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Introduction: The present study guide is unique in the sense that it encompasses both classic and most recent literature (2015) in the field of Endodontics. By combining the important studies most commonly repeated in the previously available lit review guides, as well as the recent noteworthy current literature, our goal is to create a comprehensive guide for aspiring endodontists who are preparing to become board certified. Also, heavy emphasis was placed on the clinical relevance of the studies in order to create a resource that would aid endodontists in their endeavor to practice the best evidence-based endodontics. The material used to put this guide together includes Dr. Peter Z. Tawil and Dr. Keith Krell’s study guides in addition to all the study materials made available by the College of Diplomates. We acknowledge the work that has been done to put the above-mentioned resources together and hope residents and board candidates would find this guide helpful as they prepare for the process of board certification. Dr. Andre Mickel, DDS MSD Chairman and Director of Postdoctorate Program, Dept. of Endodontics, CWRU School of Dental Medicine, And Past President of the College of Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics Navid Khalighinejad Postgraduate student, Dept. of Endodontics, CWRU School of Dental Medicine. 2 Topic list: 1) 100 Top-cited articles in Endodontic journals (Anastasia Fardi, JOE) pg.3 2) LEO Vs. NON-LEO pg.8 3) Basics pg.11 4) Diagnosis and testing pg.22 5) Radiographic interpretation pg.28 6) I&D, Trephination and Sinus tract pg.33 7) Microbiology pg.36 8) Endo-Perio lesions pg.43 9) Post and Post space preparation pg.45 10) Flare-up pg.47 11) Medication, Anesthesia and Pain control pg.52 12) Single visit Vs. Multiple visit pg.62 13) Prognosis and success rate pg.65 14) Surgery pg.71 15) Systematic disease Vs. Apical periodontitis pg.77 16) Crack and Vertical root fracture pg.79 17) Micro-leakage pg.81 18) Trauma, Vital pulp therapy, Regeneration and Apexification pg.84 19) Irrigation and Intra-canal medicaments pg.96 20) Instrumentation pg.105 21) Iatrogenic events pg.111 22) Obturation pg.115 23) Non surgical root canal re-treatment pg.120 24) Anatomy pg.124 25) Access preparation pg.129 26) Apex locator pg.131 3 1 Kakehashi S, Stanley HR, Fitzgerald RJ. The effects of surgical exposures of 554 dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1965;20:340–9. 2 Zach L, Cohen G. Pulp response to externally applied heat. Oral Surg Oral Med 384 Oral Pathol 1965;19:515–30. 3 Sjogren U, Hagglund B, Sundqvist G, Wing K. Factors affecting the long-term 370 results of endodontic treatment. J Endod 1990;16:498–504. 4 Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjögren U. Microbiologic analysis of teeth with 358 failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998;85:86–93. 5 Schneider SW. A comparison of canal preparations in straight and curved root 327 canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1971;32:271–5. 6 Sjögren U, Figdor D, Persson S, Sundqvist G. Influence of infection at the time of 283 root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 1997;30:297–306. 7 Molander A, Reit C, Dahlén G, Kvist T. Microbiological status of root-filled teeth 267 with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 1998;31:1–7. 8 Torabinejad M, Hong CU, McDonald F, Pitt Ford TR. Physical and chemical 264 properties of a new root-end filling material. J Endod 1995;21:349–53. 9 Ray HA, Trope M. Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the 258 technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration. Int Endod J 1995;28:12–8. 10 Walia HM, Brantley WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending and 248 torsional properties of Nitinol root canal files. J Endod 1988;14:346–51. 11 Torabinejad M, Chivian N. Clinical applications of mineral trioxide aggregate. J 240 Endod 1999;25:197–205. 12 Torabinejad M, Watson TF, Pitt Ford TR. Sealing ability of a mineral trioxide 238 aggregate when used as a root end filling material. J Endod 1993;19:591–5. 13 Byström A, Sundqvist G. The antibacterial action of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA 227 in 60 cases of endodontic therapy. Int Endod J 1985;18:35–40. 14 Nair PN, Sjögren U, Krey G, Kahnberg KE, Sundqvist G. Intraradicular bacteria 218 and fungi in root-filled, asymptomatic human teeth with therapy-resistant periapical lesions: a long-term light and electron microscopic follow-up study. J Endod 1990;16:580–8. 15 Torabinejad M, Ung B, Kettering JD. In vitro bacterial penetration of coronally 206 unsealed endodontically treated teeth. J Endod 1990;16:566–9. 16 Vertucci FJ. Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth. Oral Surg Oral 206 Med Oral Pathol 1984;58:589–99. 17 Sjögren U, Figdor D, Spångberg L, Sundqvist G. The antimicrobial effect of 204 calcium hydroxide as a short-term intracanal dressing. Int Endod J 1991;24:119– 25. 18 Pruett JP, Clement DJ, Carnes DL Jr. Cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium 199 endodontic instruments. J Endod 1997;23:77–85. 19 Orstavik D, Haapasalo M. Disinfection by endodontic irrigants and dressings of 195 experimentally infected dentinal tubules. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990;6:142–9. 20 Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Endodontic leakage studies reconsidered: part I— 192 methodology, application and relevance. Int Endod J 1993;26:37–43. 4 21 Roane JB, Sabala CL, Duncanson MG Jr. The “balanced force” concept for 190 instrumentation of curved canals. J Endod 1985;11:203–11. 22 Byström A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the effect of 0.5 percent 190 sodium hypochlorite in endodontic therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983;55:307–12. 23 Pineda F, Kuttler Y. Mesiodistal and buccolingual roentgenographic investigation 190 of 7,275 root canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972;33:101–10. 24 Shipper G, Ørstavik D, Teixeira FB, Trope M. An evaluation of microbial leakage in 184 roots filled with a thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material (Resilon). J Endod 2004;30:342–7. 25 Lee SJ, Monsef M, Torabinejad M. Sealing ability of a mineral trioxide aggregate 181 for repair of lateral root perforations. J Endod 1993;19:541–4. 26 Glossen CR, Haller RH, Dove SB, del Rio CE. A comparison of root canal 180 preparations using Ni-Ti hand, Ni-Ti engine-driven, and K-Flex endodontic instruments. J Endod 1995;21:146–51. 27 Andreasen JO, Borum MK, Jacobsen HL, Andreasen FM. Replantation of 400 175 avulsed permanent incisors: 4—factors related to periodontal ligament healing. Endod Dent Traumatol 1995;11:76–89. 28 Yamada RS, Armas A, Goldman M, Lin PS. A scanning electron microscopic 173 comparison of a high volume final flush with several irrigating solutions: part 3. J Endod 1983;9:137–42. 29 Saunders WP, Saunders EM. Coronal leakage as a cause of failure in root-canal 169 therapy: a review. Endod Dent Traumatol 1994;10:105–8. 30 Sundqvist G, Johansson E, Sjögren U. Prevalence of black-pigmented bacteroides 160 species in root canal infections. J Endod 1989;15:13–9. 31 Tronstad L. Root resorption: etiology, terminology and clinical manifestations. 160 Endod Dent Traumatol 1988;4:241–52. 32 Torabinejad M, Pitt Ford TR, McKendry DJ, Abedi HR, Miller DA, Kariyawasam 153 SP. Histologic assessment of mineral trioxide aggregate as a root-end filling in monkeys. J Endod 1997;23:225–8. 33 Torabinejad M, Hong CU, Lee SJ, Monsef M, Pitt Ford TR. Investigation of mineral 151 trioxide aggregate for root-end filling in dogs. J Endod 1995;21:603–8. 34 Spangberg L, Engström B, Langeland K. Biologic effects of dental materials: 3— 150 toxicity and antimicrobial effect of endodontic antiseptics in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973;36:856–71. 35 Swanson K, Madison S. An evaluation of coronal microleakage in endodontically 148 treated teeth: part I—time periods. J Endod 1987;13:56–9. 36 Baumgartner JC, Mader CL. A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of four 147 root canal irrigation regimens. J Endod 1987;13:147–57. 37 Torabinejad M, Rastegar AF, Kettering JD, Pitt Ford TR. Bacterial leakage of 138 mineral trioxide aggregate as a root-end filling material. J Endod 1995;21:109–12. 38 Koh ET, McDonald F, Pitt Ford TR, Torabinejad M. Cellular response to mineral 135 trioxide aggregate. J Endod 1998;24:543–7. 39 Schwartz RS, Robbins JW. Post placement and restoration of endodontically 130 treated teeth: a literature review. J Endod 2004;30:289–301. 40 Sundqvist G. Taxonomy, ecology, and pathogenicity of the root canal flora. Oral 130 Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;78:522–30. 5 41 Sundqvist G. Ecology of the root canal flora. J Endod 1992;18:427–30. 124 42 Torabinejad M, Higa RK, McKendry DJ, Pitt Ford TR. Dye leakage of four root end 123 filling materials: effects of blood contamination. J Endod 1994;20:159–63. 43 Jeansonne MJ, White RR. A comparison of 2.0% chlorhexidine gluconate and 122 5.25% sodium hypochlorite as antimicrobial endodontic irrigants. J Endod 1994;20:276–8. 44 Ciucchi B, Bouillaguet S, Holz J, Pashley D. Dentinal fluid dynamics in human 120 teeth, in vivo. J Endod 1995;21:191–4. 45 Reeh ES, Messer HH, Douglas WH.
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  • Saving Smiles Avulsion Pathway (Page 20) Saving Smiles: Fractures and Displacements (Page 22)

    Saving Smiles Avulsion Pathway (Page 20) Saving Smiles: Fractures and Displacements (Page 22)

    Greater Manchester Local Dental Network SavingSmiles Improving outcomes following dental trauma First Edition I Spring 2017 Practitioners’ Toolkit Contents 04 Introduction to the toolkit from the GM Trauma Network 06 History & examination 10 Maxillo-facial considerations 12 Classification of dento-alveolar injuries 16 The paediatric patient 18 Splinting 20 The AVULSED Tooth 22 The BROKEN Tooth 23 Managing injuries with delayed presentation SavingSmiles 24 Follow up Improving outcomes 26 Long term consequences following dental trauma 28 Armamentarium 29 When to refer 30 Non-accidental injury 31 What should I do if I suspect dental neglect or abuse? 34 www.dentaltrauma.co.uk 35 Additional reference material 36 Dental trauma history sheet 38 Avulsion pathways 39 Fractues and displacement pathway 40 Fractures and displacements in the primary dentition 41 Acknowledgements SavingSmiles Improving outcomes following dental trauma Ambition for Greater Manchester Introduction to the Toolkit from The GM Trauma Network wish to work with our colleagues to ensure that: the GM Trauma Network • All clinicians in GM have the confidence and knowledge to provide a timely and effective first line response to dental trauma. • All clinicians are aware of the need for close monitoring of patients following trauma, and when to refer. The Greater Manchester Local Dental Network (GM LDN) has established a ‘Trauma Network’ sub-group. The • All settings have the equipment described within the ‘armamentarium’ section of this booklet to support optimal treatment. Trauma Network was established to support a safer, faster, better first response to dental trauma and follow up care across GM. The group includes members representing general dental practitioners, commissioners, To support GM practitioners in achieving this ambition, we will be working with Health Education England to provide training days and specialists in restorative and paediatric dentistry, and dental public health.