Laboratory equipment made of 2 CONTENTS

Introduction 4 Platinumequipmentforthe 7 FKS platinum7 STANDARD LABORATORY EQUIPMENT 8 Crucibles,withorwithout reinforced rim 8 Lidsforcruciblesand dishes9 Carbonization crucibles9 DISHES 10 Dishes,flatbottom, withorwithout reinforced rim 10 SPECIAL PURPOSE DISHES 11 Dishesforashing flour 11 Wine dishes,flatbottom 11 Wine dishes,flatbottom, withreinforced rim 11 MICROANALYSISMICROANALYSIS EQUIPMENT 12 Boats,mini-cruciblesand micro-crucibles12 X-RAYFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT (XRF)1)(RFA)13 dishes,round and squaredesign 14 Crucibles,casting dishesand lidsfor Schoeps,VAA,USG,AAG 15 Cruciblesand casting dishesfor Claisse-Fluxer 16 Crucibles,casting dishesand lidsfor Perl-X fusion equipment17 Cruciblesfor Leco- und Linn fusion equipment18 Double-cone crucibles18 Crucibleswiththree pins18 Cruciblesand casting dishesfor Herzog fusion equipment19 Cruciblesand casting dishesfor Oxiflux fluxing system 20 Cruciblesand casting dishesfor Phoenix fusion equipment20 LABORATORY ACCESSORIES 21 Crucible tonguesand tweezers made of chromium-nickelsteel 21 Spatulasand inoculation loops21 ELECTRODES 22 Fischerelectrode 22 Electrodes:Winkler,Woelbling and Schoeniger22 APPLICATIONSIONS OF OF PLATINUM PLATINUM EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT 23 Applicationsand recommended temperatureranges23 HANDLING PLATINUM EQUIPMENT 24 Howtoprolong servicelife24 Physicaland chemicalspecifications26 Melting temperaturesof precious metalalloys 26 Resistanceofplatinumgroupmetalstocorrosivemedia27 Precious metalrecovery /recycling 28 ÖGUSSA PRODUCTS 29

3 INTRODUCTION

ÖGUSSA

Österreichische - und Silber-Scheideanstaltbased in Viennaisaninternationallyactivecompanyin the field of precious metalsand related technologies.Our companyhasbeen founded in 1862 in Viennaasa refinery and begantobroaden its range of products and servicestootherindustrialapplications.Our useof the very latest technologicalprocessesenablesustomeetour customers'high expectationsevery day.We arecontinuouslyinvesting in future-oriented, environmentallysound operating and manufacturing systems, researchand development,quality assurance, customer-oriented expertiseand employee qualification and specialization. Ögussasupports its clients across the globebyworking togetherwiththem in partnerships whichassurelong-termsuccess and continuous development.

Our clients haveinus apartnerwhichiscertified compliantwith: ISO 9001:2000 (quality management), ISO 14.001(environmentalmanagement), ISO 13.485 (medicaldevices), TS 16.949 (automotiveindustry)and Responsible Care(voluntary initiativeofthe chemicalsindustry).

ÖGUSSA Ges.m.b.H. Österreichische Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt LiesingerFlur-Gasse4| 1235Vienna/Austria/Europe

Phone: +43/1/866 46,extensions4201to4205 | Fax:+43/1/866 46-4224 | platin@ oegussa.at | www.oegussa.at

Registered office: Vienna|RegisterCourt:CommercialCourt Vienna Companies' registerFN 152705t UID ATU42887809|ARA Licence-No. 13037 |DVR-No. 0097781

Part of the UmicoreGroup

4 UMICORE

Oegussa is part of Umicore, amaterials technology group whose activities arecentred on four business areas: Advanced Materials, Precious Products and Catalysts, Precious Metals Services and Zinc Specialties.Each businessareaisdivided intomarket-focused businessunits, be it in products that are essential to everyday lifeorthose at the cutting edge of newtechnological developments. Umicorefocuses on application areas whereitknows its expertise in materials science, chemistry and metallurgy canmakeareal difference. Umicoregenerates approximately50%ofits revenues and spends approximately80%ofits R&D budget in the area of clean technology, such as emission control catalysts, materials forrechargeablebatteries and photovoltaics, fuel cells and precious metals recycling. Umicore´s overriding goal of sustainablevalue creation is based on this ambition to develop, produceand recyclemate- rials in away that fulfils its mission: „Materials forabetter life“. The UmicoreGroup has industrial operations on all continents and serves aglobal customer base. It generated aturnoverof 3 9.2 billion ( 3 2.1 billion excluding ) in 2008 and currentlyemployssome 15,500 people.

5

PLATINUM EQUIPMENT

PLATINUM EQUIPMENT FORTHE LABORATORY

The specialperformancecharacteristicsof appliancesmade of platinumhavemade them the standard equipmentfordoing chemicalanalysisin manufacturing and researchlaboratories.The relevantmaterials arealloys of the platinumgroupmetals(platinum, rhodium, iridiumand palladium) orgold. Onrequest,all the appliancesarealsoavailable in pureplatinumand .The constituents of the alloys aredetermined bythe materialcharacteristicsrequired bythe application process.Wetting behavior,corrosion resistance, melting pointand long time rupturestrengthareadapted tothe application and the application's parameters.

Thesecharacteristicscanbesubstantiallyenhanced byusing dispersion-hardened orfine-grain stabilized materials-abbreviated FKS.Anotheradvantage of thishigh-performancematerialisthe economicbenefit of its clearlylongerusefullife.

Toprovide youwithaneasy-to-usecataloguewehavecompiled the most importantmodelsand speci- fications.Customized solutionsand modificationsarejustasmuchpart of our modernand flexible manu- facturing process asareinnovations.The precious metalsextracted byour experts from used cruciblesand recycledintonewalloys and products havethe highest purity.

FKS PLATINUM

Platinumisanextremelyresistantmaterial. But thereareapplicationswhichexceed itsphysicaland chemicallimits.FKS platinum(FKS=”feinkornstabilisiert”)wasdeveloped toexpand thisrange of applications.Anaddition of zirconiumoxide strengthend platinum, contributestograin refining and reinforce the structureofthe Ptalloys. Dispersion-strengthend platinumhasbeen accepted forapplicationsbothinthe glass industry and the laboratory. FKS platinum and FKS platinumalloys featureanumberof outstanding characteristics whichbenefitusers: •Nostructuralchange during annealing (recrystallization) >bettermechanicalresistance •Increaseintensilestrengthand yield strengthasmuchastwo-fold •Increaseinlong time rupturestrength>appliancesmade of FKS Ptcanbeused uptothree times longerthanthosemade of Ptalloys common •Increaseofthe max.usetemperaturesbyasmuchas20%incomparison tocommonlyused alloys •Higherdegree of chemicalresistance

Thesematerialsareavailable: FKS Ptpureplatinumfine-grain stabilized FKS Pt/Au95/5platinum-gold 95/5fine-grain stabilized FKS Pt/Rh90/10platinum-rhodium90/10fine-grain stabilized

Ögussasuppliesall cruciblesand dishes,especiallyforX-rayfluorescenceanalysis,made bothoftraditional Ptalloys aswell asof FKS Pt.Thisgivesusers the option of selecting the variantwhichisbest forthem.

Pleaseorderour separateFKS brochure!

7 STANDARD LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

CRUCIBLES made of platinum/iridium97/3,platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

Inner Ø HeightBaseCapacity WeightÖgussa thickness Code mm mm mm ml g ACS 20 23 0,19 53,720 23 26 0,177 5,221 26 30 0,20 107,722 2832 0,29151223 30 350,36 20 1724 3537 0,36 252125 35400,36 30 2526 4045 0,36 403027 45 500,36 503828 5055 0,40755229 55 60 0,40100 6530

Crucible withreinforced rim made of platinum/iridium97/3,platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

Inner Ø HeightBaseCapacity WeightÖgussa thickness Code mm mm mm ml g ACS 20 23 0,19 54,5 20V 23 26 0,177 621V 26 30 0,20 10922V 2832 0,29151423V 30 350,36 20 19 24V 3537 0,36 2523 25V 35400,36 30 27 26V 4045 0,36 403327V 45 500,36 5041 28V 5055 0,40755529V 55 60 0,40100 6930V

Reinforced crucible rimspreventearlydeformationsand cracksalong the edge and contributeto extending the usefullifeofthe appliances.

8 STANDARD LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

LIDS –fitcruciblesand dishesbothwithand without reinforced rims made of platinum/iridium97/3,platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

Inner Ø HeightMaterialWeightÖgussa thickness code mm mm mm g ACS 20 2,8 0,132,020DE 23 2,8 0,132,321DE 26 3,1 0,132,622DE 283,1 0,133,223DE 30 3,60,133,624DE 354,1 0,134,726DE 404,5 0,135,8 27DE 45 4,5 0,136,628DE 505,1 0,138,8 29DE 55 5,1 0,1310,5 30DE 60 5,4 0,1312,1 42DE 70 5,4 0,1315,043DE 806,00,1319,9 44DE 906,00,1324,045DE 100 6,00,1327,046DE 1106,00,1331,047DE 120 6,00,1337,048DE 130 6,00,1342,049DE

CARBONIZATION CRUCIBLES made of platinum/iridium97/3,platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5 withoverlapping lid, tightlyclosing lid and holeinthe centre, diameter2mm

Inner Ø HeightBaseCapacity WeightÖgussa thickness code mm mm mm ml g ACS 3537 0,36 252525VK

9 DISHES

DISHES WITH FLATBASE made of platinum/iridium97/3,platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

Inner Ø HeightBaseCapacity WeightÖgussa thickness code mm mm mm ml gwithspout without spout ACS 40200,162084040X 50250,18 35144141X 60 30 0,18 50224242X 70 350,20 90324343X 80400,22 15048 44 44X 9045 0,24200 654545X 100 500,27 250904646X 11055 0,30 3251254747X 120 60 0,31400 15048 48X 130 650,31500 1754949X

DISHES WITH FLATBASE and reinforced rim made of platinum/iridium97/3,platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

Inner Ø HeightBaseCapacity WeightÖgussa thickness code mm mm mm ml gwithspout without spout ACS 40200,16201040V40VX 50250,18 351641V41VX 60 30 0,18 502642V42VX 70 350,20 903643V43VX 80400,22 1505344V44VX 9045 0,24200 7145V45VX 100 500,27 2509646V46VX 11055 0,30 325132 47V47VX 120 60 0,31400 15748V48VX 130 650,31500 18349V49VX

Reinforced dishrimspreventearlydeformationsand cracksalong the edge and contributeto extending the usefullifeofthe appliances.

10 SPECIAL PURPOSE DISHES

DISHES FORASHING FLOUR * made of gold/platinum90/10orgold/palladium80/20

UpperBaseHeightBaseWeightWeightÖgussa inner Ø inner Ø thickness Au/PtAu/Pdcode mm mm mm mm gg ABCS 4036160,15 7,06,260 45 36 18 0,137,06,261 5045 20 0,15 10,08,8 62

DISHES FORASHING FLOUR withreinforced rim * made of gold/platinum90/10orgold/palladium80/20

UpperBaseHeightBaseWeightWeightÖgussa inner Ø inner Ø thickness Au/PtAu/Pdcode mm mm mm mm gg ABCS 4036160,15 9,0960V 45 36 18 0,139,0861V 5045 20 0,15 12,010,662V

* Dishesmade of agold alloycomprising 10%platinumor20%palladiumareused toanalyzethe contents of flour ash. The Au-Pdalloyischaracterized byahigh-degree of deformation resistance and weightconsistencyand enablesrapid workinthe laboratory asaresultof catalyticallyaccelerated incineration.

WINE DISHES FLATBASE made of platinum/iridium97/3,platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

Inner Ø HeightBaseCapacity WeightÖgussa thickness code mm mm mm ml g ACS 85 20 0,14 7522,065

WINE DISHES FLATBASE,withreinforced rim made of platinum/iridium97/3,platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

Inner Ø HeightBaseCapacity WeightÖgussa thickness code mm mm mm ml g ACS 85 20 0,14 7525,065V

11 MICROANALYSIS EQUIPMENT

BOAT WITH HANDLE of pureplatinum, platinum/iridium97/3 orplatinum/gold 95/5

BoatlengthHandlelengthWidthHeightWeightÖgussa code mm mm mm mm g A1A2BC 15 6441SHI The boatismade toorder(withand without handle, rounded orsharpcornered, otherdimensions arealsoavailable).

MINI-CRUCIBLES of pureplatinum, platinum/iridium97/3 orplatinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeightBaseWeightÖgussa inner Ø inner Ø thickness code mm mm mm mm g ABCS Mini-crucibles 12,5 1215 0,15 1,5 64 Lids 12-20,130,664DE Mini-cruciblesand micro-cruciblescanbemade toorderin avariety of dimensions.

12 X-RAYFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT (XRF)

X-RAYFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT (XRF)

Inmanyindustriallaboratory applicationsXRF isused toidentifythe constituent components in the field of receiving inspection and quality assurance.

Inthiscontext,homogenous melts produced underreproducible conditionsprovide the best starting basis.Melts arefarsuperiortowhatareknownaspowdercompacts in termsof measurementaccuracyand reproducibility.

Anumberof manufacturers offermeltand fusion equipmentin avariety of designs. All of them haveone thing in common: special-purposecruciblesareneeded forthe meltand casting dishesmade of platinumgold toproducethe fused glass disk. Ögussaoffers cruciblesand casting dishesforthe most common melting equipment. Custom fabricationsarepossible.

The materialwhichhasasserted itself isanalloymade of platinumwith5%gold becauseits greaterstability attemperaturesupto1,200 °C(2192°F)ishighlysuitable and exhibits less wetting especiallywithsilicon melts whichmeansthatthe melts can bemoreeasilyremoved from the casting dishes.

Forapplicationsathighertemperaturesof uptomax.1,500 °C(2732°F)our fine-grain stabilized FKS Pt/Au95/5isespeciallyrecommendable (see the table on page 23 – recommended temperatureranges).

13 X-RAYFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT

CASTING DISHES,ROUND DESIGN * made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeightOverall Ø MaterialWeightÖgussa inner Ø inner Ø thickness code mm mm mm mm mm g ABCF S 31293,8 41 0,8 23 AB1R 3432 3,8 41 0,8 23 AB2R 36 343,8 51 0,8 35AB3R 41 393,8 51 0,8 35AB4R

CASTING DISHES,SQUARE DESIGN * made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeightEdge MaterialWeightÖgussa inner Ø inner Ø lengththickness code mm mm mm mm mm g ABCF S 31293,8 41 0,8 30 AB1 3432 3,8 41 0,8 30 AB2 36 343,8 51 0,8 46AB3 41 393,8 51 0,8 46AB4

* All casting dishing withgreatermaterialthicknessesareavailable on request. Toobtain perfectsampleresults in XRF wesupplythesecasting disheswithhigh-gloss polished innerworking surface.

14 X-RAYFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT

CRUCIBLES FORFUSION EQUIPMENT BY SCHOEPS,VAA,USG,AAG made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeightBaseWeightDesign Ögussa inner Ø inner Ø thickness code mm mm mm mm g ABCS 3420 380,3533 82 3420 380,5041 80 3420 380,5043reinforced rim 80BRV 3420 380,60 44 81 All Schoepsappliancesaresupplied withbracket(see drawing) asastandard. Onrequest wecanalsoequip the applianceswithacontinuous ring orsoldered-on pins.

CASTING DISHES FORSCHOEPS,VAA,USG,AAG All the casting disheson page 14, sharpand round cornered, fitthisfusion appliance.

LIDS FORFUSION EQUIPMENT BY SCHOEPS,VAA,USG,AAG made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

Lid Ø Pin lengthMaterialWeightÖgussa thickness code mm mm mm gg ABS 45 210,314 88

15 X-RAYFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT

CRUCIBLE FORCLAISSE FLUXERS made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeightOverall Ø BaseWeightDesign Ögussa inner Ø inner Ø thickness code mm mm mm mm mm g ABCFS 37 20 35440,45 35flatbase72 39,5 20 32 430,3530 flatbase71 39,5 20 32 430,3530 convexbase70

CASTING DISH FORCLAISSE FLUXERS made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeightOverall Ø MaterialWeightÖgussa inner Ø inner Ø thickness code mm mm mm mm mm g ABCF S 26 25645 0,60 2578 33 32 645 0,60 2579 36 35645 0,60 2577 4038645 1,00 41 76 4038645 0,62475 Toobtain perfectsampleresults in XRF wesupplythesecasting disheswithhigh-gloss polished innerworking surface.

16 X-RAYFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT

CRUCIBLE FORPERL-XFUSION EQUIPMENT made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeight Ø incl. BaseWeightDesign Ögussa inner Ø inner Ø flange thickness code mm mm mm mm mm g ABCFS 404040501,095 cylindrical90 40404049 0,8 85 cylindrical91 40404048 0,8 80cylindrical91A 404040500,8 78cylindrical91B 404040500,8 85 cylindrical92 40224049 0,9 8093 40224049 1,1 100 94 40244048 0,8 7595

CASTING DISHES FORPERL-XFUSION EQUIPMENT made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeight Ø incl. BaseWeightÖgussa inner Ø inner Ø flange thickness code mm mm mm mm mm g ABCF S lowprofile 32 30 5551,050104 36 352,755 0,740105 37 34,5 4,9 55 0,9 45 106 37 34,5 5551,055 107 37 35555 1,055 108 high profile 3432 10651,055 109 32 30,5 10651,055 110 4038,5 10651,060111 40,5 39,5 11,5 651,065112 37 351063,5 1,050113 41 39,5 10601,065114 35,5 33,5 10,5 650,753115

The beadheight (designated P in the drawing) isgenerally3mm. Otherbeadheights available on request. Toobtain perfectsampleresults in XRF wesupplythesecasting disheswithhigh-gloss polished innerworking surface.

LIDS FORPERL-XFUSION EQUIPMENT made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperOverall MaterialWeightHinge Ögussa inner Ø lengththickness widthcode mm mm mm gmm AFST 55 680,5 30 18 100A 55 680,5 27 10100 55 60 0,5 27 19,2101 55 680,5 27 10102 Onrequest wecanalsofabricateotherdimensions.Wecanalsoproducev-shaped cut-outs.

17 X-RAYFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT

CRUCIBLE FORLECO FUSION EQUIPMENT made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeight Ø incl. BaseWeightÖgussa inner Ø inner Ø flange thickness code mm mm mm mm mm g ABCF S 37 20 35,044 0,45 35120 37 20 40,044 0,5040121

CRUCIBLE FORLINN FUSION EQUIPMENT made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeightBaseWeightÖgussa outer Ø outer Ø thickness code mm mm mm mm g ABCS 41 20 49,5 0,4035125 34,619,648,00,55 42126 3520 48,00,4035127 Casting dishesforLecoand Linn fusion appliancesareonpage 16(casting dishesforClaissefluxers).

DOUBLE-CONE CRUCIBLES made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

Upper Ø upperBaseHeightBaseWeightÖgussa inner Ø cone inner Ø thickness code mm mm mm mm mm g AB1BC S 38342939,30,805367A 403634400,806467B 45 41 36 43,30,807567 The Perlheight (designated P in the drawing) isgenerally3mm. OtherPerlheights available on request. Toobtain perfectsampleresults in XRF wesupplythesecrucibleswithhigh-gloss polished inner working surface.

CRUCIBLES WITH THREE PINS made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeightBaseWeightÖgussa inner Ø inner Ø thickness code mm mm mm mm g ABCS 44 32 30 1,00 60 66 4030300,45 33 68 4030300,30 20 69

18 X-RAYFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT

CRUCIBLES FORHERZOG FUSION EQUIPMENT made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeight Ø incl. BaseWeightÖgussa inner Ø inner Ø flange thickness code mm mm mm mm mm g ABCF S 36 22,338,5 44 0,60 52132 5038,5 30 -1,00 90130 5038,5 30 62 1,00 110131

CASTING DISHES FORHERZOG FUSION EQUIPMENT made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeight Ø incl. BaseWeightDesign Ögussa inner Ø inner Ø flange thickness code mm mm mm mm mm g ABCFS 3432 644 2,5065round 788 40387,5 503,00 113square682 Toobtain perfectsampleresults in XRF wesupplythesecasting disheswithhigh-gloss polished innerworking surface.

19 X-RAYFLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT

CRUCIBLES FOROXIFLUX FUSION SYSTEMS made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeightBaseWeightDesign Ögussa inner Ø inner Ø thickness code mm mm mm mm g ABCS 36 18 400,3530 withpins160 36 18 400,3537 withsupport ring 161

CASTING DISHES FOROXIFLUX FUSION SYSTEMS made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeight Ø incl. BaseWeightÖgussa inner Ø inner Ø flange thickness code mm mm mm mm mm g ABCF S 32 314,8 430,8034162 Toobtain perfectsampleresults in XRF wesupplythesecasting disheswithhigh-gloss polished innerworking surface.

CRUCIBLES FORPHOENIX FUSION EQUIPMENT made of platinum/gold 95/5orFKS-platinum/gold 95/5

UpperBaseHeightBaseWeightÖgussa inner Ø inner Ø thickness code mm mm mm mm g ABCS 36 22 36 0,45 40151 The supporting ring isalsoavailable in around orsemi-round design.

CASTING DISHES FORPHOENIX FUSION EQUIPMENT All the casting disheson page 14, squareand round, fitthisfusion equipment.

20 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT ACCESSORIES

Ögussamakesanumberof accessoriestoenable youtoexpertlyhandlecruciblesand dishesin the laboratory,suchascrucible tongsmade of chromiumnickelsteel in various lengths,whicharefitted withplatinumshoesorsolid platinumtips.Asaspecialdesign weofferplatinumshoeswhichextend uptothe swivel-joint.Tweezers canalsobesupplied withplatinumshoesorsolid platinumtips.

CRUCIBLE TONGS MADE OF CHROMIUM- Shoesortipsmade of platinum/iridium97/3,platinum/gold 95/5orpureplatinum

Overall lengthapprox.weightDesign Ögussa perpaircode mm g A 200 4-5 withPtshoesS200 2504-5 withPtshoesS250 300 4-5 withPtshoesS300 400 7-8 withPtshoesS400 500 7-8 withPtshoesS500 600 9-10withPtshoesS600 200 10-12withsolid PttipsM200 25010-12withsolid PttipsM250 300 10-12withsolid PttipsM300 400 24-25withsolid PttipsM400 500 30-35withsolid PttipsM500 600 30-35withsolid PttipsM600 Specialdesign: Ptshoesextending uptoswivel jointon request. Materialthickness of shoes,0.20 -0.25mm.

TWEEZERS MADE OF CHROMIUM NICKEL STEEL Shoesortipsmade of platinum/iridium97/3,platinum/gold 95/5orpureplatinum

Overall lengthapprox.weightDesign Ögussa perpaircode mm g A 145 2withPtshoesS145 145 4withsolid PttipsM145

SPATULAS Forreasonsrelated tostability spatulasarefabricated from the alloyplatinum/iridium90/10and are available in avariety of lengthsand shapes. Pleaseletusknowdimensionsyouneed foryour applications. Legend tothe spatuladrawing: A1 spatulalength, A2 handlelength, B1 spatulawidth, B2 handlewidth

INOCULATION LOOPS Eyelets made of platinum/iridium90/10formicrobiologyand medicalapplicationsareavailable in various diameters and lengths.Pleaseletusknowthe dimensionsyouneed.

21 ELECTRODES

The platinumalloycontaining 10%iridiumisespeciallysuitable forelectroanalysis. Itisespeciallyimportantthatelectrodesexhibitahigh degree of electricalconductivity and resistance tochemicalcorrosion. ÖgussasuppliesasastandardFischer,Winkler,Woelbling and Schoeniger electrodes.Otherdesignscanalsobeproduced on request.AsaprincipleFischerelectrodesare sand-blasted, others onlyon customerrequest.Wealsomake repairs on request.

FISCHER ELECTRODE made of platinum/iridium90/10

NetCylinderOverall WeightDesign Ögussa outerinnerlengthcode M/cm 2 mm Ø mm mm Ø mm mm mm g Ø WireACA1C1E1 2250,1238503340200 33 lightFI 1 100 0,2538503340200 41 heavy FI 2 Thiselectrode consistsof anouterand aninnernetcylinder.Suitable forrapid testswithhigh current densitiesin stirred orquiescentelectrolytes.

WINKLER ELECTRODE made of platinum/iridium90/10

NetCylinderOverall WeightDesign Ögussa lengthcode M/cm 2 mm Ø mm mm mm g Ø WireACE 2250,12355015015 lightWI 1 100 0,25355015021heavy WI 2 1,1 461505,5 spiralWI 1B Thiselectrode consistsof aslotted netcylinderin whichawithspiralisconcentricallyarranged. Suitable forapplicationssuchaselectrogravimetricalidentification of Cuand Zn.

WOELBLING ELECTRODE made of platinum/iridium90/10 NetCylinderOverall WeightDesign Ögussa lengthcode M/cm 2 mm Ø mm mm mm g Ø WireACE 100 0,25184015015 solid WB 1 100 0,25184015016hollowWB 2 100 0,2530 4015020solid WB 3 100 0,2530 4015022hollowWB 4 100 0,25455015035solid WB 5 100 0,25455015037hollowWB 6 Inthiselectrode the netisattached permanentlyaboveand belowtoasolid cross on the centrerod.

SCHOENIGER ELECTRODE made of pureplatinum NetElectrode Electrode Overall WeightÖgussa widthheightlengthcode M/cm 2 mm mm mm mm g Ø WireBC E 160,751010403ELS Thiselectrode consistsof apureplatinumwiremeshbentin aU-shape. Primary applications:quicktestsforhalogen and sulphur.

22 PLATINUM EQUIPMENT APPLICATIONS

APPLICATIONS and RECOMMENDED TEMPERATURE RANGES

Application UnitMaterialProcess Maximum temperaturetemperature

°C °F °C °F and carbonization of organicsubstances, acidicand alkaline crucible dissolutions,evaporations, Pt/Ir97/3 1200 21921400 2552 dish incineration of filter residues,reduction of liquids,etc. Pt/Au95/51200 21921300 2372 Meltfusions crucible Pt/Rh90/101400 255215502822 FKS-Pt1400 255215502822 High temperaturescrucible FKS Pt/ Au95/513502462 1500 2732 meltfusionscasting dish FKS-Pt/Rh90/101450264216503002 Au/Pt90/10920 1688 9501742 Flowerashing dish Au/Pd80/20 920 1688 11802156 Electroanalytic identificationsof metals,elektrodesPt/Ir90/10 potentialmeasurements Schöninger- Gravimetry,S+Cl Pt elektrodes

The useswerecommended herearebased on manyyears of experienceinapplication engineering. High temperatures,corrosivemedia,platinumpoisons,etc.canconsiderablyimpactthe useful lifeofthe equipment. The alloys listed representonlyalimited selection of the alloys made byÖgussa.Ifyouhaveany questionsorspecialneedspleasefeel free tocontactus.

PROCESSTEMPERATURE AND MAX.SHORT-TERM TEMPERATURE LOADS 1700˚C 3092˚F 1650˚C 3002˚F 1600˚C 2912˚F 1550˚C 2822˚F 1500˚C 2732˚F 1450˚C 2642˚F 1400˚C 2552˚F 1350˚C 2462˚F 1300˚C 2372˚F 1250˚C 2282˚F 1200˚C 2192˚F 1150˚C 2102˚F 1100˚C 2012˚F 1050˚C 1922˚F 1000˚C 1832˚F 950˚C 1742˚F 900˚C 1652˚F 850˚C 1562˚F 800˚C 1472˚F Legend: 750˚C 1382˚F

Max. 0/ 1 0 0/ 1 0 0/20

short-term FKS P t

load P t/ I r 9 7/3 P t/ A u 95 / 5 A u/ P t 9 0/ 1 0 P t/ R h9 Process A u/ P d8 FKS P t/ A u 95 / 5

temp. FKS P t/ R h9

23 HANDLING PLATINUM EQUIPMENT

Platinumand the metalsof the platinumgroupareamong the most robustmetals.Theirhigh degree of resistancetochemicalcorrosion and theirhigh melting temperaturesmake them excellentmaterialsfor equipmentin achemicallaboratory.The catalyticeffectiveness acceleratesthe ashing of organicmaterials, forexampleoffilterresidues.

Sincepureplatinumisvery softand alreadylosesits hardness and deformation resistanceattemperatures of 700 to1,000 °C(1292to1832°F). The mechanicalstrengthisincreased withadditivesof , gold or rhodium. HOWTOPROLONG SERVICE LIFE The alloys formed byplatinumwithmost metalshavesubstantiallylowereutecticpoints in comparison to pureplatinum. Even atmid-range temperatures,along the grain boundariesof the crucible materialmetals orotherelements canaccumulateand formlocallow-melting phaseswhichleadtothe destruction of the crucible (see the table on page 26).

Inair-tightconditionschemicalreduction reactionscancausethe releaseofthe platinumpoisons.Forthis reason checksof mass loss and ashing should always beperformed underoxidizing conditions.

When applying heatwithaBunsen burneryoushould always ensurethatthe flame isrichinoxygen. The presenceofcarbon and/ororganicsubstancesin the samplecanleadtothe reduction of chemicalcompounds and, hence, tothe releaseofelements harmfultoplatinum. Withotherelements suchassilicon, phosphorous,boron and sulphur,youmustexerciseenormous care. In the process phaseshifts occur morefrequentlyalong the grain boundary and leadtoanembrittlementof the appliance. Youshould payparticularattention tothisdangerwhen ashing flour and otherorganiccompounds whichcontain phosphorous.

Destruction ordamage canalsooccur from anexternalsource, suchaswhen the platinumapplianceisin contactwithsilicon-carbide heating rodsin amuffle furnaceorwithmetallicdebrison the oven floorwhich isdiffused intothe applianceduring alongerperiod of contact.

Werecommend youkeep laboratory surfacescleanatall timeswhereappliancesmaybeplaced in order toavoid soiling the appliancewithsubstanceswhichathighertemperaturescanreactwithplatinum. This includeshandling hotplatinumapplianceswithtongsand tweezers whosetipsareprotected withplatinum shoes.Topreventanycorrosion from inside, youmustnotallowanycorrosivemediatopenetratebetween the tongsand the platinumshoes.

IfyouheatplatinumapplianceswithaBunsen burner,theymustonlycome intocontactwithtriangleswhich areeitherceramic-coated orfitted withplatinumknobs.Youmustpreventanycontactbetween the platinum appliancesand ferrous materials.

24 HANDLING PLATINUM EQUIPMENT

IMPACTOFACIDS AND SALTMELTS When conducting wetchemicalanalysesrememberthathalogen compounds,aquaregiaand otherintensely oxidizing acidicmixturescanchemicallycorrode platinumeven atroom temperature(see table on page 27). Moreserious arethe corrosiveeffects athighertemperaturesof melts of diversealkali metalhydroxidesand cyanides.Inthiscontext potassiumcompoundsgenerallyreactmoreintensivelythanthe corresponding sodium salts withplatinumappliances.

Withsodaand soda-potashfusions,the crucible iscovered tocreateaCO 2 atmosphereoverthe fusion which protects the crucible from oxidation. HEATING Youmustavoid heating platinumappliancesforunnecessarilylong periodsof time sincethiswill leadtoa coarsening of the crystalstructure, embrittlementand cracking. Incinerating platinumappliancesmustnot come intocontactwithothermetals(,tweezers,iron triangles,wiremeshes,etc.). The ceramic surfaceonwhichthe appliancerestsin the oven floorand whilecooling mustbecleanand completelyfree of contaminants.When severalnewplatinumappliancesare simultaneouslyincinerating in the muffle oven, youmustensurethattheyarenotin contactwitheachother(thisappliesespeciallytocrucibleswithnew lids). Asaresultof self-diffusion the appliancescould weld together. FKS platinuminhibits crystalgrowthand extendsthe usefullifeofthe appliances(byasmuchasafactorof 3) owing tothe fine-grain stabilizing effects,especiallyathigh temperatures. TIPS FOR LONGER SERVICE LIFE Simpleprecautionary stepstoprolong the servicelifeofyour equipmentare: •Useheavilyused crucibleswhen sampleconstituents areunknown •Neverplaceacrucible directlyon asilicon-carbide heating rod •Oven liningsmustnotcontain anyplatinum-damaging elements •Inthe presenceoforganicmaterialsassuregood oxidizing conditions (possiblybyadding small amounts of ammoniumnitratebeforeheating) •OnlytouchhotapplianceswithPtcoated tongs •Always operateBunsen burners withastronglyoxidizing (blue/colourless)flame (avoid yellow=reducing flame) •UseFKS alloys CLEANING Basically,decocting the cruciblesand dishesin asuitable solventissufficient. Ifthisdoesnotresultin adequatecleaning werecommend melting out withpotassiumhydrogen sulphateorpotassiumdiphosphate. Materialssuperficiallyalloyed canbescrubbed out withacorrundum-based polish. Neverusea polishwhichcontainsmetalcarbide. Anyresidueofpolishcontaining corrundumcanberemoved byhydrofluoricacid. Platinumappliancesmustnotbecleaned byannealing them becausethispromotesthe unwanted process of diffusion. HANDLING ELECTRODES Electrolyticallyprecipitated metalsaredissolved withpureacidsand then the electrodesarecleaned withdeionized waterand dried in adrying cabinet. Annealing leadstounwanted softening whichinturnmakesthe netelectrodeseasiertodeform. Besides,incompletelydissolved metalscould bepermanentlydiffused in.

25 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SPECIFICATIONS

INFLUENCE OF PLATINUM-DAMAGING SUBSTANCES ON THE MELTING TEMPERATURE ElementPtPdAuAgRhIr °C°F°C°F°C°F°C°F°C°F°C°F B8251517743136910501922 9611762 1131206810461915 Si830 1526 798 1468370 698 83515351389 2532 1470 2678 P588 1090788 14509351715 87816121245 2273 1262 2304 As5971107 ––66512295401004– –– – Sn1070 1958 ––278532,4 221429,8 –––– Sb 633 11715901094 360 680485 9056101130 –– Pb 290554 265509213415,4 304579,2–––– Bi730 1346––241 465,8 262 503,6–––– S12402264623 1153–074213689251697––

PHYSICAL DATA OF PRECIOUS METALS AND PRECIOUS METAL ALLOYS

MaterialMelting point,Density Coefficientof SpecificelectricalTemperaturecoefficientof melting interval(g/cm 3 )linearexpansion resistance(annealed) atthe specificelectr.resistance (20-100°C)10 -6 (K -1)20°C(Ω*mm2 *m -1)(0-100°C)10 -4 (K -1) °C°F(68-212°F)10 -6 (K -1)68° F(Ω*mm2 *m -1)(32-212°F)10 -4 (K -1) Pt17693216,221,45 9,1 0,107 39,0 Ir24474436,622,656,8 0,049 43,0 Pd1554 2829,212,02 11,1 0,099 38,0 Rh1963 3565,4 12,41 8,30,04346,0 Os30505522,022,616,1 0,09642,0 Ru2315 4199,012,20 9,1 0,073 46,0 Au1063 1945,4 19,32 14,1 0,027 40,0 Ag9611761,8 10,49 18,70,01641,0 PtRh101840-1870 3344-3398 20,00 10,00,200 16,3 PtRh20 1870-19103398-3470 18,109,30,20813,4 PtIr101780-1800 3236-3272 21,60 8,60,25012,0 PtIr201830-1855 3326-337121,70 7,70,3107,5 PtAu51675-1745 3047-3173 21,32 -0,18021,0 FKS-Pt*17693216,221,45 -- - FKS-PtAu5*1675-1745 3047-3173 21,32 -- - FKS-PtRh10*1840-1870 3344-3398 20,00 -- - MaterialThermalconductivity Yield pointTensilestrengthElongation Vickers Elasticity module at20°C(Wm -1K -1)(MPa)(MPa)atbreak(%) hardness (GPa) 68°F(Wm -1K -1) annealedhardannealedhardannealedhardannealedhard Pt7470 290150330 403,04298 170 Ir59 93-450-7-210453528 Pd7565400 180480353,040210121 Rh8868-800 19259 -130 410380 Os87------3501000 570 Ru10538-500 -3-240750430 Au31250260 180300 403,0409078 Ag419 120 320 140380373,03511080 PtRh1030180670 300 680321,5 102 204255 PtRh20 -110920 380940322,0113273 268 PtIr1031220 630 340650322,0105215 220 PtIr20-380920 570 940212,0190300 230 PtAu5-370 610460 63571,0139194 180 FKS-Pt*-180-265- 25-85- - FKS-PtAu5*-260 -390-19-115 -- FKS-PtRh10*-330 -445 -16-115 -- Addition physicaldatacanbefound in the Landolt-Börnstein ComprehensiveIndex,1996.Volume IV,Part 2.SpringerVerlag*Test compliantwithÖgussa-Standard, 2001.

26 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SPECIFICATIONS

RESISTANCE TO CORROSIVE MEDIA OF PLATINUM GROUP METALS,GOLD AND SILVER

CorrosivemediumConditions(°C)(°F)PdPtRhIrRuOsAuAg Hydrochloricacid 36%20 681 1111111 Hydrochloricacid 36%100 2122 1111312 Nitricacid 65% 20 684 1111314 Nitricacid 65% 100 21241111414 Sulphuricacid 96%20 681 1111112 Sulphuricacid 96%100 2123 1211114 Sulphuricacid 96%300 572 23 134 Hydrobromicacid 60%20 684 221113 Hydrobromicacid 60%100 21244311314 Hydriodicacid 57%20 684 1111214 Hydriodicacid 57%100 21244111314 Fluorohydricacid 40%20 681 1111111 Phosphoricacid 100 2122 2111411 Aceticacid 99% 100 21211111 11 Hydrochloricacid/chlorine 20%/saturated 20 6832 44 Hydrochloricacid/chlorine 20%/saturated 80176 44 44 Hydrochloricacid/chlorine 20%/saturated 100 2123 32244 Hydrochloricacid/bromine 20 684 22 4 Hydrochloricacid/bromine 100 212424 Aquaregia20 684 411444 Aquaregia100 2124411 444 Aquaregia150302 44 344

Hydrochloricacid/10%H 2 O 2 20 684 44

Hydrochloricacid/10%H 2 O 2 100 2124244 Hydrobromicacid/bromine 60%100 2124 Water/bromine 20 6821111142 Ethanol/Iodine 20 6821211 34 Sodiumhypochloride solution 20 683124411 Sodiumhypochloride solution 100 21241224412 Potassiumcyanide solution 20 683144 Potassiumcyanide solution 100 2124344 (II)chloride solution 100 2122 11 NaOH meltairaccess 500 932 2224422 KOHmeltairaccess 500 932 2324443 NaOH meltairaccess 800 1472 324444 KOHmeltairaccess 800 1472 324444

KHSO4 meltairaccess 440824213124 NaCN meltairaccess 700 12923 3433 44 KCNmeltairaccess 700 129244333 44 NaCN/KCNmelt(2:1) airaccess 5501022 33433 44 Chlorine, gaseous dry 20 6832111131 Chlorine, gaseous moist 20 684 2111342 Bromine liquid dry 20 684 3111441 Bromine liquid moist 20 684 3111341 Iodine solid dry 20 681 11112 Iodine solid moist 20 682121114 Fluorine gaseous 20 68211 Hydrogen sulphide gaseous moist 20 681 111111

1=no corrosion Thesevaluesin thistable areonlyforreferencepurposes 2= marginalcorrosion and should notbeused forspecificapplications. 3= strong corrosion Edelmetall-Taschenbuch/DegussaAG, 4=destructivecorrosion Frankfurt /Hüthig-VerlagHeidelberg1995

27 PRECIOUS METAL RECOVERY /RECYCLING

RECYCLING AND ENVIRONMENT Atthe end of the lifecycle of used laboratory appliancesthe precious metalsof thesematerialsarerecovered and recycledintonew,high-quality products. Proven and innovativeprocessesareused in all phasesof recovery.Exactanalysismethods(ICP,XRF) guarantee preciseand reliable results.Atthe same time, weensurethatthe precious metalsarereimbursed as quicklyaspossible. Eachstep of the process,from the acceptanceofthe materialstothe billing of the customerispreciselydocu- mented and completelytraceable. Inwet-chemicaland electrolyticrefining processesthe individualprecious metalsarerecovered in apureform and re-alloyed in our vacuummelting furnacesplants. Wecreatesustainable valuesand our pro-activeactivitiescontribute toenvironmentalprotection and minimizeresourceconsumption. Our environmentmanagement system iscertified compliantwith ISO 14001and Responsible Care.

Forour clients thismeansreliable quality from asinglesupplier, competentadviceonprecious metalprices,products,reconditio- ning and logisticsaswell astech- nologicaland innovativesupport related toanyquestionsabout precious metals.

YOUR MATERIALS FORPRECIOUS METAL RECOVERY

Gold and Silverand Platinum, palladium, rhodium gold alloys silveralloys and theiralloys •Old jewelry,rawgold material•Old jewelry •Old jewelry •Production waste•Production waste•Production waste •Wastefrom restorativeand •Cutlery,tableware•Old laboratory equipment prostheticstomatology(Dental) •Silverused in film and photography•Electrodes,thermo elements Catalyticconverters containing Galvanicwastecontaining gold, Othergold, silver,platinum, silver,platinum, palladiumand rhodiumsilver,platinum, palladiumand rhodiumpalladiumand rhodiumwaste in the small tradesand industry •Used catalyticconverters from •Bathscontaining precious metals•Crucible shardscontaining precious metals the chemicalindustry •Ion exchange resinscontaining precious metals•mill material, sweeps,ashes •Production waste •electroplating racks •Contacts

28 PRODUCTS

PRODUCTS:

• Thermocouplewires made of platinum/rhodiumalloys,typesR,S,B •Sheathtubes toprotectthermocoupleswithorwithout flange made of Pt/Rhand fine-grain stabilized (FKS)platinuminavariety of diameters and lengths. •Semi-finished platinumproducts: wires,strips,sheets,foils,rods,tubesmade of pureplatinum and platinumalloys •Semi-finished palladiumproducts: wires,strips,sheets,rods,tubesmade of palladiumalloys •Semi-finished gold products: wires,strips,sheets,rods,discs,tubesmade of fine gold and gold alloys •Semi-finished silverproducts: wires,strips,sheets,rods,tubesmade of fine silverand silveralloys, alsoforelectricalengineering •Gauzes: made of silver,platinumand gold •Electroplating-Service: gold, silver,rhodium, palladiumplating •Precious metalbaths forthe electroplating applications •Solders and fluxing agents •Otherprecious metalproducts and compoundson request •Recycling: recovery of precious metalsfrom anywasteorresiduescontaining precious metals

The information weprovide about our products,appliances,equipmentand processesisbased on our extensiveresearchworkand application engineering experience. Wecommunicatetheseresults orallyand in writing tothe best of our knowledge without accepting anyliability beyond whatiscontained in the respectiveindividualcontracts,but wereservethe righttomake technicalmodificationsin the courseofour on-going productdevelopmentwork. Printing errors,mistakes,omissionsand colour aberrationsareexcepted.Anyreprinting oruseofthe imagesand text passagesis prohibited without our written agreement. Moreover,our applicationsengineering serviceisavailable formoredetailed adviceaswell assupport forthe solution of production and application engineering problems.Thisdoesnotreleaseusers from examining our information and recommendationsbeforeusing the products themselveson theirownresponsibility.Especiallyfordeliveriestoclients outside of Austria,thisalsoappliestothe protection of copyrights of thirdpartiesaswell asforapplicationsand procedureswhicharenotexplicitlystated in writing byus.Incaseofdamage orinjury,our liability islimited tothe extend established in our GeneralTermsof Business asamended from time totime. (GeneralTermsof Business canbefound atwww.oegussa.at)

Thislaboratory equipmentcatalogueisvalid from 1May2009and replacesall previous editions.

29 NOTES

30 31 THE WORLD OF PRECIOUS METALS

ÖGUSSA Ges.m.b.H. Österreichische Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt POB 1 Liesinger Flur-Gasse 4 1235 Vienna/Austria/Europe

Phone: +43/1/866 46, extensions 4201 to 4205 Fax: +43/1/866 46-4224 e-mail: platin@ oegussa.at www.oegussa.at

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