INSfRU Vol. 16 No.3 The Official Publication of PSIA-Intermountain SUMMER 1995

PSIA-I Granted Ed. Foundation Exempt Status By SHANNON KIPP, SNOWBIRD

I am very pleased to announce that the PSIA-I Education Foundation has been granted federal income tax exempt status under section 50l(a) code of the Internal Revenue Service, based on organizing documents described in section 501(c)(3). WHEW! Simply stated, we now have an organization that can raise money by tax deductible donations, fundraising activi­ ties and services, all for the benefit of our instructors. During the spring meeting of the Board of Directors, the decision was made to open up committee positions to our mem­ bership. Two committees that exist at pre­ sent are the projects committee and the Bill Lash congratulates Keith Lange on his induction into the PSIA Intermountain Hall Ways and Means committee. of Fame. Lange was recognized for his ski industry accomplishments during the Spring Projects pertain, but aren't limited to, Clinic banquet. activities such as instructor scholar awards, ski related research and publica­ tion, and sponsorship of professionallec­ the essay, applicants must address the fol­ eligible to apply. Directors, trustees and or tures similar to the existing Fall lecture lowing topics: officers of PSIA-I, and PSIA-IEF, will be series. eligible to receive scholarships, as will The Ways and Means committee con­ _ Professional history, including certifi­ their relatives. Recipients are selected cerns itself exclusively with fundraising cation status, where individual is em­ without discrimination based on gender, and money making activities. It is evident ployed, for how long, and what duties race, handicap or employment status. by the strength of our division, that we are carried out at the work site (Le. is the Upon completion of the clinic, the re­ have many diverse and talented members. individual a supervisor, does he/she cipient will be required to summarize If you have an interest in volunteering for work with a children's program, race his/her account in an article for the Edge. either one of these commi ttees, please call department, etc.). Any violations of the terms of the grant George Mosher, committee chair of Pro­ will result in the return of any future grant jects, at: 208 529-3698, or Mike Thur­ _ Why should the projects committee applications made by the individual. good, committee chair of Ways and consider this applicant? So get going! Of course, this won't be Means, at: 801645-8724. the only announcement for the scholar­ The first goal of the Projects committee _ How will this scholarship benefit the ships. There will be reminders posted in is to establish three individual $50.00 recipient professionally? Academi­ forthcoming issues ofthe Edge, and infor­ scholar awards to the 1996 Spring Clinic. cally? mation will provided to each individual The determination of the three recipients ski school. The first date of acceptance of will be based on the applicant's type-writ­ All scholarships will be limited to Inter­ scholarship applications will be January 1, ten essay, along with two letters ofrecom­ mountain Division instructors certified at 1996. Application deadline is set for mendation from employers, clinicians level II and above in Alpine, Nordic and March 1, 1996. Please send all correspon­ and/or college professors, who have a pro­ Snowboard disciplines. Casual part-time, dence to the divisional office. _ fessional interest in the applicant. Within part-time and full time instructors will be Children The Future Education Comer For PSIA Committee By JO GARUCCIO. PSIA EDUCATION CHAIRPERSON By PATII OLSEN, DEER VALLEY Although July seems an unlikely time to begin thinking about the 1995-96 ski season. there are few items that may interest those die-hard members who "think The National Children's Committee met snow" year around. You know, they were the ones still eking out the 94-95 season in June in Lakewood, Colorado in con­ at Snowbird on July 4! And even if you do not fall into that category, you may want junction with the national PSIA commit­ to just glance at the information below. tee and Board meetings. There was a re­ First, let me begin by clarifying a few things about our last DECL hiring clinic. sounding theme that flowed through the We have received several calls with questions concerning the event and feel that the entire meeting of the all the committees, membership should be clearly informed about the squad that trains them for guest speakers, BOD: "Children are 25 certification and update credit. As most of you know, the obvious way to earn a spot percent of the population and 100 percent on the DECL body is to try-out at the hiring clinic held every two to three years. of the future." Remember, this position is essentially a part-time job. It is not a level of certifica­ The main topics addressed by the Chil­ tion, and therefore it is not something that is attainable by everyone. We choose dren's Committee were: keeping the JETS those individuals who we think will do the best all-around job for the membership. and the Children's Committee separate In addition, we only have so many spaces available for that job. We do not need to groups; the National Children's' Sympo­ hire new DECLs every year. sium; JET tryouts; a new children's man­ There is also a second method for attaining the position and it is similar to the ual, video and handbook; publication process followed by many ski schools. If you believe that you possess the necessary schedules; and more. There was a great qualifications, you may by-pass the hiring clinic and simply petition the Board of deal going on and many guests joined the Directors. For example, if Bill Eagan, the current coach for the USA men's downhill Children's Committee meeting through­ squad and past PSIA Western clinic leader and examiner, suddenly moved to Salt out the entire time. Guests like Tony For­ Lake City and wanted to be involved in Division training, he could submit a letter rest, PSIA Nordic Team; Carol Levine and resume to the BOD, and the BOD would then determine whether or not to hire and Dee Burne, PSIA Demonstration him. Although this has not happened very often, the provision was approved by the Team members past and present; Tim BOD several years ago. Why? We did not want to lose talented. experienced clinic Ross, US Ski Team; Jack Copeland, leaders or examiners who either took a leave of absence or transferred in to our Mammoth Mountain ski school director; Division. During the 1994-95 season, we hired four new DECLs from the January Dick Tappley, Ski Engineering; Mike hiring clinic and three through petition. The three who were chosen through the Shaw, National Snowboard Team; and petition process have all been examiners and clinic leaders in either this division, more. Everyone was very interested in the Western or Rocky Mountain. (Caroline Jalbert and Phil Beliveau both transferred goings on of the Committee. into Rocky Mountain as examiners and clinic leaders under similar circumstances.) Children are 100 percent of the future, It was not a clandestine event. However, we apologize for not keeping the member­ whether it be future guests or future ski ship properly informed about the procedures. instructors. We as ski area employees need to keep this in mind. With most every Please welcome the following DECLs for the 1995·96 season: child comes two parents. If the Children Nathan Emerson-Jackson Hole (hiring clinic) are happy somewhere, the parents will Rob Sogard-Snowbird (hiring clinic) certainly be happy. This vacation for all of Jay Marquiss-Sundance (hiring clinic) them will be a great one. Mark Wheadon-Sundance (hiring clinic) Ralph K. "Ole" Olsen-supervisor, Deer Valley; PSIA-I DECL coach, examiner For this year it was decided by the BOD: and clinic leader Jim Kercher-ski school director, Jackson Hole; Western Education Chairman, • to keep the JETS and the Children's examiner and clinic leader in both Western and Rocky Mountain divisions Committee separate. Kathleen Hesler-Jackson Hole; examiner and clinic leader in both Western and • The new children's' manual will be the Rocky Mountain divisions first item to be processed and that will On to 1995-96! take place by 1997. We are currently working on the calendar for 1995-96 and should have a draft • The National Children's' Symposium ready for ski school directors in the next two weeks. Hopefully, a second draft for will take place at the National Academy the membership will be ready by Aug. 20 and a finalized calendar printed by Oct. in April at Snowbird. 1. However, we can offer the following information. • We will hold a Divisional Children's At the moment, the Ed College is slated for mid-January and will have a similar Symposium at the Ed College or on agenda to years past. There will be an assessment preparation track as well as clinics another date at Deer Valley. • The JET tryout will be held this year. continued on page 3 continued on 3

2 INSTRUCTORS EDGE JETS Selection Criteria Set By PSIA President's Message By ALANTITENSOR, PSIA INTERMOUNTAIN PRESIDENT Selection of the JETS will be on a divi­ sional basis. Each division will hold its How quickly the time arrives. Another winter is past. As strange a winter it was; it own hiring clinic. Therefore, the next se­ was a good one--c-warm and snowy.· Nature kept us on our toes·all season long. The lection of the JETS will allow for nine Spring Clinic typified the winter. Sweater weather Friday with powder conditions members-one person from each divi­ Saturday and Sunday. sion. This is the criteria that was approved Speaking of the Spring Clinic-ifyou missed it-you really missed it. Great skiing by the BOD for PSIA and it is hoped that and boarding, top-notch clinic leaders and memorable banquet. K.eith Lange was each division will use this same criteria. inducted into our Hall of Fame. It was an honor to be in attendance .. Surrounded by the who's who of ski teaching; all there because of Keith. Candidates must be: As the clinic wound down it became apparent a ton of effort had gone into it. Jo • member in good standing. Garuccio as clinic organizer, Nancy and Mindi from the office covering detail after • work for a recognized ski school, coach, detail, Rex Ames organizing awards and the bounty rich raffle. Mary and Len, being club race program. the consummate hosts. If you see them. thank them. • Levellll certified. There are a lot of people doing a lot of woIt: for this division. The wage we pay Nancy & Mindi doesn't come close to what they give in return. Rodger and Johave Candidates must atte~d and provide: literally put countless hours into making the Ed & Cert programs the best in the • two-day selection or hiring country. Stew is already impacting national decisions as our PSIA rep. Stew, Dori clinic-$150.00 and Rodger keep the Edge informative and readable. I've never seen a more • three letters of recommendation conscientious Board than the present one, or more talented and dedicated DECLs to 1) one from a ski school director or assist in training and certification. The primary concern is the membership's welfare. supervisor. The only major improvement I can imagine would be member participation. You, 2) one cross discipline representation. the membership, told us you wanted geographic equalization on the Board elections. (children, examiner, snowboard etc.) Your Board delivered--few ran-almost as voted. 3) one letter, your choice. The Division has taken the high road in the Ed and Cert programs. Individual • one page resume. responsibility. You are primarily responsible to prepare yourself for certification. • One-page description of why you want Your ski school has the secondary obligation to provide you with guidance, direction to be a JET and your commitment. and finally, when necessary, PSIA-I is there to assist your school. • Three-page article or essay. This direction only works with member participation. Next fall, as you prepare for the upcoming season, please calendar some time for divisional participation. If you are interested in becoming a JET please consider this criteria. No date or ski area has been set at this time. There will be more information sent to all PSIA-I ski EDUCATION CORNER continued/rom 2 schools when it becomes available. _ geared towards Level II and III instructors who need update credit. We are looking at new ideas to keep everyone interested and welcome your input. If you have CHILDREN continued/rom 2 creative ideas about clinic topics, feel free to callJo at 801 272-0854. The Spring Clinic is tentatively planned for the weekend after Easter, and this year The final decision as to how to do it will it will be held as an event. In other words, barring some really outrageously ingenious be up to the Intermountain PSIA-I excuse, participants will attend the entire week-end. Costs will include clinic time, BOD. They will address this in their banquet, prizes and fun! We also plan to have a Division photo contest with winners Fall meeting. presented at the banquet. Look for categories and details in the next EDGE, and be prepared for a spring clinic week-end. This is a short note on the meeting, but For those of you interested in going to National Demo Team try-outs (April 28 - it does give you an idea of the events May 5 at Snowbird), we will choose our regional squad in late January. All Current coming up for next year. Remember Level llIs are eligible, and if you are seriously thinking about it, start planning now. "Children are 100 percent of the fu­ Read everything you can get your hands on and look at a summer fitness program ture."-Patti is co-chairman of the so that you will be strong and healthy when the season begins. If you need help in PSIA-I Children'S Committee. planning your preparation, feel free to give us a call. Lastly, the National Junior Education Team or "Jets" will be comprised of one representative from each division. Each division is responsible for choosing their representative. Please take a look at the criteria included in this EDGE. If you are interested in applying, call the office ASAP. We will need to decide how we will approach· this task and it will depend on the number of interested instructors. Enjoy the summer! It took a while, but it finally made itt

INSTRUCTORS EDGE 3 Women's College Certification Comer Inspires Personal By ROOOER RENSTROM, PSIA-I CERTIFICATION CHAIRPERSON Development Although the ski-teaching season has been over for weeks, Snowbird just closed its doors to skiers July 4 and the Mirror Lake Highway may still be closed when you By NONA WEATHERBEE, read this. All in favor of another winter just like this past one please honk your hom. pSIA is in the midst of some significant changes involving certification~which SNOWBIRD most people will be happy to hear about. But first, I'd like to recognize the people who contribute to the success of certification and education efforts in the Division. Fifty women instructors, representing The Memhership: The commitment to improve one's self is the driving force eight of our nine PSIA divisions, con­ behind certification. Certification does not anoint ski instructor's with magical vened at Snowbird for some great skiing powers; it simply recognizes the time and effort devoted to improving knowledge and personal development April 1-5 at the and skill. Everyone who attended an assessment this past season should congratulate 1995 PSIA National Women's Education themselves for their efforts. And, whether or not you qualified at the level you College. sought, I hope you continue the learning process that you have embarked upon. The staff of clinicians included PSIA The DECLs: The people who conduct education and certification events for the Demonstration Team members Dee Division are amazing in their commitment to the membership and ski instruction. Byrne and Nancy Oakes. Carol Levine, a Although there are many personalities and approaches in their efforts, they all share past D-team member, was also the event one thing: every one of the DECLs is motivated by the desire to improve the future organizer. Mariam Sodergren, a Junior for certified ski instructors. I would like to thank each of them for the excellent job Education Team (JET) member, came and extra effort they provided this past season. It is a real privilege to be associated from Alpine Meadows, CA. Mermer with such a dedicated group of individuals. Blakeslee came from Eastern, where she The Office: Nancy and Mindi help pull off a miracle that would drive most of us is an examiner as well as in charge of the insane. Although the DECLs do a great job, we would all be running around in circles women's program at Ski Windham, NY. if Nancy and Mindi didn't keep us headed in the right direction and outfitted with Finally, Former Alta instructor Caroline the information we need to do our jobs. Thanks! Joubert came in place of Annie Varielle­ What's New on the Horizon? Savath, who became ill at the last minute. People often wonder why the certification process continues to change~the It was great to see and ski with Caroline answer is simple. We all know the certification process is far from perfect: it should again She misses Alta and all her friends change. Everyone I speak with, at the Division and national level, wants two things but has had an exciting year working for from certification: I) a process that reliably assesses the knowledge and skills of ski Annie at Telluride. instructors and, 2) does so in an equitable manner. Past PSIA Women's Ed Colleges have Two years ago the PSIA Education and Certification committees agreed to adopt each had a focus. Two years ago at Winter a national set of minimum standards for certification. (The national Education and Park, CO., the focus was on physiological Certification committees are comprised of the divis ional education and certification differences between genders and the im­ chairpersons.) This year, at the national meeting in Lakewood, Colorado in June, pact these differences may have on skiing the Education and Certification committees met jOintly to continue the process of performance and equipment selection and cooperation begun with the adoption of the national standards. Improving the fit. There are two excellent articles in the certification process and helping the membership reach their goals were items fall '93 issue of The Professional Skier foremost on the minds of the committee members. that talk about physiological differences At the urging of the committees, PSIA will likely delay-up to the spring of between the genders. 1996-publication of its new Alpine Manual. Originally scheduled for publication Last year, during the Women's Ed Col­ in September 1995, the delay is to ensure the manual meets the educational and leges held at Sun Valley and Stratton, the certification needs of the membership. PSIA believes that the membership needs focus was on understanding the social and and deserves a top-notch publication that can be used as a comprehensive reference. psychological differences that impact per­ PSIA is also scheduled to release study guides to help instructors prepare for formance and the desire for women to certification. These study guides are not expected to be ready by the fall; however, continue in a sport. PSIA Intermountain will produce study guides that will be available in the late fall. A Wall Street Journal this past season These study guides will be invaluable in helping direct study and practice. pointed out how both men and women Also, every division currently uses a written test to assess knowledge for certifi­ take up the sport of skiing in equal num­ cation, The committees have charged themselves with sharing those tests and bers. The article went on to say that improving them. Those efforts may lead to a nationally standardized written test. women tend to drop out of skiing at a The process of certification is exhilarating and enjoyable for some and, unfortu­ higher rate than men. Understanding how nately, heartbreaking for others. However you have personally viewed certification different types of people learn will help us in the past, I hope everyone realizes that PSIA and PSIA Intermountain are commit­ to be better teachers and will help to keep ted to the continual improvement of certification for the future. Enjoy the summer. people coming back to the sport of skiing. To read further about the findings at the

4 INSTRUCTORS EDGE '94 Women's Ed Colleges, read Carol There were two other informal indoor afternoons, clinic leaders changed so eve­ Levine's article in the Winter '95 edition sessions during the four days. Dee Bryne ryone had a chance to ski with different ofTPS. and Nancy Oakes showed a video from clinic leaders. This was my second PSIA This year at Snowbird, the focus was on Interski and talked about what went on. Women's Education College. The fun and personal development and great skiing! Carol Levine lead an interesting session supportive atmosphere created by the tal­ There were two guest speakers this year on body alignment and the importance of ented clinic leaders keeps this a popular who gave excellent presentations. Sunday being in a neutral stance. She talked about event. What we give in our local women's evening, Dr. Nancy Moore gave a motiva­ being balanced for and aft as well as being seminars is given to us during this national tional talk on the pursuit of excellence and under or over edged and what to do about event for women. how one can become a more effective it. Women instructors tend to lack infor­ I came away with a new enthusiasm for person and leader in both their personal mation and understanding on body align­ a sport I love. Getting a chance to enjoy and business lives. ment and are therefore hesitant to help skiing and learning new things with like­ Monday evening, Elissa Slanger, a pio­ students that might benefit from some in­ minded people is what makes women's neer in women's ski programs, gave a sight on what to do or who to go to get a programs popular. I for one hope to see presentation on fear. Since running better performance out of their equipment more national women's ed colleges in the women's ski seminars for over 20 years, or possibly buying better equipment. Lis­ future. If you (women) have never at­ Elissa has gone on to get a degree in tening to Carol's explanations gave me tended a women's-only PSIA event, try clinical psychology. Elissa explained how inspiration to further my knowledge on and attend one next season. From skiing fear is a life preserver that has a biological this subject. runs like Great Scott and Jaws to making basis. Performance anxiety isn't necessar­ Last but not least was the skiing. Snow­ smooth turns on Election, the '95 national ily fear. To have effective learning there bird and Alta had some great terrain and Women's Ed College was a success foraH should be some arousal, otherwise, stu­ snow conditions for all levels of chal­ who attended. _ dents become bored. If there is too much lenge. Tuesday we headed to Alta for a arousal (fear), then learning stops. Elissa change of scenery. Thanks again to Alta went through steps on how to deal with for extending free lift tickets to the Ed fear in a class situation. The presentation College participants, Each morning there was informative and interesting. was a skill focus for the groups. In the

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INSTRUCTORS EDGE 5 ne hundred and twenty five years novice, 10 being expert), the average ago there was only one type of score was 8.0 for telemark and 8.4 for Oskiing. It was a form of nordic Telemark alpine. Being of equal proficiency in both transportation along with recreational ski telemark and alpine was important since jumping. In Scandinavia, local ski jump­ each subject would be compared to ing competitions were held for demon­ him/herself to see which style of skiing strating this popular recreation. One prob­ vs used the most energy. lem was the skis and bindings that were To determine the 02 portion of the en­ used for these competitions lacked fore­ ergy cost, each skier skied with a snor­ to-aft stability upon landing. This kel-like mouthpiece in their mouth con­ prompted Sondre Nordheim of Telemark, Alpine nected to a two-way valve which permit­ Norway to enlarge his base of support by ted outside air to be inhaled while expired sliding one ski farther forward thereby air was channeled to a large Douglas bag. originated the telemark position. This, The Douglas bag was attached to a frame along with lowering his center of gravity, Which takes more pack that the skier wore during each tele­ proved to be an efficient landing method mark and alpine ski run. At the end of and soon became popular with the local energy? each run the air in the bag was analyzed jumping competitors (Flower, 1977). for 02 and C02 and the total volume was Within 50 years this telemark position measured. Within one minute of the com­ By evolved into a skiing turn and was often pletion of the run, a blood sample was compared to the Christiania turn taken via a finger stick. The blood was RON KIPP AND ANDREA WHITE (Schneider & Fanck, 1937). From a prac­ later analyzed for lactic acid. Heart rate tical point of view, the telemark tum was was measured every five seconds from seen to have no advantages above a christy the start of the run to its conclusion using type of tum (Strom, 1977). By increasing practicality or pleasure of the tel em ark a heart rate monitor which was worn the fore-to-aft stability of the telemark tum but to determine the energy differ­ around the skiers chest. position the side-to-side stability was ence between today's telemarking com­ The run was a timed 12 gate GS/NAS­ compromised and was constantly an is­ pared to today's alpine skiing. TAR type course on Wilbere Ridge at sue. Benno Rybizka, Hannes Schneider's Energy is the capacity to perform work. Snowbird Ski Area in Utah. Subjects assistant ski school director in St. Anton Although not a good term for a recreation, were instructed to use the same level of Austria commented that anyone who has work can be thought of as the energy taken intensity for both the telemark and alpine learned a stem tum or stem christy has no to ski a set path or distance. In the physi­ ski runs. Average time for the telemark need for the telemark tum ... although he ologic sense, energy can be measured us­ condition was 41.83 seconds, while al­ did comment on its gracefulness (Ry­ ing involving three measurements; 02 or pine was 35.44 seconds. Although it took bizka, 1938). In 1972 Lito Tejada-Flores the rate of oxygen consumption at the 6 seconds more to complete the course noted that even among Nordic specialists muscular level, heart rate to determine with telemark turns as opposed to with it was under debate if the telemark turn how fast the heart beats, and lactates to alpine equipment, the same amount of was really useful for anything. measure the amount of lactic acid in the work was accomplished. Recently, the telemark technique has re­ blood. We hypothesized that for a given When oxygen consumption, heart rate, evolved into a backcounty pastime hill, snow condition, and turning radius and lactate were compared, all values (Barnett, 1979), and today it is hard to take that 02, heart rate, and lactate values dur­ indicated a greater energy expenditure a run in bounds ata ski area without seeing ing telemark skiing would be greater than for the telemark condition. Although at least a couple of telemark skiers. Tele­ for alpine skiing. when appropriate statistics to determine marking has become a very popular way To assess the differences in energy ex­ if these differences were due to more than to enjoy the skiing environment as tele­ penditure for telemark and alpine skiing chance occurrences, only the heart rate markers regard their chosen form of de­ we recruited eight subjects of equal tele­ and lactic acid values were statistically scent as having more freedom and offer­ mark and alpine skill level. They were 3 significant between the two different ing a greater challenge. This greater free­ females and 5 males with an average age styles of skiing. The six seconds extra dom and challenge is not without price. of 28.3 years. On the average they had that it took to complete the same work More strength may be necessary in the been skiing telemark 38 day per year for (the course) contributes to the extra en­ telemark tum, due to the greater flexion in 6.3 years and alpine 34 days per year for ergy taken to perform in the telemark the knees, and stress on the supporting or 17.4 years. All skiers used a modem plas­ condition. Since skiing is primarily an postural musculature (Lamack, 1992). tic upper telemark ski boot in conjunction anaerobic sport it is not that surprising Because of the lower stance and increased with either a Riva cable or Voile binding. that heart rate and lactate differed signifi­ need to make balance adjustments during Only production telemark skis were used cantly between the two conditions. telemark skiing, it is felt that the energy for telemarking. All alpine gear was upper Measures of oxygen consumption would requirements may be greater than for al­ end competition type. Both telemark and likely have shown differences between pine skiing due to more muscular activity alpine skis averaged 20Ocm. When sub­ groups had the course been longer, per­ in the legs and upper body. Therefore the jects were asked what they perceived their mitting a larger volume of air to be sam­ purpose of this study was not to debate the skill level to be on a 1 to 10 scale (1 being pled. In a similarly designed study, using

6 INSTRUCTORS EDGE mands greater physical strength and PSIA, Subaru Sign power, the skiers must prepare appropri­ ately. Additionally, the use of more en­ Marketing Plan ergy will impact the hydration status and nutritional needs of the skier. The high fat, high alcohol diet of many vacationers may The National Ski Patrol and the Profes­ be even more of a problem if one is tele­ sional Ski Instructors of America have marking. announced a partnership agreement with Acknowledgments Subaru of America that offers a $500 dis­ The authors would like to thank Snow­ count on new Subaru cars to members of bird Ski and Summer Resort for lift tickets the organizations. and the use of the race hill and timing. The new partnership became effective References June 16, and is a unique sports marketing Barnett, S. (1979). Cross-country down­ arrangement that offers direct financial hill and other nordic mountain skiing benefit for everyone involved. NSP and techniques (2nd ed.). Seattle, WA: Pa­ PSIA, with a combined membership base cific Search Press. of 51,000, will receive vehicles from Flower, R. (1977). The history of skiing Subaru and Subaru will become the "rec­ and other winter sports. New York: ommended" car of NSP and PSIA. Methuen. Subaru of America will also give PSIA Lamack, D. (1992). The telemark turn. members and any family member $500 off National Strength & Conditioning As­ the lease or purchase of any new model sociation Journal. 14(3).6-9,86-90. Subaru. This offer is above and beyond Rybizka B. (1938). The Hannes the trade-in allowance and all local incen­ Schneider ski technique. New York: tives. Subaru will also provide a special Harcourt, Brace and Company. cash incentive to the associations for each Saibene, F., Cortilli, G., Gavazzi, P., new Subaru vehicle the associations' Magistri, P. (1985). Energy sources in members purchase through dealers na­ alpine skiing (giant slalom). European tionwide. The agreement also includes the Journal of Applied Physiology, 53, development of joint ski programs forrec­ 312-316. reational skiers that will be offered at se­ Schneider, R., & Fanck, A. (1937). The lected resorts across the country. wonders of skiing: A method of correct "We are excited about this new relation­ ski-ing and its applications to alpine ship and excited about working with a skiing. New York: Charles Scribner's company whose commitment to skiing is A test participant prepares to run a Sons. unparalleled," said Mark Dorsey, market­ course with an apparatus designed to cap­ Strom, E. (1977). Pioneers on skis. Cen­ ing director for NSP and PSIA. "NSP and ture expired air in a Douglas bag. tral Valley, NY: Smith Clove Press. PSIA's focus is to carry the messages of Tejada-Flores, L. (1972). Wilderness fun, performance. and safety through edu­ an alpine only condition over a full length Skiing (5th ed.). San Francisco: Sierra cation programs to the grass roots of ski­ ing. We greatly value Subaru's support of giant slalom course, it was found that al­ Club. - pine skiers demonstrated energy expendi­ our nonprofit associations in this effort." tures equivalent to 120 percent or greater "By focusing on safety and education in of maximal oxygen consumption PSIA, NSP Enhance Skiing the sport of skiing, Subaru can provide a (Saibene, Cortilli, Gavazzi, & Magistri, valuable service that is consistent with our 1985). PSIA and the National Ski Patrol have corporate values," said Mary Treisbach, Can we say that one mode of skiing takes approved a plan to provide ski enhance­ director of marketing for Subaru of Amer­ more energy than the other? From a scien­ ment seminars to NSP members. ica. "We are excited about this new rela­ tific standpoint we would need repeat the Under the plan, PSIA will coordinate on tionship and about extending Subaru's test over with a larger group of individu­ a divisional basis with NSP to offer clin­ commitment to the sport." als. Although from a practical view as ics conducted by PSIA division trainers. To participate in the program, call the skiers we might now be a bit inclined to The plan is an effort on the part of NSP PSIA Member Information and Services say that the telemark condition takes more to offer its membership access to high­ Team (MIST) at 303 988-0545, or fax energy for an equal amount of work. quality ski training opportunities. them at 800 222-4754, and ask them to So what are the implications of knowing According to PSIA Education Director send you a voucher. You can only benefit more about the energy requirements of Linda Crockett, PSIA is looking forward from this program if you have the skiing? First of all, this knowledge is very to the opportunity to work more closely voucher. Subaru has limited the number useful to determine the type of physical with NSP and expect., the events to be of vouchers. so call soon if you are con­ preparation necessary to perform the task beneficial for both organizations. _ sidering a purchase. _ successfully. If indeed telemark skiing de-

INSTRUCTORS EDGE 7 Old-Time Pins

To be eligible to receive a 20 or 30-year pin, a member must have been a PSIA member for at Least 20 or 30 consecutive years, as of the end of the 1994/95 ski season. Accomplishment of these mile­ stones indicates a strong commitment to high standards of professional ski teach­ ing, and reflects excellent support of PSIA. Thank you and congratulations! If you believe you should be on one of these lists, but are not, please contact the office. 20 Year Pin Ernie Anderson Dfan Keiley Larry Asam Richard Lee David Bauer Kent Lundell Jeffrey Bayless David McCormick Daniel Blankstein Pam Mitchell Kerron Cozens Stuart O'brien Robert Davis Peter Russell Steven Dougherty Paul Swaner Kathryn Flanigan Bob Swenson James Hadden Pamela Wallis Robert Hammond Martin Wikstrom Loydene Hubbard­ Berg

30 Year Pin

The following members are the first recipients of the 30-Year PSIA Pin now being issued.

C.Craig Bennion J. Phil Jones Top: Dave Thurgood accepts 30-year pin from PSIA-I President Alan Titensor. Bill Briggs Danny Koester Bottom: Rex Ames doles out one of the many prizes he obtained forthe Spring Clinic. Jim Burris Lex Kunau Dave Bybee Robin Locke Stein Eriksen Max Lundberg Charles Fields Gene Palmer Quotable Dick Fry Clark Parkinson Stanley Fry Bonnie Pond By LAURIE SINDEL, ALTA John Gee Ed Pond Frank Gillette Charles H. Quinn Robert Grant Harry Reed Here are a few quotes I've collected. " Pretend that every single person you Sofie Hamilton Dean Roberts meet has a sign around his or her neck Allen Hartman Richard Seiger "Turning higher or lower is different that says, 'Make me feel important.' Not Ron Hill Dave Thurgood Terry Hines Richard Voorhees than turning early or late." - Steve only will you succeed in sales, you will Karrie Jenson James Wharton Bounous on racing. succeed in life." - Mary Kay Ash, Sid Jenson founder of Mary Kay Cosmetics, on ''Try to make the edge change while success. 40 Year Pin flexed." - Dee Byrne on retraction. "You might as well take your downhill Alf Engen Earl A. Miller "A turtle only learns something when he ski off and throw it away, since you're Bill Lash M. Earl Miller sticks his neck out." - Nancy Moore, not using it anyway." -Tim DeGenero, Friedl Lang Junior Bounous KSmith Maxine Bounous PSIA Women's College speaker, on fear AlfEngen instructor, on skiing flat light. Wood Anderson Lou Lorenz of failure. Bill Ashley Eddy Morris "You need a game plan so you have Hugh Olander Bob J. R. Smith "Not practice makes perfect, but something to deviate from." Keith Lang practice makes permanent." - Nancy -Shawn Smith, PSIA Demonstration Moore on practice. Team coach, on organization. •

8 INSTRUCTORS EDGE Note: From your point of view----PSIA: come is that skiers want to come What's the scoop. Reprinted from NSAA back-that's our goal. Member Update. February 1995. PSIA: We have customized the basic instruc­ tional program outlined in the American OU can't pick up a magazine nowa­ Teaching System. PSIA encourages eve­ days without reading someone's ryone to customize the system to meet Y opinion about how PSIA is a hor­ What's the their needs. ATS is a good basic curricu­ rible organization. It seems that PSIA is lum, but it cannot possibly be everything single-handedly responsible for the de­ to everyone; it has to be adapted. cline in skiing growth, the U.S. economic We have modified it to include separate slump, and quite possibly the war in Bos­ Scoop? lessons for six different age groups, for a nia. Well maybe there has been a little variety of lesson lengths such as one hour, exaggeration. One thing's for certain two hours, three hours, four hours and six though, there is a great deal of confusion hours. We offer all-day, half-day, and about just what PSIA does, who they are, By Jack Copeland, multi-day group lessons. We offer spe­ and how they fit into the ski industry. cialty ski weeks for groups, families and PSIA Is inherently confusing businesses. We consider our optimum First of all, PSIA isn't one organization. adult class size to be seven to one (stu­ It's ten! Each organization has a separate They don't want to be accountable to a dents to teachers). While we won't tum board of directors. They are incorporated standard. anyone away who wants a lesson, we do separately. They have separate budgets, However, ski teaching is potentially big make every effort to employ and train financing, and agendas. And, they intend bucks for ski areas. Not just in terms of enough instructors to insure small classes to keep it that way. revenues but in terms of liability. The area even at peak times. PSIA consists of a national umbrella is legally responsible for the actions of its All of these decisions support our basic organization and nine regional divisions. employees. Ski areas are therefore re­ mission. The programs, the instructors' The divisions are responsible for the ac­ sponsible for the training of all employees role and the ski school management tual testing of ski instructors. The national including ski instructors. strategies are solely our decisions. We organization is responsible for unifying PSIA runs instructor certification ex­ don't expect PSIA to involve themselves instruction around the country by devel­ ams. These exams recognize and acknow­ in these matters and we don't want them oping and distributing a standard method­ ledge instructor competency. They con­ to. ology called ATS, the American Teaching firm the qualifications of people calling We support, the PSIA exam process be­ System. The national organization also themselves instructors. One thing you get cause it fits our needs. It develops and establishes minimum test standards for all with certified instructors is tangible skills. recognizes high levels of communication, certification levels in all divisions across These skills are confirmed by testing. skiing and teaching skills. It is a very the country. However, certification tells you nothing powerful motivator for our staff. We use PSIA's structure, though confusing, is about personality. it as an opportunity to train our instructors similar to that of the other ski instructors No major ski area, that I know of, hires to higher levels of performance. associations around the world such as the instructors based solely on their skiing PSIA's role is to certify competent ski Swiss Ski Verband, The Austrian Ski Fed­ ability. If you are looking for outgoing instructors. That's all. We decide how to eration and The Ecole Du Ski Francais. personalities, you will have to emphasize use those instructors. The reason these organizations are so those values in your hiring clinics. PSIA If you are unsure about how the exam fragmented is that skiing developed re­ exams are not a personality test. process supports good teaching skills and gionally, not nationally. The divisions ex­ PSIA is also not in the program, devel­ values, you should contact the president isted long before the national body. In opment business. How you use your in­ of your PSIA Division to help you with most cases, the purpose of the national structors in your resort's programs and general and specific questions. Ski in­ body was to unite the regions and stand­ packages is up to you. Your programs and struction can playa powerful role in build­ ardize instruction throughout the country. the instructors' promotional role is up to ing a successful ski resort. Exactly what Which leads directly to the biggest point your management, not PSIA. However, that role is and how instructors are utilized of controversy surrounding ski instruc­ PSIA does offer ski school management is up to each individual ski area. tion, standardization. A lot of people seminars on program development, mar­ The scoop on PSIA is that it can help you don't want ski instruction to he stand­ keting, business management and person­ develop a solid core of quality ski teach­ ardized. This resentment is often bitter nel-related issues; they do not tell ski ar­ ers. You have to decide how you're going and emotional. PSIA gets caught in the eas or ski school directors how to run their to use them, because that's none of fire. Ski teaching is viewed by many as an business. PSIA's business.-J ack Copeland is ski expression of their personal freedom and At my ski resort, my owners, manager school director at Mammoth Mountain identity. and I have developed a mission for the ski Ski Area in California and chairman of Fact is, there are performance standards school. Our job is to make sure students the PSI A Steering Committee. for sports instructors. It's not hard to iden­ have a great time skiing and are success­ tify the characteristics of good teachers. ful. Every department in the company But that doesn't change human nature. plays a role in this process. And the out-

INSTRUCTORS EDGE 9 1994-95 Certification Results

David Hansen Sundance Christian Shutes Jackson Hole Alpine Level I Mark Hanson Grand Targhee Clay Smith Grand Targhee Thomas Hanson Powder Mountain Matt Snyder Wolf Mountain Brandon Adams Wolf Mountain Nephi Hawkes Deer Valley Tom Spencer Park City Jack Ahem Brighton Karen Haycock Deer Valley Shawn Stenmark Jackson Hole Melissa Allen Beaver Mountain Gwen Hays Alta Jill Sullivan Alta Richard Andersen Solitude David Heinemann Jackson Hole Greg Anderson Alta Jan Henriksen Brighton Joe Tate Wolf Mountain William Anderson Snowbird Michael Hodge Park City Kathryn Torello Deer Valley Rick Hoggan Deer Valley Dorothy Traiger Brighton Lyle Barton Wolf Mountain Kimberly Hopkins Pebble Creek Michael Tremel Park City Kenneth Bayer Brighton Stephen Howe Park City Marvin Bembenek Powder Mountain Steven Hymas Powder Mountain Joseph Venuti Brian Head Cali Bennett Deer Valley Steven Victor Powder Mountain Scot Bergeron Jackson Hole Chester Jacobs Brian Head Bruce Bicksler Park City Jaren Janke Brighton Daniel Wallace Park City Suzann Bird Powder Mountain Terry Jeffs Wolf Mountain Robert Webb Park City Jayne Blair Park City David Jensen Kelly Canyon Benjamin Wilson Jackson Hole Dave Boucher Powder Mountain Erik Jensen Powder Mtn Alton Winkelman Park City Kimberly Boyd Kelly Canyon Mike Jewett Powder Mountin Paul Woodin Snowbasin Whitney Boyer Sundance Randy Johnson Elk Meadows Phil Wood Brian Head Christopher Brindisi Jackson Hole R. lamar Jordan Brian Head KellieWoods Brighton Clinton Burfitt Brighton Curtis Wright Grand Targhee Richard Butler Kelly Canyon Kim Keffer Park City Devin Wright Sundance Usa Kirchenheiter Park City Jason Cameron Jackson Hole Donna Knudsen Sundance Wendy Carlson Kelly Canyon Wilhelm Kogelmann Park City Cecily Carney Park City Alpine Level II Amy Clemens Jackson Hole Jeremy Larsen Snowbird Danny Aldred Sundance Vickie Clough Kelly Canyon Casey Leavitt Grand Targhee William Anderson Snowbird Michael Conklin Snowbird Brooks lloyd Alta Tracey Connolly Park City Sloane Andrews Jackson Hole Julian Cordova Alta John Me Cray Park City Missy Berkel Alta Robin Corey Grand Targhee Mary Mc Entire Park City Bradley Blunck Grand Targhee Connie Cox Kelly Canyon Wanda Meyer Alta Jill Cramer Park City James Miller Deer Valley Michael Conklin Snowbird Timothy Moody Park City Kathleen Crowley Jackson Hoi Katherine Dallin Grand Targhee Frank Moran Elk Meadows Robert Decker Pebble Creek Donald Moseley, Jr. Jackson Hole Chuck Denwalt Park City Thomas Deis Powder Mountain Nancy Downard Deer Valley E. Ryan Dittmar Sundance Amy Nelson Solitude Bryan Dowie Deer Valley Steven Nichol Snowbird Michael Elwood Deer Valley William Dugdale Jackson Hole Amanda Niederhauser Beaver Mountain Holley Duncan Deer Valley Steven Fernow Solitude Sharee Oliver Brighton Dan Fuller Park City Corby Egan Sundance Kimberly Olsen Grand Targhee Kim Ellis Kelly Canyon Scott Olsen Brian Head Kent Ellison Wolf Mountain Pamela Grant Sundance Gregory England Deer Valley Eric Petersen Park City Chris Hayes Park City David Erekson Brighton Kevin Pigg Park City Andre' Heiber Park City Pete Erickson Jackson Hole Christopher Poepping Park City Noel Heslip Brian Head John Popple Park City Willie Holdman Sundance Joseph Feller Sundance James Potter Deer Valley Kathleen Hutcheson Park City Danny Flynn Park City Mark Purcell Deer Valley Corey Foster Kelly Canyon David Jorgensen Sundance lisel Freestone Sundance Alison Rehnberg Jackson Hole Christine Fulmer Jackson Hole Evan Ricks Kelly Canyon Michael Kelley Deer Valley Philip Robertson Wolf Mountain Kristopher Kelton Deer Valley Nathan Gardner Deer Valley Phillip Rowe Park City Cameron Gauld Wolf Mountain Joseph Kernan Park City Josie Gay Brighton Jared Schaalje Sundance Elizabeth Lockette Park City Joshua Goodman Jackson Hole Nancy Schafner Solitude Neil Lundberg Sundance Nathaniel Craig Gorton Jackson Hole Julie Schultz Deer Valley Douglas Gormley Deer Valley Nancy Seamons Wolf Mountain Richard Mackay Deer Valley John M. Gray Jackson Hole Debra Sebek Deer Valley Andrew Matthews Park City lisa Green Kelly Canyon Kori Shadrick Alta J. Scott Mc Gee Grand Targhee Maury Grimm Snowbasin Matthew Sheehan Park City Heidi Mc Kinstry Snowbird Hardy Sherwood Park City Kristen Hannay Wolf Mtn Heidi Moran Sundance

10 INSTRUCTORS EDGE Adaptive Level I Gerry Newton Elk Meadows Nordic Downhill Level II Dave Neierhauser Beaver Mountain Stephanie Brown National Ability Center Brian Bush Deer Valley Jonathan Charlton National Ability Center Usa Gordon Noelle Olpin Sundance Deer Valley Tracey Connolly National Ability Center Letitia Ussier Deer Valley David Petersen Deer Valley Christopher Conrad National Ability Center Willis Richardson Non Affiliated Douglas Dusenberry National Ability Center John Smith, Jr. Wolf Mountain Scott Richards Wolf Mountain Kourtney Holliday National Ability Center Jessie Whitmore Kori Shadrick Alta White Pines Natalie Streeter Park City Snowboard Level I Nordic Downhill Level III Brad Wagner Deer Valley Frank Weide Powder Mountain Curtis Chapman Wolf Mountain Brian Brassey Deer Valley Joel Wood Deer Valley Lance Cry Wolf Mountain Randy Huskinson Grand Targhee Jim Zeleznick Snowbasin Vern Goldsmith Snowbird Connie Knab Brighton Charles Hall Wolf Mountain James Ludlow Park City Justin Jones Wolf Mountain Steven Mc Farland Deer Valley Alpine Level III Erica Knight Wolf Mountain Skip Merkley Wolf Mountain Aaryn Lowerre Wolf Mountain Sean Railton Deer Valley Robert Ammann Jackson Hole Steven Nichol Snowbird Chris Searle Brighton Dan Autry Alta Jeffrey Orme Snowbird Lance Swedish Deer Valley Sue Skeen Wolf Mountain Greg Underwood Alta Andrew Baker Alta Aaron Webb Wolf Mountain Kyle Bracken Snowbird Shawn Wiest Wolf Mountain Nordic Track Level I C. Scott Cheney Alta Michael Collaer Pebble Creek Snowboard Level II Roger Anderson Pocatello Parks & Rec James Collins Jackson Hole Christopher Bloom Pocatello Parks & Rec Dustin Cooper Deer Valley Craig Brenchley Snowbasin Mark S~vers Grand Targhee Dave Carlson Wolf Mountain Michael Voorhees Pocatello Parks & Rec Michelle A. Dickson Sundance Stephen Connor Solitude James Dumas Deer Valley Lance Syr Wolf Mountain Todd Denlinger Wolf Mountain Nordic Track Level II Laura Fearon Jackson Hole Gregory Short Snowbird Jane Gissi Deer Valley Sue Skeen Wolf Mountain Christine Boyack Sundance Sandra Guzman Snowbird J. Russell Wong Snowbird Susannah Clutz White Pines Randy Hustinson Grand Targhee Douglas Halsey Jackson Hole James Hilding Snowbird Nordic Track Level III Stephen Holmsen Jackson Hole Snowboard Level III Eric Janes Deer Valley Brett Hunsaker Brian Head Samuel Palmatier Sundance Jessie Whitmore White Pines C. John Killen Powder Mountain Andrea Martin Snowbird Nordic Downhill Level I Robert Mulder Deer Valley Deborah Myers Brighton Helen Armstrong Solitude Chris Bunting Jackson Hole T. David Reynolds Jackson Hole Mark Deterline Sundance Tim Sattelmeier Alta Bruce Hennessey Jackson Hole James Schulz, Jr. Jackson Hole Tony Jewell Jackson Hole Chris Searle Brighton Richard Reese Grand Targhee Nancy Schafner Solitude Laura Todt Alta Justin Silcox Jackson Hole Lance Tweden Snowbird Ric Stattin White Pines Robert L. White Park City Carin Stimolo White Pines

PSIA INTERMOUNTAIN DIVISION 571-4123; Pebble Creek:Scott Rockwood 208 232-7998, Donna Erickson, 208 232-7613· Powder Mountain:Barbara Berry and Rick Berry, 801 782-5238; OtTlCers: President, Allen Titensor; Administrative V. P., Stew Marsh; Certifi- Snowbasln:Mike McConvill, 801 876-3110, Dick Mulder; Snowbird:Carlie cation Chairperson, Rodger Renstrom; Communications V.P., Dori Pratt; Edu- Siemel, 801 944-4520, Nona Weatherbee, 801 278-2140; Solitude:Lynn H. cation Chairperson, Jo Garuccio; Executive Secretary: Nancy Perkins; PSIA Suksdorf, 253-2355, Daily Oliver 801 487-9172; Sundance:Scott Warr, 801 Representative, Stew Marsh; Current Board Members: 1992-95, Ernie An- 785-6544; Chairperson:Lynn Suksdorf, Solitude, 801485-8423 (hm) 801461- derson, Shannon Kipp; 1994-95, Mike lllUrgood; 1993-96, Rex Ames, Dave 3234 (wk and message). Peck, Dori Pratt, Allen Titensor; 1994-97, Jo Garuccio, Stew Marsh, George Mosher, David Yovanovich; Instructor Representative Committee Mem- The Instructors EDGE, the official publication of the Professional Ski Instruc- bers: Alta:Lisa Robinson, 801 742-2016, John Musser, 801 9426144; Brian tors of America Intermountain Division, is scheduled to be published five tinleS Head:Mark Wilder 801 586-9603; Brighton:Rick Smith 801 596-8443, Dave a year at a non member subscription rate of$15, subscri~ions available t.hrough Strang 801466-1344; Deer Valley:Steve Weinstein, 801 645-8077, Kim M~y- the Division Office. Division Office: 2855 Pamela Dnve, Salt Lake City, UT hew, 801654-4241; Jackson Hole:Nathan Emerson 307 733-7969, Terry Snuth 84121, (80l) 942-2066. Editorial and Advertising Office: 4664 Oearview 307 733-3715; Park City:Phil Gratz, 801 486-8279, Rick Dunnebacke, 801 Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84117 (80l) 272-0854, Rodger Renstrom, Editor.

INSTRUCTORS EDGE 11 PSIA-I would like to extend its thanks and appreciation to the following companies and organizations which donated to the 1995 Clinic. PSIA-I would also like to thank and Solitude areas for hosting this past season's event!

The Instructors EDGE A publication of PSIA-I 2855 Pamela Drive Salt Lake City. Utah 84121 04-000824 L / / Opinions presented in the NORM BURTON EDGE are those of the individual authors and do not 1376 KINGSTON DRIVE necessarily represent the OGDEN, UT 84403 opinions or policies of the Professional Ski Instructors of America Intermountain Division.

12 INSTRUCTORS EDGE INalU Vol. 17 No.1 The Official Publication of PSIA-Intermountain FALL 1995

24,000 Strong PSIA Membership PSIA is reporting more than 24,000 mem­ bers as of its latest count. PSIA Eastern accounts for almost twice as many of the organization's members as any other divi­ Western (7.99%) sion with nearly 40 percent of the total. PSIA Intermountain ranks sixth out of nine divisions in total membership with a reported 1,547 members. We may not be big, but if you remember last winter, we Rocky Mtn (19.64%) sure have it good. Eastern (38.87%)

Northern Rocky Mtn (2.75%) PSIA Membership by Division Northern Intermountian (1.45%) Intermountain (6.41 %) Division Members % AJaska ...... 169 ...... 7.0% Central ...... 2,836 ...... 11.7% Eastern ...... 9,3,86 ...... 38.9% How does PSIA Intermountain fit into the official picture of PSIA? Here are the 1995 Intermountain ...... 1,547 ...... 6.4% PSIA membership figures based on division. Northern Intermountain ...... 349 ...... 1.4% Northern Rocky Mtn ...... 665 ...... 2.8% Rocky Mtn ...... 4,744 ...... 19.6% Western ...... 1,930 ...... 8.0% Northwest...... 2,524 ...... 10.5% Examiners Study Basics in Mammoth National ...... 24,150 By CHRISTINE KATZENBERGER, actively work throughout the tum. In ad­ dition, when speeds increase, as in the SNOWBIRD case of a super G or downhill race, and a PSIA Board Report racer uses an "A" frame to check speed: The 1995 National Examiners' College at there is a real chance of injury to the knee By S1EW MARSH, Mammoth Mountain, California was joint. The knee joint is not structured to geared toward skiing fundamentals in an handle the forces that arise at these speeds. PSIA BOARD REPRESENTA TIVE effort to help bring all divisions to similar To dial in the open stance, Sean had standards. PSIA Demonstration Team examiners practice runs leaving railroad­ Following are highlights ofthe 1995 PSIA Coach Sean Smith, who has worked ex­ track marks in the snow. We watched each summer workshop meeting and Board tensively with the US Ski Team, contrib­ other make slight turns out of the fall line meeting. As your board representative 1 uted to this goal by sharing six points of and checked to see if the skis left parallel believe it is important that you are aware skiing that emphasize basics. track marks without skidding. The exam­ of the happenings at these meetings. Each The six points of emphasis Sean covered iners were then allowed to try a super G ofthe PSIA -I board members has received have been a basis of training for the US tum. These were not connected turns, just the minutes of these meetings and if you Ski Team. Sean used a giant slalom focus one tum in a rounded shape out of the fall are interested in a copy please contact the to review most of the following concepts line. We were not allowed to ski connect­ office or myself. with the alpine skiing examiners. ing turns until we left true railroad tracks Summer Workshop Open Stance in the snow. At the summer national work session, a Open stance relates not only to how far Balance Zone good deal of time was devoted to discus­ apart the feet are, but also to how far apart The balance zone is formed by a fore and sion pertaining to the delivery of quality the lower legs, knee's and thighs are aft and side to side pOSitioning of the feet education materials that will be supported spaced. The legs should appear parallel that permits an even distribution of bal- rather than knock-kneed. An open stance continued on 2 is necessary to allow the inside leg to continued on 11 PSIA BOARD continuedfrom 1 Administrative Report throughout the association. Many repre­ sentatives to the national meeting ex­ pressed their desire to be involved in vari­ By S1EW MARSH; PSIA-I ADMINISTRATIVE V. P. ous aspects of planning and development for both ongoing and future projects. The As current Administrative VP I felt it important to infonn the membership of the board of directors and national office staff Divisions' fmaneial status. I intend to make this a yearly statement so that the are listening to these groups and making members are aware of the current fmancial status of the Division. the best effort to meet their needs. Listed below are the financial statements ofPSIA-I for the year ended June 30, As Mark Anderson reported, PSIA had 1995. If you have questions regarding them, contact Stew Marsh or Nancy Perkins. an exceptional year. The strategic plan If you wish a copy of the statements please contact the office. objective to recruit more members was accomplished. I hope that we can continue ASSETS EXPENSES JUNE 30, 1995 this pattern in years to come. He also Cash in savings ...... 7988.52 OECL hiring assessment ...... 1844.88 stated the desire to provide programs and Money MarkeL" ...... ,.. 64248.04 Alpine assessments ...... 13271.77 Savings, prepaid dues ...... 1383.00 Nordic assessments ...... 2335.84 services to new members. The quality of Certificates 01 deposit...... 31753.45 Snowboard assessments ...... 919.63 the The Professional Skier was an impres­ Returned checks ...... 0.00 Alpine clinics ...... 19780.42 sive accomplishment and continues to get BookslManuals Inventory ...... 3041.62 Nordic clinics ...... 1755.92 better and better. The national events were Pins Inventory .....•...... 2819.85 Snowboard clinics ...... 1018.00 well represented and we did succeed very Misc Inventory ...... 16n.32 Train the trainer ...... 775.78 well in Japan. Equipment ...... "'. 28626.81 DECL-Training Alpine ...... 1338.13 The agreement with Subaru of America Furniture and fixtures ...... 2357.06 DECL· Training Nordic ...... 541.17 was solidified and will represent a sub­ DECL· Training Snowboard ...... 456.93 Depreciation Allowance ...... -20756.21 stantial marketing avenue for PSIA. This TOTAL ...... 123139A6 Board of Directors...... 561.66 Certification committee ...... 1531.93 will be facilitated with various seminars LIABILITIES & EQUITY Education committee ...... 1531.93 held throughout the country. A Subaru Accounts payable ...... 0.00 SS Oirectors committee ...... 268.19 sponsored seminar will occur in March at PSIA dues, PSIA ...... 0.00 Children's committee ...... 668.63 Sundance. I look forward to this event and Prepaid dues, PSIA ...... 32550.00 Secretary contract...... 19911.17 what it may bring to PSIA-I. Prepaid dues, PSIA-I ...... 30264.00 Office assistant ...... 3268.93 Highlights of the board meeting: U01 U Ski Archives ...... 0.00 Professional fees ...... 1365.00 • Our board (PSIA-I) must continue to FICA & Federal withholding ...... 0.00 Awards and Hall of Fame ...... 395.72 recognize the need to request an action Bad debt expense ...... 371.00 State withholding ...... 0.00 plan for moneys for team involvement. Members equity ...... 55428.15 Book, manuals ...... 9543.14 YTO Income (loss) ...... 4897.31 Copying/printing expense ...... 2081.84 • National Academy dates are set for ar­ TOTAL ...... 123139A6 Depreciation expense ...... 3843.72 rival on April 19 and departure on 26. Edge publication expense ...... 5350.63 The academy will include Demonstra­ INCOME STATEMENT Insurance expense ...... 2188.43 tion Team tryout training. Team tryouts Period ending June 30, 1994 Bank charges ...... 22.04 will begin on Sunday, April 28 and go OECL hiring assessment...... 2500.00 Misc expense ...... 2561.79 through the following Sunday. Alpine assessments ...... 16553.50 Mise sales! accessories ...... 158.94 • The 1996 summer meeting is scheduled Nordic assessments ...... 3085.00 Office rent ...... 2100.00 for June 6-10 at Copper Mt. Snowboard assessments ...... 1655.00 Office storage locker...... 350 .40 • An issue of Board concern was the pro­ Alpine clinics ...... 26002.50 Office supplies ...... 1920.96 Alpine, train the trainer ...... 1025.00 Pins ...... 457.68 posed membership age limit of 16 Nordic clinics ...... 1675.00 Postage and freigh!...... 3584.95 years. There was much discussion of Snowboard clinics ...... 1244.00 Repairs and maintenance ...... 1253.89 this matter and the fact that it may incur Alpine dues ...... 38651.00 Telephone expenses ...... 866.39 a liability issue was brought forth. Also, Nordic dues ...... 2232.00 Travel-President ...... 450.95 it was believed this might be a ski area Snowboard dues ...... 1396.00 Travel-Secretary ...... 750.07 management issue, not a PSIA national Adaptive dues ...... 235.00 Travel-Education chair...... 241.02 issue. It was moved to table this motion Ski School dues ...... 850.00 Travel-Board of Directors ...... 618.38 Travel-Miscellaneous ...... -1000.00 until the board obtains a legal opinion Retired member dues ...... 30.00 regarding the ramifications. Edge income ...... 55.00 TOTAL EXPENSES ...... 111258.65 Interest income ...... 2718.05 • Additional sections of The ABC's of Inventory sales ...... 11686.86 NET INCOME OR LOSS ...... 4897.31 . Ski School Management will be pub­ Other income, mise sales, fate fees lished. Included will be: Marketing of Past dues ...... 2009.00 the Ski School, Auditing of the Ski Transferfees ...... 254.05 School and Customer Service, and Returned check fee ...... 1841.00 "Where to Find List" of reference ma­ ·TOTAl REVENUES ...... 116155.96 terial; books, articles, computer pro­ grams, videos, speakers, etc.

2 INSTRUCTORS EDGE • A competition will be held for members to design a new "Ski with a Pro" win­ dow (bumper sticker). Prize money will Communication Message awarded to the winning designs. The following members of PSI A-I were given lifetime membership in PSIA and By DORI PRATT, PSIA-I COMMUNICATION V. P. PSIA-I for their support and dedication to the profession of ski teaching. Greetings from your Communication V.P. I hope your summer has gone well and Earl Miller, member number 155: Cer­ everyone is looking forward to the upcoming winter. I would like to take this tified in 1951. Earl has been a ski area opportunity to print a report that I gave to the B.O.D. on June 4 1995. I would like designer, ski coach and ski school direc­ to reiterate and remind every member of their special privileges, not only as a tor. His most notable contribution was the member of the board but also as a member of our honomble institution, PSIA-1. invention of the ski brake and the Miller I am guessing that all of you, including myself, would like to see some positive releasable binding. changes in this organization. Well, let me give you the good news about positive Dean Roberts, member number 177: changes. Positive changes can happen because you have volunteered for your Certified in 1957: Dean was the Director organization and there is even more good news about volunteering. of the ski school at Solitude for 20 years. He was a PSIA-I board member for eight You are needed! You have made the right choice! Congratulations! years and an examiner for many years. Volunteering looks good on your resume. Gene Christiansen, member number Volunteering provides a sense of fulfillment. 312: Gene has been teaching skiing full Volunteering is a chance to "give back" to your organization. time the last 30 years at Alta. In 1975 he Volunteering is the politically correct thing to do. was a PSIA Demo Team alternate. He Volunteering is an educational experience. was a PSIA-I examiner during the 1970s. Lastly, be comforted in knowing that you have volunteered for a noble cause, a Please congratulate these fine individu­ non-profit organization. als when you see them skiing, they are truly due this recognition in our industry. So, now is the time, step forward and be heard. Remember your organization needs The budget was the fmal item that was you. See you on the slopes. Thanks, Dori Pratt discussed. Once again PSIA Executive Director Steve Over presented a budget that remained balanced and in line with other associations our size. It is my belief Snowboard, JETs, Nordic Team Selection that this association continues to operate in a manner that has prevented any dues The responsibility for selecting repre­ • Certified Level III member in good increases to its members due to the dili­ sentatives for the PSIA National Snow­ standing with the Division. gence of the national staff and the board board, Nordic, and Junior Education of directors. Teams has been placed with the divisions. • Currently employed full-time at a ski Finally, I would just like to remind the Each division will be responsible for se­ school and active within the Division. membership of the partnership that PSIA lecting one representative for each disci­ now has with Subaru of America. The pline who will also serve as their disci­ • One-page resume benefits to any member or family who pline's national committee member. purchases a new Subaru the opportunity PSIA-I's selection process will take place • One-page explaining why you would to receive a $500 rebate on any Subaru in the spring. be a good team member and committee model after all negotiations have been The process for determining team mem­ chairperson. completed. Please feel free to contact my­ bers has yet to be determined and will be self or MIST at the national office. There based on the number of applicants. Selec­ • Personal commitment signed by your will also be a workshop at Sundance spon­ tion possibilities include: ski school director confirming avail­ sored by Subaru, March 8-10. More de­ ability for team and committee respon­ tails on this event will follow. 1. Selection based on applications-in­ sibilities. Ovemll, I believe the general atmos­ cluding resume', letters ofrecommen­ phere of the workshops and the board dation, interview, etc. • A technical paper (not to exceed three meeting was productive. As PSIA contin­ 2. Selection based on video taped per­ pages) based on discipline-specific ski ues to grow, more and more account­ formance and application. instruction. ability is expected in all areas. I believe 3. Selection based on on-snow perform­ that Mark Anderson and the current Board ance and application. • Two letters of recommendation: ski of Directors are very active listeners to the 4. Other options to be determined. school director and cross-discipline concerns of the membership and the direc­ person. tion the teaching profession is taking. I am Application requirements are subject to open to any suggestions from our Board change, but will most likely include: Additional information will be printed or the membership at large. _ in the EDGE as it becomes available. _

INSTRUCTORS EDGE 3 NSRA Pro Form Orthotics Control Foot Motion in Athletes

Process Explained By JOHN SENATOR, D.P.M. Many ski professionals and racers are so obsessed with obtaining a tight boot fit The National Ski Retailers Association By definition, an orthotic is a shoe/boot that they will often use boots one to two has announced the development of a pre­ insert that contours an individual'S foot sizes too small in an attempt to limit extra ferred list of NSRA ski shops who have providing arch support, as well as decreas­ motion of the foot. Of course, ltwel of requested to service instructors and pa­ ing pronatory and supinatory forces that comfort dramatically decreases, and ski­ trollers when they purchase equipment on pass through the foot. Orthotics/foot beds ers are able to tolerate the boots only for one of the special purchase programs. are either rigid, semi-rigid or soft. Rigid the duration of the run. Actually the "tight "We understand from conversations orthotics can be fabricated out of one of fit" theory is applicable to skiers of all with the Professional Ski Instructors of several types of rigid materials such as levels. Because joints of the foot can move America and the National Ski Patrol that acrylic, metal, or a relatively new mate­ within the ski boot, the skier will buckle many professionals had difficulty finding rial, carbon-graphite. the boot too tightly in an attemptto control shops that would handle their purchases," Extensive clinical research has proven excessive motion. This leads to ischemic Richard Bohr, president of The Ski & the effectiveness of rigid orthotics in con­ pain (pain due to decreased blood circula­ Sport Plus, Chagrin Falls, Ohio, and chair­ trolling abnormal foot motion. Limiting tion) and neuritis (irritation of nerves). man of the NSRA Special Projects Com­ excessive (abnormal) motion in the foot The rigid orthotic eliminates excessive mittee, said. "So we are compiling a list of has been shown to reduce the incidence of motion, thus eliminating the need to NSRA member shops who would like to injury in athletes. Health professionals buckle too tightly. Many skiers will notice work with ski professionals." have used rigid orthotics in treating abnor­ a feeling of looseness when using rigid The list, together with a Special Pur­ mal biomechanics in athletes ranging orthotics because they no longer need to chase Eligibility Form, will be available from marathoners to professional football squeeze the foot to achieve the same level to PSIA and NSP members who send a players with great success. Little if any of control. self addressed envelope to the NSRA of­ research has been performed on the effects Another advantage of the rigid orthotic fice. The listings are by state and contain of rigid orthotics on skiing biomechanics. is they will maintain their original shape addresses, phone numbers, and key con­ Although, those of us in the sports medi­ for a lifetime. Softer orthotics will often tacts at the Shops participating. These cine field are well aware of the tremen­ lose their original contour within several shops will have copies of the purchase dous advantage rigid orthotics offer to the months of usage, thus decreasing their forms. recreational and professional skier. Per­ initial effectiveness. For the average skier Since the 1992/93 ski season, ski profes­ formance and comfort are often dramati­ this may not present a problem, however; sionals have received the Special Pur­ cally enhanced with rigid orthotic use, racers often win or lose by fractions of a chase Eligibility Form attached to The however, these are subjective findings and second and need every possible advan­ Professional Skier or Ski Patrol Maga­ difficult to document in a clinical setting. tage. zine. However, there was no information Researchers speculate that the purpose In conclusion, the benefit of using a rigid on shops supporting the program The of a rigid orthotic in a ski boot is to limit orthotic is two fold. First, to increase boot form, almost identical to the form used tile excessive motion at certain joints in the comfort desired by all skiers. Second, to past three years ,requires approval by a ski foot. Motion of the foot in the ski boot increase performance on the slopes allow­ school or patrol director. becomes more restricted maintaining the ing a racer to shave fractions off course Ski professionals may get the list of path of energy transmission from the body times. - Dr. John Senatore is a staff shops participating in the program by directly to the ski. All motion, from the podiatrist at Union Memorial Sports sending a self addressed stamped enve­ hip, knee, and ankle is transferred directly Medicine Center, Baltimore, MD and lope (52 cents postage) and a photocopy to the ski without any unnecessary move­ president of Quick Edge Custom Foot­ of their membership card to the National ment in the foot. This translates to better bed Corporation. Ski Retailers Association: National Ski edge control and less muscle fatigue. Retailers Association, 1699 Wall Street, Mt Prospect IL 60056. Manufacturers place certain limitations on their pro form programs. Restrictions include the equipment that may be pur­ Adaptive Alpine Ski Clinics chased and the level of PSIA/NSP mem­ bership required to participate in the pro­ Conducted by the National Ability Center, Park City, Utah gram. "The National Ski Retailers Asso­ ciation is encouraging participating shops Nov 18-19 Nov 29-30 Dec 9-10 Jan 6 to supplement manufacturer's programs to include working ski professionals Call Kim or Brook at 801649-3991 to register. Clinics are $25 per day, includes pass. sometimes not included under manufac­ Clinics in monoski, bi-ski, 3-track, 4-track and blind techniques. Open to professional turer programs," NSRA managing direc­ instructors and volunteers. tor Thomas B. Doyle said _

4 INSTRUCTORS EDGE Accessories • Books • Manuals Welcome Remember, when you order your manuals and accessories through the PSIA·I office you are helping support the Division. ITEM # DESCRIPTION NON-MEMBER MEMBER the PRICE PRICE SHIP

01C 02C PSIA·I Blue binder ...... 10.00 3.00 3.00 1995-96 03C PSIA Lapel Pin ...... , N/A 4.00 NC 04C PSIA·I Certified I Pin (bronze)...... N/A B.OO NC 05C PSIA·I Certified II Pin (silver) ...... , N/A B.OO NC 06C PSIA·I Certified III Pin (gold) ...... N/A B.OO NC Ski Season! 07C ATS: Alpine Skiing Manual ...... 49.90 24.95 3.00 OBC ATS: Alpine Skiing Video (Part 1) ...... 39.90 19.95 2.50 09C ATS: Alpine Skiing Video (Part 2) ...... 39.90 19.95 2.50 10C ATS: Snowboard Skiing Manual ...... 35.90 17.95 3.00 PSIA Intermountain 11C ATS: Alpine Set (Manual & 2 Videos)...... 99.90 49.95 3.50 12C ATS: Full Set (Both manuals and videos) ...... 129.90 59.50 3.50 Lecture Series 13C ATS Strategies for Teaching ...... , .... 10.00 5.00 2.00 14C ATS·H Alpine Handbook ...... 27.90 14.95 2.00 15C ATS·C Child Centered Skiing ...... 49.90 24.95 3.00 • 16C ATS·N Nordic Handbook ...... 27.90 14.95 2.00 November 28 17C 1BC ATS Snowboard Handbook ...... , .... 27.90 14.95 2.00 P eiformance:

19C ATS Children Handbook ...... 27.90 14.95 2.00 How to Train the Mental 20C ATS Children's Development ...... CALL 21C ATM III Teaching Concepts ...... 12.00 6.00 2.00 Abilities 22C ATM Methodology ...... " 6.00 3.00 2.00 23C Captain Zembo's Ski Teaching Guide for Children .. 6.00 3.00 2.00 Tom Miller, 24C Introduction to Ski Teaching ...... 12.00 6.00 2.00

25C Effective Teaching & Training ...... 10.00 5.00 2.00 Ph.D. Sports Psychology 26C Whitmore Library, 2197 E 7000 S, SLC 27C pm 2BC Risk Management in Ski School...... B.OO 4.00 2.00 6:30·8:30 Sign up limited to 65 Postage and Handling, See Item, maximum $5.00 charge for multiple items. Orders should include: nanIe, status, ID number, shipping address, item number, item description, quantity ordered and total remittance. • NAME ______December 5 STATUS. ______ID·NUMBER, ______What's Happening on the SHIPPING·ADDRESS______World Cup and How and CITY______STATE ZIPCODE,______When Does it Apply to Us? Item#:_ Dese. :, ______Quantity: __ Total priee:, ____

Item#:_ Dese.: Quantity:__ Total priee:___ _ Tim Ross, MANUALS/ACCESSORIES TOTAL: ______Coach's Education Director ADD 6.125 PERCENT UTAH STATE SALES TAX: ______US Ski Team POSTAGE AND HANDLlNG:.______TOTAL DUE: ______Whitmore Library 6:30-8:30 pm Sign up limited to 65 SEND ORDER WITH FULL PAYMENT TO:PSIA·I, 2855 Pamela Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84121

INSTRUCTORS EDGE 5 PSIA-I Alpine Calendar Clinics Feb. 11 - 24 President's Week Feb. 26 assess. prep (topics TBA) 8:30 am Beaver MI. NOVEMBER Feb. 27 Variable Conditions 8:30 am Powder Mt Nov. 18 Train the Trainer Part 1* 6:00-9:00 pm Snowbird, inv. only (will include 3 Snow Cat rides; price for clinic $45.00) Nov. 19 Train the Trainer Part 2* 8:30 am Snowbird, inv. only MARCH Thanksgiving - Nov. 23 March 5 M2, M3 8:30am Sundance March 5 S2, S3 8:30am Sundance Nov.28 Lecture: Performance: 6:30-8:30 pm Whitmore Library March 8 T2, T3 8:30am WolfMI. How to Train the Mental Abilities 2197 E 7000 S SLC March 8 Bumps 8:30am WolfMI. Tom Miller, Ph.D. Sports Psychology Sign up limited to 65 APRIL Easter Sunday - April 7 DECEMBER Dec. 5 Lecture: Whars 6:30-8:30 pm Whitmore Library Spring Clinic - A Wasatch Front Affair! Happening on the World Cup and How and When Does It Apply to Us April 12 Spring Clinic 1:30 pm - 4:00 pm Park City Tim Ross, Coach's Education Director US Ski Team April13 Spring Clinic-Alpine 8:30 am - 4:00 pm Park City Sign up limited to 65 April 13 Spring Clinic-Snowboard 8:30 am - 4:00 pm Brighton Dec. 3 Ski Improvement 8:30am Alta April13 Spring Clinic-Nordic 8:30 am - 4:00 pm Solitude Dec. 13 Train the Trainer Part 1* 6:00-9:00 pm Loc. TBA, inv. only April14 Spring Clinic-all disciplines 8:30 am - 3:30 pm Snowbird Dec. 14 Train the Trainer Part 2* 8:30 am Deer Vly, inv. only Spring Clinic will be an EVENT; unlike the Ed College where you Christmas Week - Dec. 20 - Jan. 2 may attend one or both days, the cost of Spring Clinic will include 2.5 days of skiing and the banquet plus assorted goodies! Banquet JANUARY will be held in SLC; watch Edge for any lodging discounts in SLC Jan. 7 S2, S3 (assessment prep) 8:30am Jackson area. Jan. 7 Ski the Steeps 8:30am Jackson Jan. 8 M2, M3 (assessment prep) 8:30am Targhee END OF SEASON! Jan. 8 T2, T3 (assessment prep) 8:30am Targhee Jan.10 M2, M3 8:30am Solitude * Please note that two Train the Trainer Clinics are on the calendar. The Jan.10 T2, T3 8:30am Solitude intent is to provide ski school staff trainers with up-to-date information Jan.10 Ski Improvement 8:30am Solitude concerning education and certification-to keep them in the divisional Jan. 10 S2, S3 8:30am Brighton loop so that they are beller prepared to share information and answer Jan. 10 Master Teacher 8:30am Brighton questions in their ski schools. The clinic is not designed to teach instruc­ tors how to be trainers. Those instructors should be looking at topics Martin Luther King Day - Jan. 15 (Jan. 12-15) such as "Master Teacher."

Jan. 17 M2,M3 8:30am Elk Meadows Jan. 17 S2,S3 8:30am Elk Meadows Assessments Jan. 18 T2, T3 8:30am Brian Head Jan. 20 Ed College 8:30am Deer Valley Jan. 21 Ed College 8:30am Deer Valley JANUARY Jan. 5 Levell Assessment 8:30am Jackson Ed College will include a children's seminar, introduction to teach­ Jan. 18 Levell Assessment 8:30 am Brian Head ing disabled skiers, an on-snow alignment clinic with John Feig, A Jan. 22 Levell Assessment 8:30am Solitude ski improvement seminar for National Ski Patrolmen plus general skiing and teaching topics. FEBRUARY Feb. 4 Levell Assessment 8:30am Pebble Creek Jan. 22 Regional Selection 6-9:30 pm SLC,TBA Feb. 5 S2 Assessment 8:30 am Targhee National D-Team Try-outs Feb. 6 S3 Assessment 8:30 am Jackson Jan. 23 Regional Selection 8:00am Snowbird Feb. 8 S2, S3 Assessment 8:30am Deer Valley Jan:24 Regional Selection 8:00am Snowbird Feb. 27 Levell Assessment 8:30am PowderMI. Feb. 28 T2, T3 Assessment 8:30am Snowbasin Selection and criteria for Nordic, JETs and Snowboard TBA by Jan. 1, 1996; decisions will be made in the spring. MARCH Mar 1 T3 Assessment 8:30am Jackson Jan. 30 S2, S3 Part 1 6-9 pm Park City Mar 2 T2 Assessment 8:30am Snow King Jan. 30 T2, T3 Part 1 6-9 pm Park City Mar 6 Levell Assessment 8:30am Sundance Feb. 1 S2, S3 Part 2 6-9 pm Park City Mar 7 S2, S3 Assessment 8:30am Elk Meadows Feb. 1 T2, T3 Part 2 6-9 pm Park City Mar 20 S2, S3 Assessment 8:30am Brighton Mar 28 T2, T3 Assessment 8:30am Brian Head

FEBRUARY APRIL Feb. 3 assess. prep (topics TBA) 8:30am KeUyCanyon Apr9 T2, T3 Assessment 8:30am Alta Feb. 6 M2, M3 Part 1 6:00pm Nordic Valley Apr16 S2, S3 Assessment 8:30 am Snowbird Feb. 6 Race (SL or mod. GS) PI. 1 6:00pm Nordic Valley Apr16 T2, T3 Assessment 8:30 am Snowbird Feb. 8 M2, M3 Part 2 6:00pm Nordic Valley Feb. 8 Race Part 2 6:00pm Nordic Valley Note: unless otherwise specified, all PSIA Intermountain clinics cost $30 per day. PSIA-I Snowboard & Nordic Calendar Snowboard Clinics Nordic Assessments DECEMBER JANUARY Dec 15 Level I Assessment Sundance Jan 11 DECL Training 2 8:30am Targhee Jan 12 Level II Riding Prep 8:30am Jackson JANUARY Jan 12 Level III Riding Prep 8:30am Jackson Jan 6-7 N/D Assessment II & III TBA Jan 21 Ed College 8:30am WolfMtn Jan 19 Levell Assessment Pocatello Jan 22 Ed College 8:30am WolfMtn Jan 24 Track Assessment II & III Jackson &25 FEBRUARY Feb 25 Level II Teaching Prep 8:30am Wolf Mtn. FEBRUARY Feb 25 Level III Teaching Prep 8:30am WolfMtn Feb 10 N/D Assessment II & III Jackson & 11 Mar 2 DECL Training 3 8:30 am Brian Head Feb 13 Levell Assessment Teton Pines April 12 Spring Clinic 1:30 pm - 4:00 pm TBA Feb 22 Track Assessment II & III Pocatello April 13 Spring Clinic-Snowboard 8:30 am - 4:00 pm Brighton &23 April 14 Spring Clinic-all disciplines 8:30 am - 3:30 pm Snowbird MARCH Mar 12 Track Assessment II & III Sundance Snowboard Assessments &13 Mar 13 N/D Assessment II & III Solitude JANUARY &14 Jan 13 Levell Assessment 8:30am WolfMtn Mar 22 Backcountry Assessment II & III Tetons Jan 31 Levell Assessment 8:30am Brighton 23 & 24

FEBRUARY Please sign up early for clinics early so they don't get canceled. Feb 12 Level II Riding Assessment 8:30 am Solitude Feb 13 Level III Riding Assessment 8:30 am Solitude

MARCH Mar 18 Level II Teach Assessment 8:30 am PowderMtn Mar 19 Level III Teach Assessment 8:30 am PowderMtn

One clinic is a prerequisite for each level of certification. In addition. a second clinic is strongly recommended. Deadlines for registration are two weeks prior to event. You must have your name in the office no later than the two-week deadline to be considered for the event. Call Nancy Perkins if you have questions. And please, remember to sign up for clinics early so they don't get canceled. New Quick-Edge Custom Footbeds are extremely strong Nordic Clinics and light. Fashioned of Car­ DECEMBER bon-Graphite, Quick Edge Dec 1-4 DECL Selection and Training Solitude reduces wasted motion, helps Dec 16 NID II & III Park City transfer more energy from feet Dec 18 Track II & III Teton Pines to skis, and reduces muscle JANUARY fatigue. Thoroughly tested in Jan 8 NID II & III Jackson the lab and on the slopes, Jan 19 Backcountry Clinic TBA(South) Jan 20 Education College: NID Clinics Deer Valley Quick-Edge is considered Jan 21 Education College: NID Clinics Deer Valley indispensable by ski instructors Jan 12 Track II & III Solitude and ski professionals. Priced at FEBRUARY just $139.95 (includes S&H), Feb 5 Track II & III Pocatello your custom made Quick Edge Custom Footbed is Feb12 NIDII&1I1 Solitude available direct from the manufacturer or your local APRIL ski shop. April12 Spring Clinic 1:30 pm - 4:00 pm TBA April13 Spring Clinic-Nordic 8:30 am - 4:00 pm Solitude April14 Spring Cfinic·all disciplines 8:30 am • 3:30 pm Snowbird PSIA-I Education Education Comer Foundation Spring

By JO GARUCCIO, PSIA-I EDUCA nON CHAIRPERSON Clinic Scholarship

Its hard to believe that another season is about to begin. It seems like just yesterday By GEORGE MOESHER that I hiked out of Dalton's Draw on the 4th of July at Snowbird. And, since my Triathlon season won't be complete until Nov. 11, I am just a little confused. But A common comment on my clinic evalu­ here goes. We have spent the summer arranging the calendar, looking for new talent, ation forms has been, "how's about a free and editing information. We hope to bring you a more di versified education program clinic?" The "free clinic" isn't here yet, and add a little creativity to the assessment process. Watch for information on a pilot but we're getting closer. teaching exam we hope to conduct during the spring. The formation of the PSIA-I Education Here is a sneak preview of some of the up-coming events. Foundation allows the opportunity to Fall Lectures provide clinic scholarships to members Lecture topics are new and different, so plan on signing up early. The limit on the of the Division. The first scholarships room at Whitmore Library is 75, and we will accept 65 applications. And, hear this! will be in the form of three $50 tuition We are not allowed to accept money at the door - Salt Lake County Library rules. supplements to be awarded next spring So, you must sign up at the office. If you show up at the door, you will be sent away. for this season's Spring Clinic. The Sorry! Also, no food or drink allowed. scholarships are available to Certified This year, PSIA-I will host Tom Miller, Ph.D. Sport Psychology on Nov. 28. Tom Level II and III members only. has worked with the US Biathlon and Cross-country teams in the areas of individual The Education Foundation was in the and team performance. Tim Ross, Coach's Education Director for the US Ski Team works well before I became directly in­ will be our guest on Dec. 5. Tim has been instrumental in training ski coaches volved. Shannon Kipp has gone out of her throughout the country, and truly has witnessed performance at its' very best. way to make the foundation a reality. As Tom will discuss performance and how to improve your mental abilities. Accord­ a member of the Board I discovered an ing to Tom, as athletes and coaches of sport, we train the physical side and generally underlying mission statement within the pay little attention to the mental side. As ski teachers, we are expected to perform Board, to do whatever we can to support at our best everyday. Perhaps by learning a few mental skills, we can bypass those the mem bership. The creation of the Edu­ nerve wracking situations at the top of "Great Scott" and coach our students to do cation Foundation and this season's three the same. scholarships reflects that commitment. Tim will take a look at the World Cup and discuss where and how "what the World Scholarship applications will be ac­ Cup Skiers are doing" applies to us, and where it quite possibly does not! He gave cepted January 1 through March 1. The a similar lecture at the coach's seminar in Mammoth in May and it was very well requirements are: received. Come listen to information generally not available to ski teachers. It's a must for all instructors looking for new and innovative ideas. • A typed essay that includes: • A paragraph that describes your pro­ Lecture location: Whitmore Library, 2970 E 7000 S SLC fessional history, including your certi­ fication status, where you are em­ For instructors in faraway places, we hope to tape both lectures for future viewing. ployed (and for how long), and what your duties are (a supervisor, chil­ Education College dren's program, racedepartment,etc.). Ed College agenda will be available in the Dec. Edge. but just to encourage your • A paragraph stating why you should be appetite for information, here are a few of the options planned so far: considered for this scholarship. • A paragraph that states how this schol­ Children's Seminar arship will benefit you professionally Introduction to Teaching Physically Challenged Skiers and academically. Indoor/On-snow Alignment Clinic with John Feig and DECL members • Two letters of recommendation from Ski Improvement Seminar for National Ski Patrol Members employers, clinic leaders, or college A New Master Teacher's Seminar professors who have a professional in­ All The Regular Stuff terest in you.

Regional Selection for National Demonstration Team Tryouts If you are awarded a scholarship, you For all instructors planning on going to regional try-outs for the National Demo will be required to summarize your expe­ team, start pulling your application materials together now. In addition to the riences during the clinic in an article for standard assessment application appearing in the EDGE, you will need a resume', The Instructors Edge, the official publica­ tion of the PSIA-I. The scholarship appli­ continued on next page cation form, printed on the next page, will also be available through ski schools. •

8 INSTRUCTORS EDGE Jon Miya PSIA Hires Marketing Coordinator Audrey Pertinger has been hired as she sold corporate sponsorship for tele­ PSIA-I member Jon Miya, an instructor NSP/PSIA Marketing Coordinator. vised sporting events. at Powder Mountain Ski Resort, died July Audrey's background includes four Her responsibilities will include imple­ 9 after diving into Willard Bay to rescue years with Rollerblade, Inc. where she menting advertising and sponsorship ef­ his two daughters. developed sponsorship, cross promo­ forts for NSP and PSIA. Audrey will also Jon was a loving father who loved life. tional relationships, and events for sev­ be involved with catalog development, In addition to being a professional ski eral Fortune 500 corporations. Most re­ support for teams, and implementation of instructor, Jon enjoyed hunting, fishing, cently, Audrey acted as event sponsorship electronic communication efforts. _ camping, boating and golfing. Jon's love manager for SportS tar USA, Inc., where of people took him to Kaysville Jr. High School were he strived to make learning science fun and interesting. EDUCATION continued/rom 8 Jon was born August 31, 1954 in Salt Lake City to Kazuo and Edith Oda Miya three letters of recommendation-including one from your Ski School Direc­ and grew up in Layton. He graduated tor-and a two-page paper, with one page each on the following subjects: from Layton High in 1972 and Weber State College in 1986. • role and responsibility of the Alpine Team and its members He is survived by his wife, Sharon Youd _ your personal and professional goals Miya; children, Ryan, Annie and Beth; In addition, candidates for the national team must meet the follOwing criteria: parents, Kazoo and Edith Oda Miya; _ U.S. citizenship brothers, Paul Reed Miya and David Glen • Certified Level III Miya. _ • Full-time ski educator or coach • Can commit 30 days per season to PSIA

Articles for next EDGE due: Cost for regional tryouts: $100 Cost for national tryouts: $125 Future Photos November 22 Dust off those cameras! PSIA-I is having a photo contest. Winning slides and photos will be shown at the Spring Clinic Banquet. Watch for photo criteria in the Send directly to editor at address in back of EDGE. next "Edge"-great prizes and lots of fun.

i------~------, I Spring Clinic Scholarship Application

Please take advantage of this scholar­ ship opportunity and then consider us­ Scholarship applications accepted January 1, 1996, through March 1, 1996. ing your skills and becoming involved Name: ______in the Education Foundation.

I Ski School: ______I • The foundation's Ways and Means I I Committee is responsible for fun­ I I Street Address:. ______I draising and is the base of support for I I the foundation. Contact Mike Thur­ I good at (801) 645-8724 to aid in fund City: ______State: Zipcode: ______: I raising. I Telephone: ______Member Number: ______: • Work on the foundation's Project Committee includes judging awards Ski Director's Signature: ______and finding opportunities to enhance membership services through spon­ Return completed application, essay, and letters of recommendation to: sorship of professional lectures, re­ search, and publications. PSIA -Intermountain Attn: George Mosher Go one step further and volunteer. 2855 Pamela Dr. Salt Lake City, UT 84121

------INSTRUCTORS EDGE 9 PSIA Intermountain Division Alpine/Nordic/Snowboard Event Registration Pre-registration Is required for all clinics and assessments, there will be NO registration at events. DEADLINE FOR REGISTRATION: 14 days prior to event (unless otherwise noted).

I am registering for: D General Clinic D Assessment D Spring Clinic Type of Event: D Alpine 0 Snowboard 0 Nordic

Please Print Name: Phone: First Last Address: Street or Box City State Zip code o Please check here if this is a new address and you wish it recorded in the office.

Certification Status: DEL DC1 DC2 DC3 Certification Number:1 ~------~ Your Ski School: ------Event Location: ------Pick Topic From Schedule: ______Date(s) of Event: ______

Indicate Group Preference for Clinics (if applicable): D Moderate D Aggressive

Event Cost: $30 per one-day clinic (6 hours) $40 for Certified Level I Assessment and Workbook ($25 Assessment and $15 Workbook) $45 for Certified Level II and III Skiing/Mech Assessment Total Amount: ______$45 for Certified Level II and III Teaching/Mech Assessment

Assessment Registration Requires Director's Signature: ------REFUND POLICY: Notice given before deadline, full refund; notice given after deadline but before event, 50% refund; no notice gven to office prior to event, NO REFUND. Mail to: Nancy Perkins, Secretary, PSIA-I Division Office, 2855 Pamela Drive, Salt Lake City, Ut 84121 Release of Uability for Participation in PSIA-I Education or Certification Function I, the undersigned, have requested to attend the Professional Ski Instructor of America Intermountain Division (hereafter MPSIA_I'') education or certification function led by a PSIA-I designated clinic leader or examiner (hereafter MEvent Facilitators''). I am fully aware that the PSIA-I Event Facilitators are not trained or qualified in the areas of avalanche stability evaluation, routa finding, first aid, or any type of rescue, and that the Event Facilitators are trained only to teach skiing. ski instruction, and related topics, and evaluate skiing and teaching performance. As a professional ski instructor, or experienced skier requesting participation in this event, I fully accept and understand the responsibility for my personal safety, behavior, and performance. I am fully aware of the risks I am undertaking and release and forever discharge PSIA-I, Its officers, directors, employees, agents and all persons from any and all claims, injuries, damages, expenses, or actions arising from or related to my participation in the PSIA-I sponsored event and under no circumstances or eventuality will suit be filed against PSIA-I, its officers, directors, employees. or agents from any injuries resulting from participation in this program. I also agree to incorporate by reference all the provisions of the Utah Risk of Skiing Act (when applicable), and Your Responsibility Code as endorsed by the Professional Ski Instructors of America.

Print Name: ______---'Signature:~ ______o Event participants must be 18 years old or older. You MUST check this box to verify you meet this age requirement. EXAMINERS continued from 1 another. This action is both fore and aft constantly respond to accelerating and de­ and side to side. To be able to make those celerating forces and recenter our weight ance. While sitting or standing, place your railroad tracks in the snow we needed to to allow the ski to work. feet in the position you use to finish or plan the direction and shape of the tum When we take a step forward to begin initiate a turn. Notice how much of a ski and move our bodies with our skis walking, we start our upper body and hips lead you have. Slide your "downhill" foot throughout the tum, no static posing. The forward, and note that there is a point only way to make the skis track was to continued on 12 where your weight shifts to one of your heels while the toes of your other foot point upward. You are now out of the balance zone. The point here is to use only Certification Comer that amount of ski lead that allows the skis to remain parallel and eliminates diver­ By RODGER RENSTROM, PSIA-I CERTIFICATION CHAIRPERSON gence of the inside ski. Excessive lead of the inside ski makes it difficult to initiate Believe it or not, now is the time to start preparing for certification. Those of you a tum, puts us in the back seat, and does who have visualized yourselves skiing while in-line skating this summer have taken not allow for a parallel stance. a step in the right direction. Now keep up the good work. Lay your skis on the snow, or your carpet The Master Plan revision should be ready by mid December. This revision will at home, so they form an open stance with contain certification requirements, a basic study guide, and background information very little ski lead. Note the imaginary to help your studies. In the meantime, here are a few suggestions to help you succeed: parallelogram formed by the binding's toe • Read. Written test material will come mostly from: the Master Plan revision, ATS and heel pieces. Now move one ski for­ II, ATS Children's Development, ATS Alpine Handbook, and ATS Children's ward so that the toe piece of one ski is in Handbook. Start with ATS II chapters 1, 2, the Appendices, and the study the middle of the toe and heel pieces of the questions in Section II. Study the C.A.P. model in ATS Children's Development. other ski. Note the change in the shape of • Develop a plan. Laokat the calendar and create a certification plan, including the parallelogram. Imagine how the offset clinics. Don't wait. Identify your skiing improvementneeds ASAP. Most people of the bindings would be duplicated in the who have difficulty with the skiing portion ofthe exam need work on basics. Don't knees, hips and upper body. Play around plan to simply practice demos; commit yourself to refining basic movements. with this using extremes and try to visual­ Develop an agenda with a ski school trainer to begin training as soon as your area ize the position of the entire body every opens. Set aside at least 30 minutes a day to practice basic drills. time you move the skis. Recentering The assessment format remains basically unchanged. Complete information will Recentering refers to the movements re­ be published in the December newsletter. Until then, remember what mom always quired in order to move from one tum to said, "the early bird catches the worm."

It's Classified THE NATIONAL ABILITY CENTER, located in Park City, SKIER'S FRIEND The easiest to use, smallest ski shar· Utah is accepting applications for Head Coach of the Park pener available. Out of your pocket quick edger that auto· BRIAN HEAD RESORT has openings for full· time ski and City Disabled Ski Team. Qualifications are current certifi· matically adjusts to edge bevels. PSIA special- $9.95 + cation USSA Level I or II Coach with three years alpine $2.00 S&H. Check to AdvantEdge Products, Inc., P.O. Box snowboard instructors. Join a great team and train with Jerry Warren twice a month. Call 801 677-2035 for appli· coaching experience. Call (801) 649·3991. 524, Williston, VT 05495. Quality made in Vermont. (VT residents please add 5% sales tax.) cations or further information. BRIAN HEAD RESORT has a new children's ski school program! Positions are available for full·time ski and snow· EARN $50 FOR REFERRALS when your lead results in SKI INSTRUCTORS, SKI GUIDES, SKI PATROL and resort services positions available at Royal Gorge, North board instructors. Don't miss out on the exciting world of a rental for Skiers Accommodations of Utah. We oiter2,3,4 children's ski school. Call Jani Sutherland, 801 677-2035, and 5 bedroom Townhouses at the mouths of Big and LitUe America's largest cross country ski resort. Call (916) 426· 3871 or write for an application top PO Box 11 00, Soda for applications or further information. Cottonwood Canyons. Contact Tom and Nancy Kronthaler, information (801) 943·2426. Springs, Ca 95728.

PSIA INTERMOUNTAIN DIVISION 232-7613; Powder Mountain:Barbara Beny and Rick Beny, 801 782-5238; Snowbasin:Mike McConvill, 801 876-3110, Dick Mulder; Snowbird:Carlie Oft'"lCers: President, Allen Titensor; Administrative V. P., Stew Marsh; Certifi· Siemel, 801 944-4520, Nona Weatherbee, 801 278-2140; Solitude:Lynn H. cation Chairperson, Rodger Renstrom; Communications V.P., Dori Pratt; Edu· Suksdorf, 253-2355. Daily Oliver 801 487-9172; Sundance:Scott WaIT, 801 cation Chairperson, Jo Garuccio; Executive Secretary: Nancy Perkins; PSIA 785-6544; Chairperson:Lynn Suksdorf, Solitude, 801485-8423 (hm) 801461· Representative, Stew Marsh; Current Board Members: 1993-96, Rex Ames, 3234 (wk and message). Dave Peck, Dori Pratt, Allen Titensor; 1994-97, Jo Garuccio, Stew Marsh, George Mosher, David Yovanovich; 1995-98 Danny Edwards, R. Richard Mul­ The Instructors EDGE, the official publication of the Professional Ski Instruc· der, Mike Thurgood. Instructor Representative Committee Members: tors of America Intennountain Division, is scheduled to be published five times Alta:Lisa Robinson, 801 742·2016, John Musser, 801 9426144; Brian a year at a non member subscription rate of$15, subscriptions available through Head:Mark Wilder 801 586-9603; Brighton:Rick Smith 801 5%-8443, Dave the Division Office. Division Office: 2855 Pamela Drive, Salt Lake City, UT Strang 801466-1344; Deer Valley:Steve Weinstein, 801 645-8077, Kim May­ 84121, (801) 942·2066. Editorial and Advertising Office: 4664 Cleatview hew, 801654-4241; Jackson Hole:Nathan Emerson 307 733-7969, Teny Smith Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84117 (801) 272-0854, Rodger Renstrom, Editor. 307 733-3715; Park City:Phil Gratz, 801 486·8279, Rick Dwmebacke, 801 571-4123; Pebble Creek:Scott Rockwood 208 232-7998. Donna Erickson, 208 Next Edge Deadline: Nov 22

INSTRUCTORS EDGE 11 EXAMINERS continued from 11 in the snow, and I don't think anyone was the skis to wash out and a loss of pressure able to perform consistently. buildup and edge turning force. In order in motion so everything moves ahead to­ Inside 1/2 strengthening to ski arc to arc you must concentrate on gether. We move our upper body and hips Sean focused on the fact that much of upper body, hip and hand position. further forward as we move from a walk the skiing population does not ski with a Pole use to a run. Of course, if we keep moving our disciplined upper body. Many of us lack Pole use may be the most difficult thing upper body we may eventually fall face precision in how our upper body lines up to get right. We began our practice by first into the ground. In skiing, we need to with our lower body. Think back to last holding our poles with all of our fingers, move our upper bodies and hips enough winter when you were traversing out to a which gave us added awareness of where to keep aligned over our feet and balance powder shot. Did you let your arms hang our hands, forearms, and shoulders were zone. How far we move will be deter­ low by your side, or swing which ever way related to our body. Then, while skiing mined by the amount of acceleration, de­ felt good? Did you pay attention to how railroad tracks, we lifted the baskets of celeration, andourneed to stay in balance. you held your torso, whether it be in the our poles and held our poles parallel to the Maintaining even contact with the fronts direction you were going or down the hill? snow, concentrating on not touching our of both boots through active use of the We practiced traversing while keeping pole tips on the snow. Sean next had us ankle joints helps a skier sense the move­ the inside 1/2 of the torso strong and swing our poles in the direction of the ment needed to recenter. Lateral adjust­ facing in a direction that would allow the intended turn, being careful not to swing ments align the hip with the feet and com­ lower body to work with the terrain. Sean our hands or arms around the inside 1/2 pliment the edge angle needed for the explained that the upper body can compli­ of our body. The point was brought up not speed and radius of the turn. Moving lat­ ment what the lower body does, but the to make the pole motion with a back and erally does not mean taking the hip and hands and arms can bring the upper body sitting position, like we sometimes teach, camping out on the inside of the tum. out of alignment. We do not focus on this but to swing the pole into the future so that Arc to Arc part of our body enough. It is easy and the upper body and hips also move into Maintenance of speed and flow is im­ comfortable to let our hands swing, or the future. proved when turns are made from one allow our hands and arms to subtly rotate So here are some idea's to think about clean arc to another. We had to use ski at the end of a turn, causing the skis to slip while fmishing up the rest of your hiking, design-what the ski was meant to away. To get into the next turn we may biking and blading. After working on do-to maintain those railroad-track lines have to pivot our skis to bring us back into these very basic and specific items we in the snow while connecting turns. alignment. could see that the group's skiing became Everything must work together-open Our progression started from a straight much cleaner and more cohesive. The stance, balance zone and recentering. We run into railroad tracks, to arcs and into an experience was beneficial for me and I spent quite a few runs watching each uphill christie while maintaining a strong hope this information can give you some other try to tighten the tum radius using inside 1/2 of the upper body. I got it once, added energy to transfer to your skiing more boot pressure and ankle flex and still or maybe even twice, and I know that's this winter. - Christine Katzenberger leave clean parallel tracks. We gave feed­ what I'll be working on come fall. A weak is a PSIA-I DECL and National Junior back on body position, ski lead and tracks and poorly diSCiplined upper body causes Education Team Member

BULK RATE U.S. POSTAGE PAID SLC,UTAH PERMIT NO.4383

The Instructors EDGE A publication of PSIA-I rlO-· 000('1 1 3 2855 Pamela Drive rK) / Salt Lake City, Utah 84121 VENT MI~nTHEv.m / BOX L~60 Opinions presented in the EDGE are those of the HUNTSI,.'IL.L.E, UT individual authors and do not necessarily represent the opinions or policies of the Professional Ski Instructors of America Intermountain Division.

12 INSTRUCTORS EDGE INsrRU Vol. 17 No.2 The Official Publication of PSIA-Intermountain WINTER ONE 1995

Perfonnance: Mental Preparedness, World Cup Technique pertise. PSIA Intermountain made that Ross. Miller shared his experience with By RODGER RENSTROM possible for instructors this fall with the the mental aspects of performance Nov. PSIA-I Lecture Series. 28 and Ross discussed evolution in elite People who are serious about learning The lecture series highlighted sports World Cup skiing Dec. 5. Both lectures continually reach out to hear what others psychologist Tom Miller, Ph.D., and US were held at Salt Lake City's Whitmore have to say about a particular area of ex- Skiing Coaches Education Director Tim Library.

Tom Miller Tim Ross

The Mental Aspects of Performance World Cup Ski Technique om Miller, who along with University of Utah Sports im Ross likes to evaluate World Cup skiing on the basis Psychology Professor Keith Henschen, recently finished of what has, and what hasn't, changed over the last dec­ Tthe first draft of a book on the mental aspects of perform­ Tade, but he emphasizes one thing for elite racers and ance, stresses that mental preparation involves more than telling recreational skiers alike: balance, balance and more balance. yourself or your students to relax. "Being the slightest little bit out of balance makes it impossible Miller describes performance as the "public, on-demand dem­ to be competitive at the World Cup level," said Ross. To get a onstration of functional skills, abilities and knowledge." It's the feel for the small size of a skier's balance zone, Ross suggests public and on-demand aspects of performance which cause gently rocking back and forth while standing on the floor in street problems for many athletes and excites Miller. "Mind manage­ shoes. How far forward can you lean before your heels barely ment stuff, that's the cool stuff," according to Miller. begin to lift off the floor? How far backward can you lean before Most of us have heard of the "zone," that state of mental being your toes begin to lift? The zone of balance which keeps your that permits an athlete to produce extraordinary results. Miller hips centered over your feet is small. Unfortunately, the length believes all athletes live in a zone of some sort. of the ski permits a skier to move way out of balance. The No Zone: Miller's "No Zone" is the mental state-of-being "The fast people have impeccable fore/aft balance and they are experienced by an athlete when things aren't working. always in a centered position," said Ross. He believes exquisite The Zone: The "Zone" exists when the physical state, mental balance is one of the things that has changed on the World Cup. state and emotional state come together. What Has Changed The O-Zone: The "O-Zone" occurs during those special periods 1. Strength and fitness of athletes. Ross said that today's of peak performance. racers are stronger than ever before.

continued on 2 continued on 2 he believes his concepts are easily applied to instructors taking an assessment or Presidents Message teaching skiing to nervous guests. "Per­ fonning is a process, not a result," said By ALLEN TITENSOR, PSIA-I PRESIDENT Miller. "Focus on the process and the re­ sult takes care of itself." Your Board of Directors has assigned me the task of outlining the cost increase in Fear of failure often interferes. with a educational clinics from $25 to $30. As this has been the first fee increase in years, student's ability to learn to ski; instructors the Board was not only hesitant to pass it but adamant in wanting the membership often fail to recognize the need to prepare to be aware of the factors involved in their decision. students for learning. It is easy for instruc­ Of course the primary reason is increasing costs in the educational process. The tors to become so intrigued with what they membership has requested smaller clinic groups. Education Chairperson Jo Garuc­ want to teach that they forget what teach­ cio has really worked hard to achieve this goal; and in reviewing last season's ing is all about. "You don't teach skiing," numbers you can see that she has succeeded. The average clinic had six participants. explained Miller. "You teach people to The math is simple; smaller clinic groups, smaller revenues. The other factor ski. Keep it in that order." _ involved Is the necessity to provide insurance for the clinic leaders. At the last Ski Instructors Representative Committee meeting, Cheryl Fox from the Deer Valley Ski School asked if the increased fees were going to education costs. WORLD CUP continuedfrom 1 An excellent question. I was able to respond that, yes they were going to education. Which allows me to cleverly shift to the topic of your SIRC. 2. Athletic skill. Today's World Cup The SIRe was the brainstorm of "Roper" when he was president. Since it's racers are better trained and more inception, it has been very successful in keeping your Board of Directors infonned skilled. of membership concerns. This group's suggestions have been responsible for 3. Equipment Significant changes in the structure of PSIA Intermountain and continues to be a Ski side cut: much more radical. factor in ski teaching. Unfortunately, a few schools are doing all the work and Ski materials: skis aren't built the providing the input. The committee can only become more successful with increased way they used to be. participation. If your school has not had the chance to select representatives (each Boots: better link to the ski. school is allowed two), please offer your services to your director. As overworked Lifters: greater leverage. as she or he is at this time of year, I know they would appreciate it. If interested in Dampening devices: quieter skis. the SIRe please volunteer your time run. If selected, please serve. Ross said another change in World Cup racing is harder to explain. "A huge MENTAL continued from 1 possible aspect of the upcoming event and change is the way the athlete's have made developed strategies for otherwise unex­ better use of gravity," he said. Skiers have Miller believes the psychological aspect pected distractions? When an athlete fol­ modified tum shape and movement pat­ of perfonnance "is the difference" when lows a program that successfully answers terns to resist gravity as little as possible comparing elite athletic performances. these questions, then the mind is free to and use it to accelerate. "Stress responses are common, it's part of focus on the process of perfonnance. What Has Remained The Same? being human," said Miller. The key to According to Miller, one of the greatest 1) Natural laws of physics. mental strength comes from an athlete's obstacles to peak performance involves Effects of gravity. willingness to follow a structured pro­ an athlete's ability to mentally separate External forces. gram designed to prepare for every aspect themselves from the task at hand. "The 2) Biomechanics of competition. According to Miller, ultimate in control is the ability to let it Using skeletal vs. muscular when an athlete possesses the ability and go," explained Miller. You have to be able structure for support. skill to perfonn at a high level and falls to separate who you are from what you are Multiple joint flexing. short of their expectations, something's doing. Too often, athletes let fear of fail­ wrong with the program, not the athlete. ure-and a potentially bruised ego----keep Why study the World Cup? "World Cup Perfonnance programming requires the them from reaching their potential. skiing is often where the innovations athlete to take responsibility for estab­ "When you talk to the greatest perform­ come from," said Ross. "Technique drives lishing a foundation of physical, mental ers, during the time they are performing, technology and technology drives tech­ and emotional readiness. Building this they have no ego. Ego is a fabrication of nique." The current World Cup trend in foundation involves specific steps that al­ your mind," explained Miller. tum shape is an example of one World low the athlete to focus attention on the Fear of failure is a factor of an athlete's Cup innovation. process of perfonning rather than the fear inability to objectively assess a situation "It's more of a coma-type turn than a of performing. and poor preparation. "Anxiety is worry J -type tum," said Ross. The change in tum Has the athlete truly committed them­ about what might happen," said Miller. shape developed out of the racers' desire selves to the process of preparation? Does "You need to train like a scientist so you to complete more of the direction change the athlete possess the physical skills and can perform like an artist." high in the tum. This change in tactics and abilities to perfonn-is the athlete prop­ Although Miller used perfonnance ath­ erly trained? Has the athlete studied every letes as the foundation of his presentation, continued on 5

2 INSTRUCTORS EDGE The PSIA Intennountain Education College

Alpine & Nordic: Deer Valley, Snowboard: Wolf Mountain r Alpine Theme: Try Something Different!

Saturday Jan. 20 Sunday Jan. 21

Introduction to Adaptive Skiing:mono-ski and blind disciplines Teaching Students on Parabolics (taught by the staff from the National Abilities Center in Park City; limit: 10) Ski Improvement:Moderate Ski improvement:Aggressive Ski Improvement:Moderate Ski improvement:Aggressive Advanced Mogul Skiing:Stu O'Brien; limit: 10

Introduction to Mogul Skiing:Stu O'Brien; limit: 10 Tweens and Teens:teaching 12 to 15-year-olds Balance and Alignment with John Feig:includes indoor and on-snow sessions; limit: 16 Fall Line Skiing at Deer Valley:Moderate

Fall Line Skiing at Deer Valley:a mountain experience with an emphasis on various types of short turns - Aggressive Please see the Education Corner for clinic explanations

Income steady, some expenses grow needed outside income which supports PSIA 1994-95 We had a total combined income of many of our valued member services. $1,184,498. PSIA is financially healthy, Expenses are focused through our Financial Report able to sustain quality programs and serv­ strategic plan. ices, and is ready to expand support for PSIA's 1994-95 expenditures totaled By STEW MARSH, PSIA-I our long-term goals. $1,158,082. This figure, which exceeds Membership dues continue to be the the 1993-94 total by $251,709, incorpo­ NATIONAL BOARD MEMBER largest single source of income for our rates general operating expenses plus pub­ association, amounting to $750,505. This lications expense, marketing, insurance, PSIA publishes its financial statements is an increase of$25,255 over the previous education committees and programs, each year, but the numbers in this report year, which translates to a membership training programs, teams. research and tell only part of the story. We also want increase of 842. The national dues remain development, and member services. The the members and others who may be in­ at $30.00 per year for the 1995-96 season. largest portion of the additional expense terested to know how our income is gen­ The remaining revenue was from non­ is attributed to the purchase of a ware­ erated and how it is spent on behalf of the dues sources. The second largest source of house facility in Lakewood, CO. membership. The following will provide income is from sponsorships which gen­ Within these broad categories, we align you with a 1994-95 summary of consoli­ erated $136,718. The remaining revenue spending closely with our long-term dated financial statements for PSIA and was from advertising, $92,601; accessory goals, the most important goal being to the PSIA Education Foundation. To make catalog sales, $126,772; events $31,570; improve the educational product we offer it easier to understand, all the figures be­ interest, $37,846; and miscellaneous in­ the member and supporting the work of low refer to the combined totals of both come of $8,486. our committees and teams. All of our associations. These figures are taken from As you can see, the association relies goals-based activities support the associa­ the PSIA and PSIA-EF combined finan­ heavily on non-dues income that is in tion's fundamental commitment to serve cial statements, provided by an inde­ many ways dependent on the overall fi­ our members at the divisional, national, pendent auditor,. and cover the July 1, nancial well being of the ski industry and and ski areas. 1994 to June 30, 1995 fiscal year. economy in general. We are hopeful that we can continue to generate this much- continued on 12

INSTRUCTORS EDGE 3 SIRe Stirs the Stew Certification Comer By CHERYL FOX, DEER VALLEY

By RODGER RENSTROM, :PSIA-I CERTIFICATION CHAIRPERSON At its November meeting, the Ski Instruc­ tor's Representative Committee spent The PSIA Master Plan revision should be back from the printer shortly. How will more than half of its time discuss·ing the the revision differ from the original "Blue Book, , what is its purpose, and who should volatile reaction that the Board of Direc­ immediately obtain a copy? tors' exhibited over the SIRC's findings What's different last year. During meetings over the course The original Master Plan was conceived to be a guidebook for clinic leaders and of last season, the SIRC came up with ,examiners. The evolution of the clinic and exam process required an update to several issues that members at large had information. In addition, the new Master Plan is specifically designed to be a communicated to their various SIRC reps. guidebook for all members. Lynn Suksdorf, SIRC chairperson, pre­ What's the purpose? sented these issues to the Board last June. The revised Master Plan provides a resource for the following information: The problem arose over the SIRC's suspi­ • An introduction to PSIA Intermountain and PSIA. cion of unfairness in the current Level m • A guide to the standards and requirements for each level of membership. certification process. Apparently the BOD • Basic study guides for Certified Levels n and III. had not been aware that there was wide­ • Teaching and technical reference supplements to existing PSIA publications. spread dissatisfaction among the member­ Who should obtain a copy? ship on this topic. Anyone planning on attending a certification assessment should definitely obtain Both PSIA-I President Alan Titensor a copy ()f the Master Plan revision as soon as it is available, especially instructors and BOD member Stew Marsh attended preparing for Certified Level n and III exams. The office will notify ski schools as the recent SIRC meeting and were able to soon as the plan is back from the printer. Refer to the requirements and standards explain the BOD's somewhat confronta­ for the desired certification level and begin covering the material in the study guide. tional reaction to the news that people Preparation for exams should have already begun. might be unhappy with the certification Whether you are young, old, a children's specialist or a versatile veteran, the key process. Surveys that assessment partici­ to passing a certification exam lies in the preparation. The study guides included in pants fill out have indicated that people the Level n and III sections of the Master Plan revision are designed to help you are satisfied with the process. That is not, with long-term preparation; but, here are a few ideas to help you get started: however, what members have been telling Skiing their SIRC representatives. Objectively assess your skiing skill level. Are you capable of meeting the certifi­ The SIRC's objectives for the coming cation standards for the Level you seek? season reflect this discussion. First: of all, Level I candidates must demonstrate good balance throughout aU skiing tasks. the SIRC has asked for a statistical analy­ These instructors should be good parallel skiers on all groomed blue terrain. sis of who is passing and who is failing the Level II candidates must also demonstrate good balance through all skiing tasks. Level III exams. Once that infonnation Level II candidates should be able to ski a variety of turn shapes, ski various snow has been provided, the committee will conditions, and ski variable terrain commonly skied by Level 7 recreational skiers. formulate responses to the members' con­ Remember, however, that instructors are not simply expected to ski the terrain, they cerns of unfairness in the system. are expected to ski it with skill and confidence. Two other objectives focus on educa­ Level III candidates must be capable of skiing in balance. with confidence and tional issues. First, the SIRC would like to finesse on all but the most extreme terrain and conditions. This does not mean that consider a proposal for Senior Certifica­ the skier has to be a testosterone-hyped-razzle-dazzle hot dog. But it does mean that tion that would be for and would serve the the skier must demonstrate a refined use of ski design and the skill to efficiently deal older skier. The committee is also inter­ with all conditions that may be encountered. ested in what exactly the Level III instruc­ For example: the skier may not rip down the zipper of a huge bump field, but tor wants from PSIA-I. In other words should show the skill to negotiate the terrain in a fluid and controlled manner while what types of clinic, what types of serv­ maintaining dynamic balance. Skiers who are frequently kicked into the back seat ices, would make paying PSIA-I dues a or stall out between turns are not demonstrating refined skills. pleasure rather than a burden? If you have For example: Level III skiers should be capable of making short, round, carved answers to these questions or information turns on hard-pack or in loose snow while maintaining a consistent rate Of descent to contribute please let your SIRC repre­ and showing excellent body discipline---all while skiing fluid transitions from turn sentative know. to turn. Finally the SIRC reelected Lynn Obviously, everyone gets tossed off balance and "looses it" once in a while but, Suksdorf, Sundance, as chairman for the believe it or not, examiners look at the overall picture for each task performed-they coming season and Sheri Whitmore, Peb­ ble Creek, as secretary. The committee continued on 12 would like to remind you all that Board of Director elections will take place this sea-

4 INSTRUCTORS EDGE -

son, so check with Nancy if you're inter­ ested in running. Finally, the meeting was attended by representatives from Pebble Education Comer Creek, Snowbasin, Alta, Sundance, and Deer Valley. If you do not know who your By 10 GARUCCIO, PSIA EDUCATION CHAIRPERSON SIRC representative is, or if your ski school is not represented at these meet­ I heard a great "weather story" the other day. An instructor at Park City asked Roper ings, please talk to your ski school direc­ when it was going to snow. He said, "If I could answer that. you would be tor, or call Lynn Suksdorf at (h) 801-253- worshipping ME on Sunday mornings!" I guess "old" ski instructors really do have 2355 or (w) 801-957-3234. The next a sense of humor after all. SIRC meeting will be held in Ogden at But on to more serious stuff. You will find the agenda for the Ed College in this 6:00 p.m. on Friday, January 12th. • newsletter and if you plan on attending, get those applications in quickly. We have tried to present a varied choice of clinics, especially for all those Level II and III Certs looking for something new and exciting. Here is a brief run-down ()n the topics: WORLD CUP continued/rom 2 Introduction to Adaptive Skiing will include a brief indoor session outlining the technique led to an equipment change that latest equipment and information on teaching skiers with disabilities. Participants has influenced recreational skis. will experience a blind situation and learn to operate a monoski. Sign up early. Clinic Ski manufacturers responded to the rac­ space is limited to 10 (if we have more requests, we will see about adding a second ers' turn shape by producing more radical clinic leader). side cut skis. The radical side cut at the World Cup level has encouraged the new Ski Improvement is an old stand-by and will be offered both days with groups hourglass skis at the recreational level. for the moderately sane and the aggressively fool-hardy! Although Ross believes there are many The mogul clinics with Stu O'Brien were a big hit last year, and participants were factors influencing world-class perform­ really excited after a day of drills and spills. Stu is an excellent teacher and pretty ance, he keeps returning to the issue of dam good in the bumps for a retired guy. And, believe it or not, Deer Valley has balance. His emphasis on balance relates some great teaching mogUls. The intro group will spend a little more time on the to the skier's need to move effectively and basics and ski more moderate bumps. The advanced group should be prepared to ski utilize ski design. "If a ski racer is ever all bumps on the mountain. Limit: 10 participants per day. skiing in a static position, then they can't be competitive with the best skiers in the The Alignment Clinic adds a new dimension to the latest boot balancing infor­ world- because the best skiers are al­ mation. In addition to an indoor session, instructors will take their knowledge and ways in a state of dynamic motion," ex­ questions out on the hill with John Feig and a DECL. It will be a hands on approach plained Ross. to recognizing balance and alignment problems in ourselves and our students. (Note: Watching World Cup skiing can be a we did not say fix; we said recognize.) Limit: 16 valuable way for instructors to learn about technique, but Ross stresses that people The Fall Line Clinic will be tested at Deer Valley and hopefully added to our list should study skiing, not just watch a few of speCialty clinics. Expect to ski a lot and make many, many little turns. Moderate runs and come to quick conclusions. "You groups will go a bit slower and spend more time on learning how to ski a good, solid see these guys racing every tum on the short tum. Aggressive groups will explore all short tum options and where they are absolute all-out edge," explained Ross. appropriate. Bring your slalom skis for this one! You need to watch a lot of World Cup video-and be careful-to make sure The Parabolic Clinic will be spearheaded by our "s" ski specialist, Carl Boyer. what you think you see is really occurring. If you haven't skied parabolics yet, you owe it to yourself and your students to do How is something happening? When is it so. Explore the differences between radical sidecut and conventional skis and grab happening? Where is it happening? a few pointers on instructing students who show up with the latest ski technology. Observers of World Cup video often take one moment out of context and apply Tweens and Teens takes a look at that awkward age where "kids" need to be in the images from that momen t to all aspects ski school but don't necessarily want to be there. What makes them tick and how of skiing. "It's a move, it's a position can you motivate them. And, all you folks who have been teaching the same things that's totally wrong," cautioned Ross. for 10 years, many of these ideas work with adults too. Ross also cautioned instructors to re­ So, step out of that bag on Jan. 20, and challenge yourself with some unfamiliar member who they are teaching. "When territory. Ever wondered how those guys in monoskis maneuver or even get on the teaching racers we're trying to maximize chair? Never make anything but GS turns? Why not "get small." Need a Valium acceleration; when teaching the public before the 7th graders from "In Your Face" Junior High School arrive for the we're trying to minimize acceleration," he afternoon? Take a look at Teens and Tweens. said. "The technique that we're going to And, above all, pray for snow, or much of PSIA-I will be in the "down the road" teach the public and the technique we're position. For all you old Killingtonites, remember, that's knees flexed, thumb out going to teach the racers are going to be and menial last paycheck in hand! two different things." •

INSTRUCTORS EDGE 5 cenario 1: You are greeting your experience in board sports, and has no lesson of first-time snowboarders. clear preference, baseball batting stance, S Everyone is excited, happy and Coaching tennis serving stance, lead foot in per­ ready to get started. As guests fasten their forming a cartwheel, takeoff foot on a front feet in bindings for some thrilling basketball lay-up are all reasonably good flat-land exercises, you discreetly check indicators. Ask them if they were going to equipment and see one person with a mi­ in the be in a tug a' war against another person, cro boot in a mega binding. The straps, which foot would they prefer irt front. fastened all the way shut, do not even Another great way to determine stance come close to touching the boots. There is (and to warm up!) is to have the guest hop a tremendous amount of, well, space in the Rental Shop? across the room on one foot. The hopping whole setup, and the boot moves freely foot is a good foot to put in front. within the confines of the binding. The bindings should be set in such a way Scenario 2: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar ar­ By LOWELL HART, STOWE that they position the feet about shoulder­ rives for another private carving lesson, width apart. this time carrying the high performance 3. ADJUSTING BINDINGS demo you recommended, rented from the Bindings should be positioned so that shop. You can't help noticing that the the toe and heel of the boot are directly bindings are mounted straight across the Correctly setting up over the edges of the board. The boot board. As he fastens his feet to the bind­ should not overhang the sides of the ings his size 18 feet overhang the edges by rental equipment is in - board, nor should it be positioned so that a good three inches on either side-like a it does not reach the board's edge: either boat rack on a bicycle-and each time he everyone's best interest. way will make it exceedingly difficult to tries to tip the board up on its edge his feet effectively edge the board. hit and lift the edge out of the snow. It's very important that the bindings are Scenario 3: After years of planning, hard correctly adjusted. Steering and edging work, and a grueling three-week ascent, are a few suggestions that you may want skills are impossible to learn or perform you are finally on the summit of Everest, to share with the rental shop at your area when bindings are loose fitting, so it's nervous but ready for an exacting first and with neighboring rental operations: important to check each setup be/ore it descent of the world's highest mountain. 1. Determining Size goes out. Hard boot bindings need to be As you fasten your climbing boots into the Sizing snowboards is a lot like sizing tight enough to firmly hold the boot. bindings of the snowboard you rented alpine appropriate for the height and Check the strap tension on soft boot sys­ back in Katmandu, you notice a signifi­ weight of the guest. A correctly sized tems: the straps should fasten the boot cant amount of play between the bindings snowboard should generally reach some­ snugly without the ratchet mechanism and the board. Loose bindings! You've where between the rider's chest and nose. backing off against the tensioning lever. left your screwdriver back at Base Camp Boots should be correctly sized for the (There should be atleast one inch between to conserve weight but are undaunted, and guest and snugly fastened (this sounds the ratchet and the lever.) launch into a first swooping tum off the obvious, but be aware that guests some­ Young children will generally learn summit (one for the record books!)-only times are issued too-large boots because faster in a hard boot system; they usually to have both bindings pull out of the they are the only ones left in the shop). do not have the muscular strength or co­ board, directly over the 11 thousand-ver­ 2. Determining Stance ordination to use a soft boot setup very tical-foot Deadman's Drop. It's important to determine the guest's well. Alpine ski boots generally work As professional snow board instructors, directional stance when renting equip­ okay for young beginner and novice rid­ we enjoy many opportunities to teach ment to first time snowboarders. To best ers. They work even betterifthe shop cuts snowboarding. Most often these come as determine which foot goes in front, use the boots slightly to allow for greater an­ ski school snowboarding lessons. How­ this handy reference guide: kle flex. The two strap freestyle setup is ever, other teaching opportunities exist. Does the guest have a preference al­ not recommended for small children. un­ We can help teach and inform the general ready? Do they slalom water ski, surf, or less the child is wearing hard boots public about equipment and the sport on skateboard? Usually the snowboard Correctly setting up rental equipment is chairlift rides and around the ski slopes. stance will be the same. in everyone's best interest. For guests, it We can help our home area management If the guest has no clear preference, they ensures safety, and increases the likeli­ by suggesting ways to develop programs can learn to snow board most easily by hood of a positive experience, both in and and facilities that appeal to riders. When transferring skills they have already de­ out oflessons. This in tum helps generate necessary, we can also help teach rental veloped in other sports to snowboarding. return business for the rental shop, the ski shop operations how to correctly set up When making a turn on a snowboard, a school, and the ski area. Most shops do an snowboarding equipment. The accounts person makes a weight transfer to the excellent job in setting up rental equip­ depicted above, and countless other simi­ front foot. Any other activity that they ment, and many manufacturers are in­ lar. exasperating scenarios, could have may have done which utilizes a weight cluding staff training when a shop pur­ been prevented with a little snowboard­ shift can be used in learning to turn on a chases rental equipment. However, be­ specific training in the rental shop. Here snowboard. If a guest has no previous cause snowboarding is still a relatively

6 INSTRUCTORS EDGE new sport, there are shops that do not yet know (or care!?!) to correctly set up rental equipment. If in your lessons you see any Administrative Report equipment from nearby rental shops that is inappropriate or incorrectly set up, you By STEW MARSH owe it to your guests to let the shop know about it. Most appreciate the feed­ By the time you read this I hope we have all felt the wind in our face and the snow back-providing it's graciously given. In crystals on our skis or boards. The beautiful fall weather that we are experiencing addition to helping out the guest, the shop, in the Intermountain West can only make us appreciate nature even more. It certainly the ski school, your area, and the industry, creates many twists and turns and makes us wonder why we put so much effort and you II appreciate not having to suffer in­ enthusiasm into our profession. Times like these helps remind you as members and appropriate gear interfering with your les­ the Board alike, of the importance of having a contingency fund available. Hope­ sons. - Lowell Hart is assistant direc­ fully, this weather will not continue too much longer and the operations of you ski tor of the Stowe Ski School and a mem­ schools and PSIA-I will be going full bore soon. ber of the PSIA Snowboard Education It is once again time to remind the membership that Board elections are coming Team. soon. Remember that we are voting in regions and this is the second year this process is in effect. The regions that members will be voting in are as follows:

Regionll Region V PSIA Hires Coach Kelly Canyon Deer Valley Pebble Creek Park City The Professional Ski Instructors of Amer­ BeaverMt. WolfMt. ica has hired a head coach to oversee the Pocatello Parks and administration of its demonstration teams, Rec. Ski School marking a transition in the way these groups have been managed since PSIA There are also two at-large positions to be filled during this election. created the team structure in 1974. Until Applications are to be received postmarked in the Division office by February 15. now, no individual had been appointed to Ballots are to be mailed to Certified members in good standing by March I and have direct oversight of the teams. returned to the office by March 15. Counting of the ballots will take place within At its fall meeting October 21-22, 1995, one week of the election. the PSIA Board of Directors selected Applicants must complete the following: David Merriam to serve as the new Alpine Demonstration Team coach as well as 1. Applicants must be certified 1,2,3 or DECL member in good standing. head coach of the Nordic, Snowboarding, 2. Applicants must submit a black and white photograph no smaller than 2 1/2" x and Junior Education teams. 2 1/2" (passport picture is acceptable) After conducting a national search, the 3. Applicants must submit a short biographical statemenl oftheir expectations and board recommended that PSIA Executive goals in the division Director Stephen Over hire Merriam, who 4. Applicants must submit a petition signed by five Certified members in good was one of three finalists for the position. standing of the division An Alpine Demonstration Team member since 1984, Merriam became director of I hope everyone takes the time to consider running for the Board and votes for the the Stowe Ski School in Stowe, Vermont, candidate of your choice. earlier this year. I would like to take this chance to wish each member in the division a happy Merriam replaces Mike Porter, who will holiday season and a great and productive New Year. Think Snow! retire from the job in June 1996 after nearly 20 years. As head coach Merriam will be directly responsible for the alpine Before joining the Stowe Ski School in educational process will become more team and will supervise the coaches of the 1989, Merriam served as a supervisor. and important as we face the challenges of the other teams. Among other duties, he will trainer at Sugarloaf/USA in Maine and coming years," said PSIA President Mark be accountable for the overall function was race program director and technical Anderson. "Dave will have a significant and value of the teams to the membership, advisor at the LaParva Ski School in La­ role in determining how that contribution will work with the PSIA education depart­ Parva, Chile. Merriam currently serves as is made." Anderson described Mike Por­ ment to develop the content of all team-re­ an instruction editor for SAL Magazine. ter's retirement as a "significant mile­ lated events, and will coordinate event He also is a staff member of the Level I stone" for PSIA. "Mike has been a big scheduling in conjunction with the appro­ and II coaching events for the United part of our success during his long tenure priate PSIA national office staff and divi­ States Ski Coaches Association. He is on with the alpine team. We wish him all the sion offices. He also will work with the the ski boot product testing team for Tec­ best in his future endeavors." _ PSIA marketing department to maximize nica USA and is a member of the Olin Skis the value of the teams to sponsors, media, research and development team. and area management. "The contribution of the teams to our

INSTRUCTORS EDGE 7 he Alf Engen Ski School started a many years, starting with Bill Lash in Hall of Fame on April 23,1993. To 1961, as first President of the Professional Tour knowledge, after checking with AlfEngen Ski Instructors of America and serving in the Professional Ski Instructors of Amer­ that position for nine years. Bill, who was ica's National office, this is the first (and inducted into the Ski School Hall of Fame perhaps the only) ski school Hall of Fame in 1993, is considered the father of the in the country, if not the world. Ski School Professional Ski Instructors of America. The purpose for the Hall of Fame is to Bill joined the Alf Engen Ski School in identify and honor past and present mem­ 1930 and this is where he was able to learn bers of the ski school who have made a from the master teacher, Alf Engen, and significant contribution to the ski school Hall Of develop the ideas which allowed Bill to and the ski teaching profession, to high­ write the first ski instructors' manual, light the impact Alta has had on the sport Outline of Teaching Methods in 1938. of skiing, and to recognize the role the ski Bill also served as editor for the first and school has played in the sports develop­ Fame second editions of the Professional Ski ment. The Alf Engen Ski School is par­ Instructors of America Official American Ski Technique in 1964 and 1966. ticularly unique because of the wealth of By NIC NICHOL, ALTA ski pioneers and individuals who have Junior Bounous, inducted into the Ski distinguished themselves through their ef­ School Hall of Fame in 1993, taught for forts in making the ski school one of the the Alf Engen Ski School from 1949 to most respected in the country. The selec­ 1939. Junior served as President of the tion criteria involves meeting one or more Intermountain Ski Instructors Associa­ of the following: tion from 1933 to 1933 and on the Profes­ sional Ski Instructors of America Board • Having played an integral part in the of Directors from 1961 to 1963. Junior development of the Alf Engen Ski was also involved in the production of the School and the Professional Ski Instruc­ first volume of the Professional Ski In­ tors of America. structors of America Official American • Having a minimum of twenty years ski Ski Technique in 1964. teaching experience in the ski school at Max Lundberg, inducted into the Ski Alta. School Hall of Fame in 1993, started his • Having displayed the highest qualities of ski teaching career in the Alf Engen Ski a ski teaching professional and provid­ School in 1962. Max became the Presi­ ing exceptional ski instruction services dent of the Intermountain Ski Instructor and customer satisfaction. Association in 1968 and held that position • Having been a member of a national ski until 1970. He was also a member of the team and/or demonstration team. Professional Ski Instructors of America • Having been selected to either a state National Demonstration Team from 1967 and/or national United Sates Ski Asso­ to 1971, and then became coach of that ciation or Professional Ski Instructors of team from 1973 to 1979, while remaining America Ski Hall of Fame. Corey Engen an active member of the Alf Engen Ski School. In 1986, Max accepted a full-time Meeting the above criteria does not auto­ position as Director of the Professional matically put one into the Ski School Hall Fame is an ongoing process and there may Ski Instructors of America Education of Fame. There is a committee of instruc­ be some years when no one is inducted. Foundation which he held until 1994. tors headed by David Amidon as chair­ The committee meets to consider nomina­ Max has also written and published The man, who review the candidates submit­ tions, if any, for induction. Reviews are Way to Ski in 1986 and Strategies for ted. This committee is made up of active also made to consider qualified individu­ Teaching Skiing in 1987. full and part-time instructors. These in­ als who have not been submitted through D. Wayne (Uncle Wayne) Nichol, in­ structors are interested in preserving and the formal nominating process. ducted into the Ski School Hall of Fame acknowledging the contributions of cur­ The AlfEngen Ski School and Alta have in 1993, taught for the ski school from rent and past members of the ski school a wonderful heritage in the ski industry 1948 to 1989. Waynewasnotoneofthose staff. This service is completely voluntary and the ski-teaching profession. Many who was caught up in the fashions, style, but those on the committee take this re­ Hall of Fame inductees have made great or images that occupied the time and en­ sponsibility very seriously. Ski School strides toward the development of PSIA. ergies of many in the ski industry, but was Supervisor Nic Nichol serves as special It was at Alta that many of the earliest willing to share whatever he knew about advisor to the committee because of his in discussions concerning a national ski in­ his favorite pastime. Wayne was a strong depth knowledge and personal associa­ structors organization took place. supporter of the Professional Ski Instruc­ tions with many of skiing's pioneers. The influence of the Alf Engen Ski tors Association, locally and nationally, Selection of candidates for the Hall of School on a national level has been felt for and played a crusading role in insuring

8 INSTRUCTORS EDGE part-time instructors retained their status April 17.1994 qualified ski teachers in the early 1960s. Evelyn P. Engen Wayne was always willing to help others enjoy the sport of skiing whether they April 21. 1995 were in class or not. He was often over­ Sverre Engen heard saying, "I'd rather teach skiing than Corey Engen I J just go skiing". He was, in the truest sense, a ski teacher. Of the eight individuals selected for the Evelyn Engen, inducted into the Ski Alf Engen Ski School Hall of Fame, four School Hall of Fame in 1994, was AIr's of them are also in the National Ski Hall first ski instructor and took care of all the of Fame in Ispeming, Michigan. They are ski school book-keeping functions. Book­ Alf M. Engen, Bill Lash, Sverre Engen, keeping became a sizable job involving and Corey Engen. - Nic Nichol is a payroll, tax accounting, correspondence, supervisor in the Air Engen Ski School. and a myriad of associated administrative duties (all without benefit of computer technology). Evelyn has been the quiet, behind the scenes engine that ran the Alf USSCA Level I Engen ski teaching train and was an active member of the ski school from 1948 to Clinics Scheduled 1972. Through her tireless efforts she, in Sverre Engen her own way, made a significant perma­ The United States Ski Coaches Associa­ nent contribution to the ski school. tion has announced its 1995-96 USSCA Sverre Engen, inducted into the Ski does not mean we throw all the old things Level I Alpine Clinic series schedule. School Hall of Fame in 1995, was a true away. There will be a time when we may The Alpine Level I Clinic provides edu­ pioneer of the sport of skiing in the United need to use all the tricks we have to get cation for alpine, snowboard and freestyle States. He was Alta's sixth ski school down the mountain." coaches or interested parents or instruc­ director and first snow ranger. It was Alf has been the mentor for many others tors. Snowboard coaches may attend any through Sverre that Monty Atwater came who have been involved in the ski teach­ alpine Level I Clinic on a snowboard pro­ to Alta and went on to make his mark in ing profession, and at age 86 he continues vided the host ski area allows snowboards. snow safety history. Sverre was one of the to advise and influence the ski school he Freestyle coaches should consult with first certifiers of professional skiers in the founded at Alta. All's influence will be their local Freestyle committee for any country and played a significant role in the felt for generations to come. Alpine Level I Clinics containing a development of the Professional Ski In­ These are but a few of the people that the Freestyle component. structors of America. Sverre also played a AlfEngen Ski School and its founder have Each clinic consists of two and one-half major role in organizing the Deseret News had an influence on over the past 47 years. days of lecture and on-snow time covering Ski School, as well as being an advisor This is also part of the reason that Alan many topics important in the development and confidant to his brother Alf during the Engen, oldest son of the founder, and Di­ of junior competitors. years Alf was director of the ski school. rector of the Alf Engen Ski School, en­ The Level I Alpine Clinic is the first step Corey Engen, inducted into the Ski couraged the founding of the Alf Engen in the USSCA's four-part national alpine School Hall of Fame in 1995, assisted his Ski School Hall of Fame. education program. The second level is brothers Alf and Sverre in organizing the The ski school at Alta is proud of the the National Alpine Coaches School Deseret News Ski School. Corey has dis­ heritage of its ski school and want others (Level II Clinic series) to attain Level II tinguished himself as a exemplary ski in­ who join the school to know of the past Education. The third level of the program structor in his quiet and modest approach, history and influence the Alf Engen Ski for accreditation entails the series of ex­ combined with outstanding teaching and School has had, and will continue to have ams that lead to certification. skiing skills. Corey was also involved in on the world of skiing. Those who have Registration for Level I Clinics must be the first certification of ski instructors and been inducted into the Alf Engen Ski done two weeks prior to the clinic. For has been an great influence on the Profes­ School Hall of Fame are: information contact Brain Marcouiller, sional Ski Instructors of America. 801647-2038. Watching over and guiding all of these April 23. 1993 folks, the first recipient of the Ski School AlfM. Engen Jan. 12, 13, 14 Hall of Fame A ward, was the Professor D. Wayne "Uncle Wayne" Nichol Crystal Mountain, Washington himself, whose name this award bears, Junior Bounous Jan. 8,9,10 AIf M. Engen. Alf has always been one Bill Lash Elk Mountain, Pennsylvania who was open to new ideas. He was not Max O. Lundberg Jan. 17, 18, 19 afraid to try new techniques or methods Massanutten, Virginia both as a competitive athlete and as a ski Jan. 16, 17, 18 teaching professional. Alf has always Winter Park, Colorado said, "It's great to try new things, but this • INSTRUCTORS EDGE 9 eturn business, all instructors change can be just as valuable, although would like to get more of it, top harder to verify. Rinstructors have it, ski school man­ How To Get Observable results are easiest to verify. agement tracks it and there are often Conquering a new slope, achieving a monetary incentives attached to it. It is faster time in the race coarse, skiing in a confirmation of a job well done. What is narrower stance, earlier matching !n the the key to having students return for sub­ 'It' turn, or mastering a difficult snow condi­ sequent lessons? Read on for some sug­ tion are all very observable results. Use gestions, and your students will return your expertise and imagination to set ob­ hungry for their next lesson. By GEORGE KOLBENSCHLAG, servable results for your students. Again, What do you want when you purchase stress how their new success fits into the something? If you are like most people SNOWBIRD overall picture. you want value for your money spent. Don't Over Teach This is a fairly easy concept to understand It is much better to stick with an overall when dealing with a tangible item; but, theme and really drive the idea home. how can we leave our customers satisfied Set Goals Many instructors try to pack too much that they have received value from pur­ Come to common ground as to what they content into one lesson, leaving their stu­ chasing and receiving a lesson? Focus can expect to achieve in the time spent dents with a lot of disconnected, vague your attention on the following lesson ar­ with you. Give them some of the respon­ ideas. Go for simple change, and then give eas and give your students something of sibility to help to choose their goals. Be people ownership of that change. Test value for their money. realistic when setting outcomes. The stu­ drive new found skill at different speeds, Communicate And Relate To Your dents must know where they are going so new slopes, and other snow conditions. Students. that they know when they have arrived. Let students know that they have Ask them a lot of questions, and then Set a series of short-term goals (objec­ achieved something in the time they have listen to their responses. People love to tives) leading to the ultimate outcome. spent with you. Stress and solidify their talk about themselves. Give them a chance Setting smaller goals along the way al­ results. to do so, and then glean valuable informa­ lows students to see that they are moving Leave Them With a Warm Fuzzy tion from them. Who are they? Why are in the right direction. Much like the rungs Feeling they there? What are their occupations? on a ladder, short term goals confirm Confirm the changes made by concen­ What do they do for entertainment? For change and positive movement in the de­ trating on the positive results achieved. recreation? Everyone's an expert at some­ sired direction. Tailor your student's goals Reemphasize where they were, where thing. Find out what your clients are pro­ to fit within their understanding of the they are now, and where they are going. ficient at to help understand them better sport. Educate them to understand how Leave them in quest of the next step, and and offer them an opportunity to boast a each step achieved fits into the bigger then invite them back. Be sincere and be bit, thus leveling the playing field. picture. This is an important concept as it successful. Be a good source of informa­ Continue to learn from your client, do so will allow your client to feel good about tion for your client by familiarizing your­ in the context of your conversations with even the smallest amount of change. Build self with area shops, restaurants and fam­ them. Have they ever taken a lesson be­ on success and provide positive feed­ ily programs. Know your school's prod­ fore? What is the best tip that they have back. uct offerings and prices. Be a good am­ ever received? What are their perceptions Stress Results bassador of your area and the industry. of a good skier/rider? What does that pic­ Give students their goals. Plan your les­ Get to know your students, find out what ture look like? How does it feel? What are son to allow your students to achieve what they want, give them what they want and their expectations of the session that they they have set out to do. Some sort of then let them feel good about their suc­ are going to spend with you? Be inquisi­ change has to occur if your students are to cess. They will return in quest of another tive, and then be open to their responses. feel that they have received value for their lesson. - George Kolbenschlag is a suo Listen to what they have to say, it's a must money. The change does not have to be pervisor with the Snowbird Ski School for the next step. physical-a conceptual or emotional and a PSIA·I DECL.

Ski poles can be quite useful as a teaching the shoulders to get a rounding of shoul­ aid. Think of the ski poles as a "pointer," Ski Tip-Pole Use ders to allow for more forward movement. and use it to emphasize movements, feel­ For safety reasons, when prodding with ings, directions. etc. By TOM "WOODY" WOOD, a pole, make sure you use the handle end While skiing with students. I often use to touch a student and be careful where the pole to tap their boots: front for more DEER VALLEY you touch. forward flex, side for lateral movement, This is a simple idea, but can greatly ski for which one to weight more, inside the pole to improve their stance or move­ emphasize your points to the student. - of foot-ball, arch, heel-for weight dis­ ment patterns. Lightly touching the back Tom Wood is a PSIA·I DECL. tribution. of the knee for more knee flex, small of Sometimes I gently prod students with the back to stand up straighter, or back of

10 INSTRUCTORS EDGE very year during Thanksgiving Reach uphill with the poles so they push week, West Yellowstone, Montana you forward as soon as they hit the snow. Ebecomes a Nordic Mecca to hun­ Thin Snow Classical dreds of cross country skiers, racers and Keep ann swing in line with the skis (no enthusiasts from all over the nation. The crossing motions). US. Ski Team and Biathlon Teams train "Leg Drive" is not out! Swing the trail here in addition to a handful of top college In West leg forward committing weight to it after race teams. Junior teams from around the it has passed under your center of mass. region, including Sun Valley, Park City, Extend the glide leg after weight trans­ Jackson Hole, Boise, and Bend, OR are fer. moving up with the hip. present. The US. Disabled team members Yellowstone Skating also train. Olympians, their coaches, and Extend from the push off with a snap, technicians lead clinics, or coach and train and follow through, bringing the leg and themselves. It is truly inspiring to be in the Training camps, new ski smoothly back into place, off the snow company of such greatness. and beside the other leg. I attended the West Yellowstone camp Nordic tips, the latest in The toe-knee-nose alignment over the this Fall and discovered a low key, com­ glide ski is no longer considered para­ munity feeling. Despite the high levels of technique and waxing. mount. Top racers may be somewhere competition present, the atmosphere was inside, or ahead with the nose. friendly, and very non-competitive. Keeping a flat ski through the glide may N ann all y at this time of year th e Yellow­ By J. SCOTT MCGEE, SOLITUDE not be necessary, especially on hard snow. stone Rendezvous Ski Trail system has The West Yellowstone Training Camp over 30k of groomed trails, which start at is an open event worth attending. No the south end of town, right outside of down the little hairs (microscopic hairs where have I encountered skiers so freely some hotel doors. Unfortunately, as we're left from the stone grind, rilling, scrap­ discussing technique. The variety of all painfully aware, Mother Nature has ing), and then brushing back the other backgrounds, the friendly atmosphere, been stockpiling that big dump for a later way, lifting them up and cutting them off, the excellent trails. the incredible Yellow­ date. However, just seven miles up on the and finally by laying them back down stone vistas of the Continental Divide, Yellowstone Plateau,' there was snow again." Karlsen also laid to rest fears that and the quiet of the forest, all made this aplenty, and true to fonn, the grooming wax remover was harmful, and inferior, early training very worthwhile. _ was excellent and the snow hard and fast to hot waxing for removing old wax. One -a good recipe for early season training. should lubricate bases with a layer of What's New: Waxing and Equipment warmer base wax, before waxing for the Early Season Thoughts Major nordic equipment manufacturers day. Equal consideration was given to had demo booths and reps present, and waxing for grip before each afternoon boots in particular have made great strides session of classical skiing. By GEORGE MOSHER, TARGHEE forward. Fischer has come out with a new What's Hot: Technique and Training skating boot, and last year's Salomon 9.1 Early season training had a few high­ • Relax, breath in and extend to start to boots seem popular indeed. lights. While most pertain to racers, I turn; breath out and flex to accept exter­ Torbjorn Karlsen presented the latest in apply them in two areas: first, as in Al­ nal forces to finish. ski prep technique, which has direct trans­ pine, racing is an example of the most • Motion requires flow toward a target ference to Alpine ski tuning. His ideal efficient movement possible, and there­ while you are in balance. tune for new race skis includes: 1) a stone fore the most effortless technique we can • Patience and practice of movement pat­ grind or scraping with thick metal scraper, model in teaching; and second, some terns from specific exercises will aid in unless done well at the factory (provides drills are applicable for getting tuned into improving skill levels. structure and flatness), 2) ten minutes of alpine skiing. Try some on the hill or find .Close your eyes while you traverse Fibertexing, coarse, back and forth, fol­ the nearest tracks! Here they are: across flat terrain and reshape the body lowed by tip to tail only, repeat with fine, Both classical and skating (basic athletic stance). 3) two layers of hot base wax, followed by Don't push too hard. Early season is • Hands and target in sight create a focal scraping with plastic, brushing both ways, about getting your ski legs back and your triangle. and brushing tip to tail only, and finally, technique refined. Build strength and en­ • Focus on a spot below. A tree branch, 4) the wax of the day, ironed in, scraped durance from there. shadow, or rock. Look where you're and brushed, both ways then tip to tail. Ski with no poles. Focus on the feet. going. Balance over your feet by con­ And all this, he says, in half an hour. Extend, glide and maintain balance and tinuously moving your center of mass To speed the process, Karlsen also dem­ rhythm. Practice exact hand motions ap­ toward the focal point. Dynamic move­ onstrated Red Creek Rota Brushes, an propriate for the terrain. ment must occur throughout all tum attachment for an ordinary drill that al­ Poles only. Get fully extended complete phases. Inside leg steering is a key to lows for high speed brushing following arm swings. Pole from the shoulders only. achieve solid balance at tum finish. hot wax scraping. A polish can be Pole from the elbows only. Do it 'til it achieved, by "brushing tip to tail, to lay burns, once a week. continued on 15

INSTRUCTORS EDGE 11 FINANCIAL continuedfrom 3 CERTIFICATION CORNER continuedfrom 4 In 1994-95, PSIA directed significant assess the quality of movement patterns and ski use. Quality develops through years resources to improving its services. We of practice and experimentation. Snowbird Director of Skiing Junior Bounous is continue to improve our major publica­ 70-years-old, but I doubt anyone would disagree that he demonstrates highly refined tion, The Professional Skier magazine skiing movements that utilize ski design. He does so because he is in good physical (TPS), a benefit to each member. We have condition and his body has been trained to make quality skiing movements. dedicated more resources to providing The most important aspect of skiing preparation is developing the fundamental better staff and volunteer support. We are movement patterns that permit you to ski whatever task is required. Simply practic­ preparing to publish the third edition of ing open parallel turns does not make you a better skier; however, practicing the American Teaching System. The new one-legged turns, "zottos," the old Wedge Swing Hop, and other specific drills will manual will be a significant upgrade in develop the skills necessary to ski to a high level. illustrations as well as content. You can Seek and ye shall find expect the new manual and video to be DECLs are spread throughout the Division, and ski schools that lack a DECL are available this spring. To further improve invited to send a representative to training sessions to keep current for their ski our educational programs, PSIA repre­ school. Seek these people out and ask for-and work toward-an honest assessment sentatives attended INTERSKI, as re­ of your own skiing. And, if you are on the borderline, don't be surprised if ported in the spring issue of TPS. performing during the exam becomes a very stressful experience (see the article on As shown by the combined balance Tom Miller's lecture in this EDGE). sheets and statement of revenues and ex­ Assessing skiing movements also provides an excellent opportunity to practice penditures below, PSIA continues to en­ movement analysis. Instructors who have difficulty with movement analysis during joy a strong financial position, thanks to exams often have a difficult time simply seeing what is happening with the skier, responsible fiscal management by the the skis and the snow. Once again, a trained eye develops through experience and board of directors and the staff. This is practice. manifested in part in a strong reserve Professional Knowledge (technical and theoretical) and Teaching which protects us from unexpected ad­ Here are some ideas for technical and teaching preparation. Read, Read, Read; verse occurrences. Because of this practice, practice, practice. Knowledge for written tests comes from books, sharing strength, we have been able to keep na­ ideas with knowledgeable peers, and practical experience. There are five publica­ tional dues at $30.00 for the past six years, tions that you should be very familiar with: ATS II (especially chapters 1 and 2 and the longest period of time between a dues the appendices); the ATS Alpine Skiing Handbook; Children's Development (pSIA increase in the history of PSIA. publication); the ATS Children's Skiing Handbook; and the reference section of the If you would like a copy of the PSIA and revised Master Plan. These publications, excluding the revised Master Plan, are PSIA-EF June 30, 1995 and 1994 audit or currently available through the Division office. See the order form in this EDGE. have questions regarding the statements, The most important key to the teaching portion of the exam is to establish clear please send your requests to Ruth McClel­ outcomes for yourself and the group and then actually work with group members. land, Vice President Operations, PSIA, The rate at which you present information, and the feedback you provide, should be 133 South Van Gordan St. Suite 101, driven by the performance of individuals in the group. Make sure you address the Lakewood, CO 80228. We will be happy various parts of the teaching cycle, but don't forget why those parts exist-to create to send the report to any PSIA member. a link between you, the instructor, and your group, the students. Improve your teaching presentations by asking your trainers to observe you in real Professional Ski Instructors Of teaching situations. Practice establishing goals and objectives for the lesson up front, America, Inc. share those goals and objectives with students, and then gear all of your teaching and PSIA Educational Foundation steps to fulfilling those objectives by lesson's end. Then practice condensing (Not-for-Profit Corporation) teaching presentations into a 10 to IS-minute time frames. Combined Balance Sheets Why do we certify? Certification was originally intended to ensure public access to qualified ski Combined Assets, Year Ended June 30,1995 instruction and distinguish the family of professional ski instructors from people Current assets: who would fool others into believing that they know what they're talking about. Cash $115,857 That purpose remains unchanged. US. treasury notes, current $160,611 Certification means that someone is capable of performing to standards attributed Accounts receivable, trade $ 62,711 to highly skilled ski instructors. Without standards, certification is meaningless. Due from PSIA·EF Inventories $203,442 Look at the instructors in your ski school. Which of those instructors would you Prepaid expenses $ 7,345 want teaching your budding racer daughter, your brother or sister, or yourself? Total current assets $549,977 Which of those instructors do you believe are capable of making PSIA a skiing household name, respected for its talents and professionalism? Which of those US. treasury notes, long-tenn $141,277 instructors do you think are capable of saving a flat ski industry from falling into Property and equipment, at cost, net of accumulated depreciation $338,653 the depths of depression? What do you believe should be expected of a certified ski Deposits $ 1,000 instructor? $1,030,907

12 INSTRUCTORS EDGE Uabilities And Fund Balance (deficit) Accessories. Books. Manuals Current Uabilities: Accounts payable $163,632 Remember, when you order your manuals and accessories through the PSIA·I office you are helping Accrued vacations $ 30,755 support the DIvision. Accrued compensation $ 10,547 Deferred revenue $ 20,671 ITEM # DESCRIPTION NON-MEMBER MEMBER Due to PSIA $ PRICE PRICE SHIP Total current liabilities $225,605

Fund balance(deficit) $805,302 01C Unrestricted $1,030,907 02C PSIA-I Blue binder...... 10.00 3.00 3.00 03C PSIA Lapel Pin ...... N/A 4.00 NC Combined Statements Of Revenues, 04C PSIA-I Certified I Pin (bronze) ...... N/A B.OO NC Expenditures 05C PSIA-I Certified II Pin (silver) ...... N/A B.OO NC 06C PSIA-I Certified III Pin (gold) ...... N/A 8.00 NC Combined, Year Ended June 30,1995 07C ATS: Alpine Skiing Manual ...... 49.90 24.95 3.00 Revenues: Sales $455,641 OBC ATS: Alpine Skiing Video (Part 1) ...... 39.90 19.95 2.50 Cost of sales $328,869 09C ATS: Alpine Skiing Video (Part 2) ...... 39.90 19.95 2.50 Gross profit $126,772 10C ATS: Snowboard Skiing Manual ...... 35.90 17.95 3.00 11C ATS: Alpine Set (Manual & 2 Videos) ...... 99.90 49.95 3.50 Dues $750,505 12C ATS: Full Set (Both manuals and videos) ...... 129.90 59.50 3.50 Publications $ 92,601 Sponsorship $136,718 13C ATS Strategies for Teaching...... 10.00 5.00 2.00 National team seminars $ 31,570 14C ATS-H Alpine Skiing Handbook ...... 27.90 14.95 2.00 Interest $ 37,846 Miscellaneous $ 8,486 15C ATS-C Child Centered Skiing ...... 49.90 24.95 3.00 Intercompany grant 16C ATS-N Nordic Handbook ...... 27.90 14.95 2.00 $1,158,082 HC 1BC ATS Snowboard Handbook ...... 27.90 14.95 2.00 Expenditures: Services, personnel $365,733 19C ATS Children Skiing Handbook...... 27.90 14.95 2.00 Services, general $116,931 20C ATS Children's Development ...... B.OO 2.00 Publications $153,142 21C ATM III Teaching Concepts ...... 12.00 6.00 2.00 Administrative $ 52,125 2.00 Marketing and meetings $ 55,579 22C ATM Methodology...... 6.00 3.00 Insurance $ 24,545 23C Captain Zembo's Ski Teaching Guide for Children .. 6.00 3.00 2.00 Committees $ 56,277 24C Introduction to Ski Teaching ...... 12.00 6.00 2.00 Training and seminars $112,862 Programs and projects $105,840 25C Effective Teaching & Training...... 10.00 5.00 2.00 Team $ 48,860 26C Miscellaneous $ 66,188 27C Intercompany grant 28C Risk Management in Ski School...... B.OO 4.00 2.00 $1,158,082 Postage and Handling, See Item, maximum $5.00 charge for multiple items. Orders should include: name, Excess of revenues status, ID number, shipping address, item number, item description, quantity ordered and total remittance. over expenditures $26,416

Revenues NAME______

MISe 10.72"4) STATUS______....JID-NUMBER ______1_13.20%) Events 12.67%) SOles ProIns 110.70%) SHIPPING-ADDRESS______ngI7.82%) CITY______STATE. ______.ZIPCODE. ______Sponsoo 111.54%) 163.36%) Item#:_ Desc.:.______Quantity:___ Total price:.___ _

Item#:_ Desc.: Quantity:__ Total price:'--___ Expenses MANUALSfACCESSORIES TOTAL:______ADD 6.125 PERCENT UTAH STATE SALES TAX:______Msceloneous 15.72%) leam 14.22%) Prograns 19.14%) 131.58%) POSTAGE AND HANDLlNG:.______

Semlna~ 19.75%) TOTAL DUE:.______ComrnI1tees 14.86%) I1s.JIalce 12.12"4) t.tl!lslJafllle 14.50%) SEND ORDER WITH FULL PAYMENT TO:PSIA·I, 2855 Pamela Drive, Salt Lake City, lIT 84121

INSTRUCTORS EDGE 13 PSIA-I Alpine Calendar MARCH Clinics March 5 M2, M3 8:30am Sundance March 5 S2, S3 8:30am Sundance JANUARY March 5 Teaching Styles 8:30am Sundance Jan. 7 S2, S3 (assessment prep) 8:30am Jackson March 8 T2, T3 8:30am WolfMt. Jan. 7 Ski the Steeps 8:30am Jackson March 8 Bumps 8:30am WolfMt. Jan. 8 M2, M3 (assessment prep) 8:30am Targhee March 8 Tots & Tykes child spec. 8:30am WolfMt. Jan. 8 T2, T3 (assessment prep) 8:30am Targhee Jan. 10 M2,M3 8:30am Solitude APRIL Jan. 10 T2,T3 8:30am Solitude Easter Sunday - April 7 Jan. 10 Ski Improvement 8:30am Solitude Jan. 10 S2,S3 8:30am Brighton Spring Clinic - A Wasatch Front Affair! Jan. 10 Master Teacher 8:30am Brighton April 12 Spring Clinic 1 :30 pm - 4:00 pm Park City Martin Luther King Day - Jan. 15 (Jan. 12-15) April13 Spring Clinic-Alpine 8:30 am - 4:00 pm Park City April 13 Spring Clinic-Snowboard 8:30 am - 4:00 pm Brighton Jan.17 M2, M3 8:30am Elk Meadows April13 Spring Clinic-Nordic 8:30 am - 4:00 pm Solitude Jan. 17 S2, S3 8:30am Elk Meadows April 14 Spring Clinic-all disciplines 8:30 am - 3:30 pm Snowbird Jan. 18 T2, T3 8:30am Brian Head Jan. 20 Ed College 8:30am Deer Valley Spring Clinic will be an EVENT; unlike the Ed College where you Jan. 21 Ed College 8:30am Deer Valley may attend one or both days, the cost of Spring Clinic will include 2.5 days of skiing and the banquet plus assorted goodies! Banquet See page 2 of the EDGE for more information on the Ed College. will be held in SLC; watch Edge for lodging discounts in SLC area. Jan.22 Regional Selection 6-9:30 pm Snowbird National D-Team Try-outs Jan.23 Regional Selection 8:00 am Snowbird Assessments Jan.24 Regional Selection 8:00 am Snowbird JANUARY Selection and criteria for Nordic, JETs and Snowboard TBA by Jan. Jan. 5 Levell Assessment 8:30am Jackson 1, 1996; decisions will be made in the spring. Jan. 18 Levell Assessment 8:30am Brian Head Jan. 22 Levell Assessment 8:30am Solitude Jan.30 S2, S3 Part 1 6-9 pm Park City Jan. 30 T2, T3 Part 1 6-9 pm Park City FEBRUARY Feb .. 1 S2, S3 Part 2 6-9 pm Park City Feb .. 4 Levell Assessment 8:30am Pebble Creek Feb .. 1 T2, T3 Part 2 6-9 pm Park City Feb .. 5 S2 Assessment 8:30am Targhee Feb .. 6 S3 Assessment 8:30 am Jackson Feb .. 8 S2, S3 Assessment 8:30 am Deer Valley FEBRUARY Feb .. 27 Levell Assessment 8:30 am PowderMt. Feb .. 3 M2, M3 8:30 am Kelly Canyon Feb .. 28 T2, T3 Assessment 8:30am Snowbasin Feb .. 6 M2, M3 Part 1 6:00 pm Nordic Valley Feb .. 6 Race (SL or mod. GS) Pt. 1 6:00 pm Nordic Valley MARCH Feb .. 8 M2, M3 Part 2 6:00 pm Nordic Valley Mar 1 T3 Assessment 8:30am Jackson Feb .. 8 Race Part 2 6:00 pm Nordic Valley Mar 2 T2 Assessment 8:30am Snow King Mar 6 Levell Assessment 8:30am Sundance Feb .. 11 - 24 President's Week Mar 7 S2, S3 Assessment 8:30am Elk Meadows Mar 20 S2, S3 Assessment 8:30am Brighton Feb .. 26 T2, T3 8:30 am Beaver Mt. Mar 28 T2, T3 Assessment 8:30am Brian Head Feb .. 26 Ski Improvement 8:30 am Beaver Mt. Feb .. 27 Variable Conditions 8:30 am Powder Mt. APRIL (will include 3 Snow Cat rides; price for clinic $45.00) Apr. 9 T2, T3 Assessment 8:30 am Alta Apr. 16 S2, S3 Assessment 8:30am Snowbird Apr. 16 T2, T3 Assessment 8:30am Snowbird Note: unless otherwise specified, all PSIA Intermountain clinics cost $30 per day. It's Classified

All members in good standing of PSIA Intermountain are EARN 2040 K EACH SEASON from Sept-Mar directing EARN $50 FOR REFERRALS when your lead results in entitled to one free classified advertisement per year (up your own ski school in warm and sunny San Diego, CA a rental for Skiers Accommodations of Utah. We offer 2,3,4 to I-inch). Send your ad to the editorial office listed in the while teaching skiing and snowboarding on a revolving and 5 bedroom Townhouses at the mouths of Big and Little back of the EDGE. carpet ski machine as featured in Dec. '89 Ski Magazine Cottonwood Canyons. Contact Tom and Nancy article by Stu Campbell, as well as numerous other televi­ Kronthaler, information (801) 943-2426. PARK CITY WINTER SCHOOL, a private high school for sion and media features. This is an opportunity to buy a winter athletes, with school year running mid-April through PSIA Member Ski School as a turn-key operation that is SKI WEE PROGRAM DIRECTOR Elk Meadows Ski November, is recruiting for teachers of history, German, an established business for over 15 years and has an School is looking for an energetic outgoing person to and Spanish. Send inquiries to: Bonnie Bower, Park City established client base with much room for growth! Train­ manage our children's ski program (ages 4-12). The right Winter ·School, P.O. Box 108 Park City, UT 84060 (801) ing is available. Call or write: Kent Bry, Director, Adventure person will have a genuine love of working with children 649-8760. Ski & Snowboard Schools, P.O. Box 230951, Encinitas, with at least two years teaching experience. For informa­ CA 92023-0951, 619-942-2188 (leave message). tion callI 800 248-7669, ask for Christopher.

14 INSTRUCTORS EDGE -

PSIA-I Snowboard & Nordic Calendar Nordic Clinics Snowboard Clinics JANUARY JANUARY Jan 8 NID II & III Jackson Jan 11 DECL Training 2 8:30am Targhee Jan 19 Backcountry Clinic TAB (South) Jan 12 Level II Riding Prep 8:30 am Jackson Jan 20 Education College: NID Clinics Deer Valley Jan 12 Level III Riding Prep 8:30am Jackson Jan 21 Education College: NID Clinics Deer Valley Jan 21 Ed College 8:30am WolfMt. Jan 12 Track II & III Solitude Jan 22 Ed College 8:30am WolfMt. FEBRUARY FEBRUARY Feb. 5 Track II & III Pocatello Feb. 25 Level II Teaching Prep 8:30am WolfMt.. Feb.12 NID II & III Solitude Feb.25 Level III Teaching Prep 8:30am WolfMt. APRIL MARCH April12 Spring Clinic 1:30 pm - 4:00 pm Brighton Mar 2 DECL Training 3 8:30 am Brian Head April13 Spring Clinic-Nordic 8:30 am - 4:00 pm Solitude April 12 Spring Clinic 1:30 pm - 4:00 pm Brighton April14 Spring Clinic-all disciplines 8:30 am - 3:30 pm Snowbird April13 Spring Clinic-Snowboard 8:30 am - 4:00 pm Brighton April 14 Spring Clinic-all disciplines 8:30 am - 3:30 pm Snowbird

Nordic Assessments Snowboard Assessments JANUARY Jan 6-7 NID Assessment II & III TBA JANUARY Jan 19 Levell Assessment Pocatello Jan 13 Levell Assessment 8:30am WolfMt. Jan 24 Track Assessment II & III Jackson Jan 31 Levell Assessment 8:30am Brighton &25 FEBRUARY FEBRUARY Feb. 12 Level II Riding Assessment 8:30 am Solitude Feb. 10 NID Assessmentll.& III Jackson Feb.13 Level III Riding Assessment 8:30 am Solitude & 11 Feb. 13 Levell Assessment Teton Pines MARCH Feb.22 Track Assessment II & III Pocatello Mar 18 Level II Teach Assessment 8:30 am PowderMt. &23 Mar 19 Level III Teach Assessment 8:30 am PowderMt.

MARCH One clinic is a prerequisite for each level of certification. In addition, a Mar 12 Track Assessment II & III Sundance second clinic is strongly recommended. Deadlines for registration are &13 two weeks prior to event. You must have your name in the office no later Mar 13 NID Assessment II & III Solitude than the two·week deadline to be considered for the event. Call Nancy &14 Perkins if you have questions. And please, remember to sign up for Mar 22 Backcountry Assessment II & III Tetons clinics early so they don't get canceled_ 23 & 24

THOUGHTS continued from 11 tom over your feet. This concept re­ mass is either back or inside the turn_ quires a physical (dynamic) movement As instructors we must determine for + Inside leg steering could be conceived as of your belly button. towards the focal ourselves the freedom of rhythmic flow inside "side" motion. Meaning all of the point or target down the mountain. A personal realiza­ left side of your body should flow to­ + Fluid motion requires concentration, de­ tion of our own skiing skills will allow ward the direction of travel as pressure sire, determination, commitment, and professional representation of to our cli­ dominates the right side (turning ski). dynamic movement. ents with a solid internal background of +Maintain balance by keeping your bot- + Balance faults occur when the center of understanding. _

PSIA INTERMOUNTAIN DIVISION 232-7613; Powder Mountain:Bamara Befl)' and Rick Befl)', 801 782-5238; Snowbasin:Mike McConvill, 801 876-3110, Dick Mulder; 8nowbird:Carlie Officers: President, Allen Titensor; Administrative V. P., Stew Marsh; Certifi­ Siemel, 801 944-4520, Nona Weatherbee, 801 278-2140; Solitude:Lynn H. cation Chairperson, Rodger Renstrom; Conununications V.P., Dori Pratt; Edu­ Suksdorf, 253-2355, Daily Oliver 801 487-9172; Sundance:Scott WaIT, 801 cation Chairperson, Jo Garuccio; Executive SecretaI)': Nancy Perkins; PSIA 785-6544; Chairperson:Lynn Suksdorf, Solitude, 801 485-8423 (hm) 801461- Representative, Stew Marsh; Current Board Members: 1993-96, Rex Ames, 3234 (wk and message). Dave Peck, Dori Pratt, Allen Titensor; 1994-97, 10 Garuccio, Stew Marsh, George Mosher, David Yovanovich; 1995-98 Danny Edwards, R. Richard Mul­ The Instructors EDGE, the official publication of the Professional Ski Instruc­ der, Mike ThursoQd. Ip~tru't!lr Reprl,lsentatlve CQmmittel,l Members: tors of America Intennountain Division, is scheduled to be published five times Alta:Lisa Robinson, John Musser, Brian 801 742-2016, 801 9426144; a year at a non member subscription rate of$15, subscriptions available through Head:Mark Wilder 801 586-9603; Brighton:Rick Smith 801 596-8443, Dave the Division Office. Division Office: 2855 PanleL1 Drive, Salt Lake City, ur Strang 801466-1344; Deer Valley:Steve Weinstein, 801645-8077, Kim May­ 84121, (80l) 942-2066. Editorial and Advertising Office: 4664 Clearview hew, 801 654-4241; Jackson Hole: Nathan Emerson 307 733-7969, Tefl)' Smith Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84117 (80l) 272-0854, Rodger Renstrom, Editor. 307 733-3715; Park City:Phil Gratz, 801 486-8279, Rick Dunnebacke, 801 571-4123; Pebble Creek:Scott Rockwood 208232-7998, Donna Erickson, 208 Next Edge Deadline: Jan. 22 INSTRUCTORS EDGE 15 ,,'? \0 5 ...,\' dressing too warmly. ".-.... val'\} \\o~ . considered the most im­ Change-A While tech- .... --·~a\}\ \0 , portant aspects of ski nological ad- "Do ~o\l. " teaching. His reply vances will con- -=::~ was, "First and fore­ . ~:.:.. Personal tmue to be dy- "1,\bO... ' most, make it as safe namlC,. common '" for the person you Perspective sense fundamen­ are skiing with as tal principles are you possibly can. By ALAN K. ENGEN, ALTA not likely to change Second, make it much, if at all. Such fun. Third in pri­ Several weeks ago, I was reviewing some it is in ski teaching. ority, help the per­ old newspaper clippings for possible in­ while we have seen son learn." In my opin­ clusion in a book I am writing on the many advances to the ion, what he said many history of skiing and ski jumping in this methodology used and years ago still holds area. I came across an interesting article the way we impart true today. There are (copy enclosed) by Charles Proctor in knowledge to the cus­ many other like examples that 1937 for the Salt take Tribune. As I read tomer, some of the basic come to mind, but the important point it, the adage, "The More things change, principles have not is that we'not get so entrenched in the the more things stay the same" came to changed. I think it would -current way of doing things that we mind. For example: be wise for all of us to peri­ neglect to remember the past and 1. There have indeed been many odically reassess the key apply the prudent, and still applica­ changes in ski equipment over the years. principles which have stood ble, tips developed by those who preceded In reading the recommendations for skis, the test of time. us. - Alan K. Engen is director of the poles, boots, etc., I wonder how success­ Many years ago, when I was a young Alf Engen Ski School, Alta, Utah ful our profession would be today if boy, I remember asking my father what he things had stayed the same? I think there would be little argument that the many improvements in ski technology over the "Experience indicates that boots and bindings are the years have had a dramatic positive effect on the growth of our sport. most important elements in selecting an outfit. They 2. However, some things have not changed, such as his advice on a beginner are the main link between the skier and his skis ... The obtaining good equipment at the outset; having qualified personnel properly boot must first of all fit the foot so it will control the ski mount and adjust the bindings; and not without loss of motion. This means a snug fit." -SLT-1937

BULK RATE US. POSTAGE PAID SLC,UTAH PERMIT NO.4383

The Instructors EDGE A publication of PSIA·I 2855 Pamela Drive Salt Lake City, Utah 84121

Opinions presented in the ; EDGE are those of the 04--000824 L / individual authors and do not necessarily represent the NORM BURTON opinions or policies of the 1376 KINGSTON DRIVE Professional Ski Instructors of OGDEN, UT 84403 America Intermountain Division,

16 INSTRUCTORS EDGE