Substrate Specificity and Phenology of Macrofungi Community at The

Tibuhwa DD. J. Appl. Biosci. 2011 Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community

Journal of Applied Biosciences 46: 3173– 3184

Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community at the university of Dar es Salaam main campus, Tanzania Donatha Damian Tibuhwa ABSTRACT Objectives: Methodology and results: Coprinus Marasmius Mycena Conclusion and application of findings: in situ Key words:

INTRODUCTION et al

3173 Tibuhwa DD. J. Appl. Biosci. 2011 Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community

et al., et al et al et al et al et al et al Cantharellus et al et al Termitomyces; et et al al Sarcoscypha et al et al MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling site:

3174 Tibuhwa DD. J. Appl. Biosci. 2011 Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community

Figure 1:

Experimental design: Termitomyces et al in situ in situ

3175 Tibuhwa DD. J. Appl. Biosci. 2011 Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community

Figure 2: in situ Ganoderma tsugae Lentinulus Termitomyces clypeatus Marasmius species Funalia polyzona Ficus benjamina Agaricus agarics et al et al et al bolets jelly fungi puff balls earth stars et al., polypore fungi shelf

3176 Tibuhwa DD. J. Appl. Biosci. 2011 Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community

fungi bracket teeth fungi Statistical analysis: Flask Fungi RESULTS

Table 1: Morpho- Family Genus Substrate Fruit body phenology groups type Termitomyces microcarpus T. aurantiacus T. clypeatus T. umkowaanii ( T. tyrelanus Lepista sordida Agaricus campestris A. bisporus ( A. xanthodermus A. augustus A. sylvaticus A. birnbaumii A. placomyces A. bitorquis A. volvatulus Agaricus Agaricus Agaricus Macrolepiota procera Leucocoprinus fragilissimus Coprinus disseminatus C. comatus Chlorophyllum molybdites C. rhacodes Tricholoma spectabile Mycena pura M. inclinata

3177 Tibuhwa DD. J. Appl. Biosci. 2011 Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community

Favolaschia calocera Marasmius bekolacongoli Marasmius delectans Marasmius aureus Marasmius rotula (Scop.) Fr. Marasmius haematocephalus . Marasmius Lentinulus Lentinulus Lentinulus Pleurotus sajor-caju P. tuber-regium Volvariella volvacea P. eryngii Laetiporus sulphureus Phellinus gilvus Scleroderma aurantium Auricularia delicata A. polytricha Tremella fuciformis Trametes elegans Earliella scabrosa Funalia polyzona Polyporus moluccensis Polyporus tenuiculus Microporus affinis Pycnoporus sanguinus Schizophyllum commune Ganoderma boninense Ganoderma tsugae Murrill Ganoderma Boletus satanas Boletus pallidissimus Boletus rubripes Geastrum saccatum G. triplex Hydnum repandum Hydnum Xylaria Xylaria Table 2: Fructification Season Shannon Variance No. of species in each Index Macrofungi families

3178 Tibuhwa DD. J. Appl. Biosci. 2011 Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community

100% 90% 80% Flask Fungi 70% Teeth Fungi 60% 50% Puff balls and earth star 40% Bolete

substrate 30% Polypore fungi 20% 10% Jelly Fungi 0% Shelf and bracket fungi Agarics Soil

Tree log Live tree Species in morphogroups supported by each Termite soil

Wood debris

Substrate types Decaying leaf litter

Figure 3: Marasmius haematocephalus

Figure 4:

3179 Tibuhwa DD. J. Appl. Biosci. 2011 Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community

(a) Observed macrofungi phenology

14 Lyophyllaceae Agaricaceae 12 Tricholomataceae Mycenaceae Marasmiaceae 10 Pleurotaceae Polyporaceae 8 Schizophyllaceae Ganodermataceae Pluteaceae 6 Fomitopsidaceae Hymenochaetaceae, 4 Sclerodermataceae Auriculariaceae in a family a in Tremellaceae 2 Boletaceae Geastraceae 0 Hydnaceae Xylariaceae Number of species fruited fruited species of Number TYR

SEPT-OCT. Fruiting season SEPT-OCT., MARCH-MAY MARCH-MAY

(b) Distribution of macrofungi species fructification per season

20 Number of species 15

Number ofmacrofungi0 species TYR MARCH-MAY SEPT-OCT. SEPT-OCT., MARCH-MAY Fructification season Figure 5:

DISCUSSION

3180 Tibuhwa DD. J. Appl. Biosci. 2011 Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community

et al Eucalyptus obliqua Tricholoma Coprinus Marasmius Mycena et al et al

3181 Tibuhwa DD. J. Appl. Biosci. 2011 Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community

Coprinus Marasmius CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REFERENCES

3182 Tibuhwa DD. J. Appl. Biosci. 2011 Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community

Oudemensiella tanzanica ¨ ¨ Cantharellus fistulosus Termitomyces Sarcoscypha ololosokwaniensis

3183 Tibuhwa DD. J. Appl. Biosci. 2011 Substrate specificity and phenology of macrofungi community

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