RANK COUNTRY PAGE RANK COUNTRY PAGE 1 72 37 102 59a South 39 Gambia 58 2 105 16 (+ Swaziland & ) 40 69 3 112 47c 59d 41 110 56a 53 4 42a Djibouti 48 65 47a 5 42b 42 53b 6 35 59c 44a Congo 45 25 41 30 7 44b 31 34a 42b 39 42a 8 118 59h 47a 121 9 86 59e 59f 26 19a 47b 41 58 53a 4 10a 59 25 40 10a 47b 47c 24 56b 10b DR Congo 46 59b 53a 108 37 56 34b 8 13a 53b 79 22 5 13a 44a 15 76 10b 53c 78 83 16 56a 49 59g 3 122 17 56b 30 103 19a 58 64 7 22 93 29 59a 117 17 100 25 59b 115 89 31 1 26 59c 88 29 85 9 44b 59d 70 52 30 59e -Bissau 63 124 31 59f Guinea 62 2 97 34a 59g 34 34b 50 59h 33 (+ Bioko & Annobón)

*Ranks are the ranks of the Importance Score for each territory; see p 9 for details. This map includes only mainland states and Madagascar; see the inside back cover for other island territories. The Birder's Guide to Africa Contents

Michael Mills INTRODUCTION ...... 004 Photographs by Tasso Leventis Birding in the Region ...... 006 Acknowledgements ...... 016

Photographic Credits ...... 017

COUNTRY ACCOUNTS ...... 018

FAMILY ACCOUNTS ...... 126 GO-AWAY-BIRDING

www.goawaybirding.com ACCOUNTS ...... 276

SUPPLEMENTS ...... 520

References ...... 521

Species Appendices ...... 536

© Michael Mills 2017 ISBN print edition: 978-0-620-71725-0 Glossary and Abbreviations ...... 539

© photographs by Tasso Leventis and ISBN ebook edition: 978-0-620-71727-4 Quick Indexes ...... 540 individual photographers. Published by GO-AWAY-BIRDING, 17 All rights reserved. No part of this Willow Road, Observatory 7925, Cape publication may be reproduced, stored in Town, . goawaybirding@ a retrieval system, or transmitted in any gmail.com. form, without the prior written permission Book layout and cover design by Toby of the copyright owner. Contact GO- Attwell. AWAY-BIRDING for all permission requests. Cover photograph: Cape Rockjumper by Tasso Leventis. With 68 territories, 142 bird families and 2,792 bird species, making sense of birding in the African region can be a challenge. In this guide, to my knowledge the first of its kind globally, relevant INTRODUCTION information on territories, families and species is brought together INTRODUCTION to provide a coherent birders' summary of the region, with a global perspective. Its contents draws on a wide range of sources and is based on 25 years of experience in the region. The book is meant for everyone who travels to see , or has an armchair interest therein. Through it I hope to inspire and encourage travelling and bird watching in Africa, particularly to new or little-known areas. I hope also to arm readers with a wide range of information so Intro- that they can make informed decisions on where and when to go birding, and get the most out of their trips.

To maximise your benefit from this guide, it Accounts. A growing number of may help understanding some of the thinking world birders are realising that they don’t have duction behind it. the time and resources to go everywhere and chase everything. Rather than trying to see as Geographical coverage. This book covers the many species as possible, a more meaningful continent of Africa and its islands, referred and achievable goal is to strive to see all the to as 'the region' or 'the African region'. bird families in the world. Making this the All islands closer to Africa than any other primary goal ensures that as wide range of continent, regardless of political affiliation, bird diversity as possible is sampled. Besides are included. Thus, the region incorporates celebrating the bird diversity of the region Madeira (Portugal), the through photographs, the Family Accounts () and (), just some of the provide a brief description of each family in islands that are politically not African. For the the region, with tips on how to see them. sake of completeness, the (Portugal) and Sinai are included too. The Azores are Species Accounts. A complete annotated slightly closer to Europe than Africa, but form list of all bird species recorded from the part of the region called Macaronesia (or the region, excluding introduced species, is Atlantic Islands), which is mainly African and provided under the Species Accounts. A includes , Madeira and the Canary general statement on the status, habitats and Islands. Finally, although Sinai is located in distribution of each species, and in most cases the Middle East it is politically part of Egypt. each , is given, plus a list of best sites to see each bird. Greater emphasis is Country Accounts. This chapter is essentially placed on endemic birds. a traveller's summary of each territory, but written from a birder's perspective. It Names and . One of the most covers aspects of birds and birding, travel difficult decisions that I had to make during and literature. For world birders, I hope that the preparation of this guide was which the lists of key birds, arranged in categories, taxonomy and English bird names to use. will be especially useful, as they provide There are several competing world bird comprehensive lists of all important birds to lists, each with their own advantages and looked for when visiting that territory. shortcomings, and it was tempting to follow

4 | Introduction Introduction | 5 one of these lists to the letter, as this required hope will be both easy and interesting to use. believe the main one is that most of us follow While each of us places a different emphasis the least amount of effort. However, the Details of the adaptations made can be found what others before us have done. Going to on the various criteria used when selecting use of a well known taxonomy promotes in the introduction to the Species Accounts, little-known destinations provides a whole a travel destination, for the purposes of complacency and misses the opportunity but here I wish to point out that the English new set of challenges, including dealing with this analysis I have identified five types of INTRODUCTION to point out bird taxa of interest that may names of splits not accepted by the IOC List uncertainty. It is often this lack of information travellers, to act as reference points. As an INTRODUCTION otherwise be ignored as uninteresting, are given in green instead of black text. I do that prevents people from visiting certain individual you are likely to sit somewhere especially on a rushed birding trip. Also, the not lump any birds, simply because lumping areas. Few visitors, in turn, means that between these, but hopefully they will use of English names on world bird lists quite tends to make birds invisible. However, I do there will be little investment in travel prove useful for thinking about different often contradicts names in common use in note where there are proposals to lump birds infrastructure. And so many places remain at destinations. leading field guides, which creates confusion. and, through a specific formatting of scientific the point of being little visited. 1. World Listers. It is all about seeing new names (see Species Accounts), I share my As a result of conversations with various Which places break out of this and which birds, which means a strong focus on opinion as to which should be lumped. birders and my own personal experiences not, is hard to predict. Political stability, areas with endemic birds. Safety is also with using different world lists, I have come to Regarding the use of English names, I spent past and present, is certainly a major factor. a consideration, with very dangerous prefer the IOC World Bird List. Consequently, many hours investigating their use by world Destinations that are dangerous to visit or destinations avoided. There is also some I have based this book on the latest version bird lists, to understand why names in politically unstable will receive few birders. consideration for cost. Otherwise any of the IOC World Bird List (7.1; hereafter common use are often not followed. Together However, some places, for some or other conditions will be endured for new birds. 'IOC List'). However, other world lists make with experienced birding colleagues we reason, have not made it onto the birder's 2. Balanced. It is about many things; important contributions to our thinking have devised a philosophy for establishing radar. Malawi, for example, has reasonably birds and safety are the major factors in about bird diversity and species limits. a standardised world bird list of English comfortable travel conditions, excellent choosing a destination, but you expect For this reason I have consulted as many names based on common use, which has been birding and good other wildlife viewing on a reasonable level of comfort and are sources as possible in my deliberations over submitted for publication in the Bulletin of offer, yet is hardly ever visited by birders. interested in destinations that offer other taxonomy. In particular, the HBW & BirdLife the African Bird Club (Mills et al, submitted). Here I present an analysis which I hope will activities too, such as visits to historical Checklist (BirdLife International 2016) has Readers should refer to this for a full provide a fresh look at birding in the region. and cultural sites, mammal watching, provided a fresh look at bird diversity and explanation on the selection of English names Most well-birded territories will, for good snorkelling and diving. You're not too challenges many established conventions used in this guide. Where English names used reason, come out high on the list of priorities. worried about cost, as long as you have a on species limits. All these world lists have differ from those of the IOC List, the IOC List However, by drawing attention to territories great and interesting holiday. been blended with my own experiences and name is given under notes in the individual with great potential for exploration, I hope to thinking on what makes a bird species, to Species Accounts. 3. Leisure. It is about comfortable hotels encourage you to forgo visiting a well known produce an adaptation of the IOC List that I and lodges, good food and great natural destination for a little-known one, where the environments; birds are just a part of the birding is as good or even better and many package. exciting discoveries are to be made. 4. Budget. Budget Birders are essentially World Listers on a restricted budget. BIRDING IN THE REGION NUMBER CRUNCHING Opportunity for travel is limited by funds, so the aim is to maximise the With almost 2,800 bird species spread across However, there are exceptions to this; based What makes a destination good for birding overall list in a few trips. This means that 68 territories, the African region could keep on the birds they hold, some territories are depends both on its birds and travel there is greater emphasis on all birds, not one busy for a lifetime. However, as is usually clearly under-birded while others attract conditions, and the relative importance of just endemics. the case, certain things (here, territories for more visitors than could be expected. Take for different criteria to you as the traveller. What 5. Explorer. No conditions are too tough birding) have become popular, whereas others example Gambia, a country which based on follows is an analysis of birding in the region, and a little bit of danger just adds remain little visited. Birders are generally its birding potential is clearly over-birded; it by territory. The details of how the analyses to the excitement. Everywhere has pretty adventurous and willing to go to has no endemics and very few specials, yet is were made (the methods) will be of limited interesting birds, so the challenge is to go extremes for their hobby, at least in the eyes has become a popular destination. Comoros, interest to most, but those with an analytical somewhere others have not. of normal people. Thus, the most popular on the other hand, holds a large number of mind might find what follows fun to think destinations for birding are generally those endemics, yet is hardly ever visited by birders. about. Those interested only in the results, For each of the five types of traveller, each that have the best birds. There are many possible reasons for this, but I please skip to the next section entitled 'Your criterion considered is given a weighting of next destination'. 0–10, 1 for the least important criteria, 10 for very important criteria (see Table 1, p 8).

6 | Introduction Introduction | 7 Criteria considered are as follows: score is then converted to a rating of 1 to – private vehicle hire, international YOUR NEXT DESTINATION 10 using a binary numbering system of standard accommodation and use of 1. Bird Endemism. An objective measure 10 is ≥256, 9 is ≥128, 8 is ≥64, 7 is ≥32, reserves. In many African destinations it The results of the analyses are summarised in of birding importance, based on the 6 is ≥16, 5 is ≥8, 4 is ≥4, 3 is ≥2, 2 is =1 is necessary to hire an expensive 4x4 to Table 2 (p 10) and maps on pp 11–14.

INTRODUCTION three objective Special Categories INTRODUCTION and 1 is =0. get to the best birding sites. Often this is assigned to species (see the Species Two countries feature in the Top 10 for all the main cost of a trip. Territories with Accounts for further details, p 277). 3. Bird Diversity. A measure of the five types of birders, namely Madagascar and a good road infrastructure that can be Each category is given a weighting; number of bird species (sp) recorded Tanzania. Both are rich in endemic birds, birded in a normal vehicle are often a lot 10 for Endemics (EN), 1 for Near- from the territory (see individual are major general wildlife destinations, have cheaper to visit as a birder. Endemics (NE) and 1/10 for One-of- Country Accounts for approximate reasonably well developed infrastructures and Two (1/2). Thus, the Bird Endemism numbers). The following ranking system 6. Ease. Each territory is assigned a boast good safety records. Both are tourist score is calculated as 10xEN + NE + is used: >999 sp = 10, 900–999 sp = 9, rating of 1 to 10 to reflect how easy and friendly. 0.1x1/2. Scores range from 0–1,163 for 800–899 sp = 8, 700–799 sp = 7, 600–699 comfortable it is to travel in, with as Three additional countries feature on the Top Madagascar. The score is converted to sp = 6, 500–599 sp = 5, 400–499 sp = 4, much objectivity as possible. The easiest 10 of four types of birders, namely Ethiopia, a category from 1 to 10, based on the 300–399 sp = 3, 200–299 sp = 2, <200 and most comfortable destinations Kenya and South Africa. All three fail to make binary number system of 10 is ≥1024, 9 sp = 1. for travel are rated 10. This takes into the Explorer-Birder Top 10. ≥512, 8 is ≥256, 7 is ≥128, 6 is ≥64, 5 is account entrance formalities, freedom 4. Safety. Each territory is assigned a safety ≥32, 4 is ≥16, 3 is ≥8, 2 is ≥4 and 1 is <4. to travel around within the territory, the Together, these five countries comprise the rating, as objectively as possible, from standard of roads and the availability of region's top destinations and should be of 2. Birds – Other. A measure of the 1–10, with the safest territories ranked tourist-standard accommodation. interest to every birder. They are also the top importance of non-endemic birds, based 10. Territories that are at civil war or five territories based on the Bird Importance on the two subjective Special Categories where the risk of kidnap is extremely 7. Other. Each territory is assigned a rating Score (BIS; see maps inside of the book front of Best-Territory (BT) and Best-Two high are rated 1. Those that have a near- based on the other outdoor interests it and back covers). The BIS is calculated as the (B2), weighted 5 and 1, respectively. perfect safety record, good policing and holds, including visits to historical and sum of the number of Endemics multiplied by These categories are subjective because excellent medical facilities are rated 10. cultural sites, wildlife viewing, diving 5, Near-Endemics by 4, Best-Territory species they include factors such as accessibility and snorkelling. Territories with the top 5. Cost. Each territory is assigned a cost by 3, One-of-Two species by 2 and Best-Two and knowledge of a territory, and not attractions are rated 10. rating with as much objectivity as species by 1. just species distributions. Thus, the score possible, from 1–10, with the cheapest 8. Opportunity for Exploration (Explore). is calculated as BTx5 + B2 and ranges A further three countries feature on three destinations ranked 10. This is based on Each territory is assigned a rating of from 0, to 320 for South Africa. The of the Top 10 lists, namely Angola, Namibia the normal mode of travel for birders 2 to 10 of how much opportunity it and Uganda. All are well known birding presents for exploration. Two factors are destinations, although Angola is just considered; firstly the number of birders beginning to grow in popularity. Namibia that visit it and secondly its habitats, has the least to offer serious birders; as size and degree of infrastructure Angola gains in popularity it will become less development. The number of birders Table 1. The weights given to each of the eight criteria for rating a territory, for important because many of the special birds that visit a territory was measured by of Namibia can also be seen in Angola. each of the five kinds of birders. the number of trip reports available on Cloud Birders for each territory. This is A further five territories make it onto two Criterion World Listers Balanced Leisure Budget Explorer given a score of 1–5, as follows: >100 trip Top 10 lists; Cameroon, a brilliant birding Bird Endemism 10 8 7 8 3 reports = 1, 26–100 = 2, 11–25 = 3, 1–10 destination that loses out on travel conditions and, currently, safety; Canary Islands and Birds - Other 2 5 7 7 1 = 4, 0 = 5. Habitats, territory size and development are ranked 1–5 too. Small, Madeira, both very easy travel destinations Bird Diversity 1 2 4 8 1 well developed territories with open, arid with several endemics; Gabon, another great Safety 3 7 10 7 2 habitats were scored 1, whereas larger, birding destination that loses out on ease and underdeveloped territories with a lot expense; and Zambia, one of Africa's most Cost 1 5 1 10 0 of forest were ranked 5. The rest were under-birded countries. Ease 0 5 10 4 0 ranked between these two extremes. Looking further down the lists among the Top Other 0 6 9 2 0 These two scores were then added 20 territories, other territories that feature together to give the total Opportunity for highly but fail to make an impact on the Top Explore 0 3 0 2 10 Exploration score (2–10).

8 | Introduction Introduction | 9 10 lists include: Ghana, the most accessible destination for Leisure Birders. Gambia is A Heat Map of the African Region for World Listers country in West Africa for forest birding; a popular destination with Budget Birders, all four Indian Ocean Islands territories of but only makes sense to visit if doing a very Increasing darkness indicates greater attractiveness to World Listers, with endemism as the main , Comoros, Réunion and limited number of trips to the region. And criterion. The Top 10 territories are (1) Madagascar, (2) South Africa, (3) Tanzania, (4) Kenya, (5) INTRODUCTION & Rodrigues, which hold many endemics for the Explorer, Liberia is ranked third, Ethiopia, (6) Angola, (7) São Tomé and Príncipe, (8) Cameroon (9) Réunion and (10) Comoros. INTRODUCTION and can be combined to form a single, longer Congo fifth, Guinea sixth, Equatorial Guinea Overall, small islands rank very highly and in addition include (11) Mauritius & Rodrigues, (12) and more productive trip; Malawi, probably ninth and Sudan thirteenth; all great birding Canary Islands, (14) Madeira, (15) Seychelles, (19) Cape Verde, (20) , (23) the most under-birded country in the region; destinations that are very poorly known. Mayotte, (25) Azores and (30) Gough; consider combining two or more on trips, for example Morocco, 's top destination and Seychelles, Mauritius and Réunion, or Canary Islands and Madeira. Other top territories include In summary, Africa's five must-see perhaps the most-birded country in Africa; (13) Namibia, (16) DR Congo, (17) Uganda, (18) Zambia, (21) Somaliland, (22) Gabon and (24) destinations are Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, an excellent addition to a Uganda Malawi, not all of which are safe to visit. The two sub-regions without Top 25 territories are West South Africa and Madagascar. Angola is trip; DR Congo, the African birder's Holy Africa, for which (29) Liberia and (36) Ghana rank most highly, and North-West Africa where up and coming, and alongside Cameroon, Grail; the endemic-rich islands of São Tomé (34) Morocco is the top destination. Gabon, Zambia and Malawi are among the most under- Gabon, Uganda and Zambia round out the and Príncipe; and Zimbabwe, a pleasant birded countries in the region, of those that are safe to visit. Top 10 for serious birders, excluding small country with plenty on offer. islands. However, as political and security So what is missing? Among the endemic-rich conditions change across the region, other 25 territories, Socotra and Somaliland deserve desirable destinations will move up the list, 14 a special mention for World Listers and especially DR Congo, but also Socotra and 34 Budget Birders, although both are currently Somaliland. The numerous islands around the 12 unsafe to visit. Once security improves and region, especially the more accessible ones political stability returns, birding there could that are closer to the mainland, are also worth become reasonably popular. For Balanced visiting, including Seychelles, Mauritius, and Leisure Birders, Botswana is a wonderful Réunion, Comoros and Mayotte, Cape Verde, country to visit and just misses out on a Canary Islands and Madeira. 19 Top 20 spot. The Azores also make a good

21 5 Table 2. The Top 10 territories, listed from first to tenth, for each of the five 29 kinds of birders. 36 8 7 17 4 World Listers Balanced Leisure Budget Explorer 22 16 Madagascar South Africa South Africa South Africa DR Congo 3 15 South Africa Tanzania Kenya Uganda Angola 10 Tanzania Kenya Tanzania Tanzania Liberia 6 Kenya Madagascar Uganda Kenya Tanzania 18 24 23 Ethiopia Ethiopia Namibia Ethiopia Congo 1 11 Angola Uganda Ethiopia Namibia Guinea 13 9 São Tomé & Namibia Canary Islands Cameroon Madagascar Príncipe 2 Equatorial Cameroon Madeira Madagascar Zambia Guinea Réunion Zambia Madeira Angola Gabon 20 Comoros Canary Islands Gabon Madagascar Nigeria 30

10 | Introduction Introduction | 11 A Heat Map of the African Region for Balanced Birders A Heat Map of the African Region for Budget Birders Increasing darkness indicates greater attractiveness to Balanced Birders. Safety and endemism are Increasing darkness indicates greater attractiveness to Budget Birders, with a stronger emphasis the dominant criteria, but all criteria have some bearing on the results. The top ten territories are on overall bird diversity and non-endemic specials than by World Listers. It is assumed that

INTRODUCTION (1) South Africa, (2) Tanzania, (3) Kenya, (4) Madagascar, (5) Ethiopia, (6) Uganda, (7) Namibia, Budget Birders do not visit only less expensive destinations, but rather that they will do fewer INTRODUCTION (8) Madeira (9) Zambia and (10) Canary Islands. Small islands in the region rank highly and trips than World Listers; this means that they will visit expensive destinations if the quality of also include (11) Réunion, (15) Mauritius & Rodrigues, (19) Seychelles, (22) Azores and (24) birding justifies it. Top countries are (1) South Africa, (2) Uganda, (3) Tanzania, (4) Kenya, (5) Comoros; consider combining two or more into a single trip. Other top territories include (14) Ethiopia, (6) Namibia, (7) Cameroon, (8) Zambia (9) Angola and (10) Madagascar. Small islands Angola, (16) Malawi, (18) Rwanda, (20) Zimbabwe and (21) Botswana. Sub-regions without Top are generally expensive to visit and have low bird diversities, so don't rate highly in this analysis. 10 territories are Central Africa where (12) Gabon and (18) Cameroon rank most highly, North- Other territories ranking highly include (11) Malawi, (12) Morocco, (13) Gabon, (14) Ghana West Africa where (13) Morocco is the top destination and West Africa where (23) Ghana comes and (15) Canary Islands. Gambia (19), one of the most popular budget-trip countries, ranks only out top. Egypt (26) stands out for its historical importance and offers reasonably good birding, nineteenth. ranking twenty-sixth.

22 8 13 12 15 10 26

19 5 5 23 14 18 7 6 2 12 3 13 4 18 19 2 3 24 14 16 9 11 9 8 20 4 15 10 7 21 11 6

1 1

12 | Introduction Introduction | 13 The Heat Map of the African Region for Explorer-Birders AFRICAN BIRDING CALENDAR determined largely by the position of the sun. Heat from the sun warms the earth directly Increasing darkness indicates greater attractiveness to Explorer-Birders, with the opportunity for The best time to travel as a birder is when beneath it, which causes hot air to rise and exploration being the main criterion by which countries are ranked. The Top 10 territories are birds breed at your destination. At this time moisture-laden winds to be drawn in from INTRODUCTION (1) DR Congo, (2) Angola, (3) Liberia, (4) Tanzania, (5) Congo, (6) Guinea, (7) Madagascar, birds are often more vocal, responsive and surrounding regions, bringing rain. The INTRODUCTION (8) Equatorial Guinea, especially Annobón and Bioko Islands, (9) Gabon and (10) Nigeria. visually conspicuous than at other times of sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer in Underdeveloped nations in the forest zones of Central Africa and West Africa hold the greatest the year, as they defend territories and display the northern hemisphere at around 20 Jun, potential, whereas arid countries and small islands tend to hide fewer secrets. Other top ranking to attract mates. whereas it is over the Tropic of Capricorn countries include (11) Ivory Coast, (12) Sudan, (13) Zambia, (14) Somalia and (15) Ethiopia. In many parts of Africa, however, the lack of in the south at around 20 Dec. The sun and Special mention should be made of (17) Mozambique, for the number of high, remote inselbergs all-weather roads to birding sites means that, ITCZ move up and down during the year, in the north-east of the country. There are serious safety concerns with visiting some of these in moister regions, access can be problematic crossing the equator at the two equinoxes territories, so seek updated advice before travelling. at the height of the rains. This should be (approximately 20 Mar and 20 Sep). Other considered when choosing when to travel. factors affect the exact strength, width and Another factor to consider, especially in very movement of the ITCZ, but this basically hot regions, is temperature; it may often be explains why areas near the equator typically more pleasant to travel at the coolest time experience two peaks in rainfall, one each of the year. The final factor to consider time the ITCZ crosses the equator, but areas when determining the timing of a trip is the away from the equator typically experience a presence of Palaearctic migrants (mostly single rainy season. Nov–Feb in sub-Saharan Africa) and passage Rainfall in areas well outside the tropics is not migrants (typically Sep–Oct and Mar–Apr). influenced by the ITCZ; in these areas rain Straddling the equator, most of the African typically falls in the winter months (Nov–Feb region is warm and tropical, with seasons in the north, May–Aug in the far south), typically less pronounced, especially in when it is coldest. 12 temperature, than in more temperate regions. Here is a summary of where to go, when: On the whole, rainfall is the main stimulant 6 of bird breeding behaviour in arid areas. The Jan–Feb 10 15 11 opposite appears to be true in moist regions, Southern Africa is at its warmest and wettest 3 where birds tend to breed during the dry and North Africa at its driest and coldest. 14 season, especially at higher altitudes. Thus, a 8 17 Birding is good anywhere in the tropics 9 5 general rule of thumb is: if it is an arid area north of the equator, as it is drier and cooler, 1 (<800 mm rainfall/year) then visit during with popular destinations including Ghana, the rainy season, but if it is a mesic area then 4 Uganda, Morocco and Ethiopia. Arid visit during the dry season. This applies to parts of Southern Africa are at their best, the tropics, but in the far north and south including eastern South Africa, Namibia and 2 of the region, where seasonal variation in Zimbabwe. 13 17 temperature is more pronounced and plays a more significant role in stimulating bird Mar–Apr breeding, this is not the case. Here, spring 7 The wettest time of the year in southern and early summer are the peak times to visit, Central Africa, the end of the rains in generally Mar–Jul north of the Sahara and Southern Africa, the end of the dry season Sep–Jan in Southern Africa. in north Central Africa and West Africa Given the importance of rain, it is worth and spring in North Africa. This is probably understanding the movement of the main the best time to bird Namibia, Morocco, rain belt that runs across the African Cameroon, north-western Tanzania and continent within the tropics, parallel to the Ethiopia. Birding is still good anywhere in equator, called the Inter Tropical Convergence West Africa, but avoid southern Central Zone (ITCZ). The location of the ITCZ is Africa.

14 | Introduction Introduction | 15 May–Jun spate of bird breeding activity in the savannas Finally to my family, Catherine and Erin, for enthusiasm for the idea of publishing this of this region, making it a good time to putting up with me staring at a computer book, excitement over any progress made and The rains have mostly moved north of the visit Angola, southern Tanzania, Malawi, screen for many hours over the past three time spent proof reading it. equator now. This is a good time to visit Madagascar, the Indian Ocean Islands and years. Also to Catherine for her unwavering

INTRODUCTION Somaliland and Kenya. But almost anywhere INTRODUCTION Gabon. Western South Africa is also excellent south of the equator is poor at this time, at this time. Arid areas north of the equator immediately post-breeding. And the mesic and south of the Sahara should be starting to belt of northern Central Africa and West cool down, making it a good time to visit. Africa is probably too wet to consider. Nov–Dec PHOTOGRAPHIC CREDITS Jul–Aug The rains are arriving at the edge of the The rains north of the equator are in full southern tropics. This is the peak period All photographs are owned and copyrighted Alcidae, p 175: (1–2) Michael Mills. swing, especially through West Africa. for South Africa as a whole. Madagascar © by the respective photographers. All photos From the equator southwards, however, it Cuculidae, p 180: (1) Tertius A Gous. is excellent too. West Africa and northern were taken by Tasso Leventis, except for: is generally dry. This is a good time to visit Central Africa are just starting to get good Tytonidae, p 181: (1) Gus Mills. (2) M Mills. Angola, Zambia and Gabon, and is the peak , p 131: and there is the added benefit that many period for Uganda. (Common Ostrich) Gus Mills. Caprimulgidae, p 184: (1) Tertius A Gous. indigobirds and whydahs are in breeding Sep–Oct in this region. It is also cool in the , p 132: Leptosomidae, p 189: desert areas south of the Sahara, so a good (Madagascar Pochard) Michael Mills ( Roller) Tertius A Gous. The rains have now turned and are starting time to travel there. to move south over the equator. The onset of Gaviidae, p 138: Brachypteraciidae, p 192: (Short-legged the rains in southern Central Africa bring a (Red-throated Diver) Michael Mills. Ground Roller and 3) Tertius A Gous. (1, 2) Callan Cohen www.birdingafrica.com. Spheniscidae, p 139: (1) Michael Mills. (2) Peter Ryan. Upupidae, p 195: (2) Callan Cohen. , p 141: (2) Peter Ryan. Picidae, p 204: (3) Peter Morris. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Phaethontidae, p 144: Indicatoridae, p 205: (2) Hugh Chittenden. (1) Tertius A Gous. (2) Phil Hall. Eurylaimidae, p 209: (1) Tertius A Gous. First and foremost I would like to thank had a significant impact on the shape of Balaenicipitidae, p 149: (3, 4) Callan Cohen www.birdingafrica.com. my co-author, Tasso, for his support of this book. So too has Julian Francis who, () © lues01 – stock.adobe.com. this project. Through his generosity and through his appreciation for publishing and Pittidae, p 210: appreciation for Africa and its birds, Tasso birds, has encouraged me along the way. Sagittariidae, p 154: (Secretarybird) Gus (Green-breasted Pitta) Greg B Miles. Mills. has made numerous lasting contributions to Phil Hall has also been a strong supporter of Vangidae, p 216: (1) Tertius A Gous. (All and in Africa the project. Gus Mills, my father, who can Accipitridae, p 156: (3) Gus Mills. other) Callan Cohen www.birdingafrica.com. and beyond. The photographs in this book are take much credit for stimulating my early a visual tribute to his passion for birds. interest in birds more than 30 years ago, Otididae, p 158: (2) Gus Mills. , p 238: (1) Tertius A Gous. spent hours proof reading the book. As did Secondly, I would like to thank everyone who Mesitornithidae, p 159: (Subdesert ) Scotocercidae, 239: (Scrub Warbler) Arnoud Mike Rogerson. I would also like to thank has contributed in some way to this book, Callan Cohen www.birdingafrica.com. B van den Berg/The Sound Approach. Toby Attwell for all the work he has done on which in reality is probably anyone who I the design of the book and Aimy Cáceres for Sarothruridae, p 159: (Madagascar Flufftail) , p 246: have birded with, who has written a book producing the maps. Thanks also to Faansie Callan Cohen www.birdingafrica.com. (1) Tertius A Gous. (2) Don MacGillivray. or trip report which I have read, or who has Peacock, expert self-publisher of bird books, corresponded with me about birds. Heliornithidae, p 160: Pellorneidae, p 247: (1) Robert Tizard. who, through his own work, encouraged me (African Finfoot) Tertius A Gous. Certain individuals have made more direct to consider self-publishing as an option. Arcanatoridae, p 251: contributions to the writing and production Turnicidae, p 163: (2) Tertius A Gous. (1) Robert Tizard. (2) Gabriel Jamie. A special word of thanks also to my mother- of this book. I'd like to thank Callan Cohen, in-law, Lindy, who shared her home with us, Chionidae, p 164: Viduidae, p 268: (3) Hugh Chittenden. long time friend and colleague, for all as a family, while I was writing this book. (Black-faced Sheathbill) Peter Ryan. his knowledge and enthusiasm shared. Thraupidae, p 275: (Gough Bunting) Peter Thanks for all your patience and tolerance! Through various discussions Callan has Stercorariidae, p 174: (1–3) Michael Mills. Ryan.

16 | Introduction Introduction | 17 The African region, as defined here, is composed of 68 territories, of which 50 are mainland states and 18 are island territories. While each territory offers something different to the travelling birder, certain ones are a must-see whereas others are best avoided due to COUNTRY ACCOUNTS COUNTRY concerns over safety and security. A few territories receive hundreds ACCOUNTS COUNTRY of visiting birders every year, while others provide excellent opportunities for exploration and are virtually unknown, despite being safe. Certain destinations offer comfortable travel, whereas others will be enjoyed only by the most rugged of travellers. In the Country Accounts, a general overview of birding and travel in the region is provided, by territory, serving as a starting point for Country thinking about new places to visit.

Territories are listed in alphabetical order. BIRDS AND BIRDING Those comprised of multiple land masses, This section summarises information such as Equatorial Guinea (Río Muni, Bioko regarding the birds of that territory, and when and Annobón) and Mauritius (Mauritius and Accounts and where to see them. Rodrigues), are treated as one except where different sections are likely to be visited on First, each territory is assigned to one of ten separate trips, as is the case for St Helena, sub-regions based on geographic position, Ascension, Gough and Tristan da Cunha, all namely Southern Africa, Central Africa, East part of the same British Overseas Territory. Africa, Horn of Africa, West Africa, North- East Africa and North-West Africa (together The name of each territory is followed, in forming North Africa), Oceanic Islands, parentheses, by the approximate latitudinal Macaronesia (also called Atlantic Islands) or range at which it lies and details such as Indian Ocean Islands (including Madagascar alternative territory names, abbreviations and also called the Malagasy region). Note used or political affiliations. An introductory that North-East Africa refers to a region paragraph then gives a brief birder's excluding the Horn of Africa, whereas ne summary of the territory, before more Africa is the north-eastern part of Africa and detailed information is conveyed under can include North East Africa, East Africa Birds and Birding, Travel and Literature. and the Horn of Africa. Some territories may This information is intended to be a brief span multiple sub-regions, in which case the summary and starting point for anyone dominant region by area is used, for example who may be interested in a particular place. parts of both Southern Africa and Central Sources of further relevant information Africa fall within the borders of Mozambique. include Important Bird Areas in Africa and Associated Islands 2001 by Evans & Fishpool, Then keys SPECIES information is listed: country pages of the African Bird Club first, in parentheses, the Bird Importance website, the BirdLife Data Zone, WikiTravel, Score (BIS) is given, calculated based on the Africa Infrastructure Knowledge Program, Special Category birds that occur there (see p Climate Data, Foreign and Commonwealth 9 for details; e.g. 27 for Aldabra), followed by Office Travel Advice and literature listed under the BIS rank out of the 66 territories assessed each territory. (Swaziland and Lesotho are assessed together with South Africa), e.g. 33/66 for Aldabra.

18 | Country Accounts Country Accounts | 19 Thereafter a detailed list of key birds to be —sites: top birding sites, sometimes with CITIES: key cities for travellers are listed, usually recommended. Four wheel drive found is given, following the taxonomy used key birds and habitats mentioned. For including capitals and international airports. vehicles are often needed to reach key birding in this guide (see p 278 for details). English abbreviations used, see p 539. sites. EASE: general information is provided bird names in red font denote species recently TIMING: the three best months to visit are regarding the ease of ATTRACTIONS: a brief list of other top extinct. Categories used are given in bold text in parentheses, followed by outdoor attractions or sites of interest, where

COUNTRY ACCOUNTS COUNTRY —entry: entry documentation requirements ACCOUNTS COUNTRY —EN, Endemic species excluding vagrancy. an explanation. In certain cases different parts appropriate. and air, water and land access. Exact entry of the territory are best to visit at different —NE, Near-Endemic species, i.e. with >75% requirements should be checked with your MONEY: a rating of the expense of travel as times; this is noted where appropriate. Periods of range or population in that territory. nearest diplomatic office, as these can a bird watcher to and in the territory is given to avoid may be mentioned too. change at short notice and vary according as inexpensive, fairly inexpensive, moderate, —BT, Best-Territory, for birds best found in EXPLORE: a rating of how much opportunity to nationality. Yellow Fever vaccinations are expensive or very expensive, compared that territory but occurring more widely. there is for exploration, given as very low, a requirement for entry into many African with global travel prices. This takes into —1/2, One-of-Two, for birds occurring in low, moderate, high or very high, followed by countries and are not listed individually. account the most likely way of travelling as only two territories but not EN, NE or BT. an explanation. In general more arid, open Note that virtually all land border crossings, an independent birder. While it is possible habitats harbour fewer secrets than dense even if safe, are generally chaotic and can be to travel fairly cheaply in Africa by using —B2, Best-Two, for birds best found in two forest, so this is taken into consideration. See quite stressful to use, but officials are usually public transport, camping or sleeping in basic territories but occurring in more. p 9 for further discussion. courteous and friendly if you are. For virtually accommodation and eating local food, many —other, for other taxa of interest. These all territories with a coastline it is possible to of the best birding sites require a private 4x4 include splits in addition to those adopted in arrive by boat, but in most cases this is a time to reach them and public transport makes the Species Accounts and lumps for species TRAVEL consuming and unpopular means of travel, so it slow to get around. Most birders utilise lumped on the IOC List but split in this guide arrival by water is only mentioned in certain tourist-standard facilities and services, (see details on p 278). After the word 'also', General travel information is summarised cases where it is a convenient option. Note which are generally expensive across Africa, a list is given of subspecies endemic to that under: that some countries require foreigners to especially considering their quality. Add to territory (ESS), regionally endemic subspecies SAFETY: safety information is based on that officially register on arrival; this is not always this the high entry fees to some conservation (subspecies listed with ESS) and other sought- issued at the time of writing (May 2017) by mentioned, so obtain advice locally. areas, especially in East Africa, and most birding trips to Africa become quite an after birds to be found (without subspecies). the Foreign & Commonwealth Office of the —within: details of travelling within the expensive exercise, especially when compared government of the United Kingdom. There is territory, including main languages and This is followed by information on the with and South America. diversity and composition of the avifauna (— a risk of encountering crime or terrorism in use of English, road and internal transport diversity), including the approximate number any part of the globe, and situations can often infrastructure and availability and range Information on the expense of travel is of species recorded and, in parentheses, change very rapidly. Before travelling you of accommodation. Availability of local followed by the name of the currency/ies of its rank for the ten territories with the should make your own personal assessment and national bird watching guides may legal tender and its exchange rate/s if fixed to longest bird lists. A statement on the general of whether a country or region is safe or not. be mentioned, as may the availability any major currency. Availability of electronic composition of the avifauna is made and, In general, election periods are often heated of set departure birding trips offered by banking facilities (ATMs and credit cards) is in some cases, how many birds are typically affairs, with protests and an increase in international tour companies. briefly discussed and the need to bring cash police roadblocks, so check ahead and make mentioned. Travellers on fully inclusive, pre- recorded by focussed and competent birders Communication networks are not discussed, sure that you are not travelling immediately paid trips will obviously need very little local during a trip of typical duration that covers as almost all African countries now have before or during elections. A certain degree of currency. In general, cash is still the main the key birding areas in that territory. good cellular phone networks; these often alertness and sensibility is required wherever means of payment in Africa, except in areas work better on local SIM cards than on Further information includes: you travel. When on a trip, always keep cash, that receive a lot of visitors. Regarding foreign international roaming. Almost all territories travel documents and other valuable items on exchange, note that most banks and money HABITATS: a list of the most important have a network of public transport, but your person; do not leave them on your trip changers throughout Africa will only accept birding habitats, sometimes with key birds this is mostly chaotic, fairly unsafe and vehicle or in a locked hotel room. USD notes of recent mint (post 2006) and in mentioned. uncomfortable and does not allow access excellent condition. Smaller denomination For medical advice, please see your local to wildlife reserves, so in most cases public AREAS: information on key areas for birding, bills will also often attract lower rates of medical travel experts. Prophylaxis and transport is not mentioned. The majority of divided into exchange. Exchange rates of free-trading inoculations for Malaria, Yellow Fever and countries have road and driving conditions currencies are not given; please consult XE —EBAs: all Endemic Bird Areas and a of other tropical diseases should be well below standards in Europe and North Currency. See p 539 for abbreviations used. Secondary Areas (SAs), as defined by BirdLife considered before travelling, but only taken America, which means that self-drive is not International, found in each territory. with proper consultation.

20 | Country Accounts Country Accounts | 21 GEOGRAPHY: a summary is given of the references. Refer to the References section main geographical features of the territory, (p 521) full details of each source. Titles of Aldabra Group (9–10°S, Seychelles) including its location and neighbouring books, websites and other publications are territories, topography, major mountain given in italics. The Natural History Book This outlying group of Seychellois islands is TRAVEL ranges and significant freshwater bodies. Store can be consulted for new books and famous for the remote and pristine Aldabra SAFETY: there is virtually no risk of crime,

COUNTRY ACCOUNTS COUNTRY other sources, including books on plants and Atoll, touted as one of the world's most ACCOUNTS COUNTRY SIZE: the size of the territory is given in although there have been instances of unfeathered and hairless . See also remarkable natural history sites. It holds square kilometres to three significant figures, piracy in the region in the past. There are the country pages of the African Bird Club or thousands of giant tortoises and spectacular usually together with a comparison of its size no medical facilities. CITIES: Assumption Important Bird Areas in Africa 2001 by Evans colonies. However, reachable only to that of the United Kingdom (UK) and/or (landing strip). EASE —entry: no visa & Fishpool, for more detailed reference lists. by boat it is a very expensive and specialist South Africa (SA), the latter the ninth largest is required for Seychelles, but entry is Sources are divided into destination with only a small number of bird country in the region. Where appropriate, a conditional (see Seychelles). Entry to specials. There are three endemics; a drongo number in parentheses gives the rank by size ID: bird identification guides, with the most Aldabra must be requested via the Seychelles and endemic to Aldabra Atoll (A) and of the top 10 largest territories in the region. highly recommended guide listed first. Islands Foundation. Getting to the Aldabra Abbott's Sunbird on Assumption (Ass), If a territory is fragmented, sizes of separate Group is challenging; there are occasional SOUND: CDs and DVDs with bird sounds, Astove (Ast) and Cosmoledo Islands (C). areas may be given. scheduled flights to Assumption Is by the excluding apps. Xeno Canto also provides free Island Development Company and a supply CLIMATE: a generalised statement of the bird sounds. vessel from Mahé belonging to the Island climate, detailing seasonality and geographic APPS: birding applications for smartphones BIRDS AND BIRDING Development Company, but most visitors variation in rainfall and temperature. This and other mobile devices. Details of given in arrive by private charter flight to Assumption, is followed by more detailed rainfall and Indian Ocean Islands. SPECIES (27, the references (p 536). or by private boat. —within: English. Travel temperature data for one or more places in 33/66) —EN (3): Aldabra Drongo (A), between islands is by boat only; Aldabra each territory. Figures given include annual SITE: sources with details on bird watching Aldabra Brush Warbler, Abbott's Sunbird Atoll is 50 km from Assumption. There is a average rainfall in millimetres (annual), the locations or sites. Almost all territories (Ass abbotti, Ast & C buchenorum), Aldabra research centre at La Gigi on Picard Island, range of average monthly rainfall of the driest are covered by Where to Watch Birds in Fody (A). —1/2 (6): Madagascar Sacred but only visitors conducting research can stay; and wettest months in millimetres (monthly), Africa 1995 by Wheatley, so it is not listed (ESS A abbotti), White-throated tourists are to sleep aboard vessels. Several and the three months with highest (wettest) individually. Various trip reports on the (ESS A aldabranus), Madagascar cruise ships visit Aldabra. ATTRACTIONS: and lowest (driest) rainfall. Temperature internet are good sources too; see Cloud (ESS A insularis), Madagascar Nightjar giant tortoises. Sea turtles. Remote information in degrees Celsius includes Birders. (ESS aldabrensis), Madagascar Kestrel (ESS wilderness. MONEY: very expensive; the cost the annual average daily minimum and A aldabranus), Souimanga Sunbird (ESS of getting to Aldabra is prohibitive for most maximum temperature (annual), the range TRAVEL: general travel guide books. A aldabrensis). —other: Aldabra White- people. Seychellois Rupee. There is little to of average daily maximum temperatures for throated Rail (EN A), Aldabra Turtle Dove OTHER: other useful bird books, including spend money on. GEOGRAPHY: politically the coolest and hottest months (monthly), (EN A & C), Aldabra White-eye (EN A journal publications where little other part of Seychelles, the Aldabra Group of and the three months with the highest aldabrensis, Ast & C menaiensis). Also information is available, the best mammal islands form part of the Outer Islands and (hottest) and lowest (coldest) daily average Tropical Shearwater (ESS A colstoni), Striated identification guide and summaries of natural consist of Aldabra Atoll (with four main temperatures. history. Note that the seven volume The Birds (ESS crawfordi), Madagascar Pond Heron, Great Frigatebird (A & C), Lesser islands), Assumption Island, Cosmoledo of Africa series, the six volume Mammals Atoll and Astove Is. Aldabra Atoll is the of Africa, The Kingdon Field Guide to the Frigatebird, Red-footed Booby (C), Brown Booby (C), Black-naped , Comoro Blue world's second largest coral atoll. Due to their LITERATURE Mammals of Africa 2015 by Kingdon and the remoteness they are treated separately from two Handbooks of the Birds/Mammals of the Pigeon (ESS minor), Madagascar Bulbul (ESS This section lists recommended books, A rostratus). —diversity: 120. Malagasy with the rest of the Seychelles. Aldabra is located World series are applicable to virtually all 420 km north-west of Madagascar, 1,100 km ebooks, CDs, DVDs and Apps for travelling territories, so also not listed individually. many vagrants and . Expect 20–30 birders. In cases where appropriate literature sp in 2–3 days. HABITATS: coastal scrub, south-west of Mahé and 640 km east of the is in regional rather than country-specific WEB: websites, blogs and email groups. For estuaries. AREAS —EBAs: Aldabra. —sites: African continent. The four main islands are guides, only the most recommended the region as a whole, join the African Birding Aldabra Atoll. Assumption Is. TIMING (Sep– spread over 200 km of ocean. They reach a 2 source is listed and the reader is directed to Discussion Group and visit the website of the Nov): best at the start of the rains when most maximum altitude of 8 m. SIZE: 176 km , 2 Morocco for North African and European African Bird Club. Full web addresses are birds breed. Avoid cyclone season (Dec–Mar). with Aldabra (155 km ) by far the largest of literature, Azores for Macaronesian literature, listed in the references (see p 533). BirdLife EXPLORE: low. Aldabra is small and well the four islands. CLIMATE: tropical, with Madagascar for Indian Ocean Islands sources partners are listed together on p 535 for known. a single rainy season (Nov–Apr) and minor and South Africa for Southern African territories with partners. variations in monthly temperature. Aldabra rainfall = annual 960 mm, monthly 78–358

22 | Country Accounts Country Accounts | 23 mm; wettest Dec–Feb, driest Jun–Aug. LITERATURE and . It is not advisable to use any climate, although much moister and cooler Aldabra temperatures = hottest Mar–May, land borders. Until recently it was the fifth in the north than the south. Winter rainfall coolest Jul–Sep. See also Seychelles. OTHER: (1) A systematic most-visited African country by international (Oct–Apr), which varies from almost 0 mm list of the birds of Aldabra 2002 by Betts. (2) visitors. —within: Arabic (official), French in the south up to around 800 mm in the Birds of Aldabra 1999 by Skerrett. WEB: (widely spoken); little English. Roads, internal north. Winters are significantly colder than Aldabra Marine Programme.

COUNTRY ACCOUNTS COUNTRY flights and accommodation are generally of summers. Algiers (north, coastal) rainfall = ACCOUNTS COUNTRY a reasonable standard in the north, less so in annual 690 mm, monthly 2–117 mm; wettest the south. A handful of tour operators have Nov–Jan, driest Jun–Aug. Algiers temperature recently started to offer bird watching tours = annual min/max 15–22°C, monthly max to Algeria. ATTRACTIONS: Timgad, Hippo 15–30°C; hottest Jul–Sep, coldest Dec–Feb. Algeria (19–37°N) Regius & Djemila Roman Ruins. Desert Adrar (central) rainfall = annual 15 mm, exploration. MONEY: fairly inexpensive. monthly 0–4 mm. Adrar temperature = Located close to Europe and possessing a (tingitanus), Hawfinch (buvryi), European Algerian Dinar, which may not be exported. annual min/max 16–33°C, monthly max well-developed infrastructure, Algeria could Greenfinch (voousi). —diversity: 360. Fairly limited electronic banking; bring some 21–45°C; hottest Jun–Aug, coolest Dec–Feb. be a popular birding destination if it was not Palaearctic in the north, more Afrotropical in Euro or USD. GEOGRAPHY: situated on the for concerns over safety. Although species the south. Expect 150–250 sp in 2–3 weeks. north coast of Africa, east of Morocco and diversity is not particularly high, a good HABITATS: montane forest for Algerian west of Tunisia, Algeria has almost 1,000 km LITERATURE selection of North-West African specialties Nuthatch and other regional specials. Desert. of coast line. It is generally mountainous in See also Morocco. SITE: (1) The Good Bird can be seen and the endemic Algerian AREAS —EBAs: North Algerian Mountains the north, reaching up to 2,321 m at Djebel Guide 2005 by Marsh, basic. TRAVEL: (1) Nuthatch is potentially a major attraction. SA. —sites: Mt Babor & Taza NP for Algerian Mahmel, with numerous wetlands. South of Algeria 2008 by Oakes/Bradt, outdated. (2) Unfortunately the entire range of the nuthatch Nuthatch and montane sp. Belezma NP for the Atlas Mts the country is mostly covered Algeria 2007 by Ham et al/Lonely Planet, is considered unsafe to visit at present. With montane sp. Tassili N'Ajjer NP & Ahaggar NP by flat desert below 500 m altitude, although outdated. (3) chapter in Africa 2013 by all other North-West African specialties for desert sp. TIMING (Feb–Apr): the north in the far south several mountain ranges Richmond et al/Lonely Planet, basic. OTHER: easily seen in neighbouring, tourist-friendly is best in spring, after the rains (Mar–May), rise to over 2,000 m, including the highest (1) Birds of Algeria 2000 by Isenmann & Morocco, Algeria will remain little visited and the south is best when cooler (Nov– peak in the country, Mt Tahat in the Hoggar 2 Moali. (2) Mammals of Algeria 1991 by until the safety situation improves. Mar), so Feb–Apr is a good compromise. Mts, at 2,908 m. SIZE (1): 2.38 million km . Kowalski & Rzebik-Kowalska. WEB: Algerian Passage migrants are numerous Sep–Oct 2xSA, 10xUK. The tenth largest country in Birds Yahoo Group, in French. and Feb–Apr. Palaearctic migrants are most the world. CLIMATE: generally a warm, dry BIRDS AND BIRDING numerous Nov–Feb. Avoid Jul–Sep if possible. EXPLORE: moderate. The north is quite well North-West Africa. SPECIES (7, 47/66) known whereas the little visited south is arid —EN (1): Algerian Nuthatch. —1/2 (1): with lower bird diversity; however, large areas African Crimson-winged Finch. —other: are unexplored. Angola (6–18°S) Barbary , Houbara , Balearic Shearwater, Yelkouan Shearwater, Angola covers an impressive diversity of BIRDS AND BIRDING European Turtle Dove (hoggara), Lesser TRAVEL habitats, from Congo Basin forests to the Spotted Woodpecker (ESS ledouci), Central Africa. SPECIES (216, 7/66) —EN Namib Desert, and has an equally remarkable Great Spotted Woodpecker (numidus), SAFETY: although some of the main cities (17): Grey-striped , Swierstra's bird list including a host of rarely-seen Levaillant's Green Woodpecker, Eurasian are considered safe in terms of crime and Francolin, Red-crested , Red-backed endemics and specials. Over the last 15 years, Jay (minor + cervicalis), Western Jackdaw terrorism, there are security issues in large , White-fronted Wattle-eye, Gabela great strides have been made to improve (ESS cirtensis), Coal Tit (ledouci), Maghreb parts of the south and east, including the Helmetshrike, Monteiro's , Braun's its infrastructure, to the point where it is Lark, Dupont's Lark, Tristram's Warbler, entire range of Algerian Nuthatch. CITIES: Bushshrike, Gabela Bushshrike, Pulitzer's now a destination suitable for most birders. Short-toed Treecreeper (mauritanica), Algiers (capital). EASE —entry: citizens of Longbill, Huambo Cisticola, Hartert's Difficulties with obtaining visitor visas are the Common Blackbird | Eurasian Blackbird most nationalities require a pre-arrival visa, Camaroptera, Angola Slaty Flycatcher, Gabela greatest obstacle to overcome. There is ample (mauritanicus), European Robin (witherbyi), which can be difficult and time consuming Akalat, Ludwig's Double-collared Sunbird, opportunity for serious exploration, although Atlas Flycatcher, Moussier's Redstart, (up to four weeks) to obtain. Israeli visa Golden-backed Bishop, Angola Swee Waxbill. the threat of landmines still exists in many Seeböhm's Wheatear, Black Wheatear stamps in your passport may be a problem. —NE (9): Pale-olive Greenbul, Bubbling areas. If it remains stable and peaceful and (riggenbachi), Maghreb Wheatear, White- Algiers is very well connected to Europe by Cisticola, Angola Cave Chat, Rufous-tailed opens up to visitors, the country stands to throated Dipper (minor), House Sparrow flights. There are regular ferries to Spain, Palm Thrush, Bocage's Sunbird, Landana become a major birding destination in Africa.

24 | Country Accounts Country Accounts | 25 Firefinch, Ansorge's Firefinch, Cinderella throated Cuckooshrike, Dusky Tit (gabela), TRAVEL into the ocean just south of Luanda) and Waxbill, Grimwood's Longclaw. —BT (18): Angola Lark, Cabanis's Greenbul, White- Cunene (forming the southern border with Gabon Coucal, Anchieta's Barbet, Angola headed Saw-wing (ESS suffusa, controversial), SAFETY: on the whole there is little threat Namibia). Most of the Okavango drainage Batis, Yellow-throated Nicator, Yellow-necked Yellow Longbill, Long-billed Crombec from crime or banditry, except in Cabinda lies in south-eastern Angola and large parts Greenbul, Brazza's Martin, Black-and-rufous (ansorgei), Red-capped Crombec, Laura's and parts of the north-east. However, some of the upper reaches of the Zambezi lie in far areas still have unmarked landmine fields. 2

COUNTRY ACCOUNTS COUNTRY Swallow, Black-tailed Cisticola, Salvadori's Woodland Warbler (ESS laurae), Evergreen eastern Angola. SIZE (7): 1.27 million km , ACCOUNTS COUNTRY Eremomela, Forest Hyliota, Sharp-tailed Forest Warbler (boultoni), Tinkling Cisticola, Medical facilities are basic. CITIES: Luanda including Cabinda at 7,270 km2. 5xUK, =SA. Starling, Forest , White-headed Wailing Cisticola (ESS namba), Chirping (capital), Lubango. EASE —entry: almost CLIMATE: generally warm and tropical, Robin-Chat, Bocage's Akalat (ESS bocagei), Cisticola, Banded Prinia (ESS heinrichi), all nationalities require a visa. Requirements although cool in the highlands and far south Oustalet's Sunbird (ESS oustaleti), Dusky Masked Apalis, Grey Apalis (ESS grandis), are strict and include a letter of invitation in winter. Rain falls during the summer Twinspot (ESS cinereovinacea), Grey Waxbill, Miombo Wren-Warbler | Pale Wren-Warbler from Angola. Visas can take up to six weeks months (Oct–Apr) and winters are very dry. Black-faced Canary. —1/2 (12): Hartlaub's (ESS huilae), Scaly-breasted Illadopsis (ESS to obtain. Luanda is fairly well serviced by Rainfall varies from around 60 mm in the Francolin, Rüppell's Korhaan, Violet Wood trensei), Brown Illadopsis (ESS dilutior), international and regional flights and it is south-west to over 1,600 mm in the north- Hoopoe, Monteiro's Hornbill, Rüppell's Hartlaub's Babbler, White-winged Babbling possible to fly from Windhoek in Namibia to east and montane areas; generally rainfall , White-tailed Shrike, Carp's Tit, Gray's Starling (ESS gutturalis), Forest Scrub Robin Lubango. Land border entry from Namibia increases away from the coast, towards the Lark, Benguela Long-billed Lark, Rockrunner, (ESS reichenowi), Miombo Scrub Robin, is fairly straightforward, but from Zambia equator and with altitude. Annual variation Bare-cheeked Babbler, Herero Chat. —B2 Brown-chested Alethe (ESS hallae), Miombo and DR Congo it is more challenging to cross in temperature is minor in the north, but (17): Finsch's Francolin, Bradfield's Swift, Rock Thrush, Mountain Wheatear (ESS and should only be attempted by experienced much more pronounced in the south and Damara Hornbill, Western Black-backed albipileata + nigricauda), Arnott's Chat (ESS and well-equipped travellers. —within: mountains. Luanda (central coast) rainfall Barbet, West African Pitta, Margaret's Batis harterti), Carmelite Sunbird (fuliginosa), Portuguese; little English. Road conditions = annual 370 mm, monthly 0–124 mm; (ESS margaritae), Angola Lark, Black- Bronzy Sunbird (ESS gadowi), Red-headed have improved vastly in the past ten years wettest Feb–Apr, driest Jun–Aug. Luanda collared Bulbul, Red-throated Cliff Swallow, Malimbe (ESS praedi), , and are now reasonable, but there are many temperature = annual min/max 22–28°C, Black-necked Eremomela, Short-toed Rock White-winged Widowbird (asymmetrurus), police roadblocks and lots of pot holes. There monthly max 24–31°C; hottest Feb–Apr, Thrush, Bannerman's Sunbird, Black-chinned Woodhouse's Antpecker (ESS ansorgei), is a reasonable network of flights between coolest Jul–Sep. Huambo (western highlands) Weaver, Bocage's Weaver, Red-headed Fawn-breasted Waxbill, Wood Pipit, Yellow- Luanda and other cities, although there are rainfall = annual 1,400 mm, monthly 1–239 Bluebill, Broad-tailed Paradise Whydah, crowned Canary (ESS huillensis), Cape often delays. Reasonable quality hotels are mm; wettest Nov–Dec and Mar, driest Jun– Fülleborn's Longclaw. —other: Cunene Bunting (ESS nebularum). —diversity: 940 generally limited to the main towns and cities. Aug. Huambo temperature = annual min/ River Francolin (1/2), Angola Mountain (5th). Strongly Afrotropical. Expect 500–550 Car hire is difficult and expensive to organise. max 12–26°C, monthly max 25–29°C; hottest Nightjar (EN), Loanda Swift (EN), Angola sp in 2–3 weeks. HABITATS: escarpment A few bird tour operators offer camping- Aug–Oct, coolest May–Jul. Naked-faced Barbet (EN), Angola White- forest, Afromontane forest and gallery forest only tours, but Birding Africa offers fully headed Barbet (EN), Perrin's Bushshrike for endemics. Miombo woodland, desert. accommodated bird tours. ATTRACTIONS: (BT), Angola White-throated Greenbul (EN), AREAS —EBAs: Western Angola. Gabon- spectacles such as Kalandula Falls and Leba LITERATURE Lepe Cisticola (EN), Benguela Long-tailed Cabinda coast SA. Namibian escarpment Pass. MONEY: very expensive, especially Starling (EN), Cunene Long-tailed Starling SA. West Zaïre and North Angola forests SA. car hire. Kwanza. Fairly limited electronic See also South Africa. ID: Birds of Africa (NE), Benguela Seedeater (NE). Bocage's —sites: Mt Moco & Tundavala for montane banking, which often does not work; bring South of the Sahara 2010 by Sinclair & Ryan. Akalat (BT). Also White-throated Francolin and miombo sp. Kumbira Forest, Kissama USD or Euro. GEOGRAPHY: located within SOUND: (1) Vocalisations of Angolan Birds (dewittei), Red-necked Spurfowl (afer), NP (central) and Quibaxe (northern) for the tropics on the west coast of Central 2007 by Mills, most specials. (2) African Bird Ludwig's Bustard, Royal Tern, Coppery-tailed escarpment endemics. Kalandula Falls for Africa, north of Namibia, south and west of Sounds 2001 by Chappuis, most sp excluding Coucal, Fernando Swift (status uncertain), White-headed Robin-Chat and miombo sp. DR Congo and west of Zambia; the enclave specials. (3) Southern African Bird Sounds Olive Bee-eater (alternans), Black Namibe for desert sp. TIMING (Aug–Oct): of Cabinda is surrounded by the DR Congo 1995 by Gibbon, most sp excluding specials. (anchietae), Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill best at the start of the rains (Aug–Oct) when and Congo. There is a narrow coastal plain SITE: Southern African Birdfinder 2006 by (ESS elegans), Pale-billed Hornbill, Eastern most birds breed. Some places, including at 0–300 m altitude, an escarpment rising, Cohen et al, basic. TRAVEL: Angola 2013 by Piping Hornbill, Western Green Tinkerbird Kumbira, may be inaccessible during the rains steeply in parts and more gradually in others, Stead et al/Bradt. OTHER: (1) The Special (ESS angolensis), Pallid Honeyguide, Elliot's (Nov–Mar). Feb–May is good for breeding to a mostly flat inland plateau covering most Bird of Angola 2017 by Mills. (2) The Birds Woodpecker (ESS gabela), Rosy-faced plumaged Golden-backed Bishop and various of the country and generally lying above 1,000 of Angola 2000 by Dean. (3) Ornitologia de Lovebird, African Broadbill, Black-throated Vidua sp. Jun–Jul is unproductive in the m. A series of mountain ranges run east of the Angola 1983 by Rosa Pinto, Portuguese. (4) Wattle-eye, Yellow-bellied Wattle-eye (ESS highlands. EXPLORE: high. Large areas escarpment in the south of the country and The Checklist of the Birds of Angola 2013 by ansorgei), Pink-footed Puffback, Swamp remain unexplored, especially in the eastern include the highest peak, Mt Moco, at 2,620 Mills & Melo. WEB: Angola Birders Email Boubou, Petit's Cuckooshrike, Purple- half of the country, but beware of land mines. m. Major rivers include the Congo (forming Group. Birds Angola. Mount Moco. the northern border), Kwanza (flowing

26 | Country Accounts Country Accounts | 27 (8°S, United Kingdom) Azores (37–40°N, Portugal)

This remote volcanic island is rarely visited by ATTRACTIONS: hiking. Sea turtles. Well connected by flights and possessing a TRAVEL birders. All indigenous landbirds are extinct, MONEY: expensive. St Helena Pound and good tourism infrastructure, the Azores make SAFETY: considered very low risk for crime.

COUNTRY ACCOUNTS COUNTRY leaving the breeding-endemic Ascension GBP, which trade at 1:1; USD also accepted. for an interesting, short birding trip. Only two ACCOUNTS COUNTRY CITIES: Ponta Delgada on São Miguel (main Frigatebird as the only major avian attraction. Limited electronic banking; bring GBP. islands are essential to visit: São Miguel in the airport), Angra do Heroísmo on Terceira and While there are good populations of breeding GEOGRAPHY: forms part of the British east for Azores Bullfinch, the only endemic Horta on Faial are the main administrative seabirds, the expense and difficulty of getting Overseas Territory of St Helena, Ascension landbird, and seas surrounding Graciosa in centres. EASE —entry: visa requirements there means few people have bothered. and Tristan da Cunha. It is located 1,550 km the north for Monteiro's Storm Petrel, the one are as for Portugal; most westerners do not west of Liberia in West Africa, 2,250 km east endemic seabird. Overall the avifauna consists require a visa. Ponta Delgada Airport on of the coast of South America and 1,250 km largely of vagrants, including numerous São Miguel is quite well connected by flight north-west of St Helena. The island is a fairly species from the Americas, and hence is BIRDS AND BIRDING to Europe and North America. —within: recent volcano, which rises to 859 m at Green popular with birders wishing to enlarge their Portuguese; some English. There is a good Oceanic Islands. SPECIES (5, 51/66) —EN Mountain. SAFETY: although there is very Western Palaearctic lists, but there are also road infrastructure and a good network of (1): Ascension Frigatebird (br). —other: little risk of crime, medical facilities are basic. several endemic subspecies to watch out for. buses operates on most islands. Self-drive Band-rumped Storm Petrel | Madeiran Storm Air evacuation insurance is a prerequisite for is popular and car hire is possible on most Petrel, Red-billed , White-tailed being granted permission to visit. SIZE: 96 islands. All the main islands have airfields Tropicbird, Masked Booby, Red-footed km2, with the main island 88 km2. CLIMATE: BIRDS AND BIRDING and daily internal flights to them; most Booby, Brown Booby, Black Noddy, White generally warm and dry with rain mostly towns can also be reached by boat or ferry. Tern, Sooty Tern. —diversity: 60. Composed Mar–Jul and relatively small fluctuations in Macaronesia. SPECIES (10, 44/66) —EN There is a good range of accommodation entirely of seabirds, vagrants and introduced temperature. Rainfall is much higher in the (2): Monteiro's Storm Petrel (br), Azores available. A few companies offer birding sp. Expect 10–20 sp in 1–2 days. HABITATS: highlands (up to 680 mm) than at the coast. Bullfinch. —other: Common Quail (ESS tours, usually combined with Madeira and sea cliffs for breeding seabirds. AREAS Georgetown (coastal) rainfall = annual 140 conturbans), Cory's Shearwater, Barolo the Canary Islands. ATTRACTIONS: Setes —sites: Boatswainbird Is for Ascension mm, monthly 4–33 mm; wettest Mar–May, Shearwater, Common Buzzard (insularum), Cidades caldera. Architecture at Angra Frigatebird and other breeding seabirds. Mars driest Nov–Jan. Georgetown temperature Yellow-legged Gull (atlantis), Sooty Tern, do Heroísmo. Hiking, including Mt Pico. Bay area for breeding Sooty Tern. Green = annual min/max 23–30°C, monthly max Roseate Tern, Common Wood Pigeon Whale watching. MONEY: moderate. Euro. Mountain for breeding White Tern. TIMING 28–31°C; hottest Feb–Apr, coolest Aug–Oct. (ESS azorica), Goldcrest (ESS azoricus + (Oct–Dec): best at the peak breeding season sanctaemariae + inermis), Fairly widespread electronic banking; bring of Ascension Frigatebird is Oct–Dec. Any (ESS granti), Common Blackbird | Eurasian some Euro. GEOGRAPHY: these isolated Portuguese islands lie some 1,500 km west time of the year is fine. EXPLORE: low. The LITERATURE Blackbird (ESS azorensis), island is small and well known. (gularis), Grey Wagtail (ESS patriciae), of Portugal and Africa and 3,900 km east of ID: A Guide to the Birds of St Helena and Common Chaffinch (ESS moreletti), Atlantic North America. There are nine main islands Ascension Island 2004 by McCulloch. SITE: Canary. —diversity: 300. Palaearctic, with spread over a distance of 600 km. Situated TRAVEL section in ID guide. TRAVEL: (1) St Helena, many vagrants. Expect 40–60 sp in 2–3 days. on the junction of three large tectonic plates, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 2015 by HABITATS: montane laurel forest on São the Azores are volcanic in origin and the CITIES: Georgetown (capital). EASE — Britt-Gallagher & Hayne/Bradt. (2) Ascension Miguel for Azores Bullfinch. Offshore islets landscapes are quite mountainous, with the entry: an entry permit must be requested in Island 2004 by McFall. OTHER: (1) The near Graciosa for Monteiro's Storm Petrel highest peak, Mt Pico, at 2,351 m. SIZE: 2,330 2 2 advance in writing from the Administrator's Birds of St Helena 1998 by Rowlands. (2) St and other seabirds. AREAS —EBAs: Azores km , with nine islands >10 km . 0.01xUK. Office. Currently the only regular means of Helena and Ascension Island 2000 by Ashmole SA. —sites: Pico de Vera on São Miguel for CLIMATE: the Azores have a moist, arrival are on a British military aircraft from & Ashmole. (3) Britain's Treasure Islands Azores Bullfinch. Graciosa for Monteiro's temperate climate. Rain can be expected the United Kingdom, twice a week, which 2016 by McPherson. WEB: Ascension Island Storm Petrel. Between Terceira and Faial for throughout the year, but falls mostly Sep–Apr. accepts civilian bookings, or on the Royal Government. seabirds. TIMING (May–Jun, Oct): best in Precipitation increasing from east to west Mail Ship from Cape Town via St Helena. — spring, after the rains and once the weather (700–1,600 mm). Winters (Nov–Apr) are within: English. The island is small enough warms and most birds breed (Apr–Jul). Sep– much cooler than summers. Ponta Delgada to walk around, although car hire is available. Nov is best time for Nearctic vagrants. Avoid (São Miguel) rainfall = annual 1,030 mm, There is accommodation in Georgetown. It winter (Dec–Mar). EXPLORE: very low. monthly 30–133 mm; wettest Nov–Jan, driest is possible to charter a boat to sail around The Azores are well known and unlikely to Jun–Aug. Ponta Delgada temperature = Boatswainbird Island, but landing is by permit harbour any unknown resident birds. annual min/max 14–20°C, monthly max of only. Some cruise ships stop at Ascension. 17–26°C; Jul–Sep warmest, Jan–Mar coolest.

28 | Country Accounts Country Accounts | 29 Listing by families is appealing because families are highest taxonomic level for which it is possible to see all members. In simple terms, the goal of seeing all bird families is achievable, which is not

FAMILY ACCOUNTS FAMILY the case when it comes to species. The manageable number of bird ACCOUNTS FAMILY families, about 240 worldwide, is also a convenient way to think about bird diversity, whereas species number more than 10,000. The African region holds well over half of all families (142), and is the richest region globally as measured by the number of families and orders (Lotz et al 2013). What better way is there to celebrate the riches of African birding than with photographs from each family?

The Family Accounts are listed in taxonomic WHAT ARE BIRD FAMILIES? Family order following the IOC List. Exceptions to Even more so than with species, defining this sequence are made in some cases where bird families is inherently subjective. The the aesthetics of the layout dictate otherwise. only prerequisite is that families are clusters Each family account begins with the scientific of most closely related species. Despite the and English family names. The names of inherent subjectivity, in the vast majority of endemic and near-endemic (>90% of species Accounts cases there is agreement on family limits. endemic) families are preceded by an asterisk. Practically, for birders, this means that Names of families that are not reliably seen different world lists agree to a large degree on in the region, i.e. that are represented only the delimitation of bird families. Everyone, by vagrants, are given in grey font and for example, agrees that , go-away- these families are not always depicted by birds and plantain-eaters form a single family, photographs. After this, the number of species and that Shoebill belongs in its own family. recorded in the region is given in square parentheses, first according to the IOC List However, in a relatively small number of and then according to the list presented in cases there is unlikely ever to be agreement. this book, out of the total number of species For example, broadbills, asities and their worldwide according to the IOC List. For allies are here treated as a single family, but example (p 284) lists Numididae as "[6/8 of they have also been divided into as many 6]", which means that there are six species of as five families. This assessment follows the in the region according to the IOC treatment of the IOC List, but makes note List, eight according to the list in this guide, of where families may be split so that family and six species worldwide on the IOC List. listers are aware of this. This is followed by a summary of endemism for the region, for families with endemics. Besides there being different opinions as to where family limits lie, recent advances in A brief description of the family is given in molecular techniques have resulted in the a text box, focussing on the diversity and broad scale overhaul of the arrangement distribution of species, and their habitats. of families. Many new families have been The text refers to species depicted in the recognised and some species have been photographs (see p 17 for Photographic moved from one family to another. Although Credits), for which the English names are analyses of diversity based purely on genes given in bold font, and the relevant number and degree of genetic difference between or location of the photograph is reported in taxa have very limited use for setting species parentheses. limits, such studies have been very powerful

126 | Family Accounts Family Accounts | 127 in showing how birds are related to one ENDEMIC FAMILIES Table 3. Endemic families of the region, listed by increasing species diversity another, and so have had a strong bearing (column 2) with a summary of ranges. on how birds are arranged into families. The African region is home to 30 endemic bird families plus one near-endemic family The reason for this is that genes are the best Scopidae | 1 African mainland and Madagascar characters to demonstrate evolutionary ( | Weavers). There are also a few FAMILY ACCOUNTS FAMILY relationships; changes in genetic sequences more may be recognised in the future, or Balaenicipitidae | Shoebill 1 The eastern half of SSA ACCOUNTS FAMILY are the simplest and most direct evidence that are recognised by other authorities. Sagittariidae | Secretarybird 1 SSA Five of these 30 families are endemic to of , and thus underpin how we Pluvianidae | Egyptian Plover 1 SSA, mostly north of the equator understand evolutionary history. the Indian Ocean Islands region. Endemic families are listed in Table 3 (p 129); note that Leptosomidae | 1 Madagascar, Comoros and Mayotte Through these studies we have learnt many families not recognised by the IOC List are Struthionidae | Ostriches 2 African mainland fascinating facts about how birds have reported in square parentheses. See p 539 for evolved, both because birds that look similar abbreviations used. Bucorvidae | Ground Hornbills 2 SSA may do so because they have evolved similar Picathartidae | Rockfowl 2 West and western Central Africa lifestyles rather than because they are close Chaetopidae | Rockjumpers 2 South Africa and Lesotho relatives, and because birds that look vastly LISTING BY FAMILY different may be close relatives despite Promeropidae | Sugarbirds 2 Southern Africa appearances. So we have learned, for example, Of the 238 families listed by the IOC List, 142 Buphagidae | Oxpeckers 2 SSA that Long-billed Tetraka, in the past called families (60%) have been recorded from the Long-billed Greenbul, is not as previously African region. To the family lister, however, Mesitornithidae | 3 Madagascar thought closely related to greenbuls it is the 31 endemic and near-endemic [Smithornithidae | African Broadbills] 3 SSA (Pycnonotidae), but instead to various other families that would be the focus of any visit to Nicatoridae | Nicators 3 African mainland small insectivorous birds on Madagascar. As the region. a result, a new family has been named for the Erythrocercidae | Fan-tailed Flycatchers 3 SSA Three families are restricted to Madagascar, Malagasy warblers (Bernieridae). In the case namely Mesitornithidae | Mesites, [Grauer's Warbler, , ] 3 SSA of Sao Tome Shorttail, previously thought to Brachypteraciidae | Ground Rollers, and be some sort of warbler, we now know it to Arcanatoridae | Modulatrixes 3 Highlands of tropical SSA Bernieridae | Malagasy Warblers, and a have evolved from wagtails (Motacillidae). [Philepittidae | Asities] 4 Madagascar further two are found only on Madagascar The vangas of Madagascar are perhaps and the Comoros Islands, namely Hyliotidae | Hyliotas 4 SSA the most extreme example of a group of Leptosomidae | Cuckoo Roller and Vangidae closely related birds looking very different, Brachypteraciidae | Ground Rollers 5 Madagascar | Vangas. This makes Madagascar a priority and include birds previously thought to Numididae | Guineafowl 6 African mainland destination for family listers, especially be flycatchers (Ward’s Vanga), babblers with another endemic family, Philepittidae | Coliidae | 6 SSA (Crossley’s Vanga) and nuthatches (Nuthatch Asities, also recognised by some authorities. Vanga). Prionopidae | Helmetshrikes 8 SSA Although ground rollers and mesites can be In a few cases unusual taxa have not been difficult species to see, even a one week trip Sarothruridae | Flufftails 9 SSA and Madagascar sufficiently-well sampled to confidently to Madagascar should be long enough to find Phoeniculidae | Wood Hoopoes 9 SSA place them in the tree of life, which means all these endemic families. In Madagascar, Bernieridae | Malagasy Warblers 11 Madagascar that their placement in families is, at best, a there is the added chance of seeing Scopidae guess. This affects three species in the region, | Hamerkop, Sarothruridae | Flufftails (more Macrosphenidae | Crombecs and allies 18 SSA namely Tit-Hylia, Green Hylia and Grauer’s easily seen here than anywhere else) and Viduidae | Indigobirds & Whydahs 20 SSA Warbler, which here have not been assigned Ploceidae | Weavers. The only locality where Vangidae | Vangas 21 Madagascar and Comoros to any particular family, but are instead all five families endemic to the Indian Ocean treated together as an unplaced cluster, Islands are seen regularly is Ranomafana NP, Musophagidae | Turacos 23 SSA awaiting further study (see p 241). so if you’re a family lister and want to get all Platysteiridae | Batises & Wattle-eyes 33 SSA and nearby islands the Malagasy families on a short trip, going there is your best option, although Brown Lybiidae | African Barbets 42 SSA Mesite is very hard to see, so you may need to Malaconotidae | 50 African mainland also visit Ifaty to see Subdesert Mesite. Ploceidae | Weavers and allies 104 Africa and Madagascar

128 | Family Accounts Family Accounts | 129 Of the remaining 26 families endemic to the Uganda also provides an extra chance for region, about half are easy to see. Numididae Sarothruridae | Flufftails (White-spotted *Struthionidae – Ostriches | Guineafowl, Scopidae | Hamerkop, Flufftail is the easiest member of the family [2/2 of 2, both endemic] Musophagidae | Turacos, Coliidae | to see on mainland Africa), Bucorvidae | Mousebirds, Phoeniculidae | Wood Hoopoes, Ground Hornbills with Northern Ground FAMILY ACCOUNTS FAMILY Lybiidae | African Barbets, Platysteiridae Hornbill at Murchison and Nicatoridae | | Batises & Wattle-eyes, Prionopidae | Nicators with Western Nicator at Kibale or Helmetshrikes, Malaconotidae | Bushshrikes, Budongo, all easier here than in South Africa. Nicatoridae | Nicators, Macrosphenidae | If split, Smithornithidae | African Broadbills Crombecs and allies, Buphagidae | Oxpeckers, can also be seen, with African Broadbill at Ploceidae | Weavers, and Viduidae | Bwindi, in not seen previously at Bonamanzi Indigobirds & Whydahs can all be found in in South Africa. most countries of sub-Saharan Africa, and The remaining families are best tackled either so should be seen with relative ease while in Ghana or Cameroon. Both countries offer targeting the remaining 13 families that are Picathartidae | Rockfowl, with Yellow-headed harder to track down. Here some careful Picathartes and Red-headed Picathartes, planning will be required. respectively, and Pluvianidae | Egyptian Besides Madagascar, only South Africa Plover, plus extra chances of trickier (including Lesotho) holds a family endemic families such as Erythrocercidae | Fan-tailed to a single country, namely Chaetopidae Flycatchers with Chestnut-capped Flycatcher, | Rockjumpers, making it the only other Arcanatoridae | Modulatrixes (Cameroon essential destination for family listers. only, Grey-chested Illadopsis) and Hyliotidae Promeropidae | Sugarbirds are near-endemic | Hyliotas (both Violet-backed Hyliota and to South Africa too. The Cape Town area Yellow-bellied Hyliota). offers the most convenient option for seeing It is also worth considering the three species these two families, with Cape Rockjumper from the region not yet assigned to a family, and Cape Sugarbird both seen in the Rooi- namely Grauer’s Warbler, Green Hylia and Els area. Sani Pass, best accessed from Tit Hylia, as these may end up belonging to Durban, provides a good backup location, endemic families. All three can be seen in with Gurney’s Sugarbird occurring near Uganda, although Tit Hylia is rare there, and the bottom of the pass and Drakensberg the latter two can be seen in both Ghana and Rockjumper towards the top. Other rarer or Cameroon. more range-restricted families that a South African trip could yield include Struthionidae In summary, to see all the endemic bird | Ostriches, Nicatoridae | Nicators, families of the African region requires trips Sagittariidae | Secretarybird, Sarothruridae | to Madagascar, South Africa, Uganda, and Flufftails and Bucorvidae | Ground Hornbills. Cameroon or Ghana. Visiting these countries would give you a good chance of seeing at That leaves seven families to focus on, the least one species in each family, plus all three most restricted of which is Balaenicipitidae species not yet assigned to a family. Perhaps | Shoebill, most easily seen in Uganda, with the most likely family to miss by visiting Zambia the second best option for seeing it. these four countries would be Secretarybird, Uganda also offers excellent general birding, although including a visit to the Kgalagadi and one could also see Erythrocercidae | Ostriches, the largest of extant birds, are now endemic to Africa although previously on your South African trip would more or Fan-tailed Flycatchers with Chestnut-capped occurred in the Middle East. They are found widely across the savannas and deserts of sub- less guarantee this declining species. The two Flycatcher at Budongo, Hyliotidae | Hyliotas Saharan Africa, but are hunted for food where not protected so are best seen in savanna most difficult families to actually see due with Yellow-bellied Hyliota in the Murchison reserves in Southern Africa and East Africa. Common Ostrich is the easier of the two to to their skulking natures are flufftails and Falls area, and Arcanatoridae | Modulatrixes see, being both more widespread and numerous than Somali Ostrich. The latter is confined modulatrixes, with hyliotas, nicators and fan- with Grey-chested Illadopsis at Bwindi. to north-eastern Africa, where it can be seen in Kenya's arid parks with relative ease. tailed flycatchers also challenging at times.

130 | Family Accounts 1 2

Anatidae – , Geese, Swans and allies [75/75 of 165, 17 endemic] FAMILY ACCOUNTS FAMILY

3

4

This large family of waterbirds with a near-global distribution is well represented in the region, and includes a significant number of vagrants and Palaearctic migrants. They can be seen on almost any wetland, although are often hunted for food so may be rare around human habitation. The largest Anas, the typical ducks, includes Yellow-billed (1). More distinctive species include African Pygmy Goose (2), Blue-winged Goose (3), endemic to the Ethiopian highlands and allied to a clade of South American geese, and Knob-billed Duck (4). The rarest duck in the region, and perhaps the world, is Madagascar Pochard (this page) which was thought to be extinct until being rediscovered in a remote area of north-eastern Madagascar in 2006.

132 | Family Accounts *Numididae – Guineafowl 1 [6/8 of 6, all endemic] FAMILY ACCOUNTS FAMILY ACCOUNTS FAMILY

This small family of unusual, -like birds is endemic to the region and, almost without exception, confined to the Afrotropics. Just one subspecies of breaks the rule, and is found north of the Sahara in Morocco, although it is now thought to be extinct. Most are shy forest birds that can be hard to see, including the sought-after Black Guineafowl (this page) and Western Crested Guineafowl (3). Two species occur in savannas and are considerably easier to see; Helmeted Guineafowl (2) is a familiar bird across much of the continent, and (1) is a key target for birders visiting Kenya and Ethiopia. 2 3

134 | Family Accounts Family Accounts | 135 – , Quails and allies [45/50 of 181, 46 endemic and 1 near-endemic]

1 2 FAMILY ACCOUNTS FAMILY

This large family of terrestrial, fowl-like birds occurs almost globally and is well-represented in the region. Francolins compose the bulk of the family and are particularly diverse in grasslands and savannas, examples of which include Shelley's Francolin (1) and Double- spurred Francolin (2). Latham's Forest Francolin (3) is one of the few forest species; unlike most savanna taxa, such as Yellow-necked Francolin (right), it is difficult to see, although smaller savanna francolins, including Coqui Francolin (4), can prove challenging to see too. The combination of their intricate and shy nature makes them a popular group. The most unique members are the rare Congo and two Xenoperdix forest , more closely related to species from Asia than any from Africa.

3 4

136 | Family Accounts Falconidae – Falcons & Kestrels [26/26 of 65, 12 endemic and 1 near-endemic]

1

3

This family of fast and manoeuvrable hunters is well represented in the region. Most belong to the genus Falco, divided into kestrels, such as Fox Kestrel (this page), falcons like Lanner Falcon (1) and Red-necked Falcon (4), and hobbies, including African Hobby (3). The most distinctive member in the region is the diminutive Pygmy Falcon (2).

2 4 *Malaconotidae – Bushshrikes [49/53 of 49, all endemic but for 1 near-endemic]

1

2 3

Bushshrikes are the most speciose endemic family of the region, although Black-crowned Tchagra occurs marginally into the Middle East. They are a prominent avian feature of almost all habitats of sub-Saharan Africa. The family holds a variety of striking shrike-like birds, including tchagras like Marsh Tchagra (this page), gonoleks such as Black-headed Gonolek (3), boubous like Yellow-breasted Boubou (2), Brubru (5), puffbacks like Black- backed Puffback (4) and bushshrikes such as Monteiro's Bushshrike (1).

4 5 *Picathartidae – Rockfowl [2/2 of 2, both endemic]

The Picathartes comprise the most desirable and enigmatic bird family of the African region. They inhabit lowland forests, Red-headed Picathartes (this spread) in western Central Africa and Yellow-headed Picathartes (next spread) in West Africa, where they plaster cup-shaped nests of mud to the undersides of large boulders scattered through the forest. Although both are rare, some breeding colonies in Cameroon and Ghana are now well known, making them relatively straightforward to see. Species are the currency of ornithology and bird watching, and the primary taxonomic level at which bird diversity is described and recorded. Eleven zoogeographic regions can be identified worldwide, based on the distributions of species (Procheş SPECIES ACCOUNTS SPECIES & Ramdhani 2012). Four of these are represented in the region, ACCOUNTS SPECIES namely the entire Afrotropical and Madagascan regions, all of the Sahero-Arabian sub-region of the Palaearctic and a sliver of the Palaearctic proper (Madeira and Azores), as well as the edge of the Antarctic Region (Prince Edward Islands). The resultant bird list, 2,733 out of a global total of 10,672 species, includes 25.6% of all birds. In this guide, the IOC List is adapted by adding a further 59 Species splits, bringing the total to 2,792 extant species covered.

The Species Accounts are divided into text for regularly occurring species, families, with family names preceded by an in grey text for those seen more easily asterisk for endemic families and endemism outside the region and in red text for Accounts reported as in the Family Accounts (p 127). recently-extinct species. Splits not The sequence and composition of families recognised by the IOC List are named in follows that of the IOC List. General notes on green text (see p 278 for further details). the family may (rarely) follow in orange text. • Scientific name. In italics. Details on the Within each family, all extant birds recorded next page, p 278. from the region are listed, plus a few species • Easiness rating. A rating, reported in that are recently extinct. Unconfirmed and square parentheses [0–10], assigned as introduced species are excluded (see Species objectively as possible, which indicates Appendices pp 536–539). Vagrants and how easy each species is to see. It takes species seen more easily outside the region into account abundance, distribution, are dealt with more superficially than birds ease of accessing sites where it occurs, endemic to the region. Information for each ease of identification, habits that affect species is presented in the following order: its visibility, and habitat. A rating of 10 • Endemism. Indicated by an asterisk is given to common, widespread, open before the English name; red (*) for country species that cannot be mistaken species endemic to the region, including for anything else. Vagrants and species seabirds for which the breeding range confined to areas too dangerous to visit falls entirely within the region, black are rated 0, as there is no safe or reliable (*) for near-endemics, and green (*) way to see them. All other species are for extralimitally breeding species ranked between these two extremes. for which the entire, or almost entire, • Special species categories: species non-breeding range falls in the region. that meet any special categories are The latter group can be thought of as identified, before the closing of the endemic migrants. square parentheses. This information • English name. Given in bold font. corresponds to the lists of key taxa Where the taxonomy follows the IOC presented in the Country Accounts. List, English names are given in black Special categories used are Endemic

276 | Species Accounts Species Accounts | 277 (EN) for species confined to a single • Notes (N=). Any relevant notes are made • IOC List species that I believe should reported in inverted commas. Example country or territory, excluding cases on alternative names, including splits be lumped. These are given their own from p 460: "Also Babbling Starling by of vagrancy, Near-Endemic (NE) for and lumps, and other literature sources accounts with the English name in the IOC or ‘White-winged Starling'." species for which more than 75% of the of interest (see p 530 for full details). normal bold black text, but with the • Multiple specific names. In cases where range or population is confined to a scientific name given as a trinomial

SPECIES ACCOUNTS SPECIES This list follows the species sequence, English there are proposals that birds be lumped ACCOUNTS SPECIES single territory, Best-Territory (BT) for without square parentheses around the names, scientific names and subspecies of the with more than one species, both parent species that are more easily seen, due to parent species specific name. Example IOC List, but take note of the following: specific names may be given, separated abundance, knowledge or access, in one from p 444: Salvadori's Eremomela by a back slash. Example from p 303: territory than any other, that occur in • Additional species (splits) to the IOC Eremomela icteropygialis salvadorii, Dimorphic Egret Egretta [garzetta/ more than one territory, One-of-Two List. These are given their own accounts. which I would lump with Yellow-bellied gularis] dimorpha denotes that it may be (1/2) for species that occur in only two The English name is reported in bold Eremomela Eremomela icteropygialis. lumped with either Little Egret Egretta territories, but do not meet the criteria green text and the scientific name as • Other proposed lumps of IOC List garzetta or Western Reef Egret Egretta for EN, NE or BT, and Best-Two (B2) for a trinomial with the parent species species. These are also treated under gularis. species that are more easily seen in two specific name in square parentheses. their own accounts, but with the territories than any others that occur in Example from p 286: Whyte's Francolin scientific name given as a trinomial more than two territories. [shelleyi] whytei. This means with the proposed parent species that the limits of the parent species have WHAT IS A SPECIES? • Status, abundance, habitats and range. specific name in square parentheses. changed; to signify this, the English Following the square parentheses, a Example from p 372: Speckle-throated The age-old debate of what a species is will name is also given in bold green font single sentence reports on the general Woodpecker Campethera [bennettii] never be settled. The but the scientific remains as the normal status, abundance, preferred habitats scriptoricauda, which could be lumped plays out over long time periods and across binomial name on the IOC List. Example and distribution of each species, or for with Bennett's Woodpecker Campethera vast areas, making the process of speciation corresponding to that above: Shelley's species with five or fewer subspecies, bennettii. Where the English name of difficult to study, even in the simplest of cases. Francolin Scleroptila shelleyi. Where the for each subspecies. Information on the lump differs from that of the parent English name, easiness rating or special However, fundamentally species are vagrants is abbreviated and does not species, it is reported in bold blue text categories of the IOC List lump of the composed of groups of individual birds that include a full list of territories from under the species notes of both taxa. taxa changes from those of the parent are each other's closest relatives, excepting which they are recorded. For non- species, the new details are given under • Species sequence. The sequence within hybrids. Beyond this, the drawing of species endemic species that have endemic the species notes, with the English name families may be changed from that limits becomes subjective. subspecies, the name of the subspecies is in bold black text (see p 287, Scleroptila of the IOC List so that parent species preceded by an asterisk, used in the same All competing species concepts probably gutturalis as an example); note that it is of proposed lumps or splits are listed way as for species. Note that continuous agree that a species must be discernible these English names that are reported in immediately before the lumps and splits. ranges are described with 'to', whereas from any other species, but the features used bold blue text in the Country Accounts. disjunct/separate ranges with 'and'. Thus • English names that differ from the to differentiate them and how striking the South Africa to Angola to Malawi and c • Other proposed splits, not accepted. IOC List. I use English names that are differences between them need to be, is not Kenya means that the range includes the These are listed under the species notes, in common use, as judged according agreed on. This means that the competing area within lines joining South Africa, with the English name in bold green to the names in the majority of the species concepts, each with their own merits Angola and Malawi, and that there is a text and the scientific name, easiness leading field guide books. These are the and shortfalls, each produce a different list disjunct population in c Kenya. Ranges rating and special categories given. If names that most birders for birds. See of bird species. So too, each world bird list may also be given by sub-regions (see p the English name, easiness rating and Mills et al submitted, for full details on recognises a different list of species. These 19), such as e (eastern) Southern Africa. special categories of the parent species the names used. Where two English differences in opinion are a healthy part of do not change when split, then only names are in widespread common use, the species debate, and serve to highlight • Where to see. A second sentence gives the details of the split are given. If any both names are given, separated by a birds that may otherwise be overlooked. recommendations on where to see each of these details do change, the full vertical bar. Example: Reed | As such, I have expressed my opinion here species, usually listed by subspecies. The details are provided also for the parent Long-tailed Cormorant. Where English as to which birds in the region I think list favours well known sites over little names differ from those on the IOC List should be recognised as species, and which visited ones, and is biased by my own species. Example from p 364: *African or some leading field guide books, the not. The main aim with this is to take the travel experiences although draws on a Pied Hornbill Lophoceros fasciatus [7] alternative names are reported under the opportunity to highlight certain birds that are wide a range of sources. Site names are may be split into *West African Pied Hornbill Lophoceros semifasciatus [7, BT species notes, with non-IOC List names worth looking for in greater detail that may given in the shortest possible form that otherwise be ignored on a rushed birding trip. avoids name confusion with other sites. = Ghana] and *Congo Pied Hornbill Lophoceros fasciatus [7].

278 | Species Accounts Species Accounts | 279 Taiga Bean Goose Anser fabalis [0]: a vagrant *Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiaca [10]: *Struthionidae – Ostriches from Eurasia (fabalis). Recorded from North a common resident of wetlands and parks of [2/2 of 2, both endemic] Africa & Macaronesia. N= Bean Goose if Africa, and a vagrant to the Middle East. It is lumped. easy to see. *Common Ostrich Struthio camelus [8]: *Somali Ostrich Struthio [camelus]

SPECIES ACCOUNTS SPECIES Tundra Bean Goose Anser [fabalis] Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna [3]: ACCOUNTS SPECIES a common sp of savannas and deserts of molybdophanes [6, BT = Kenya, B2 = serrirostris [0]: a vagrant from Eurasia a rare resident of wetlands of Morocco to Southern Africa (australis), c Tanzania Ethiopia]: an uncommon resident of (rossicus). Recorded from North Africa & Egypt, an uncommon PM to North Africa, to s Kenya (massaicus) and nw Kenya to arid savannas and deserts of se Kenya to Macaronesia. N= Bean Goose if lumped. and a vagrant to Madeira & Canary Islands. Mauritania (camelus). Good sites include Somaliland. It is most easily seen at Tsavo It is best seen in n Morocco and at Lake Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus Kgalagadi & West Coast NP in South Africa East & Shaba in Kenya and can also be found Sedjoumi in Tunisia. and Etosha in Namibia (australis), Serengeti at Ali Dege & Soda Plain in Ethiopia. N= [0]: a vagrant from Europe. Recorded from in Tanzania and Tsavo West & Maasai Mara in Ostrich if lumped. Macaronesia. Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea [7]: a common breeding resident of North Africa, Kenya (massaicus) and Kidepo in Uganda and Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons the Ethiopian highlands and Fuerteventura Is Waza in Cameroon (camelus). N= Ostrich if [0]: a vagrant from Eurasia (albifrons). of Canary Islands, a PM to North Africa, and lumped. Extinct in the Middle East (syriacus). Recorded from Egypt, Macaronesia & Socotra a vagrant to Seychelles. It can be seen at Bale Is. N= White-fronted Goose if lumped. in Ethiopia and Merzouga, Massa River & Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser Lake Aoua in Morocco. Anatidae – Ducks, Geese, Swans and allies [albifrons] erythropus [0]: a vagrant from *South African Shelduck Tadorna cana [7, Eurasia. Recorded from Egypt. N= White- [75/75 of 165, 17 endemic] BT = South Africa, B2 = Namibia]: a common fronted Goose if lumped. resident of wetlands, especially saline pans, of White-faced Dendrocygna Tunisia & Libya (bernicla), but it is also Mute Swan Cygnus olor [1]: a rare PM to South Africa, Namibia and s Botswana. It is viduata [9]: a common sp of wetlands of SSA recorded from Azores & Canary Islands Egypt, and a vagrant to Azores & Canary best seen at Strandfontein, West Coast NP & and Madagascar; also in South America. It is (hrota). N= may be split into Pale-bellied Islands. It is better seen outside the region. Wakkerstroom in South Africa and Etosha in easy to see at many tropical sites. Brant Branta hrota [0] and Dark-bellied Namibia. Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus [0]: a Brant Branta bernicla [0]. Black-bellied Whistling Duck Dendrocygna vagrant from n Eurasia (bewickii). Recorded *Hartlaub's Duck Pteronetta hartlaubii [5]: autumnalis [0]: a vagrant from the Americas, Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis [0]: a from Algeria & Libya. N= includes Bewick's an uncommon sp of forested rivers, lakes or an escapee. Recorded from Gambia. vagrant from Eurasia. Recorded from Egypt Swan Cygnus bewickii [0]; if split Tundra and ponds of Central & West Africa. It is & Algeria. Swan Cygnus columbianus is extralimital. most reliably seen at The Duck Pond west of Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocygna Douala in Cameroon (now quite disturbed), bicolor [6]: a fairly common but localised sp Canada Goose Branta canadensis [0]: a Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus [0]: a vagrant Ankasa in Ghana and various rivers in of wetlands of SSA & Madagascar; also in the vagrant from North America (interior). from Eurasia. Recorded from North Africa. Gabon, and there are recent records from Americas & Asia. Better sites include Ziway & Recorded from Azores. *Spur-winged Goose Plectropterus gambensis Ngaoundaba in Cameroon. Cheleleke in Ethiopia and Djoudj in Senegal. Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis [0]: a [8]: a common resident, nomad and IAM of Wood Duck Aix sponsa [0]: a vagrant from *White-backed Duck Thalassornis leuconotus vagrant from Eurasia. Recorded from Egypt, wetlands of Southern Africa (niger) and the North America. Recorded from Azores & [6]: an uncommon resident of well-vegetated Morocco, Azores & Canary Islands. rest of SSA (gambensis). It is easy to see. Canary Islands. lakes and wetlands of SSA (leuconotus) Cackling Goose Branta hutchinsii [0]: a Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos [7]: and w Madagascar (insularis, rare). It is *African Pygmy Goose Nettapus auritus [6]: vagrant from North America. Recorded from a common resident and IAM of wetlands of best seen at Wakkerstroom in South Africa an uncommon sp of well-vegetated lakes of Canary Islands. SSA & Madagascar, and a vagrant Seychelles; and Awasa in Ethiopia, with other options SSA and w Madagascar. Better sites include also in the Orient. It is easy to see. N= Comb including Limuru Ponds in Kenya, Harare Snow Goose Anser caerulescens [0]: a vagrant Okavango in Botswana, Ziway & Awasa in Duck Sarkidiornis sylvicola from South area in Zimbabwe and Nkanga in Zambia from North America (caerulescens). Recorded Ethiopia and Pemba off Tanzania. America may be lumped with it, then called (leuconotus); in Madagascar it is occasionally from Azores & Morocco. Knob-billed Duck | Comb Duck [7]. Cotton Pygmy Goose Nettapus seen at Mahajanga Airport Pools (insularis). Greylag Goose Anser anser [3]: an coromandelianus [0]: a vagrant from Asia *Blue-winged Goose Cyanochen cyanoptera Brant Goose Branta bernicla [0]: a vagrant uncommon PM to North Africa (anser + (coromandelianus). Recorded from Socotra Is. [8, EN = Ethiopia]: a common sp of highland from Eurasia (bernicla) and North America rubrirostris), and a vagrant to Macaronesia. It lakes and rivers of Ethiopia. It is easy to see at (hrota). Most records are from Algeria, is most regularly seen in n Morocco. Gerfasa Reservoir, Sululta & Bale.

280 | Species Accounts Species Accounts | 281 *Cape Teal Anas capensis [7, BT = South but is most common at Bemanevika and can Green-winged Teal Anas [crecca] carolinensis Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris [0]: a Africa]: a sp of wetlands of much of SSA, also be found at Anjozorobe. [0]: a vagrant from North America. Recorded vagrant from North America. Recorded from common in Southern & East Africa and rare from Macaronesia. N= Common Teal if Macaronesia. Blue-winged Teal Anas discors [0]: a vagrant elsewhere; a vagrant to . It is best seen lumped. from the Americas. Recorded from Morocco, at Strandfontein and various other wetlands Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula [4]: an

SPECIES ACCOUNTS SPECIES Egypt, Macaronesia & Senegal. *Hottentot Teal Anas hottentota [6]: a fairly ACCOUNTS SPECIES in sw South Africa, but can also be found at uncommon PM to wetlands north of the common resident of wetlands of Madagascar equator and a vagrant to Seychelles. It is best Ndutu in Tanzania and Nakuru in Kenya. *Cape Shoveler Anas smithii [7, BT = South and Southern & East Africa. It is easy to seen in Ethiopia. Africa]: a fairly common sp of wetlands Gadwall Anas strepera [5]: an uncommon see at various Rift Valley lakes in Ethiopia, of South Africa to s Angola to Zimbabwe. Greater Scaup Aythya marila [0]: a vagrant resident of wetlands of North-West Africa, Alarobia in Madagascar, Nakuru in Kenya It most easily seen at Strandfontein & from Eurasia (marila) and North America and a rare PM to North Africa. It is best seen and Wakkerstroom in South Africa. Wakkerstroom in South Africa. at Lake Aoua in Morocco. (nearctica). Recorded from Azores (nearctica) Marbled Duck Marmaronetta angustirostris and North Africa & Macaronesia (marila). Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata [7]: an Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope [2]: an [6]: a fairly common resident of wetlands uncommon resident of wetlands of North Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis [0]: a vagrant uncommon PM to coastal North Africa, and a of Morocco to Egypt, and a PM to North Africa, a fairly common PM north of the from North America. Recorded from vagrant to Macaronesia & Seychelles. It is best Africa. It is most easily seen at Massa River, equator and a vagrant to Seychelles. It is best Morocco & Macaronesia. seen at Lake Sedjoumi in Tunisia. Merzouga & Sidi Bourhaba in Morocco. N= seen along the Ethiopian Rift Valley, or at also ‘Marbled Teal'. King Eider Somateria spectabilis [0]: a American Wigeon Anas americana [0]: a Lake Aoua & Sidi Bourhaba in Morocco and vagrant from the Arctic. Recorded from vagrant from the Americas. Recorded from Djoudj in Senegal. Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina [6]: a fairly Azores. Macaronesia. common resident of wetlands of Morocco to *Madagascar Teal Anas bernieri [5, EN = Egypt, and a PM to North Africa. It is best Common Eider Somateria mollissima [0]: a *African Black Duck Anas sparsa [5]: an Madagascar]: a rare resident of wetlands and seen at Sidi Bourhaba in Morocco. vagrant from the far northern hemisphere. uncommon resident of forested streams mangrove flats of coastal w Madagascar. It is Recorded from Azores. and lakes of Nigeria to Ethiopia to Angola seen regularly only at Betsiboka Delta. N= Southern Pochard Netta erythrophthalma to Zimbabwe (leucostigma) and e + s South also Bernier's Teal by IOC. [7]: a fairly common resident of wetlands of Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata [0]: a Africa (sparsa). It is best seen at various Southern Africa and a migrant to wetlands of vagrant from the Americas. Recorded from *Red-billed Teal Anas erythrorhyncha [8]: a highland sites in e South Africa (sparsa) and East Africa (*brunnea); also in South America Azores & Madeira. common sp of wetlands of Madagascar and Kenya (leucostigma), and at Bale in Ethiopia (erythrophthalma). It is most easily seen at Southern, Central & East Africa; a vagrant to and The Neck in Uganda (leucostigma). various wetlands in South Africa, Ethiopia & Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca [0]: a vagrant Israel. It is easy to see. Kenya (*brunnea). from Eurasia. Recorded from Morocco to American Black Duck Anas rubripes [0]: a Tunisia. Yellow-billed Teal Anas flavirostris [0]: a vagrant from North America. Recorded from Common Pochard Aythya ferina [6]: an vagrant from South America (flavirostris). Azores & Canary Islands. uncommon resident of wetlands of North Common Scoter Melanitta nigra [0]: a Recorded from Tristan da Cunha Is. Africa, and a PM to the same region. It is vagrant from Eurasia. Recorded from Mallard Anas platyrhynchos [7]: a common Macaronesia and Morocco to Tunisia. Northern Pintail Anas acuta [7]: a fairly best seen at Sidi Bourhaba & Lake Aoua in resident of wetlands of Morocco to Tunisia, common PM to wetlands north of equator, Morocco. an uncommon PM to Macaronesia & North Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis [0]: and a vagrant to Seychelles. Better sites Africa (platyrhynchos), and a vagrant to *Madagascar Pochard Aythya innotata [4, EN a vagrant from Europe. Recorded from include Djoudj in Senegal and various Seychelles. It is best seen in Morocco. = Madagascar]: a very rare duck of pristine Macaronesia. wetlands in Ethiopia. wetlands of ne Madagascar, previously *Yellow-billed Duck Anas undulata [8]: a Bufflehead Bucephala albeola [0]: a vagrant Garganey Anas querquedula [7]: a common thought to be extinct but rediscovered at common sp of lakes and other wetlands of from the Americas. Recorded from Azores & PM to wetlands north of equator, and a Bemanevika. Bemanevika is difficult to reach, Ethiopia to e Sudan to n Kenya (ruppelli) Canary Islands. vagrant to the Indian Ocean Islands. Good but the bird is easy to see once you get there. and c Kenya to South Africa (undulata). It is sites include Djoudj in Senegal and Bishoftu N= see Mills & Rogerson 2013. Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula easy to see in South Africa, Kenya & Uganda in Ethiopia. [0]: a vagrant from Eurasia. Recorded from (undulata) and Ethiopia (ruppelli). Ferruginous Duck | Ferruginous Pochard North-West Africa, Azores & Madeira Eurasian Teal Anas crecca [4]: an uncommon Aythya nyroca [5]: an uncommon resident *Meller's Duck Anas melleri [5, EN = (clangula; possibly americana on Azores). PM to wetlands of Macaronesia and north of of wetlands of North Africa, a PM north of Madagascar]: a rare sp of lakes and forest equator (crecca). It can be seen at Djoudj in the equator and a vagrant to Seychelles. It is Smew Mergellus albellus [0]: a vagrant from ponds of e Madagascar. It is most often seen Senegal and Lake Sedjoumi in Tunisia. N= best seen at Sidi Bourhaba & Lake Aoua in Eurasia. Recorded from Algeria, Egypt & at Mantadia and, less often, at Ranomafana, Common Teal if lumped. Morocco. Canary Islands.

282 | Species Accounts Species Accounts | 283 Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus *Maccoa Duck Oxyura maccoa [6, BT = *Vulturine Guineafowl Acryllium vulturinum Ethiopia to Somalia. It is most easily seen at [0]: a vagrant from North America. Recorded South Africa]: an uncommon sp of wetlands [6, B2 = Ethiopia, Kenya]: a fairly common Tsavo East & Shaba in Kenya, and between from Azores & Canary Islands. of East & Southern Africa. It is most easily resident of arid thornveld of ne Tanzania to s Yavello and the Dawa River in Ethiopia. seen at Strandfontein & Wakkerstroom in Common Merganser | Goosander Mergus South Africa, Arusha NP in Tanzania and

SPECIES ACCOUNTS SPECIES merganser [0]: a vagrant from Eurasia ACCOUNTS SPECIES Limuru Ponds in Kenya. (merganser). Recorded from Azores and Odontophoridae - Morocco to Egypt. N= also ‘Goosander'. White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala [6, BT = Morocco]: an uncommon resident of [2/2 of 34, both endemic] Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator wetlands of n North Africa, and a PM to the [1]: a rare PM and vagrant from Eurasia. same area; occurs as far east as China. It is *Stone Partridge Ptilopachus petrosus [6]: *Nahan's Francolin Ptilopachus nahani Recorded from North Africa & Macaronesia. easy to see at Sidi Bourhaba in Morocco, and a fairly common resident of woodlands and [4, BT = Uganda, 1/2 = DR Congo]: an Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis [0]: a can also be seen at Lake Libna in Tunisia. savannas, especially in rocky areas, of Senegal uncommon resident of lowland forests of vagrant from North America (probably to Cameroon (petrosus), s Chad to c Sudan ne DR Congo to Uganda. It is best seen at rubida). Recorded from Azores. (brehmi), s Sudan to c Kenya (florentiae) and Budongo & Mabira in Uganda, and in DR nw Ethiopia (major). It is best seen at Bénoué Congo can be seen at Ituri Forest. N= also in Cameroon, various sites in Gambia and Nahan's Partridge by IOC. Shai Hills in Ghana (petrosus), and Kidepo in *Numididae – Guineafowl Uganda (florentiae). [6/8 of 6, all endemic]

*White-breasted Guineafowl It is best seen at Makokou in Gabon, but can Phasianidae – Francolins, Quails and allies meleagrides [3, BT = Sierra Leone, B2 = also be found at Dja in Cameroon (plumifera). Ghana]: a rare sp of lowland forests of Ghana [45/50 of 181, 46 endemic and 1 near-endemic] *Kenya Crested Guineafowl to Sierra Leone. It is best seen at Taï in Ivory pucherani [5, BT = Kenya, B2 = Tanzania]: a Coast and Tiwai & Gola in Sierra Leone; Chukar Partridge Alectoris chukar [3]: an best seen at St Catherine in Egypt (heyi), and fairly common resident of thickets and forests sometimes also seen at Ankasa in Ghana. uncommon resident of rocky hills in semi- along the ne Egyptian coast (nicolli). of , and s Somalia to e Tanzania. desert of Sinai in Egypt (sinaica); occurs *Latham's Forest Francolin Peliperdix *Black Guineafowl Agelastes niger [4, BT = It is best seen at Arabuko-Sokoke & Tana mainly in the Middle East & Asia. It is best lathami [4]: an uncommon resident of Gabon, B2 = Cameroon]: a fairly common River Primate Reserve in Kenya. N= Crested seen at Mt Sinai. sp of lowland forests of e Nigeria to sw DR Guineafowl [7] if lumped. lowland forests of Sierra Leone to Angola Congo, and n DR Congo. It is best seen *Barbary Partridge Alectoris barbara [6, (lathami) and w DR Congo to w Uganda *Southern Crested Guineafowl Guttera at Ipassa in Gabon and Dja & Korup in BT = Morocco]: a fairly common resident, to nw Tanzania (schubotzi). It can be seen [pucherani] edouardi [7, BT = South Africa]: a Cameroon. although rare where persecuted, of arid at Ipassa in Gabon, Korup in Cameroon, fairly common resident of thickets and forests habitats and rocky hillsides of nw Morocco and various forests in Ghana (lathami). N= *Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris of se Tanzania to coastal Mozambique to and Canary Islands (koenigi), ne Morocco to also Latham's Francolin by IOC or ‘Forest [9]: a common sp of savannas of e Chad to Malawi (barbata), and e Zambia to ne South n Tunisia (barbara), s Morocco to s Tunisia Francolin'. Ethiopia to n Kenya (meleagris), Senegal Africa (edouardi). Better sites include St Lucia south of the Atlas Mts (spatzi), and nw Egypt *Coqui Francolin Peliperdix coqui [6]: a fairly to w Chad to n Angola (galeatus), ne & Mkhuze in South Africa (edouardi). N= to ne Libya (barbata); birds on Canary Islands common resident of savannas and grasslands Ethiopia to Somalia (somaliensis), Kenya Crested Guineafowl [7] if lumped. may be introduced. It is best seen in Morocco to c Tanzania (reichenowi), s Angola to e of e South Africa to s Uganda to se Gabon *Western Crested Guineafowl Guttera at Zaër & Oukaïmeden (koenigi) or Todgha Tanzania (mitratus), c DR Congo to w Angola (coqui), s Ethiopia to ne Tanzania (maharao), [pucherani] verreauxi [5, BT = Uganda]: a Gorge (spatzi), but can also be seen at Bou to Zambia (marungensis), Namibia to w and w Kenya to nw Tanzania (hubbardi), fairly common resident of thickets and forests Hedma NP in Tunisia. Botswana (papillosus) and South Africa to and rare from n Nigeria to s Mauritania of Guinea-Bissau to Angola to w Kenya Zimbabwe (coronatus). It is easy to see. N= Sand Partridge Ammoperdix heyi [4]: an (spinetorum). It can be unobtrusive, but (verreauxi), and wc Cameroon (sclateri). probably extinct in nw Morocco (sabyi). uncommon resident of rocky areas and wadis better sites include Polokwane & Kruger in Kibale & Budongo in Uganda are among the in the deserts of n Egypt east of the Nile South Africa (coqui), Soda Plain in Ethiopia *Plumed Guineafowl Guttera plumifera [4, better sites for it (verreauxi). N= Crested River (*nicolli), Sinai (heyi), and n Sudan to (maharao), and Nakuru & Maasai Mara in BT = Gabon, B2 = Cameroon]: an uncommon Guineafowl [7] if lumped. adjacent se Egypt (*cholmleyi); mostly a bird Kenya and Serengeti in Tanzania (hubbardi). resident of forests of n DR Congo (schubotzi) of the Middle East (heyi + intermedius). It is and Cameroon to sw DR Congo (plumifera).

284 | Species Accounts Species Accounts | 285 *White-throated Francolin Peliperdix Francolin, and genetic evidence suggests that genetic evidence suggests that it is not the *Scaly Francolin Pternistis squamatus [5]: albogularis [5, B2 = Cameroon, Ghana]: it might not be its sister taxon. Red-winged sister taxon. a fairly common resident of thickets and an uncommon resident of grasslands and Francolin [6, BT = South Africa] if lumped. forest edge of se Nigeria to sw DR Congo *Archer's Francolin Scleroptila gutturalis grassy woodlands of Senegal to Ivory Coast (squamatus), ne DR Congo to Ethiopia to *Finsch's Francolin Scleroptila finschi [4, B2 [4, B2 = Ethiopia, Uganda]: an uncommon (albogularis), Ivory Coast to n Cameroon c Kenya (schuetti), s Kenya to nc Tanzania

SPECIES ACCOUNTS SPECIES = Angola, Gabon]: an uncommon resident of resident of arid grasslands of Eritrea to n ACCOUNTS SPECIES (buckleyi) and w Zambia to e Angola to se DR (maranensis), ne Tanzania (usambarae), grasslands and grassy woodlands of se Gabon Ethiopia (gutturalis), n Uganda to s Ethiopia Congo (dewittei). It is best seen at Bénoué sc Tanzania (uzungwensis) and Viphya to sw Congo to sw DR Congo to w Angola. It (archeri) and Somaliland (lorti). It is best seen in Cameroon and Mole in Ghana (buckleyi), in Malawi (doni). Better sites include can be seen at Lékoni in Gabon and Mt Moco at Nechisar in Ethiopia and Kidepo in Uganda but can also be found at Western Zambezi in Ngaoundaba & Mt Cameroon in Cameroon & Tundavala in Angola. (archeri), and Daalo in Somaliland (lorti). Zambia (dewittei). (squamatus), Wondo Genet & Bishangari in N= *Orange River Francolin [5, BT = South *Shelley's Francolin Scleroptila shelleyi [5]: Ethiopia and Mt Kenya in Kenya (schuetti), *Schlegel's Francolin Peliperdix schlegelii Africa] if lumped. Molecular data suggests an uncommon resident of mesic savannas, and various sites in Gabon (squamatus). [3, B2 = Cameroon, CAR]: a rare resident of that it is not sister to Orange River Francolin. often in rocky areas, of c Kenya to n moist, well-grassed woodlands of c Cameroon May further be split into *Archer's Francolin *Ahanta Francolin Pternistis ahantensis [4]: a Tanzania (uluensis), the Chyulu Hills of s to w South Sudan. It was occasionally seen at Scleroptila [gutturalis] lorti [4, B2 = Ethiopia, fairly common resident of forest edge, gallery Kenya (macarthuri), s Uganda to ne South Ngaoundaba in Cameroon until about 2006, Uganda] and Rüppell's Francolin Scleroptila forests and thickets of w Nigeria to Guinea Africa (shelleyi), and se Zimbabwe to wc but there are no recent records, so searches in [gutturalis] gutturalis [3, BT = Ethiopia, 1/2 = (ahantensis) and Guinea-Bissau to Senegal Mozambique (canidorsalis). It is perhaps most areas surrounding Ngaoundaba, at Manda in Eritrea]. (hopkinsoni). Abuko in Gambia is one of the numerous at Mutinondo in Zambia (shelleyi), Chad and at Bamingui-Bangoran NP in CAR best sites for it (hopkinsoni), but it can also but can also best seen at Kruger & Polokwane *Orange River Francolin Scleroptila now offer the best chances. be seen at various places in s Ghana & Sierra in South Africa and Nkanga in Zambia [gutturalis] levalliantoides [5, BT = South Leone (ahantensis). *Ring-necked Francolin Scleroptila (shelleyi), and Tsavo West & Nairobi NP in Africa]: an uncommon resident of arid streptophora [4, BT = Uganda]: a rare Kenya (uluensis). grasslands of c South Africa to s Botswana *Grey-striped Francolin Pternistis resident of grassy savannas and woodlands (levalliantoides), c Botswana to c Namibia griseostriatus [4, EN = Angola]: a fairly *Whyte's Francolin Scleroptila [shelleyi] of n Uganda to Burundi to nw Tanzania to (pallidior), and nw Namibia to sw Angola common resident of forests, gallery whytei [3, BT = Malawi]: an uncommon w Kenya, with an outlying population in c (jugularis). It is best seen at Gauteng & forests and dense thickets of the Angolan resident of mesic savannas, often in rocky Cameroon. It is locally common at Kidepo in Benfontein in South Africa (levalliantoides), escarpment. It is best seen at Kissama, but areas, of n Malawi to se DR Congo. It is Uganda, and occasionally seen at Murchison with other sites including Ruacana (jugularis) can be found anywhere along the escarpment poorly known, but can sometimes be found at in Uganda and Akagera in Rwanda. and Avis Dam in Namibia (pallidior). N= from Leba to Uíge, including at Kumbira. Nyika in Malawi and could be looked for in *Orange River Francolin [5, BT = South *Grey-winged Francolin Scleroptila afra [7, suitable habitat in far ne Zambia. N= genetic *Hildebrandt's Francolin Pternistis Africa] if lumped. Includes *Cunene EN = South Africa]: a fairly common resident evidence suggests that it is not most closely hildebrandti [7]: a fairly common resident of River Francolin Scleroptila [gutturalis/ of scrublands and grasslands of s + e South related to Shelley's Francolin. thickets and forest edge of w Kenya (altumi), levalliantoides] jugularis [4, BT = Namibia, Africa. Good sites include West Coast NP, De c Kenya to se DR Congo to ne Zambia *Moorland Francolin Scleroptila psilolaema 1/2 = Angola], possibly another cryptic sp, as Hoop & Wakkerstroom. (hildebrandti) and se Tanzania to Malawi [5, EN = Ethiopia]: an uncommon resident molecular data suggests that it is not sister to (johnstoni). Better sites include Ngorongoro *Southern Red-winged Francolin Scleroptila of montane grasslands and shrublands of levalliantoides. in Tanzania (hildebrandti), Nyika & Lilongwe levaillantii [6, EN = South Africa]: a fairly Ethiopia. It is best seen on the Sanetti Plateau *Crested Francolin Dendroperdix sephaena Nature Sanctuary in Malawi (johnstoni), and common resident of moist grasslands of at Bale in Ethiopia. N= Moorland Francolin [8]: a common resident of savannas and Nakuru in Kenya (altumi). e South Africa. It is most reliably seen at [5, BT = Ethiopia, B2 = Kenya] if lumped. bushveld of e South Africa to s Zimbabwe Wakkerstroom & Hela Hela. N= Red-winged *Double-spurred Francolin Pternistis *Elgon Francolin Scleroptila [psilolaema] (sephaena), s Angola to wc Mozambique Francolin [6, BT = South Africa] if lumped. bicalcaratus [7]: a fairly common resident elgonensis [3, NE = Kenya, 1/2 = Uganda]: an (zambesiae), Ethiopia to nc Tanzania (grantii), of moist savannas and woodlands of c *Kikuyu Red-winged Francolin Scleroptila uncommon resident of montane moorlands Somaliland to ne Kenya (spilogaster) and e Cameroon to Senegal (bicalcaratus), s Nigeria [levaillantii] kikuyuensis [5, BT = Malawi]: and shrublands, especially in rocky areas, of Kenya to c Mozambique (rovuma). It can be to s Cameroon (ogilviegranti), Sierra Leone an uncommon resident of moist grasslands c Kenya, and Mt Elgon in Kenya & Uganda. seen at Kruger in South Africa (sephaena), to Ivory Coast (thornei), and n Morocco of n Malawi (crawshayi) and Angola to It is best searched for above 3,000 m at Mt Murchison in Uganda and various inland (ayesha). It is easy to see at Ngaoundaba & Kenya (kikuyuensis). It can be found most Kenya & Mt Elgon in Kenya, but seems to be parks in Kenya and Tanzania (grantii), and Bénoué in Cameroon, and at various sites in reliably at Nyika in Malawi (crawshayi), rare at Aberdares. N= Moorland Francolin Manda Is in Kenya (rovuma). N= includes Ghana, Senegal and Gambia (bicalcaratus); in with Maasai Mara in Kenya and Kihihi in [5, BT = Ethiopia, B2 = Kenya] if lumped. *Kirk's Francolin Dendroperdix rovuma [6, Morocco it is best seen at Zaër (ayesha). Uganda (kikuyuensis) also possible sites. N= Vocalisations and plumage differentiates it BT = Kenya]. quite different from Southern Red-winged from Moorland Francolin, and preliminary

286 | Species Accounts Species Accounts | 287 *Heuglin's Francolin Pternistis *Jackson's Francolin Pternistis jacksoni [6, to w Zimbabwe (adspersus in the north- which contains harterti. Molecular data icterorhynchus [5, BT = Uganda]: a fairly EN = Kenya]: a fairly common resident of west, mesicus elsewhere). It is easy to see in suggests that the two sub-groups are not sister common resident of well-grassed savannas montane thickets of c Kenya; once recorded Namibia & Botswana, and is quite common taxa. Also 'Red-necked Francolin'. and woodlands of se Cameroon to nw from Mt Elgon in Uganda. It is best seen around Windhoek in Namibia (mesicus). N= *Swainson's Francolin Pternistis swainsonii Uganda. At present the only accessible areas above 2,500 m at Aberdares & Mt Kenya. also Red-billed Spurfowl by IOC.

SPECIES ACCOUNTS SPECIES within its range are Murchison & Budongo in [8, BT = South Africa]: a common resident ACCOUNTS SPECIES *Chestnut-naped Francolin Pternistis *Cape Francolin Pternistis capensis [7, NE Uganda. of grassy savannas of e South Africa to ne castaneicollis [7, NE = Ethiopia, 1/2 = = South Africa, 1/2 = Namibia]: a common Namibia (swainsonii), and Zimbabwe to *Clapperton's Francolin Pternistis Somaliland]: a fairly common resident of resident of fynbos, shrublands and gardens of wc Mozambique (lundazi). It is best seen at clappertoni [5, B2 = Ethiopia, Uganda]: an montane forest edge, thickets and dense sw South Africa to far sw Namibia. It is easily Kruger in South Africa, and can also be found uncommon resident of savannas and wadis heath of w Somaliland (ogoensis), sw Ethiopia seen in South Africa at Kirstenbosch & West at Waterberg in Namibia (swainsonii). N= also in desert of Mali to w Sudan (clappertoni), e (kaffanus) and c + e Ethiopia (castaneicollis). Coast NP. N= also Cape Spurfowl by IOC. Swainson's Spurfowl by IOC. Sudan (koenigseggi), South Sudan (heuglini), The best place to see it is at Bale in Ethiopia *Natal Francolin Pternistis natalensis [7, BT *Madagascar Partridge Margaroperdix c Ethiopia to Eritrea (sharpii), e Sudan to w (castaneicollis). = South Africa, B2 = Zimbabwe]: a common Ethiopia (nigrosquamatus) and se Sudan to madagarensis [4, EN = Madagascar]: a fairly *Black-fronted Francolin Pternistis resident of savannas and bushveld of e South ne Uganda (gedgii). It is best seen at Langano common resident of open habitats throughout [castaneicollis] atrifrons [3, EN = Ethiopia]: an Africa to far s Zambia to wc Mozambique & Gibe in Ethiopia (nigrosquamatus), Kidepo Madagascar. It can be hard to find since it uncommon resident of dry montane thickets (neavei in the far north, natalensis elsewhere). in Uganda (gedgii) and Ennedi in Chad does not make any advertisement calls, but is of far s Ethiopia; also recorded once in n It is easy to see in South Africa, especially at (clappertoni), although it is also common at best seen at Anjozorobe & Isalo, and is fairly Kenya. It is best seen in remote hills around Kruger (natalensis). N= also Natal Spurfowl Waza in Cameroon (clappertoni). often seen along the national road going Mega in s Ethiopia. by IOC. north of Antananarivo. *Harwood's Francolin Pternistis [clappertoni] *Djibouti Francolin Pternistis ochropectus *Yellow-necked Spurfowl Pternistis harwoodi [6, EN = Ethiopia]: a fairly common Common Quail Coturnix coturnix [7]: a [5, EN = Djibouti]: a scarce resident of open leucoscepus [8]: a common resident of resident of river valleys and gorges of c fairly common resident of grasslands of Cape juniper forests in the highlands of Djibouti. savannas of n Tanzania to Somaliland. It is Ethiopia. It is best found at Jemma, the only Verde (*inopinata) and Azores (*conturbans), It is best seen at Day Forest, which holds the easy to see in many game parks in n Tanzania, accessible site known for it. N= molecular an IAM of SSA, Madagascar & Comoros majority of the population, with the remote Kenya & Ethiopia. data suggests that it should be lumped with (*africana) and ne Africa (*erlangeri), and Mabla Mts holding the only other population. coturnix); also a vagrant to Clapperton's Francolin. a PM to Africa ( *Grey-breasted Spurfowl Pternistis rufopictus Seychelles. It can be seen at many sites. *Erckel's Francolin Pternistis erckelii [6, [6, EN = Tanzania]: a fairly common resident *Swierstra's Francolin Pternistis swierstrai NE = Ethiopia]: a fairly common resident of of arid savannas of the Serengeti system of nw *Harlequin Quail Coturnix delegorguei [4, EN = Angola]: an uncommon resident rocky escarpments of nw Ethiopia to Eritrea Tanzania. It is best seen at Ndutu & Seronera [6]: a nomad and IAM of grasslands and of montane forests and thickets, confined to ne Sudan. It is best seen at Debre Libanos, in Serengeti. open savannas of w Madagascar & SSA to the highlands of w Angola. It is difficult Gemessa Gedel & Jemma in Ethiopia. (*delegorguei), São Tomé Is (*histrionica) to observe but can be seen at Mt Moco & *Red-necked Spurfowl Pternistis afer [8]: and Socotra Is (arabica); also occurs on the Tundavala. *Hartlaub's Francolin Pternistis hartlaubi a common resident of moist savannas and . Its movements, which [7, BT = Namibia, 1/2 = Angola]: a fairly thickets, with two distinctive groups; the *Mount Cameroon Francolin Pternistis generally follow the rains, can make it hard common resident of rocky hillsides is arid vermiculated group of nw Angola to w camerunensis [2, EN = Cameroon]: an to track down, although it is resident on São savannas of c + n Namibia (bradfieldi), Congo to w Kenya to c Zambia (cranchii), uncommon montane forest resident of Mt Tomé Is (histrionica) and can be seen at a nw Namibia (crypticus) and sw Angola and w Tanzania to Burundi (harterti); and Cameroon in Cameroon. It is rarely seen variety of sites in East Africa (*delegorguei). (hartlaubi). The most reliable site is Erongo the black-and-white group of coastal Kenya on the more accessible eastern side of the in Namibia (bradfieldi), especially around to ne Tanzania (leucoparaeus), e Tanzania *Blue Quail Excalfactoria [chinensis] mountain, and to stand a reasonable chance Erongo Wilderness Lodge, but other to n Mozambique (melanogaster), w Angola adansonii [4]: an uncommon IAM of of seeing it one needs to undertake a 3–4 good sites include Waterberg in Namibia to nw Namibia (afer), c Mozambique to se moist grasslands of tropical SSA. It is most day expedition to the north-west side of Mt (bradfieldi), Ruacana in Namibia (crypticus) Zimbabwe (swynnertoni), and s + e South frequently seen at Mwinilunga & Mutinondo Cameroon. and 40 km inland of Benguela in Angola Africa (castaneiventer). It is best seen at in Zambia and Savane River in Mozambique. *Handsome Francolin Pternistis nobilis [5, (hartlaubi). N= also Hartlaub's Spurfowl by Queen Elizabeth in Uganda (cranchii) N= may be lumped with extralimital King B2 = Rwanda, Uganda]: a fairly common IOC. and Mikumi & Tarangire in Tanzania Quail Excalfactoria chinensis; then called Blue resident of montane forests and bamboo (melanogaster), and can be found at various Quail [4]. *Red-billed Francolin Pternistis adspersus thickets of the Albertine Rift. It is best seen at sites in Malawi and Zambia (melanogaster) [7, BT = Namibia]: a common resident of Ruhiza in Uganda and Nyungwe in Rwanda. and w Angola (afer). N= includes *Cranch's arid savannas of c Namibia to s Angola Spurfowl Pternistis cranchii [7, BT = Uganda]

288 | Species Accounts Species Accounts | 289 *Udzungwa Forest Partridge Xenoperdix from Mafwemiro Forest, especially Chugu Macaroni Eudyptes chrysolophus coastal areas of South Africa & Namibia, and udzungwensis [2, EN = Tanzania]: an Hill, best accessed from Mbuga Mission. [2]: an abundant breeder on Prince Edward a vagrant to Angola, Mozambique & Gabon. uncommon resident of montane forests of the & Marion Is, and a vagrant to South Africa & It is best seen at its two mainland colonies *Congo Peacock Afropavo congensis [1, EN Udzungwa Mts of Tanzania. Its entire range Tristan da Cunha Is. It is seen more easily on in South Africa, namely Boulders Beach at = DR Congo]: an uncommon resident of is difficult to access, but it can be seen at West trips to the Falklands from South America. Simon's Town & Stony Point at Betty's Bay.

SPECIES ACCOUNTS SPECIES dense lowland forests of c + ec DR Congo. It ACCOUNTS SPECIES Kilombero forest, accessed from Udekwa. N= also ‘Jackass Penguin'. is best seen at Salonga & Lomako-Yokokala, Little Penguin Eudyptula minor [0]: a vagrant *Rubeho Forest Partridge Xenoperdix the latter locality with tourism facilities but from Australasia. The single record from Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus udzungwensis obscuratus [1, EN = Tanzania]: beyond the budget of most birders. N= also Namibia was probably of a ship-assisted bird. [0]: a vagrant from s South America. a little-known resident of montane forest of Congo Peafowl by IOC. Recorded from South Africa & Tristan da * Spheniscus demersus [8, the Rubeho Mts of Tanzania. It is known only Cunha Is. BT = South Africa, B2 = Namibia]: a fairly common endemic breeder on islands and Gaviidae – [3/3 of 5] Oceanitidae – Austral Storm Petrels [5/5 of 9] Red-throated Gavia stellata [1]: a rare Gavia immer [0]: a rare PM visitor to North Africa & Macaronesia. It is to the coasts of w Algeria & Morocco, and a Wilson's Storm Petrel Oceanites oceanicus Africa & Azores. It is best seen around the seen most often off the coast of Morocco. vagrant to Macaronesia. It is best seen off the [7]: a common breeder on Prince Edward & Savage Is off Madeira (*hypoleuca) or near coast of Morocco. N= also ‘Great Northern Black-throated Loon Gavia arctica [1]: a rare Marion Is, and a common visitor to waters Cima Is & Laje Branca Islet in Cape Verde Diver'. visitor to North-West Africa & Macaronesia south of the equator from the southern (*eadesorum). (arctica). It is seen mostly off Morocco. oceans (oceanicus + exasperatus). It is easily White-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta grallaria seen on pelagic trips off Cape Town. [4]: a common breeder on Tristan & Gough Grey-backed Storm Petrel Garrodia nereis Is (leucogaster), and a rare visitor off the Spheniscidae – [4]: a common breeder on Gough, Prince Indian Ocean Islands, Cape Verde & Southern Edward & Marion Is, and a vagrant off South African. It is best seen around Tristan da [10/10 of 18, 1 endemic and 1 near-endemic] Africa & St Helena Is. It is best seen around Cunha & Gough Is. Gough & Marion Is. King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus [2]: a Southern Rockhopper Penguin Eudyptes Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica common breeder on Prince Edward & Marion chrysocome [2]: a common breeder on Prince White-faced Storm Petrel Pelagodroma [4]: a breeder on Tristan da Cunha & Gough Is, and a vagrant to Tristan da Cunha Is & Edward & Marion Is (filholi), and a vagrant to marina [5]: a generally common breeder Is (melanoleuca) and Prince Edward & South Africa. It is seen more easily on trips to the west (chrysocome) and east (filholi) coasts on the Canary Islands (rare) and Savage Marion Is (tropica), and an uncommon visitor Antarctic from South America. of South Africa. It is seen more easily on trips Is off Madeira (*hypoleuca), Cape Verde off the Indian Ocean Islands & Southern to the Falklands leaving from South America. (*eadesorum) and St Helena, Tristan da Africa. It is occasionally seen on pelagic trips Gentoo Penguin Pygoscelis papua [2]: an N= Rockhopper Penguin [3] if lumped. Cunha & Gough Is (*marina), and a rare off Cape Town, but best seen around Tristan uncommon breeder on Prince Edward & visitor off the Indian Ocean Islands, West da Cunha & Gough Is (melanoleuca). Marion Is, and a vagrant to South Africa *Northern Rockhopper Penguin Eudyptes & Tristan da Cunha Is (papua). It is seen [chrysocome] moseleyi [3, 1/2 = Gough, more easily on trips to Antarctic from South Tristan]: a common, near-endemic breeder America. (>90% of the world population) on Tristan da Cunha & Gough Is, and a vagrant to Adelie Penguin Pygoscelis adeliae [0]: a continental waters; breeds extralimitally on vagrant from Antarctic. Recorded at sea in the Amsterdam & St Paul's Is. It is easy to see south of the region. on Tristan da Cunha & Gough Is, if you can Chinstrap Penguin Pygoscelis antarcticus [0]: get there. N= Rockhopper Penguin [3] if a vagrant from Antarctica, with the nearest lumped. breeding colony on Bouvet Is. Recorded around Marion Is.

290 | Species Accounts Species Accounts | 291 *Atlantic Yellow-nosed & Marion Is, and a fairly common visitor off Diomedeidae – Thalassarche chlororhynchos [6, BT = South e South Africa and s Madagascar; also breeds [16/16 of 21, 2 endemic and 1 near-endemic breeders] Africa]: a common endemic breeder on on Amsterdam, Crozet, Kerguelen & St Paul Tristan da Cunha & Gough Is, and a fairly Is. It is most often seen on pelagic trips off Phoebastria immutabilis *Sooty Albatross Phoebetria fusca [3, BT common visitor off w South Africa & Cape Town. N= Yellow-nosed Albatross if SPECIES ACCOUNTS SPECIES [0]: a vagrant from the n Pacific Ocean. = Tristan]: a fairly common near-endemic Namibia. It is easy to see around Tristan da lumped. ACCOUNTS SPECIES Cunha & Gough Is, and is regularly seen Recorded off South Africa. breeder on Tristan da Cunha, Gough, Prince Buller's Albatross Thalassarche bulleri [0]: Edward & Marion Is, and a vagrant off s on pelagic trips off Cape Town. N= Yellow- Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans a vagrant from New Zealand. Recorded off Madagascar & South Africa; extralimitally nosed Albatross if lumped. [4]: a common breeder on Prince Edward & South Africa. breeds on Amsterdam & Crozet Is. It is best Marion Is, an uncommon visitor off Southern Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassarche seen around Tristan da Cunha & Gough Is. Africa, and a vagrant to Mauritius. It is seen [chlororhynchos] carteri [6, BT = South occasionally on pelagic trips off Cape Town, Light-mantled Sooty Albatross Phoebetria Africa]: a common breeder on Prince Edward although might be impossible to distinguish palpebrata [3]: an uncommon breeder on from Tristan Albatross at sea. Prince Edward & Marion Is, and a vagrant off s Madagascar, South Africa & Mozambique. It Amsterdam Albatross Diomedea [exulans] Hydrobatidae – Northern Storm Petrels is best seen around Prince Edward & Marion amsterdamensis [0]: an extralimital breeder Is, although is seen more easily on trips to on Amsterdam Is, which is slightly closer to [7/7 of 17, 2 endemic breeders] Antarctica leaving from South America. N= Australia than Africa, that rarely visits oceanic also Light-mantled Albatross by IOC. waters in the south-east of the region. There Hydrobates pelagicus *Cape Verde Storm Petrel Oceanodroma have been no sightings, but satellite tracking Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche [6]: an uncommon breeder on Canary Islands [castro] jabejabe [6, EN = Cape Verde (br)]: data shows that it does visit the region. melanophris [7]: a common visitor to oceanic (melitensis, Jul–Sep) and a fairly common a fairly common endemic breeder of Cape waters in the south of the region, from PM off the west coast of Africa (pelagicus + Verde. It is best seen around its breeding *Tristan Albatross Diomedea [exulans] its extralimital southern ocean breeding melitensis). It can be seen on pelagic trips off colonies, such as on Raso Is. dabbenena [3, NE = Gough (br), 1/2 = grounds. It is easily seen on pelagic trips off Cape Town (pelagicus + melitensis). Tristan (br)]: an uncommon and declining Swinhoe's Storm Petrel Oceanodroma Cape Town. endemic breeder on Gough Is (2500 pairs) Band-rumped Storm Petrel | Madeiran monorhis [0]: a vagrant from e Asia. Recorded and Inaccessible Is of Tristan da Cunha Is (2 Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta [7]: a Storm Petrel Oceanodroma castro [4]: an off the Indian Ocean Islands, the Horn of pairs), and a rare visitor to Southern African common visitor to oceanic waters in the south uncommon breeder of Macaronesia and Africa & Madeira (where it might also breed). St Helena & Ascension Is. It is best seen waters. It is best seen around Gough Is; could of the region, from its Australasian breeding Leach's Storm Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa at Madeira, Is off St Helena Is and be overlooked elsewhere due to its similarity grounds (mostly steadi, some cauta). It is [3]: a rare austral summer breeder on Dyer Is Boatswainbird Is off Ascension Is. N= two to Wandering Albatross. easily seen on pelagic trips off Cape Town. N= off South Africa, and an uncommon summer may be split into White-capped Albatross sympatric populations with distinct breeding Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea visitor off Southern Africa from the northern Thalassarche steadi [7] and Shy Albatross seasons suggest that two sp could be involved, epomophora [3]: a rare but regular visitor hemisphere (leucorhoa). It can be seen along Thalassarche cauta [3]. with the second taxon named granti. from New Zealand to oceanic waters in the the entire west coast of Africa. *Monteiro's Storm Petrel Oceanodroma south of the region, recorded mostly off South Chatham Albatross Thalassarche [cauta] Matsudaira's Storm Petrel Oceanodroma [castro] monteiroi [3, EN = Azores (br)]: a Africa. It is seen occasionally on pelagic eremita [0]: a vagrant from New Zealand. matsudairae [0]: a vagrant from Japan. rare endemic breeder (c. 1500 birds, May– trips off Cape Town. N= Royal Albatross if Recorded off South Africa. Recorded off the Indian Ocean Islands & Oct) and resident of Azores. It breeds on two lumped. South Africa. Salvin's Albatross Thalassarche [cauta] islets off Graciosa Is and should be looked for Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea salvini [0]: a vagrant from New Zealand & in waters surrounding it. [epomophora] sanfordi [3]: a rare but regular Crozet Is. Recorded off South Africa. visitor from New Zealand to oceanic waters Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche in the south of the region, recorded mostly off chrysostoma [3]: a common breeder on Prince South Africa. It is seen occasionally on pelagic Edward & Marion Is, and a rare visitor off trips off Cape Town. N= Royal Albatross if Southern African. It is occasionally seen on lumped. pelagic trips off Cape Town.

292 | Species Accounts Species Accounts | 293 Grey-faced Petrel Pterodroma [macroptera] Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma cahow [0]: Procellariidae – Petrels & Shearwaters gouldi [0]: a rare vagrant from New Zealand. known from a single nest on Azores; breeds [55/55 of 96, 11 endemics and 2 near-endemics breeders] Recorded off s Madagascar. on Bermuda. Better seen outside the region. White-headed Petrel Pterodroma lessonii Black-capped Petrel Pterodroma hasitata [0]: Many of the rarer species of petrel and Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea [3]: a fairly

SPECIES ACCOUNTS SPECIES [0]: a breeder on Prince Edward & Marion Is a vagrant from & Dominican Republic. ACCOUNTS SPECIES shearwater are best seen during the breeding common breeder on Prince Edward & Marion and a visitor to the oceans in the south of the Recorded off Azores. season; at this time of the year birds are Is, and a vagrant off South Africa. It is more region. It is best seen around Prince Edward Herald Petrel Pterodroma [hasitata] heraldica active in the vicinity of their nests, whereas easily seen outside the region. & Marion Is. at other times they may disperse over [1]: a rare breeder on Round Is off Mauritius Broad-billed Prion Pachyptila vittata [3]: hundreds of thousands of square kilometres *Atlantic Petrel Pterodroma incerta [3, NE = (10–15 pairs, Aug–Dec) and a vagrant off a common breeder on Tristan da Cunha & of ocean, making them almost impossible Gough (br), 1/2 = Tristan (br)]: an endemic Ascension Is from the s Pacific Ocean. It is Gough Is, and a vagrant off South Africa & to track down. It is worth taking this into breeder on Gough Is (common) and Tristan better seen outside the region. Mozambique. It can be seen around Tristan consideration when deciding on the timing of da Cunha Is (rare), and a vagrant off South da Cunha & Gough Is, although is more easily Kermadec Petrel Pterodroma neglecta [0]: birding trips to many island regions. Africa. It is best seen around Gough Is. seen outside the region. a rare breeder on Round Is off Mauritius Southern Giant Petrel Macronectes giganteus Murphy's Petrel Pterodroma ultima [0]: a (10–15 pairs), although the identity of these Salvin's Prion Pachyptila [vittata] salvini [3]: [4]: an uncommon breeder on Gough & vagrant from the Pacific Ocean. Recorded off birds is still controversial, and vagrant off the an abundant breeder on Prince Edward & Marion Is, and an uncommon visitor to the St Helena Is. other Indian Ocean Islands (neglecta). It can Marion Is, and a vagrant off South Africa & south of the region. It is most easily seen on sometimes be seen around Round Is. Mozambique (salvini). It is best seen around Soft-plumaged Petrel Pterodroma mollis pelagic trips off Cape Town. Prince Edward & Marion Is. [3]: a common breeder on Tristan da Cunha, Trindade Petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana [3, Northern Giant Petrel Macronectes halli [4]: Gough, Prince Edward & Marion Is, and BT = Mauritius]: a rare year-round breeder on Antarctic Prion Pachyptila [vittata] desolata a breeder on Prince Edward & Marion Is, a rare visitor off s Madagascar & Southern Round Is off Mauritius (120–170 pairs, peak [3]: an oceanic visitor from Antarctica, fairly and an uncommon visitor off s Madagascar Africa. It is occasionally seen on pelagic trips Aug–Oct) and a vagrant off Macaronesia; common off Tristan da Cunha & Gough Is & Southern Africa. It is most easily seen on off Cape Town. also breeds on Trinidade & Martin Vaz Is off and rare off South Africa & Madagascar. It Brazil. It can be seen at Round Is. N= may be pelagic trips off Cape Town. *Zino's Petrel Pterodroma madeira [3, EN = is sometimes seen on pelagic trips off Cape split into *Round Island Petrel Pterodroma Madeira (br)]: a rare breeder on cliffs in the Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis [0]: Town. sp [3, EN = Mauritius] and Trindade Petrel a vagrant from the n Atlantic (probably highlands of Madeira (130–160 birds, Apr– Slender-billed Prion Pachyptila belcheri Pterodroma arminjoniana [0]. glacialis). Recorded off Morocco, Madeira, Oct); it leaves Madeira when not breeding. It [0]: a vagrant from the southern oceans. Azores & Canary Islands. is rarely seen at sea, so best seen at full moon *Barau's Petrel Pterodroma baraui [4, EN = Recorded off Tristan da Cunha & Gough Is, s at its breeding colony at Mt Arieiro. Réunion (br)]: a fairly common breeder in Southern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialoides [2]: Madagascar, South Africa & Namibia. the highlands of Réunion and occasionally on *Fea's Petrel Pterodroma [madeira] feae a rare visitor off Southern African from the Rodrigues (Sep–Mar), and a vagrant off South Fairy Prion Pachyptila turtur [1]: a rare [5, EN = Cape Verde (br)]: an uncommon Antarctic. It is occasionally seen on pelagic Africa & Mozambique. It can be seen at its breeder on Marion Is, and a vagrant off s endemic breeder on Cape Verde (Dec–Apr), trips off Cape Town. breeding colony at Neiges Peak on Réunion, Madagascar, South Africa & Namibia. It is and visitor off Azores, Guinea-Bissau & or offshore from the Etienne River mouth. Antarctic Petrel Thalassoica antarctica [0]: seen more easily outside the region. Western Sahara. It is best seen when crossing a vagrant from Antarctica. Recorded from Kerguelen Petrel Aphrodroma brevirostris [3]: between the different islands of Cape Verde, Black-winged Petrel Pterodroma nigripennis Marion Is & South Africa. a common breeder on Gough, Prince Edward especially near colonies on Fogo & Santo [1]: a vagrant breeder on Round Is off Cape Petrel | Pintado Petrel Daption & Marion Is, a rare breeder on Inaccessible Antão Is (80 + 200 pairs, respectively) or on Mauritius, from the w Pacific Ocean. It capense [7]: a common pelagic visitor off Is of Tristan da Cunha Is, and a vagrant boat trips to Raso Is. cannot be seen reliably in the region. s Madagascar & Southern Africa from the off South Africa & Réunion. It is best seen *Desertas Petrel Pterodroma [madeira/ *Mascarene Petrel Pseudobulweria aterrima southern ocean, mostly during the austral around Gough Is. feae] deserta [3, EN = Madeira (br)]: a rare [2, EN = Réunion (br)]: a rare austral summer winter (capense). It is easily seen on pelagic Great-winged Petrel Pterodroma macroptera endemic breeder on Bugio Is, part of the endemic breeder in the highlands of Réunion trips off Cape Town. [3]: a breeder on Gough (common) and Desertas Is, 30 km south-east of Madeira (100–200 birds). It is best seen at sea off Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea [0]: a vagrant Tristan (rare), and an uncommon visitor (150–180 pairs, Jul–Dec), and non-breeding Réunion, especially 25 nautical miles off St from Antarctica. Recorded off Marion Is. off Southern Africa & Madagascar. It is birds disperse widely through the Atlantic. It Pierre on the south-west of the island; the occasionally seen on pelagic trips off Cape is best seen in waters surrounding Bugio Is colonies are hard to reach, but are located on Town. (Jul–Dec), visited on a day-long pelagic trip the southern slopes of Neiges Peak. N= see from Madeira. N= also ‘Bugio Petrel'. Shirihai et al 2014.

294 | Species Accounts Species Accounts | 295 Grey Petrel Procellaria cinerea [3]: a common uncommon breeder throughout the Indian pairs, probably Sep–Jan) and common off Macaronesian Shearwater [6] if lumped with breeder on Gough, Prince Edward & Marion Ocean Islands, and a vagrant off South Africa; Socotra Is (persicus, May–Sep), and a fairly Barolo Shearwater. May also be subsumed Is, a rare breeder on Tristan da Cunha Is, and occurs widely through the Indian & Pacific common visitor off n Madagascar and the into Audubon's Shearwater. a vagrant off South Africa & Réunion. It is Oceans. It is best seen at Cousin & Aride Is of Mozambique Channel. It can be seen at sea Subantarctic Shearwater Puffinus [assimilis] best seen around Gough & Marion Is. Seychelles, and Round Is off Mauritius. around Socotra Is (persicus) and Mohéli

SPECIES ACCOUNTS SPECIES elegans [4]: a common breeder on Tristan da ACCOUNTS SPECIES Is (*temptator), especially when breeding. White-chinned Petrel Procellaria Sooty Shearwater Ardenna grisea [7]: a rare Cunha & Gough Is (elegans), and a vagrant N= may be subsumed into extralimital aequinoctialis [7]: a common breeder on breeder on Tristan da Cunha & Gough Is, and to continental waters. It is best seen around Audubon's Shearwater. *Moheli Shearwater Prince Edward & Marion Is, and a common a common oceanic visitor off the west coast of Tristan da Cunha Is. N= may be subsumed Puffinus temptator [3, EN = Comoros] may visitor off s Madagascar & Southern Africa. It Africa, particularly off Southern Africa. It is into extralimital Little Shearwater. be split. is easy to see on pelagic trips off Cape Town. easy to see on pelagic trips off Cape Town. South Diving Petrel Pelecanoides Tropical Shearwater Puffinus [lherminieri] *Spectacled Petrel Procellaria [aequinoctialis] Short-tailed Shearwater Ardenna tenuirostris georgicus [3]: a common breeder on Prince bailloni [5]: a common breeder of c Seychelles conspicillata [3, EN = Tristan (br), BT = South [0]: a vagrant from Australia. Recorded off Edward & Marion Is. Although easily seen (nicolae), Aldabra Is (*colstoni) and Réunion Africa]: an endemic breeder on Inaccessible Is Rodrigues. around these islands, it is more accessible on (*bailloni), and a vagrant off South Africa; of Tristan da Cunha Is, a rare visitor off South trips to Antarctica from South America. Flesh-footed Shearwater Ardenna carneipes occurs widely through the Indian & Pacific Africa, and a vagrant off Réunion. It is rarely [3]: an uncommon oceanic visitor from Oceans. It is best seen at Aride Is of Seychelles seen on pelagic trips off Cape Town. Common Diving Petrel Pelecanoides Australia off the east coast of Africa and (nicolae). N= may be subsumed into urinatrix [3]: a common breeder on Tristan Streaked Shearwater Calonectris leucomelas the Indian Ocean Islands. It is best seen on extralimital Audubon's Shearwater. da Cunha & Gough Is (*dacunhae) and Prince [0]: a vagrant from the Pacific Ocean. pelagic trips off Durban in South Africa. Edward & Marion Is (exsul). It can be seen off *Barolo Shearwater Puffinus [lherminieri] Recorded off s Madagascar, Socotra Is & Tristan da Cunha & Gough Is. Great Shearwater Ardenna gravis [6]: a baroli [5, BT = Madeira]: an endemic breeder South Africa. common, near-endemic breeder of Tristan da (peak Feb–May) on Desertas & Savage Is off Bulwer's Petrel Bulweria bulwerii [6]: a rare Scopoli's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea Cunha & Gough Is, a fairly common visitor Madeira (common) and Azores & Canary breeder on Round Is off Mauritius, a fairly [4]: a fairly common breeder in the off Southern Africa, and a passage migrant off Islands (rare). It is best seen around Desertas common breeder of Macaronesia (Jun–Sep), Mediterranean, including islands off Algeria West Africa. It is quite easily seen on pelagic Is, visited on a pelagic day trip from Madeira; especially on the Desertas Is off Madeira, & Tunisia, and a PM off the west coast of trips off Cape Town. can also be seen when crossing between and a regular visitor off s Madagascar and Africa. It is best seen off s Europe, but can Tenerife & La Gomera Is and Tenerife & the Mascarene Is. It is best seen off Madeira, Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus [6]: a be seen from Cap Bon in Tunisia. N= Cory's El Hierro Is of Canary Islands. N= may be especially on pelagic trips to the Desertas Is. common breeder of Madeira (Apr–Aug), rare Shearwater [6] if lumped. subsumed into Audubon's Shearwater. breeder of Canary Islands & Azores, a visitor *Jouanin's Petrel Bulweria fallax [3, EN = *Cory's Shearwater Calonectris [diomedea] off West Africa & Cape Verde, and a PM off *Boyd's Shearwater Puffinus [baroli/ Socotra (br)]: an endemic breeder on Socotra borealis [6]: a common boreal summer Southern African from the n Atlantic Ocean. lherminieri] boydi [6, EN = Cape Verde (br)]: Is (Jun–Nov) and resident in surrounding breeder (May–Oct) off Azores, Madeira, It can be seen on pelagic trips off Cape Town. a fairly common endemic breeder of Cape waters, a fairly common visitor off Somalia, Canary Islands & Algeria, and an uncommon Verde (Jan–May). It is best seen on crossings and a rare visitor off n Seychelles & Yelkouan Shearwater Puffinus yelkouan [3]: visitor off the west coast of Africa. It can between islands, including Raso to São Mozambique. It is best seen around Socotra a rare breeder off Algeria; quite common be seen around Madeira & Canary Islands, Nicolau Is; it breeds on Raso & São Nicolau Is. throughout the Mediterranean region. It and from Cape Rhir in Morocco. N= Cory's Is, and at Antónia Peak on Santiago Is. N= is best seen offshore between e Morocco & Shearwater [6] if lumped. Egypt, such as at Cap Bon in Tunisia. *Cape Verde Shearwater Calonectris Balearic Shearwater Puffinus [yelkouan] [diomedea] edwardsii [6, EN = Cape Verde mauretanicus [3]: an uncommon visitor off Podicipedidae – (br)]: a common breeding endemic of Cape e Morocco to w Egypt, from the Balearic Is Verde (Jun–Oct), and a vagrant off Canary [7/7 of 20, 1 endemic; also 1 extinct endemic] off Spain, and a vagrant to Macaronesia & Islands. It can be seen when crossing between South Africa. It can be seen in coastal waters islands of Cape Verde, especially on boat trips *Alaotra Tachybaptus rufolavatus [0, Tachybaptus ruficollis [9]: a between e Morocco & Egypt. to Raso Is; the largest colonies are on Branco EN = Madagascar]: formerly known from common resident of wetlands of North-West & Raso Is. *Persian Shearwater Puffinus [lherminieri] Lake Alaotra but now presumed to be extinct. Africa (ruficollis) and SSA, Madagascar & persicus [3, BT = Comoros, B2 = Socotra]: a Searches of the more remote wetlands of ne Comoros (*capensis); also occurs through Wedge-tailed Shearwater Ardenna pacifica near-endemic summer breeder, uncommon Madagascar could prove successful. N= see much of Eurasia. It is easy to see. [5]: a common breeder on Seychelles and on Mohéli Is of Comoros (*temptator, 500 Hawkins et al 2000. Round Is off Mauritius (>10 000 pairs), an

296 | Species Accounts Species Accounts | 297 *Madagascar Grebe Tachybaptus pelzelnii and a resident of and PM to Morocco White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon lepturus tropical waters. It is most easily seen at [6, NE = Madagascar, 1/2 = Comoros]: (cristatus); occurs through much of Eurasia [5]: a common breeder of the Indian Ocean Príncipe Is & Boatswainbird Is off Ascension a resident of undisturbed wetlands of & Australasia. It is best seen in South Africa Islands (lepturus), including Europa Is Is (ascensionis) and Cousin & Aride Is Madagascar (uncommon) and Grande (*infuscatus) and Morocco (cristatus). in the Mozambique Channel (*europae), of Seychelles and Round Is off Mauritius Comore Is of Comoros (rare). It is most often and Ascension Is, São Tomé & Príncipe (lepturus).

SPECIES ACCOUNTS SPECIES | Slavonian Grebe ACCOUNTS SPECIES seen at Mantadia, although most common (ascensionis); occurs almost globally in auritus [0]: a vagrant from Eurasia (auritus). at Bemanevika and sometimes turns up at Recorded from Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Alarobia, all in Madagascar. Madeira & Azores. Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps [0]: a Black-necked Grebe | Eared Grebe Podiceps Ciconiidae – vagrant from North America. Recorded from nigricollis [6]: an uncommon sp of wetlands, Azores & Canary Islands. [8/8 of 19, 4 endemic and 1 near-endemic] especially saline lakes, of Southern, East and Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena [0]: a ne Africa (*gurneyi) and North-West Africa *Yellow-billed ibis [7]: a fairly + neglecta). It is fairly easy to see in the Rift vagrant from Eurasia (grisegena). Recorded (nigricollis), and a vagrant to Seychelles; common sp of wetlands in savanna of SSA, Valley of East Africa and along the northern from Azores, Algeria & Egypt. occurs throughout the northern hemisphere. and a rare breeder on w Madagascar; also a coast of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. N= It can be seen at Lake Aoua in Morocco Podiceps cristatus vagrant to the Middle East. It is easy to see, may be split into *African Woolly-necked (nigricollis), and Strandfontein in South [7]: a fairly common resident of wetlands especially along the East African Rift Valley. Stork microscelis [7] and extralimital Africa and Ndutu in Tanzania (*gurneyi). Asian Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus. of Southern & East Africa (*infuscatus) * | African Open- billed Stork Anastomus lamelligerus [7]: Ciconia ciconia [9]: a common a common sp of wetlands in savanna of breeder of North-West Africa (Apr–Sep), a Phoenicopteridae – SSA (lamelligerus), and a rare resident rare resident of s South Africa, an uncommon on w Madagascar (madagascariensis). It PM to West Africa from the w Palaearctic, [2/2 of 6] is easily seen in Africa (lamelligerus); on and a common PM from e Europe and w Madagascar is best found at Lake Kinkony Asia to Southern Africa, where it occurs in Greater Phoenicopterus [ruber] Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor [7]: (madagascariensis). grasslands and open savannas (all ciconia); c roseus [8]: a common resident and nomad of a fairly common sp of saline wetlands of w Asian birds winter from to and are Ciconia nigra [6]: an uncommon wetlands of w Madagascar, w Southern Africa Southern Africa, East Africa and coastal w recorded as a vagrant to Seychelles (asiatica). breeding resident of cliffs and rivers of & East Africa, and a vagrant to the other Madagascar, and a vagrant to Mayotte Is; It is easy to see in Morocco during the boreal Southern Africa, and a PM north of the Indian Ocean Islands; also in s Eurasia. It can occurs eastwards to India. It can be seen at summer where it breeds in towns and villages, equator. It can be seen at various sites in be seen at Cape Town in South Africa and Velddrif & Kamfers Dam in South Africa, and and on its non-breeding grounds in e South South Africa, Ethiopia & Morocco. on many East African Rift Valley lakes. N= at many East African Rift Valley lakes such as Africa (all ciconia). may be lumped with extralimital American Nakuru in Kenya and Ngorongoro & Natron *Abdim's Stork Ciconia abdimii [6]: a fairly *Saddle-billed Stork Flamingo; then called Greater Flamingo [8]. in Tanzania. common IAM, breeding in arid savannas of senegalensis [7]: an uncommon sp of wetlands Senegal to Somalia (Mar–Sep) and visiting in savanna of SSA. It can be seen at many moist savannas south of the equator; also on sites, especially at game parks like Kruger the Arabian Peninsula. It is most easily seen in South Africa, Waza in Cameroon and Phaethontidae – on its breeding grounds in the Ethiopian Rift Murchison in Uganda. [3/3 of 3] Valley, but can also be seen on migration in Cameroon and is seasonally common in * crumenifer [9]: Zimbabwe. a fairly common sp of savannas and human Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus Red-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda habitation of SSA; also a vagrant to Israel. [5]: a breeder on islands off Somaliland & [6]: an uncommon breeder of Seychelles, Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus [7]: a It is easy to see, including in cities such as Socotra Is (indicus, common) and St Helena Madagascar and Rodrigues & Mauritius Is fairly common sp of wetlands in mesic areas Kampala in Uganda and Nairobi in Kenya. & Ascension Is, Cape Verde & Senegal (*rubricauda), a visitor throughout the Indian of SSA (*microscelis); also in s Asia (episcopus (aethereus); occurs almost globally in tropical Ocean Islands, and a vagrant off Southern waters. It is easiest to see at various islands Africa; occurs widely through the tropics in Cape Verde, and at Boatswainbird Is off of the Indian & Atlantic Oceans. It is most Ascension Is and St Helena Is (aethereus). readily seen at Nosy Ve Is off Madagascar and Round Is off Mauritius.

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Perez del Vaz J. 2001. A survey of birds of Europe & North-west Africa. WildSounds. Stead M, Rorison S and Scafidi O. 2013. Privately published. of Annobón Island, Equatorial Guinea: Angola. Second edition. Bradt Travel Guides. Roché JC and Chevereau J. 2002. Birds of preliminary report. Bulletin of the African Sargeant D. 1997. A Birders Guide to the Cape North-West Africa. Sittelle. Stevenson T and Fanshawe J. 2004. Birds of Bird Club 8: 54. Verde Islands. Privately published. East Africa. Christopher Helm. Rorison S. 2012. Congo. Democratic Republic Porter R and Aspinall S. 2010. Birds of the Sattin A and Lee J. 2015. Egypt. Twelfth and Republic. Second edition. Bradt Travel Stewart M, Irwin A and Wilson C. 2017. Cape Middle East. Second edition. Christopher edition. Lonely Planet. Guides. Helm. Verde. Seventh edition. Bradt Travel Guides. Sayers D. 2014. Azores. Fifth edition. Bradt Rosa Pinto AA. 1983. Ornitologia de Stjernstedt B. 2008. 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The Special Birds of Morocco. HarperCollins. Songs of Europe, North Africa and the Middle Privately Published. Rough Guides. 2015. The Rough Guide to Sykes T. 2016. Ivory Coast. Bradt Travel East. Musikverlag. Madagascar. Rough Guides. Procheş S and Ramdhani S. 2012. The world’s Guides. Siddle J. 2004. Birding in Madeira. Birding zoogeographical regions confirmed by cross- Rough Guides. 2015. The Rough Guide to Sziemer P. 2000. Madeira's Natural History in World 2004/4: 166–175. taxon analyses. BioScience 62: 260–270. Mauritius. Rough Guides. a Nutshell. Privately Published. Sinclair I, Hockey P, Tarboton W and Ryan P. Purroy FJ and Varela JM. 2016. Mamíferos de Rough Guides. 2016. The Rough Guide to Tarboton W. 2012. Roberts Nests and of 2011. SASOL Birds of Southern Africa. Fourth España. Península, Baleares y Canarias. Lynx Morocco. Rough Guides. Southern African Birds. Jacana Publishers. edition. Struik. Edicions. Rowlands BW. 1998. The Birds of St Tarboton W and Ryan P. 2016. 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528 | Supplements Supplements | 529 Thiollay JM. The Birds of Ivory Coast. Status SPECIES ACCOUNTS & OTHER Del Hoyo J and Collar NJ. 2014. HBW and Fontaine B. 2002. Is Dja River Warbler and Distribution. Malimbus 7: 1–59. BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist Bradypterus grandis really globally Ash J and Atkins J. 2009. Birds of Ethiopia and of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non- threatened? Bulletin of the African Bird Club Thomsen P and Jacobsen P. 9. The Birds of Eritrea. Christopher Helm. . Lynx editions. 10: 28–29. SUPPLEMENTS Tunisia. An annotated check-list and a field- SUPPLEMENTS guide to bird-watching. Privately published. Atkinson P, Robertson P, Dellelgn Y, Del Hoyo J and Collar NJ. 2016. HBW and Gebremedhin B and Demeke Y. 2011. Wondafrash M and Atkins J. 1996. The BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of Discovery of a wintering site of Demoiselle Trillo R. 2015. The Rough Guide to recent discovery of White-winged Flufftail in the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Cranes in Kafta-Sheraro National Park, Madagascar. Rough Guides. Ethiopia. Bulletin of the African Bird Club 3: Lynx editions. Ethiopia. Bulletin of the African Bird Club 18: Trillo R. 2016. The Rough Guide to Kenya. 34–36. 199–202. Del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J and Christie Rough Guides. Bergier P, Thévenot M, van den Berg AB and DA (eds). 1992–2013. Handbook of the Birds Goodman SM, Raherilalao MJ and Block Tyler SJ and Borello WD. 1998. Birds in The Sound Approach. 2013. Distribution, of the World, Lynx Edicions. NL. 2011. Patterns of morphological and the Gaborone Area and where to find them. habitat, identification and taxonomy of genetic variation in the Mentocrex kioloides Dickinson EC, Remsen JV and Christidis Botswana Bird Club. Streaked Scrub Warbler in Morocco. Dutch complex (Aves: : Rallidae) from L (eds). 2013–2014. The Howard & Moore Birding 35: 107–121. Madagascar, with the description of a new Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Unwin M. 2012. Swaziland. Bradt Travel species. Zootaxa 2776: 49–60. Guides. BirdLife International. 2016. Handbook of the 4th. Edition, Vol. 1, 2, Aves Press, Eastbourne, Birds of the World and BirdLife International U.K. Plus CD content: Tyrberg, T. & E.C. Harrap S. 1992. Little known West Palearctic Vande Weghe JP and Vande Weghe GR. 2011. digital checklist of the birds of the world. Dickinson Appendix 5: Extinct species. birds: Algerian Nuthatch. Birding World 5: Birds in Rwanda. An Atlas and Handbook. Version 9. Available at: http://datazone. 154–156. Rwanda Development Board. birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/ Dietzen C, Michels JP and Wink M. 2015. BirdLife_Checklist_Version_90.zip. Formal description of a new subspecies of the Hawkins F, Andriamasimanana R, The Velton R. 2009. Mali. Bradt Travel Guides. European Robin from Gran Canaria Island, Seing S and Rabeony Z. 2000. The sad story Butynski TM, Agenonga U, Ndera B and Vivero Pol JL. 2001. 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Bulletin of the African Bird Club 2: 101–128. of birds of the world: Version 6.9. 103–105. Wheeler D, Clammer P and Filou E. 2010. Irwin MPS, Leonard PM and Colebrook- Tunisia. Fifth edition. Lonely Planet. Collar NJ and Fishpool LDC. 2006. What is Fishpool LD. 1999. Little-known African Robjent JFR. 2014. There are two distinct, Pogoniulus makawai? Bulletin of the African Williams E. 1997. Birding in the Usambara bird: Baumann's Greenbul Phyllastrephus no immediately related species of Miombo Bird Club 13: 18–27. Mountains, Tanzania. Bulletin of the African baumanni. Bulletin of the African Bird Club Double-collared Sunbirds: Cinnyris manoensis Bird Club 4: 111–115. Cordeiro NJ, Pohjonen VM and Mulungu 6: 137. and C. gertrudis. Honeyguide 60: 54–61. E. 2001. Is the endangered Long-billed Williams L. 2012. Nigeria. Third edition. Fishpool LCD. 2006. Is the bulbul Johnson JA, Watson RT and Mindell DP. (Moreau's) Tailorbird Orthotomus [Artisornis] Bradt Travel Guides. 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530 | Supplements Supplements | 531 Kirwan GM, Schweizer M and Copete JL. Mills MSL and Rogerson M. 2013. How to Ramos JA. 2000. Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula Algerian Birds Yahoo Group that Hume’s Owl Strix butleri (A. O. Hume, world’s rarest duck. Bulletin of the African Bird 31–33. Angola Birders Email Group SUPPLEMENTS unnamed species (Aves: Non-Passeriformes: Mills MSL, Melo M and Vaz A. 2011. Black- 1: 10–11. Strigidae). Zootaxa 3904: 28–50. Ascension Island Government tailed Cisticola Cisticola melanurus in eastern Shaw P and Mungaya E. 2006. The status and Leonard P and Beel C. 1999. Two new Angola: behavioural notes and the first habitat of Karamoja Apalis Apalis karamojae resident birds in northern Zambia. Bulletin of photographs and sound recordings. Bulletin of Association Nature Initiative Tanzania. Bird Conservation International 16: Lewis A. 1996. In search of the Badanga. Monticelli D, Koroma AP and Bannah D. 97–111. Atlas of the Birds of Mauritania Bulletin of the African Bird Club 3: 131–132. 2015. Observations of Rufous Fishing Owl in Shirihai H, Pym T, Román MS and Sierra Leone. Bulletin of the African Bird Club Lotz CN, Caddick JA, Forner M and Cherry Bretagnolle V. 2014. The Critically 22: 183–189. Azores Bird Club MI. 2013. Beyond just species: Is Africa the Endangered Mascarene Petrel Pseudobulweria most taxonomically diverse bird continent? Monticelli D and Legrand V. 2009a. Algerian aterrima: identification and behaviour at sea, South African Journal of Science 109: 4 pp. Nuthatch: a photographic trip. Dutch Birding historical discovery of breeding sites, and Bahr-el-Jebel Safaris 31: 247–251. breeding ecology on Réunion, Indian Ocean. Maclean I, Musinak J, Nalianyab N, Mahood Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 134: S, Martin R and Byuaruhanga A. 2002. Monticelli D and Legrand V. 2009b. Birding Africa 194–223. Systematics, distribution and vocalisations Identification of Algerian Nuthatch. Birding of Papyrus Yellow Warbler Chloropeta World 22: 333–335. Svensson L. 2015. A new North African Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program 10: 94–100. coelebs. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Masanga A, Plumptre AJ, Kujirakwinja D Club 135: 69–76. Bird Watching in Senegal W. 2005. The effects of forest fragmentation 29–38 in Plumptre AJ, Kujirakwinja D, Voelker G, Tobler M, Prestridge HL, Duijm on the population density and distribution Matunguru J, Kahindo C, Kaleme P, Marks E, Groenenberg D, Hutchinson MR, Martin Birding Canarias of the globally endangered B and Huhndorfe M. Biodiversity Surveys in AD, Nieman A, Roselaar CS and Huntley Malimbus ibadanensis and other malimbe the Misotshi-Kabogo and Marungu Regions JW. 2016. Three new species of Stiphrornis Birding in Rwanda 275–285. Albertine Rift Technical Reports 5: 29–38. with a molecular phylogenetic assessment of the genus. Systematics and Biodiversity DOI: Birding Madeira Madge SC and Redman NJ. 1989. The Nichols RK, Phillips P, Jones CG and 10.1080/14772000.2016.1226978. existence of a form of cliff swallow Hirundo Woolaver LG. 2002. Status of the critically sp. in Ethiopia. Scopus 13: 126–129. endangered Foudia rubra Birding Sudan in 2001. Bulletin of the African Bird Club 9: Mills MSL, Borrow N, Francis J and Cohen C. 95–100. WEBSITES & EMAIL GROUPS Submitted. English bird Names in common Birding Tanzania use: a proposal to achieve a stable world list Oatley G, Bowie RCK and Crowe TM. 2011. Africa Infrastructure Knowledge Program despite ongoing taxonomic changes. Bulletin The use of subspecies in the systematics Birding Tunisia entities or eco-geographic variants. Journal of Mills MSL and Cohen C. 2015. Are Yellow- African Bird Club Zoology 284: 21–30. BirdLife Data Zone throated Seedeater Crithagra flavigula and BirdLife South Africa Birding Routes 190–195. Bird Club 4: 109–110. African Parks Birds Angola Aldabra Marine Programme Birdwatching in Eritrea atwebpages.com/birdwatching_in_eritrea/>

532 | Supplements Supplements | 533 Cape Birding Route Reunion Island West African Bird Database Madeira Islands: The Portuguese Society for the Study of Birds Cape Town Pelagics Reunion Tourist Board Wiki Travel Malawi: Wildlife and Environmental Society of

SUPPLEMENTS Malawi SUPPLEMENTS Zululand Birding Route Climate Data Royal Mail Ship Mayotte Island: Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux Cloud Birders Sahara Conservation Fund Morocco: Groupe de Recherche pour la The Diamond Birding Route BIRDLIFE PARTNERS Protection des Oiseaux au Maroc SGTM Aldabra: see Seychelles Dzanga-Sangha NP St Helena Government Mauritania: Nature Mauritania Ascension Island: see St Helena Eastern Cape Birding St Helena Tourism Botswana: BirdLife Botswana Nigeria: Nigerian Conservation Foundation Ethiobirdsnet Yahoo Group Birds Oiseaux Foreign & Commonwealth Office Travel Seychelles Island Foundation Burkina Faso: Fondation des Amis de la Rwanda: Association pour la Conservation de Nature la Nature au Rwanda Friends of Soqotra South African National Antarctic Programme Burundi: Association Burundaise pour la - Gough Great Limpopo Birding Route Cameroon: Cameroon Biodiversity of Birds South African National Antarctic Programme Conservation Society Seychelles: Nature Seychelles – Marion marion/sanap_marion.html>. Sierra Leone: The Conservation Society of Southern African Bird Atlas Project Kenya Birding Email Group google.com/forum/#!forum/kenyabirding> Southern African Birding Madeira Birds Egypt: Nature Conservation Egypt South Africa: BirdLife South Africa Southern African Birdnet History Society Tanzania Bird Atlas Mount Moco Ghana: Ghana Wildlife Society Tunisia: Association Les Amis des Oiseaux Namibian Bird Club Tanzania Bird Email Group Gough Island: see St Helena Uganda: Nature Uganda yahoo.com/neo/groups/tanzaniabirds/info> The Natural History Book Store Ivory Coast: SOS-FORETS Tiwai Island Western Sahara: see Morocco. The Tristan da Cunha Website Les Naturalistes de Mayotte Kenya: Nature Kenya Zambia: BirdWatch Zambia XE Currency Portuguese Rarities Committee Liberia: The Society for Conservation of Nature Zimbabwe: BirdLife Zimbabwe in Liberia portuguese-rarities-committee/> Madagascar: Asity Madagascar

534 | Supplements Supplements | 535 APPS Kingdon eMammals of Africa. Available for King Quail Excalfactoria chinensis: native Western Barn Owl Tyto alba: native to Africa, Apple from App Store and Windows from to India, se Asia & Australia. Introduced to Eurasia and the Americas. Introduced to Collins Bird Guide App. Available for Apple Microsoft Store. Réunion & Mauritius (likely extinct). Seychelles & St Helena. from App Store and Android from Google SUPPLEMENTS Play. Rare Bird Alert. Available for Apple from App Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica: native to Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus: native to SUPPLEMENTS Store and Android from Google Play. India. Introduced to Réunion. Australia. There is a feral population at Santa eGuide to Birds of East Africa. Available for Cruz on Tenerife, Canary Islands (extinct?). Apple from App Store, Android from Google Roberts VII Multimedia Birds of Southern Red Gallus gallus: native to India Play and Windows from Microsoft Store. Africa. Available for Apple from App Store and se Asia. Introduced to Réunion. Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri: and Android from Google Play. native to Africa north of the equator and Common Phasianus colchicus: native eGuide to Mammals of Southern Africa. India. Introduced to Mauritius, Réunion, Sasol eBirds of Southern Africa. Available for to Asia. Introduced to St Helena, Azores, Available for Apple from App Store, Android South Africa, Djibouti, Morocco & Apple from App Store, Android from Google Canary Islands, Morocco and Madeira. from Google Play and Windows from Macaronesia. Play and Windows from Microsoft Store. Microsoft Store. Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus: native to India. Red-headed Lovebird Agapornis pullarius: Feral populations exist in South Africa. native to Africa. Introduced to São Tomé Is. aethiopicus: Fischer's Lovebird Agapornis fischeri: endemic native to Africa. Introduced to Canary to Tanzania. Feral populations exist in Kenya. Islands. Species Appendices Yellow-collared Lovebird Agapornis Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus: personatus: endemic to Tanzania. Feral native to Africa & Eurasia. Introduced to St populations exist in Kenya. Helena. INTRODUCED & FERAL Northern Bobwhite virginianus: Senegal Parrot Poicephalus senegalus: native to Madagascar Buttonquail Turnix nigricollis: native to North America. Introduced to West Africa. Introduced to Canary Islands. This is a list of introduced birds with extant native to Madagascar. The population on Juan Azores. populations in the region. It does not include de Nova Is thought to be introduced. Monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus: native reintroductions or introductions of native Chukar Partridge Alectoris chukar: native to South America. Introduced to Canary Rock Dove Columba livia: native to North birds to other parts of a territory, made to the Middle East & Asia. Introduced to Islands. Africa & Eurasia. Introduced birds, called usually for conservation purposes on islands. Robben Is in South Africa & St Helena Is. Feral Pigeon, can be found throughout sub- Nanday Parakeet Aratinga nenday: native to Barbary Partridge Alectoris barbara: native to Saharan Africa and on many islands. South America. Introduced to Canary Islands. North Africa. Introduced to Canary Islands. Fulvous Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor: Madagascar Turtle Dove Nesoenas picturatus House Crow splendens: native to native to Africa, India and the Americas. Red-legged Partridge Alectoris rufa: native picturatus: native to Madagascar. Introduced India. Introduced to the east coast of Africa, Introduced to Réunion. to sw Europe. Introduced to Algeria, Azores, to Mauritius, Réunion and the granitic Mauritius and Madagascar. Madeira & Canary Islands. Seychelles. It hybridises with the local White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus: subspecies (rostrata) in the Seychelles. viduata: native to Africa & South America. Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus: native to s Asia. Introduced to Mauritius, Introduced to Mauritius. native to India. Introduced to Mauritius, African Collared Dove Streptopelia Réunion, Canary Islands & Seychelles. Réunion, Seychelles & St Helena Is. roseogrisea: native to Africa. Introduced to Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata: native to Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea: native Canary Islands. South America. Introduced to Canary Islands. Red-necked Spurfowl Pternistis afer: native to to e Asia. Introduced to Réunion & Canary Africa. Introduced to Ascension. Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis: native to s Islands. Mallard Anas platyrhynchos: native to the Asia. Introduced to Mauritius. northern hemisphere, including North Africa. Madagascar Partridge Margaroperdix Acridotheres tristis: native to Introduced to South Africa & Mauritius. madagascariensis: native to Madagascar. Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis: s Asia. Introduced to South Africa and many Introduced to Réunion & Mauritius, but native to Africa, the Middle East & India. islands. Meller's Duck Anas melleri: native to possibly extinct. Introduced to Mauritius. Madagascar. Introduced to Mauritius. Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris: native to Common Quail Coturnix coturnix: native to Zebra Dove Geopelia striata: native to se Asia. the Palaearctic. Introduced to South Africa. Helmeted Guineafowl Numida meleagris: Africa, Madagascar & Eurasia. Introduced to Introduced to Seychelles, Réunion, Mauritius native to Africa. Introduced to Cape Verde, House Sparrow Passer domesticus: native to Mauritius & Réunion. & St Helena Is. Azores, Canary Islands, Madagascar, the Palaearctic. Introduced to sub-Saharan Mauritius & Comoros. Africa and many islands.

536 | Supplements Supplements | 537 Spanish Sparrow Passer hispaniolensis: native Yellow Canary Crithagra flaviventris: native to to the w Palaearctic. Introduced to Madeira. Southern Africa. Introduced to St Helena & Glossary and Abbreviations Ascension. Spotted-backed Weaver collaris: native * - symbol indicating endemism (see pp 127 N= notes on species (in red text) SUPPLEMENTS to East & Southern Africa. Introduced to Cape Canary Serinus canicollis: native to SUPPLEMENTS and 277 for details of usage and colours) Mauritius & Réunion. Southern Africa. Introduced to Réunion. n / nc / ne / nw - northern / north-central / 1/2 - One-of-Two territories (see p 278) north-eastern / north-western Red-billed Quelea quelea: native to European Greenfinch Chloris chloris: native to Africa. Introduced to Réunion. the Palaearctic. Introduced to Azores. ATM - Automated Teller Machine (banking) NE - Near-Endemic (see p 278) Ploceus manyar: native to s Carduelis carduelis: B2 - Best-Two territories (see p 278) NP - National Park Asia. Introduced to the Nile Delta in Egypt. native to the Palaearctic. Introduced Azores. br - breeding NR - Nature Reserve Madagascar Fody Foudia madagascariensis: native to Madagascar. Introduced to most BT - Best-Territory (see p 278) paraphyletic - of multiple origins; members UNCONFIRMED of a group are not each other's closest relatives other Indian Ocean Islands & St Helena. c - central parent taxon/parent species - the species Golden-backed Bishop aureus: This incomplete list includes sp that have CAR - Central African Republic native to Angola. Introduced to São Tomé. been reported for the region, but for which or subspecies described first. This means the identification or origin (captive versus conspecific - the same species that its scientific name takes priority if other Blue Waxbill Uraeginthus angolensis: native to wild) is in question. species are lumped with it. The specific Southern Africa. Introduced to São Tomé Is. DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule name of parent species is reported in square that carries genetic instructions/codes parentheses for splits from the IOC List Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild: native to Africa. Introduced to many islands. Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata: recorded DR Congo - Democratic Republic of Congo PM - Palaearctic Migrant from Morocco, where thought to have e / ec - eastern / eastern-central Orange-cheeked Waxbill Estrilda melpoda: escaped from a wildfowl collection. Res - Reserve native to Africa. Introduced to Canary EBA - Endemic Bird Area Islands. Falcated Duck Anas falcata: one record from sister taxon - the closest relative; generally a the Canary Islands is probably of a bird EN - Endemic (see p 278) species or subspecies Red Avadavat Amandava amandava: native to escaped from captivity. se Asia & India. Introduced to Nile Delta in endemic - confined geographically to a s / sc / se / sw - southern / south-central / Egypt, Canary Islands & Réunion. Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis: records specific area or region south-eastern / south-western from North Africa are probably of vagrant SA - depends on the context; either South Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata: feral birds from s Europe. ESS - Endemic Sub-Species Africa or Secondary Area (in reference to native to s Asia. Introduced to Réunion & GR - Game Reserve Mauritius. Fulmar Prion Pachyptila crassirostris: one Endemic Bird Areas) specimen collected in 1841 labelled as GBP - British Pound (Sterling) sp - species Java Sparrow Lonchura oryzivora: native to from 'Cape of Good Hope' may have been Java Is of Indonesia. Introduced to St Helena incorrectly labelled. IAM - Intra-African Migrant specific name - scientific names are usually and Pemba & Zanzibar Is off Tanzania. given as a binomial; the first part is the genus Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler Locustella ID - identification name, the second part the specific name Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica: native certhiola: one claimed sight record from IOC - International Ornithological to India. Introduced to the Middle East from Morocco. Committee SSA - Sub-Saharan Africa where it spread into Egypt. Roseate Platalea ajaja: one Is - Island or Islands sympatric - occurring together Pin-tailed Whydah Vidua macroura: native to unconfirmed report from the Azores. Africa. Introduced to Réunion. Mt / Mts - Mountain / Mountains trinomial - the scientific name is given in Balearic Warbler Sylvia : breeds on three parts, the usual genus and specific Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs: native to the Balearic Is off Spain and may occasionally molecular phylogeny - an evolutionary tree name, followed by the subspecies name. the Palaearctic. Introduced to sw South Africa visit the adjacent North African coastline. constructed from molecular data, such as USD - United States Dollar (gengleri). There are not any records yet. DNA UK - United Kingdom of Great Britain & Yellow-fronted Canary Crithagra mozambica: Italian Sparrow Passer italiae: may monotypic - of only one type; usually used Northern Ireland native to Africa. Introduced to Mauritius & occasionally occur in North Africa. when a species has only one subspecies, or a Réunion. genus has only one species w / wc - western - western / western-central

538 | Supplements Supplements | 539 Quick Index - English Group Names Magpie-Robin ...... 260, 465 Quail ...... 136, 289–90 Sugarbird ...... 252, 453 Accentor ...... 270, 506 -plover ...... 166, 322 Goshawk ...... 156, 310–1 ...... SUPPLEMENTS Malimbe 265, 494 Quelea 265, 495 Sunbird 262, 478–85 SUPPLEMENTS Akalat ...... 260, 460–71 Crake ...... 160, 318–9 Grassbird .. 237, 246, 421, 430 Mannikin ...... 266, 504 Rail ...... 159, 160, 316–8 Sunbird-Asity ...... 209, 379 Albatross ...... 140, 292–3 ...... 162, 320 Grebe ...... 143, 297–8 Martin ...... 236, 417–21 Raven ...... 222, 399 Swallow ...... 236, 417–22 Alethe ...... 260, 493, 468 Creeper ...... 255, 256, 455 Greenbul ...... 234, 412–7 Mesite ...... 159, 316 Redshank ...... 171, 327 Swamphen ...... 160, 319 Antpecker ...... 266, 497–8 Crested Flycatcher ...... Grosbeak/Grosbeak-Canary ... Mockingbird ...... 256, 456 Redstart ..... 260, 273, 472, 516 Swan ...... 132, 281 Apalis ...... 244, 438–440 ...... 221, 228, 396, 400–1 ...... 272, 275, 511–3, 519 Moorhen ...... 161, 319 Reedling ...... 231, 403 Swift/Swiftlet...... 186, 353–5 Asity ...... 209, 379 Crimsonwing ...... 266, 499 Ground Hornbill ...... 199, 363 Mousebird ...... 187, 356 Robin/Robin-Chat ...... Tailorbird ...... 244, 443 Auk ...... 175, 335 Crombec ...... 237, 422 Ground Roller ...... 192, 358 Negrofinch/Nigrita... 265, 498 ...... 251, 260, 453, 464–72 Tanager ...... 275, 519 Avocet ...... 165, 322 Crow ...... 222, 397–8 Guillemot ...... 175, 335 Nicator ...... 231, 402–3 Rock Thrush...... 260, 472–3 Tchagra ...... 214, 386–7 Babbler ...... 247–9, 445–50 Cuckoo ...... 180, 344–6 Guineafowl ...... 134, 284–5 Nightingale ...... 260, 471–2 Rockfowl ...... 224, 398 Tern ...... 173, 331–4 Barbet ...... 202, 366–70 Cuckoo Roller ...... 189, 357 Gull ...... 173, 331–3 Nightjar ...... 184, 350–3 Rockjumper ...... 223, 399 Tetraka ...... 246, 430–1 Batis ...... 211, 380–2 Cuckoo-finch ...... 268, 506 Hamerkop ...... 148, 303 Noddy ...... 173, 330–1 Rockrunner ...... 237, 421 Thrush ...... Bee-eater ...... 196, 360–2 Cuckoo-Hawk ...... 156, 308 Harrier/Harrier-Hawk ...... Nuthatch ...... 255, 455 Roller ..... 189, 190, 192, 357–8 ...... 259, 260, 460–3, 471–3 Bishop ...... 265, 495–6 Cuckooshrike ...... 213, 390–1 ...... 156, 307, 311–2 Oliveback ...... 266, 498 Sandpiper ...... 171, 327–9 Thrush-Babbler ...... Bittern ...... 147, 301 ...... 171, 327 Hawk/Hawk-Eagle ...... Oriole .... 219, 273, 394–5, 516 Sandgrouse ...... 176, 336–7 ...... 247, 249, 443, 447 Blackcap ...... 249, 447 Darter ...... 153, 306 ...... 156, 307–13 Osprey ...... 157, 307 Saw-wing ...... 236, 417 Tinkerbird ...... 202, 367–8 Bluebill ...... 266, 499–500 Dipper ...... 262, 477 Helmetshrike ...... 212, 383–4 Ostrich ...... 131, 280 Scimitarbill ...... 198, 363 Tit 229, 230, 242, 400–3, 424 Booby ...... 151, 305 Dove ...... 177, 337–40 Heron ...... 147, 301–3 Owl/Owlet . 181, 182, 346–50 Scrub Robin ...... 260, 464 Tit-Babbler ...... 249, 449 Boubou ...... 214, 387–9 Dowitcher ...... 171, 327 Hobby ...... 206, 376 Oxpecker ...... 258, 460 Scrub Warbler ...... 239, 423 Treecreeper ...... 256, 455 Bristlebill ...... 234, 416–7 Drongo ...... 220, 395 Honeybird ...... 205, 370 Oxylabes ...... 246, 430–1 Seedcracker ...... 266, 499 ...... 188, 356 Broadbill ...... 209, 379 Duck ...... 132, 280 Honeyguide ...... 205, 370–1 Oystercatcher ...... 165, 322 Seedeater ...... 272, 511–4 Tropicbird ...... 144, 298–9 Brownbul ...... 234, 415 Eagle ...... 156, 307–12 Hoopoe ...... 195, 196, 362–3 Painted-snipe ...... 169, 326 Shag ...... 152, 306 Turaco ...... 178, 341–2 Brubru ...... 214, 389 Eagle-Owl ...... 182, 348 Hornbill ...... 199, 200, 363–6 Palm Thrush...... 260, 471 Shearwater ...... 141, 296–7 Twinspot ...... 266, 499–500 Bulbul ...... 234, 411–7 Egret ...... 147, 302–3 Hylia ...... 241, 424 Paradise Flycatcher ...... Sheathbill ...... 164, 321 Vanga ...... 216, 389–91 Bullfinch ...... 272, 510 Eremomela ...... 244, 442–3 Hyliota ...... 254, 454 ...... 221, 396–7 Shoebill ...... 149, 303 Vireo ...... 219, 394 Bunting ...... 274–5, 516–9 Falcon ...... 206, 374–7 Hypocolius ...... 228, 399 Parisoma ...... 249, 449 Shorttail ...... 270, 510 ...... 157, 307–8 Bushshrike ...... 214, 384–8 Finch ...... 262, 266, 272, 275, Ibis ...... 146, 300 Parrot ...... 205, 208, 377–9 Shrike .... 211, 218, 383, 391–4 Wagtail ...... 270, 506–7 Bustard ...... 158, 314–5 .... 487–8, 498–503, 510–5, 519 Illadopsis .. 247, 251, 444, 453 Partridge ...... 136, 138, 285–90 Silverbill ...... 266, 504 Wallcreeper ...... 255, 455 Buttonquail ...... 163, 320–1 Finfoot ...... 160, 317 Indigobird ...... 268, 504–5 Pelican ...... 150, 304 Siskin ...... 272, 513–5 Warbler ...... Buzzard ...... 156, 308–13 Firecrest ...... 253, 453 Jacana ...... 170, 326 Penduline Tit ...... 230, 402 Skimmer ...... 173, 331 ...... 37–46, 273, 422–50, 516 Camaroptera ...... 244, 441 Firefinch ...... 266, 500–1 Jaeger ...... 174, 335 Penguin ...... 139, 290–1 Skua ...... 174, 335 Waterthrush ...... 273, 515–6 Canary ...... 272, 512–5 Fiscal ...... 218, 393–4 Jay ...... 222, 394 Petrel ...... 141, 142, 291–7 Snipe ...... 169, 171, 326–7 Wattle-eye ...... 211, 383 Catbird ...... 249, 256, 447, 456 Flamingo ...... 143, 298 Jery ...... 244, 246, 431 Petronia ...... 264, 488 Social Weaver ...... 264, 486 Waxbill ...... 266, 501–3 Chaffinch ...... 272, 510 Flufftail ...... 156, 316–7 Kestrel ...... 206, 374–6 Phalarope ...... 171, 329 Sparrow/Sparrow-Weaver ...... Waxwing ...... 228, 399 Chat ...... 260, 466–77 Flycatcher ...... 210, 211, 216 Kingbird ...... 210, 380 Picathartes ...... 224, 398 ...... 264, 274, 485–88, 518 Weaver ...... 264, 265, 485–95 Chatterer ...... 248, 445 ... 221, 228, 240, 260, 381, 390 Kingfisher ...... 194, 358–60 Piculet ...... 204, 372 Sparrowhawk ...... 156, 310–11 Wheatear ...... 260, 475–7 Chiffchaff ...... 242, 426 ...... 397–8, 400–1, 423, 465–77 Kite ...... 156, 307–12 Pigeon ...... 177, 337–41 Sparrow-Lark ...... 232, 405–6 White-eye ...... 250, 451–3 Chough ...... 222, 397 Fody ...... 265, 495 Korhaan ...... 158, 314–5 Pipit ...... 270, 507–10 Speirops ...... 250, 450–1 Whydah ...... 268, 505 Cisticola ...... 244, 431–7 Francolin ...... 136, 138, 285–9 Lapwing ...... 167, 323–4 Pitta ...... 210, 380 Spinetail ...... 186, 353–4 Widowbird ...... 265, 496–7 Citril ...... 272, 511 Frigatebird ...... 151, 304 Lark ...... 232, 403–11 Plantain-eater ...... 178, 343 Spoonbill ...... 146, 300–1 ...... 198, 262–3 Coot ...... 160, 319 Gallinule ...... 160, 319 Leaflove ...... 234, 414 Plover ...... 167, 168, 323–5 Spot-throat ...... 251, 453 Woodpecker ...... 204, 372–4 Cordon-bleu ...... 266, 501 Gannet ...... 151, 305 Longbill ...... 237, 421-2 Pratincole ...... 172, 330 Starling ...... 257, 456–60 Wren ...... 254, 455 Cormorant ...... 152, 305–6 Go-away-bird ...... 178, 342 Longclaw ...... 270, 507 Prinia ...... 244, 436–7 Stilt ...... 165, 322 Wren-Warbler ...... 244, 441–2 Coua ...... 180, 343–4 Godwit ...... 171, 327 Loon ...... 138, 290 Prion ...... 141, 294 Stint ...... 171, 328 Wryneck ...... 204, 371 Coucal ...... 180, 343–4 Gonolek ...... 214, 389 Lovebird ...... 205, 379 Puffback ...... 214, 387 Stonechat ...... 260, 474–5 Yellowbill ...... 180, 344 Courser ...... 172, 329–30 Goose ...... 132, 280–2 Magpie ...... 222, 394 Pytilia ...... 266, 498 Stork ...... 145, 299 Yellowbrow ...... 246 , 431

540 | Supplements Supplements | 541 Quick Index - Scientific Family Names Quick Index - Country Accounts

Accipitridae ...... 156, 307 Gruidae ...... 162, 320 Picidae ...... 204, 371 Abd el Kuri Island ...... see Socotra Madeira Islands (Portugal) ...... 75 SUPPLEMENTS SUPPLEMENTS Acrocephalidae ...... 243, 426 Haematopodidae ...... 165, 322 Pittidae ...... 210, 380 Aldabra Group of Islands (Seychelles) ...... 23 Malawi ...... 76 Aegithalidae ...... 242, 424 Heliornithidae ...... 160, 317 Platysteiridae ...... 211, 380 Algeria ...... 24 Mali ...... 78 Alaudidae ...... 232, 403 Hirundinidae ...... 236, 417 Ploceidae ...... 265, 488 Angola ...... 25 Marion Island ...... see Prince Edward Islands Alcedinidae ...... 194, 358 Hydrobatidae ...... 142, 293 Pluvianidae ...... 168, 325 Annobón Island ...... see Equatorial Guinea Mauritania ...... 79 Alcidae ...... 175, 335 Hyliidae ...... 241, 424 Podicipedidae ...... 143, 297 Ascension Island (United Kingdom) ...... 28 Mauritius (+ Rodrigues Island) ...... 80 Anatidae ...... 132, 280 Hyliotidae ...... 254, 454 Prionopidae ...... 212, 383 Azores Islands (Portugal) ...... 29 Mayotte Island (France) ...... 81 Anhingidae ...... 153, 306 Hypocoliidae ...... 228, 399 Procellariidae ...... 141, 294 Benin ...... 30 Morocco ...... 83 Apodidae ...... 186, 353 Icteridae ...... 273, 516 Promeropidae ...... 252, 453 Bioko Island ...... see Equatorial Guinea Mozambique ...... 85 Arcanatoridae ...... 251, 453 Indicatoridae ...... 205, 370 Prunellidae ...... 270, 506 Botswana ...... 31 Namibia ...... 86 Ardeidae ...... 147, 301 Jacanidae ...... 170, 326 Psittacidae ...... 208, 377 Burkina Faso ...... 33 Niger ...... 88 Balaenicipitidae ...... 149, 303 Laniidae ...... 218, 391 Psittaculidae ...... 205, 378 Burundi ...... 34 Nigeria ...... 89 Bernieridae ...... 246, 430 Laridae ...... 173, 330 Pteroclidae ...... 176, 336 Cameroon ...... 35 Nightingale Island ...... see Tristan da Cunha Bombycillidae ...... 228, 399 Leiothrichidae ...... 248, 444 Pycnonotidae ...... 234, 411 Canary Islands (Spain) ...... 38 Pemba Island ...... see Tanzania Brachypteraciidae ...... 192, 358 Leptosomidae ...... 189, 357 Rallidae ...... 160, 317 Cape Verde ...... 39 Príncipe Island ...... see São Tomé & Príncipe Bucerotidae ...... 200, 363 Locustellidae ...... 246, 428 Recurvirostridae ...... 165, 322 Central African Republic (CAR) ...... 41 Prince Edward Islands (South Africa) ...... 91 Bucorvidae ...... 199, 363 Lybiidae ...... 202, 366 Regulidae ...... 253, 453 Chad ...... 42 Réunion Island (France) ...... 92 Buphagidae ...... 258, 460 Macrosphenidae ...... 237, 421 Remizidae ...... 230, 402 Comoros (excluding Mayotte) ...... 43 Rodrigues Island ...... see Mauritius Burhinidae ...... 164, 321 Malaconotidae ...... 214, 384 Rostratulidae ...... 169, 326 Congo, Republic ...... 45 Rwanda ...... 93 Calcariidae ...... 275, 519 Meropidae ...... 196, 360 Sagittariidae ...... 154, 306 Congo, Democratic Rep. (DR Congo ) ...... 46 St Helena Island (United Kingdom) ...... 94 Campephagidae ...... 213, 390 Mesitornithidae ...... 159, 316 Sarothruridae ...... 159, 316 Côte d'Ivoire ...... see Ivory Coast São Tomé and Príncipe ...... 96 Caprimulgidae ...... 184, 350 Mimidae ...... 256, 456 Scolopacidae ...... 171, 326 Djibouti ...... 48 Senegal ...... 97 Cardinalidae ...... 275, 519 Monarchidae ...... 221, 396 Scopidae ...... 148, 303 Egypt ...... 49 Seychelles (excluding Aldabra Group) ...... 98 Certhiidae ...... 256, 455 Motacillidae ...... 270, 506 Scotocercidae ...... 239, 423 Equatorial Guinea (+ Bioko & Annobón) .... 50 Sierra Leone ...... 100 Cettiidae ...... 238, 423 Muscicapidae ...... 260, 463 Sittidae ...... 255, 455 Eritrea ...... 52 Socotra Island (Yemen) ...... 101 Chaetopidae ...... 223, 399 Musophagidae ...... 178, 341 Smithornithidae ...... 209, 379 Ethiopia ...... 53 Somalia (excluding Somaliland) ...... 102 Charadriidae ...... 167, 323 Nectariniidae ...... 262, 478 Spheniscidae ...... 139, 290 Gabon ...... 56 Somaliland ...... 103 Chionidae ...... 164, 321 Nicatoridae ...... 231, 402 Stenostiridae ...... 228, 399 Gambia ...... 58 South Africa ...... 105 Ciconiidae ...... 145, 299 Numididae ...... 134, 284 Stercorariidae ...... 174, 335 Ghana ...... 59 South Sudan ...... 108 Cinclidae ...... 262, 477 Oceanitidae ...... 142, 291 Strigidae ...... 182, 346 Gough Island (Tristan da Cunha, UK) ...... 61 Sudan ...... 110 ...... 244, 431 Odontophoridae ...... 138, 285 Struthionidae ...... 131, 280 Granitic Seychelles Islands ...... see Seychelles Swaziland ...... 111 Coliidae ...... 187, 356 Oriolidae ...... 219, 394 Sturnidae ...... 257, 456 Guinea ...... 62 Tanzania ...... 112 ...... 177, 337 Otididae ...... 158, 314 Sulidae ...... 151, 305 Guinea-Bissau ...... 63 Togo ...... 115 Coraciidae ...... 190, 357 Pandionidae ...... 156, 307 ...... 249, 447 Inaccessible Island ...... see Tristan da Cunha Tristan da Cunha Islands (UK) ...... 116 Corvidae ...... 222, 397 Panuridae ...... 231, 403 Thraupidae ...... 275, 518 Ivory Coast ...... 64 Tunisia ...... 117 Cuculidae ...... 180, 343 Paridae ...... 229, 400 ...... 146, 300 Kenya ...... 65 Uganda ...... 118 Dicruridae ...... 220, 395 Parulidae ...... 273, 515 Tichodromidae ...... 255, 455 Lesotho ...... 68 Western Sahara ...... 121 Diomedeidae ...... 140, 292 Passeridae ...... 264, 485 Troglodytidae ...... 254, 455 Liberia ...... 69 Zambia ...... 122 Dromadidae ...... 166, 322 Pelecanidae ...... 150, 304 Trogonidae ...... 188, 356 Libya ...... 70 Zanzibar Island ...... see Tanzania Emberizidae ...... 274, 516 Pellorneidae ...... 247, 443 Turdidae ...... 259, 460 Madagascar ...... 72 Zimbabwe ...... 124 Erythrocercidae ...... 240, 423 Phaethontidae ...... 144, 298 Turnicidae ...... 163, 320 Estrildidae ...... 266, 497 Phalacrocoracidae ..... 152, 305 Tyrannidae ...... 210, 380 Eurylaimidae ...... 209, 379 Phasianidae ...... 136, 285 Tytonidae ...... 181, 346 Falconidae ...... 206, 374 Philepittidae ...... 209, 379 Upupidae ...... 195, 362 Fregatidae ...... 151, 304 Phoenicopteridae ...... 143, 298 Vangidae ...... 216, 389 Fringillidae ...... 272, 510 Phoeniculidae ...... 198, 362 Viduidae ...... 268, 504 Gaviidae ...... 138, 290 Phylloscopidae ...... 242, 424 Vireonidae ...... 219, 394 Glareolidae ...... 172, 329 Picathartidae ...... 224, 398 Zosteropidae ...... 250, 450 Supplements | 543 44c RANK ISLAND TERRITORY PAGE 32 12 São Tomé & Príncipe 96 27b 13b Comoros (Grande Comore, Anjouan & Mohéli Is) 43 18 Socotra (+ Abd-al-Kuri Is; Yemen) 101 19b Seychelles (- Aldabra Group) 98 21 Mauritius (+ Rodrigues) 80 23 18 23 Cape Verde 39 24 Réunion (France) 92 27a Tristan da Cunha (- Gough; United Kingdom) 116 34b 27b Canary Islands (Spain) 38

32 Madeira including the Desertas Is (Portugal) 75 12 19b 33 Aldabra Group (Seychelles) 23 51b 13b 33 34b Bioko & Annobón (Equatorial Guinea) 50 36 Mayotte (France) 81 36 38 Gough (Tristan da Cunha; United Kingdom) 61 51a 44c Azores (Portugal) 29 21 50 Prince Edward Islands (+ Marion; South Africa) 91 24 51a St Helena (United Kingdom) 94 51b Ascension (United Kingdom) 28 27a *Ranks are the ranks of the Bird Importance Score for each territory; see 38 p 9 for details. This map includes only smaller island territories; see the 50 inside front cover for mainland states and Madagascar.