal of Varanid Biology and Husbandry
BIAWAK Quarterly Journal of Varanid Biology and Husbandry Volume 4 Number 2 ISSN: 1936-296X On the Cover: Varanus obor Varanus obor is the most recent species of monitor lizard to be described from Indonesia. Discovered by Weijola and Sweet (2010. A new melanistic species of monitor [Reptilia: Squa- mata: Varanidae] from Sanana Island, Indone- sia. Zootaxa 2434: 17-32.), V. obor also repre- sents the most recently described member of the V. indicus complex. Data and observations on its natural history and ecology are included within the species description. The specimens depicted on the cover and inset of this issue were photographed by Valter Wei- jola on Sanana Island, Maluku, Indonesia on 28 March and 3 April 2009. The specimen depicted on the cover and to the left was observed around 1600 h in a coastal Sago area of northeastern Sanana. The specimen depicted below was first observed foraging in coastal vegetation, but as- cended a coconut palm when it noticed the ob- server. BIAWAK Quarterly Journal of Varanid Biology and Husbandry Editor Editorial Review ROBERT W. MENDYK MICHAEL J. BALSAI Center for Science Teaching and Learning Department of Biology, Temple University 1 Tanglewood Road Philadelphia, PA 19122, US Rockville Centre, NY 11570, US [email protected] [email protected] BERND EIDENMÜLLER Griesheimer Ufer 53 Associate Editors 65933 Frankfurt, DE [email protected] DANIEL BENNETT School of Biology, Leeds University MICHAEL FOST Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Department of Math and Statistics [email protected] Georgia State University Atlanta, GA 30303, US MICHAEL Cota [email protected] Thailand Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, RUston W. -
Dietary Behavior of the Mangrove Monitor Lizard (Varanus Indicus)
DIETARY BEHAVIOR OF THE MANGROVE MONITOR LIZARD (VARANUS INDICUS) ON COCOS ISLAND, GUAM, AND STRATEGIES FOR VARANUS INDICUS ERADICATION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI’I AT HILO IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN TROPICAL CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE MAY 2016 By Seamus P. Ehrhard Thesis Committee: William Mautz, Chairperson Donald Price Patrick Hart Acknowledgements I would like to thank Guam’s Department of Agriculture, the Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources, and wildlife biologist, Diane Vice, for financial assistance, research materials, and for offering me additional staffing, which greatly aided my fieldwork on Guam. Additionally, I would like to thank Dr. William Mautz for his consistent help and effort, which exceeded all expectations of an advisor, and without which I surely would have not completed my research or been inspired to follow my passion of herpetology to the near ends of the earth. 2 Abstract The mangrove monitor lizard (Varanus indicus), a large invasive predator, can be found on all areas of the 38.6 ha Cocos Island at an estimated density, in October 2011, of 6 V. Indicus per hectare on the island. Plans for the release of the endangered Guam rail (Gallirallus owstoni) on Cocos Island required the culling of V. Indicus, because the lizards are known to consume birds and bird eggs. Cocos Island has 7 different habitats; resort/horticulture, Casuarina forest, mixed strand forest, Pemphis scrub, Scaevola scrub, sand/open area, and wetlands. I removed as many V. Indicus as possible from the three principal habitats; Casuarina forest, mixed scrub forest, and a garbage dump (resort/horticulture) using six different trapping methods. -
Snakes of the Siwalik Group (Miocene of Pakistan): Systematics and Relationship to Environmental Change
Palaeontologia Electronica http://palaeo-electronica.org SNAKES OF THE SIWALIK GROUP (MIOCENE OF PAKISTAN): SYSTEMATICS AND RELATIONSHIP TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE Jason J. Head ABSTRACT The lower and middle Siwalik Group of the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan (Miocene, approximately 18 to 3.5 Ma) is a continuous fluvial sequence that preserves a dense fossil record of snakes. The record consists of approximately 1,500 vertebrae derived from surface-collection and screen-washing of bulk matrix. This record represents 12 identifiable taxa and morphotypes, including Python sp., Acrochordus dehmi, Ganso- phis potwarensis gen. et sp. nov., Bungarus sp., Chotaophis padhriensis, gen. et sp. nov., and Sivaophis downsi gen. et sp. nov. The record is dominated by Acrochordus dehmi, a fully-aquatic taxon, but diversity increases among terrestrial and semi-aquatic taxa beginning at approximately 10 Ma, roughly coeval with proxy data indicating the inception of the Asian monsoons and increasing seasonality on the Potwar Plateau. Taxonomic differences between the Siwalik Group and coeval European faunas indi- cate that South Asia was a distinct biogeographic theater from Europe by the middle Miocene. Differences between the Siwalik Group and extant snake faunas indicate sig- nificant environmental changes on the Plateau after the last fossil snake occurrences in the Siwalik section. Jason J. Head. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. [email protected] School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom. KEY WORDS: Snakes, faunal change, Siwalik Group, Miocene, Acrochordus. PE Article Number: 8.1.18A Copyright: Society of Vertebrate Paleontology May 2005 Submission: 3 August 2004. -
Observations on Varanus S. Salvator in North Sulawesi
ARTICLES Biawak 1(2): 59-66 © 2007. International Varanid Interest Group Observations on Varanus s. salvator in North Sulawesi HAROLD F. DE LISLE P.O. Box 1975 Twentynine Palms, CA 92277, US [email protected] Abstract: Asian Water Monitors (Varanus s. salvator) are widespread on the main island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, but rather rare in the province of North Sulawesi because of human predation. This study documents observations on the daily behavior of a small coastal population over a two week period. Observations of aquatic behavior led to discussion of the possibility that this population is able to catch live fish in a particular coastal lagoon. Introduction The Asian Water Monitor (Varanus salvator salvator) is perhaps the most wide-spread of all varanids. It is found from Sri Lanka, northern India, Bangladesh, Burma, Vietnam and Hainan (China) through Malaysia east to the Indonesian islands of Sulawesi and Wetar (De Lisle, 1996). Its ability to colonize the remote islands of Malaysia and Indonesia might be due to its adaptability towards freshwater and saltwater (Traeholt, 1994a), and also its large size is an advantage, giving both the energy reserves and power to survive an extended sea voyage and a greater potential to actually achieve a landfall. Backwash from tsunamis could start this process frequently enough. Figures 1A and B. Remnant primary forest on North Sulawesi Biawak 2007 Vol. 1 No. 2 60 Figure 2. Coastal stream, North Sulawesi Figure 3. Coast of the Moluccan Sea In March 2001, a month was spent in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia (island of Sulawesi) to observe the northeastern-most populations of the Asian Water Monitor (V. -
Bonelli's Eagle
# 017 Bird-o-soar 21 May 2018 BONELLI’S EAGLE Records of predation on Varanus griseus and Ptyonoprogne concolor by Aquila fasciata in Agolai, Jodhpur, India IUCN Red List: Least Concern (BirdLife International 2016) Images of Bonelli’s Eagle at Agolai, Jodhpur. (A) ventro-lateral view (B) dorsal view from top (C) a fresh predation of Dusky Crag Martin catch in flight (D) another predation of a Desert Monitor was sighted near to the Bonelli’s Eagle nest Prey-predator interactions are rarely observed in the field, and most attempts to identify and quantify their occurrence have Aves focused on a narrow range of species. Raptors typically hunt and [Class of Birds] kill their prey. Small lizards and frogs are preyed upon by a great Accipitriformes variety of animals (Duellman & Trueb 1986; Greene 1988; Zug [Order of diurnal birds of prey] 1993). Here we have recorded a predation upon Desert Monitor Accipitridae Varanus griseus and Dusky Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne concolor [Family of Hawks and by Bonelli’s Eagle Aquila fasciata in Thar Desert of Rajasthan. Eagles] Bonelli’s Eagle is known to be a characteristic local and Aquila fasciatus [Bonelli’s Eagle] scarce resident breeding raptor species in countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea and the Middle East (Gensbol 1987; Species described by Vieillot in 1822 Rocamora 1994). This raptor is also found commonly in the Zoo’s Print Vol. 33 | No. 5 17 # 017 Bird-o-soar 21 May 2018 southeastern Palaearctic region, Indochina, southeastern China and Indonesia (Cramp & Simmons 1980; BirdLife International 2018). It plays a key role as top predator in natural ecosystems (Rocamora 1994). -
THESIS APPROVAL Differentiation of Varanus Spp. in Thailand By
THESIS APPROVAL GRADUATE SCHOOL, KASETSART UNIVERSITY Master of Science (Veterinary Pathology) DEGREE Veterinary Pathology Pathology FIELD DEPARTMENT TITLE: Differentiation of Varanus spp. in Thailand by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) NAME: Miss Wallaya Phongphaew THIS THESIS HAS BEEN ACCEPTED BY THESIS ADVISOR ( Associate Professor Theerapol Sirinarumitr, D.V.M., Ph.D. ) THESIS CO-ADVISOR ( Associate Professor Chaleow Salakij, D.V.M., Ph.D. ) DEPARTMENT HEAD ( Associate Professor Chaleow Salakij, D.V.M., Ph.D. ) APPROVED BY THE GRADUATE SCHOOL ON DEAN ( Associate Professor Gunjana Theeragool, D.Agr. ) THESIS DIFFERENTIATION OF VARANUS SPP. IN THAILAND BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM (PCR-RFLP) WALLAYA PHONGPHAEW A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Veterinary Pathology) Graduate School, Kasetsart University 2010 Wallaya Phongphaew 2010: Differentiation of Varanus spp. in Thailand by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Master of Science (Veterinary Pathology), Major Field: Veterinary Pathology, Department of Pathology. Thesis Advisor: Associate Professor Theerapol Sirinarumitr, Ph.D. 70 pages. The twenty two samples of monitor from Thailand were differentiated by using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, this study worked based on cytochrome b gene and 12S rRNA gene. The PCR products were approximate 376 and 450 bp respectively. The cytochrome b gene products were treated with BstXI, BanI, HpaII and EcoRI , the 12S rRNA gene products were treated with ApaI, BamHI and HaeIII to observe the different patterns, which specific to each monitor. The results from both genes analysis showed the different patterns among species, but the variations between subspecies were observed in cytochrome b gene only. -
ONTOGENIA DE Iguana Iguana (Linnaeus, 1758): ESTÁGIOS EMBRIONÁRIOS E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO ESQUELETO
UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal ONTOGENIA DE Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758): ESTÁGIOS EMBRIONÁRIOS E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO ESQUELETO DOUTORANDO: FABIANO CAMPOS LIMA ORIENTADOR: DR. ANTONIO SEBBEN BRASÍLIA – DF JUNHO, 2015 ONTOGENIA DE Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758): ESTÁGIOS EMBRIONÁRIOS E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO ESQUELETO FABIANO CAMPOS LIMA Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biologia Animal do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade de Brasília com requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Biologia Animal. ORIENTADOR: DR. ANTONIO SEBBEN BRASÍLIA – DF JUNHO, 2015 UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal FABIANO CAMPOS LIMA Título da Tese Ontogenia de Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758): Estágios Embrionários e Desenvolvimento do Esqueleto Prof. Dr. Antonio Sebben Presidente/Orientador UnB Prof. Dr. Eduardo Maurício Mendes de Lima Profa. Dra. Lilian Gimenes Giugliano Membro Efetivo Externo Membro Efetivo Externo UnB UnB Profa. Dra. Aline Pic-Taylor Prof. Dr. Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Junior Membro Efetivo Interno Membro Efetivo Interno UnB UnB Profa. Dra. Jussara Rocha Ferreira Membro Suplente UnB Brasília, 23 de Junho de 2015 Existe um único caminho que nos leva a plenitude e a herança que o mundo nos permite: o conhecimento. AGRADECIMENTOS Nenhuma grande jornada pode ser concluída sem que muitos personagens tenham participado dela. Poder expressar gratidão por aqueles que tornaram sua trajetória mais exequível é motivo de satisfação, pois nem todos são gratos àqueles que o ajudaram a transpor as pedras em seu caminho. Sou imensamente grato ao meu orientador, o professor Antonio Sebben, que desde o primeiro dia depositou confiança em mim, um rapaz franzino que apareceu do nada com o objetivo de se tornar um doutor. -
Cobra Risk Assessment
Invasive animal risk assessment Biosecurity Queensland Agriculture Fisheries and Department of Cobra (all species) Steve Csurhes and Paul Fisher First published 2010 Updated 2016 Pest animal risk assessment © State of Queensland, 2016. The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland as the source of the publication. Note: Some content in this publication may have different licence terms as indicated. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0/au/deed.en" http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Photo: Image from Wikimedia Commons (this image is reproduced under the terms of a GNU Free Documentation License) Invasive animal risk assessment: Cobra 2 Contents Summary 4 Introduction 5 Identity and taxonomy 5 Taxonomy 3 Description 5 Diet 5 Reproduction 6 Predators and diseases 6 Origin and distribution 7 Status in Australia and Queensland 8 Preferred habitat 9 History as a pest elsewhere 9 Uses 9 Pest potential in Queensland 10 Climate match 10 Habitat suitability 10 Broad natural geographic range 11 Generalist diet 11 Venom production 11 Disease 11 Numerical risk analysis 11 References 12 Attachment 1 13 Invasive animal risk assessment: Cobra 3 Summary The common name ‘cobra’ applies to 30 species in 7 genera within the family Elapidae, all of which can produce a hood when threatened. All cobra species are venomous. As a group, cobras have an extensive distribution over large parts of Africa, Asia, Malaysia and Indonesia. -
Draft Animal Keepers Species List
Revised NSW Native Animal Keepers’ Species List Draft © 2017 State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage With the exception of photographs, the State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage are pleased to allow this material to be reproduced in whole or in part for educational and non-commercial use, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. Specific permission is required for the reproduction of photographs. The Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) has compiled this report in good faith, exercising all due care and attention. No representation is made about the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information in this publication for any particular purpose. OEH shall not be liable for any damage which may occur to any person or organisation taking action or not on the basis of this publication. Readers should seek appropriate advice when applying the information to their specific needs. All content in this publication is owned by OEH and is protected by Crown Copyright, unless credited otherwise. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), subject to the exemptions contained in the licence. The legal code for the licence is available at Creative Commons. OEH asserts the right to be attributed as author of the original material in the following manner: © State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2017. Published by: Office of Environment and Heritage 59 Goulburn Street, Sydney NSW 2000 PO Box A290, -
Iguanid and Varanid CAMP 1992.Pdf
CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR IGUANIDAE AND VARANIDAE WORKING DOCUMENT December 1994 Report from the workshop held 1-3 September 1992 Edited by Rick Hudson, Allison Alberts, Susie Ellis, Onnie Byers Compiled by the Workshop Participants A Collaborative Workshop AZA Lizard Taxon Advisory Group IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group SPECIES SURVIVAL COMMISSION A Publication of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124 USA A contribution of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, and the AZA Lizard Taxon Advisory Group. Cover Photo: Provided by Steve Reichling Hudson, R. A. Alberts, S. Ellis, 0. Byers. 1994. Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for lguanidae and Varanidae. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group: Apple Valley, MN. Additional copies of this publication can be ordered through the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124. Send checks for US $35.00 (for printing and shipping costs) payable to CBSG; checks must be drawn on a US Banlc Funds may be wired to First Bank NA ABA No. 091000022, for credit to CBSG Account No. 1100 1210 1736. The work of the Conservation Breeding Specialist Group is made possible by generous contributions from the following members of the CBSG Institutional Conservation Council Conservators ($10,000 and above) Australasian Species Management Program Gladys Porter Zoo Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Sponsors ($50-$249) Chicago Zoological -
Environmental and Social Monitoring Report INDONESIA: Tangguh Liquefied Natural Gas Project Operator's Environmental, Healt
Environmental and Social Monitoring Report Project Number: 38919 April – October 2012 INDONESIA: Tangguh Liquefied Natural Gas Project Operator’s Environmental, Health and Safety Report Prepared by BP Berau Limited Tangguh LNG Project Operator This report has been submitted to ADB by BP Berau Limited and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2005). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB. Operator’s Environmental, Health and Safety Report Tangguh LNG April– October 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH SAFETY REPORT TANGGUH LNG PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... 1 Table List .......................................................................................................................... 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 3 1. Regulatory Compliance ............................................................................................ 4 1.1. Summary Description ...................................................................................... 4 1.2. Implications for Tangguh ................................................................................. 4 2. Environmental Management Plan ............................................................................ 5 2.1. LNG Plant and its Supporting Facilities including Marine Facilities ................ 5 2.1.1. Wastewater Management -
AC31 Doc. 14.2
Original language: English AC31 Doc. 14.2 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ___________________ Thirty-first meeting of the Animals Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 13-17 July 2020 Interpretation and implementation matters Regulation of trade Non-detriment findings PUBLICATION OF A MANAGEMENT REPORT FOR COMMON WATER MONITORS (VARANUS SALVATOR) IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA 1. This document has been submitted by Malaysia (Management Authorities of Peninsular Malaysia – Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources and Department of Wildlife and National Park Peninsular Malaysia).* Background 2. For the last 50 years, Malaysia has sustained a trade in the skins of Common Water Monitors (Varanus salvator), listed in Appendix II since 1975. In accordance of Article IV, paragraph 3, exports of the specimens of Appendix-II species must be monitored continuously and suitable measures to be taken to limit such exports in order to maintain such species throughout their range at a level consistent with their role in the ecosystems and well above the level at which they would qualify for Appendix I. 3. The CITES Scientific and Management Authorities of Peninsular Malaysia committed to improve monitoring and management systems for Varanus salvator in Malaysia, which has resulted in the management system published here (Annex). Objectives and overview of the Management System for Varanus salvator 4. The management report provides information on the biological attributes of V. salvator, recent population data findings in Peninsular Malaysia and the monitoring and management systems used to ensure its sustainable trade. 5. The main specific objectives of the management report are: a) To provide a tool to support wildlife management authorities in Malaysia in the application of CITES provisions such as Non-detriment findings (NDFs).