DOCSLIB.ORG

Diane Abbott. Leo Abse. Viv Anderson. Cathy Ashton. Clement Attlee. Tony Benn. Annie Besant. Aneurin 'Nye' Bevan. William Be

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diane Abbott. Leo Abse. Viv Anderson. Cathy Ashton. Clement Attlee. Tony Benn. Annie Besant. Aneurin 'Nye' Bevan. William Be DIANE ABBOTT. LEO ABSE. VIV ANDERSON. CATHY ASHTON. CLEMENT ATTLEE. TONY BENN. ANNIE BESANT. ANEURIN ‘NYE’ BEVAN. WILLIAM BEVERIDGE. ERNEST BEVIN. RT HON TONY BLAIR. MARGARET BONDFIELD. EVA GORE BOOTH. BILLY BRAGG. MELVYN BRAGG. JOHN BRIGHT. GORDON BROWN. FRANCIS BURDETT. JAMES CALLAGHAN. CAMPAIGN FOR HOMOSEXUAL EQUALITY. BARBARA CASTLE. WINSTON CHURCHILL. BRIAN CLOUGH. WILLIAM COBBETT. RICHARD COBDEN. WALTER CRANE. WILLIAM CUFFAY. DAGENHAM FORD MACHINISTS. JAYABEN DESAI. CHARLOTTE DESPARD. CHARLES DICKENS. BENJAMIN DISRAELI. PRINCESS SOPHIA DULEEP SINGH. FRIEDRICH ENGELS. MARY FILDES. MICHAEL FOOT. CHARLES JAMES FOX. MILLICENT GARRETT FAWCETT. ELIZABETH GASKELL. WILLIAM GLADSTONE. VICTOR GRAYSON. EARL GREY. KEIR HARDIE. JOHN HODGE. DOUGLAS HOUGHTON OF SOWERBY CH. HENRY HUNT. JACK JONES. ANNIE KENNEY. BRUCE KENT. NEIL KINNOCK. ERIC LANE BURSLEM. JENNIE LEE. JOHN LILBURNE. DAVID LLOYD GEORGE. MARY MACARTHUR. HAROLD MACMILLAN. TOM MANN. CARDINAL MANNING. KARL MARX. BILLY MEREDITH. JOHN STUART MILL. HANNAH MITCHELL. WILLIAM MORRIS. DANIEL O’CONNELL. FEARGUS O’CONNOR. GEORGE ORWELL. ROBERT OWEN. TOM PAINE. EMMELINE PANKHURST. SYLVIA PANKHURST. EMMELINE PETHICK-LAWRENCE. PABLO PICASSO. JIMMY REID. PAUL ROBESON. ROCHDALE PIONEERS. ESTHER ROPER. CLIFF ROWE. ARTHUR SCARGILL. THE SEX PISTOLS. SIR DAVID SHACKLETON. JAMES SHARPLES. GEORGE BERNARD SHAW. SYDNEY SILVERMAN. LADY MARGARET SIMEY. MARIE STOPES. PETER TATCHELL. BETTY TEBBS. MARGARET THATCHER. W H THOMPSON. BEN TILLETT. THE TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS. ROBERT TRESSALL. ALAN TURING. VICTIMS OF PETERLOO. BEATRICE AND SIDNEY WEBB. PAUL WELLER. H G WELLS. REBECCA WEST. WILLIAM WILBERFORCE. EMILY WILDING DAVISON. JOHN WILKES. ELLEN WILKINSON. MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT. 103_PHM_Sticker_Sheet__Radicals_AWK_v3.indd 1 24/10/2016 12:21 JOIN THE RADICALS AND MAKE SURE THEIR STORIES CONTINUE TO BE TOLD The People’s History Museum How to join the Radicals celebrates the stories of the You can join and pay online at radical thinkers whose big ideas phm.org.uk/support-us or fill in the form have shaped our society; the on this leaflet and return to the museum. men and women who believed Radical Supporter in ideas worth fighting for. You can become a Radical Supporter of the museum for just £30 a year (£15 Join the Radicals and support for under 18s and students). the People’s History Museum. Enjoy a range of benefits including Radical Patron invitations to exhibition Private Become a Radical Patron for £300 a year and have the opportunity Views and events, and discounts to engage more deeply with the in the museum shop and cafe. museum and its collections. If you have any questions about Radical Hero supporting the museum please You can personalise your support by email [email protected] or sponsoring one of our 100 Radical Heroes phone 0161 838 9190. for £3,000 (or £1,000 a year for three years). Data Protection People’s History Museum will only use your PHM Radical Heroes featured on the front details to administer your membership and cover (clockwise from top): Viv Anderson, donations as described on this document. Mary Wollstonecraft, Emmeline Pankhurst, All data gathered and held by the museum Clement Attlee, Tom Paine, Betty Tebbs is managed in accordance with the Data and Jayaben Desai. Protection Act 1998. People’s History Museum @PHMMcr #PHMRadicals Left Bank facebook.com/PHMMcr Spinningfields @phmmcr Manchester M3 3ER phm.org.uk/support-us 0161 838 9190 [email protected] Registered charity no. 295260 103_PHM_Sticker_Sheet__Radicals_AWK_v3.indd 2 24/10/2016 12:21 Radical Supporter New Supporter £30 p/a £15 p/a Renewing Supporter (For under 18s and students with valid proof of age/ student status) Radical Patron £300 p/a £25 p/m single twelve payment payments Radical Hero I would be interested in talking to someone about sponsoring a Radical Hero. Please contact me with more information by phone or email on: Additional Donation I would also like to make £5 £10 £25 an additional donation Other to the museum: Grand Total (£) My Details Title Name Address Telephone Postcode Email Gift Radical Membership To give the gift of a Radical Supporter or Patron membership, please fill in recipient’s details below: Title Name Address Telephone Postcode Email Send gift membership Send to me to recipient Personal message (maximum 20 words) 103_PHM_Sticker_Sheet__Radicals_AWK_v3.indd 3 24/10/2016 12:21 Payment You can pay for your Radical membership in a number of ways, please select from the below options and return your completed form to the museum. Alternatively you can pay when you join online at phm.org.uk/support-us. Cheque I enclose a cheque made payable to People’s History Museum for: Standing Order I would like to set up a standing order with the People’s History Museum. Please send further details to my: Email address Postal address Credit / Debit Card Please take a payment from my credit/debit card: Visa Mastercard Other Card number Security code Valid from Expiry Issue number (Maestro/solo only) Signature Date Gift Aid If you’re a UK taxpayer, you can increase the value of your Supporter/Patron/ Sponsor donation and any additional donations at no extra cost to you. Thanks to the government’s Gift Aid Scheme, for every £1 that you give us we will receive 25p back from HMRC. All you have to do is sign and date below, it’s that simple. Yes, I want People’s History Museum to treat as Gift Aid donations all eligible donations and membership subscriptions that I make from the date of this declaration, and any previous contributions that I have made in the past four years until notified otherwise. I understand that I must pay an amount of UK income tax and/or capital gains tax at least equal to any amount that all charities and CASCs that I support with Gift Aid will claim for each tax year, and that other taxes such as Council Tax and VAT do not qualify. Signature Date OFFICE USE ONLY Fee Taken Date Membership renewal date Staff Membership sent 103_PHM_Sticker_Sheet__Radicals_AWK_v3.indd 4 24/10/2016 12:21.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shana Vijayan Thesis.Pdf
    Performance Anxiety: The nature of performance management in the NHS under New Labour Shana Vijayan Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Science and Technology Studies University College London 0 Declaration I, Shana Vijayan, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 1 Abstract This thesis explores both the proliferation and prominence of ‘performance’ in the NHS, focusing on the New Labour years from 1997-2010. The research’s main objective was to understand how performance policy impacts the work-place experience: to understand the nature of work undertaken by performance managers, the tools used and the effect of these techniques. The secondary objective was to understand the goals of performance management. The introduction and rise of performance saw a change in expert authority. A new set of professionals had arrived in the NHS: regulators, auditors and performance managers. This thesis looks at the performance managers’ body of expertise, drawing upon several forms of qualitative research. The primary research tool used was institutional ethnography, which included focused interviews, a case study and experiences and notes gathered during a period based as a participant in NHS organisations. Documentary analysis carried out in the first phase of this thesis revealed that the principal rhetoric employed by politicians concerned the function of performance management in reducing risk and harm to patients. However, further research based on interviews and ethnography suggests that performance was experienced as a process of rationalisation and stigma, with risk rarely mentioned in the same way as in policy documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Statistical Scandal
    Royal Statistical Scandal False and misleading claims by the Royal Statistical Society Including on human poverty and UN global goals Documentary evidence Matt Berkley Draft 27 June 2019 1 "The Code also requires us to be competent. ... We must also know our limits and not go beyond what we know.... John Pullinger RSS President" https://www.statslife.org.uk/news/3338-rss-publishes-revised-code-of- conduct "If the Royal Statistical Society cannot provide reasonable evidence on inflation faced by poor people, changing needs, assets or debts from 2008 to 2018, I propose that it retract the honour and that the President makes a statement while he holds office." Matt Berkley 27 Dec 2018 2 "a recent World Bank study showed that nearly half of low-and middle- income countries had insufficient data to monitor poverty rates (2002- 2011)." Royal Statistical Society news item 2015 1 "Max Roser from Oxford points out that newspapers could have legitimately run the headline ' Number of people in extreme poverty fell by 137,000 since yesterday' every single day for the past 25 years... Careless statistical reporting could cost lives." President of the Royal Statistical Society Lecture to the Independent Press Standards Organisation April 2018 2 1 https://www.statslife.org.uk/news/2495-global-partnership-for- sustainable-development-data-launches-at-un-summit 2 https://www.statslife.org.uk/features/3790-risk-statistics-and-the-media 3 "Mistaken or malicious misinformation can change your world... When the government is wrong about you it will hurt you too but you may never know how.
    [Show full text]
  • The Autobiography of Hannah Mitchell, Suffragette and Rebel Online
    lHnUo (Read free ebook) The Hard Way Up: The Autobiography of Hannah Mitchell, Suffragette and Rebel Online [lHnUo.ebook] The Hard Way Up: The Autobiography of Hannah Mitchell, Suffragette and Rebel Pdf Free Hannah Mitchell *Download PDF | ePub | DOC | audiobook | ebooks Download Now Free Download Here Download eBook #1140709 in eBooks 2015-10-29 2015-10-29File Name: B017DQUNE6 | File size: 27.Mb Hannah Mitchell : The Hard Way Up: The Autobiography of Hannah Mitchell, Suffragette and Rebel before purchasing it in order to gage whether or not it would be worth my time, and all praised The Hard Way Up: The Autobiography of Hannah Mitchell, Suffragette and Rebel: 2 of 2 people found the following review helpful. Thought-provoking insights into the beginnings of the women's rights movementBy Rebekka K. StegThe Hard Way Up is the thought-provoking autobiography of Hannah Mitchell who in spite of her upbringing valued education and fought, first for the rights of the working class and then for the rights of women. I was dismayed, although not surprised, to see how frequently the suffragettes were ignored and disregarded by the socialists - even as they had frequently fought alongside them to secure rights of the working class. Too often the majority, those with privilege, have no problem accepting the help and support of the minority and those without privilege, but when it comes to giving back and fighting for the rights of minority it is suddenly no longer of importance.The Hard Way Up is a fascinating insight into a different, but incredibly important time that laid the foundation of many of the same issues we still see today.
    [Show full text]
  • The Attlee Governments
    Vic07 10/15/03 2:11 PM Page 159 Chapter 7 The Attlee governments The election of a majority Labour government in 1945 generated great excitement on the left. Hugh Dalton described how ‘That first sensa- tion, tingling and triumphant, was of a new society to be built. There was exhilaration among us, joy and hope, determination and confi- dence. We felt exalted, dedication, walking on air, walking with destiny.’1 Dalton followed this by aiding Herbert Morrison in an attempt to replace Attlee as leader of the PLP.2 This was foiled by the bulky protection of Bevin, outraged at their plotting and disloyalty. Bevin apparently hated Morrison, and thought of him as ‘a scheming little bastard’.3 Certainly he thought Morrison’s conduct in the past had been ‘devious and unreliable’.4 It was to be particularly irksome for Bevin that it was Morrison who eventually replaced him as Foreign Secretary in 1951. The Attlee government not only generated great excitement on the left at the time, but since has also attracted more attention from academics than any other period of Labour history. Foreign policy is a case in point. The foreign policy of the Attlee government is attractive to study because it spans so many politically and historically significant issues. To start with, this period was unique in that it was the first time that there was a majority Labour government in British political history, with a clear mandate and programme of reform. Whereas the two minority Labour governments of the inter-war period had had to rely on support from the Liberals to pass legislation, this time Labour had power as well as office.
    [Show full text]
  • Proudtameside
    #ProudTameside ISSUE 80 I SPRING 2018 DISTRIBUTED FREE TO OVER 100,000 HOMES AND BUSINESSES IN TAMESIDE Our new Fitting farewell for Our budget IN THIS ISSUE: Executive Leader P4 Kieran P6 explained P12/13 Spring into Tameside FOLLOW US ON AND SPRING 2018 I THE TAMESIDE CITIZEN I PAGE 2 YOU’VE GOT THE SKILLS, WE’LL GIVE YOU THE OPPORTUNITIES To find out more about CHILDREN’S SOCIAL CARE JOBS in Tameside visit www.tameside.gov.uk/workingfortameside Supporting Successful Families Do you work with children? We need you! We’re recruiting foster carers and have flexible opportunities to fit around your life and other work. Call 0161 368 8865 or visit www.tameside.gov.uk/fostering SPRING 2018 I THE TAMESIDE CITIZEN I PAGE 3 Welcome to the spring edition of the Tameside Citizen AS the new executive leader of the council, it’s been a very busy start to the role and I would like to welcome you to my first edition of the Citizen to bring you up to speed with all the latest council news. Living in Tameside with my family, and having been a councillor for the Denton West ward since 2002 and executive member for adult services since 2008, I am very much rooted and committed to Tameside and to creating a better place where we can all live healthy and successful lives. You can read more about my priorities for the year ahead on page 5. It’s only right that we pay tribute to Cllr Kieran Quinn in this issue (page 6) as we sadly said goodbye to him in January following his tragic and untimely passing on Christmas Day.
    [Show full text]
  • The Theological Socialism of the Labour Church
    ‘SO PECULIARLY ITS OWN’ THE THEOLOGICAL SOCIALISM OF THE LABOUR CHURCH by NEIL WHARRIER JOHNSON A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Theology and Religion School of Philosophy, Theology and Religion College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham May 2015 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The thesis argues that the most distinctive feature of the Labour Church was Theological Socialism. For its founder, John Trevor, Theological Socialism was the literal Religion of Socialism, a post-Christian prophecy announcing the dawn of a new utopian era explained in terms of the Kingdom of God on earth; for members of the Labour Church, who are referred to throughout the thesis as Theological Socialists, Theological Socialism was an inclusive message about God working through the Labour movement. By focussing on Theological Socialism the thesis challenges the historiography and reappraises the significance of the Labour
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Conference on Labour
    REPORT OF THE second Jlnnual Conference OF THE LABOUR REPRESENTATION Co:tHITTEE HELD L TH'.E CENTRAL HALL CORPORATION STREET. BIRMINGHAM. On Thursday, February 20th, 1902, ~ o The Labour Representation Committee, 3, LI TCOL 'S I N FIELDS, LONDON, w.c. AC D J. RAMSAY MACDONALD, Secretary. 49 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE LABOUR REPRESENTATION COMMITTEE, ELECTED 21ST FEBRUARY, 1902. Trade Unions, Chairman: R. BELL, M.P. Amalgamated Railway Servants. Vice-Chairman: J. HODGE Steelsmelters. Treasurer: F. ROGERS Vellum Binders. W. B. CHEESMAN, Fawcett Association I ALLE GEE, Textile Worker PETE CURRAN, Gasworkers J. SEXTON, Dock Labourers C. FREAK, Boot & Shoe Operatives I A. WILKIE, Shipwrights Trades Councils. WM. PICKLES - - Huddersfield Trades Council. Independent Labour Party J. KEIR HARDIE, M.P. I COUNCILLOR JAMES PARKER. Fabian Society. EDWARD R. PEASE: SECRETARY: J. RAMSAY MACDONALD, L.C.C., 3, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS, LONDON, w.c 50 NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF DELEGATES ATTENDING THE CONFERENCE, TRADE UNIONS. SOCIETY. DELEGATE . Blastfurnacemen, National Federation ... P. Walls, Moss Bay, Workington. Bookbinders' ,,net Machine Rulers' Consolidatecl. Mat, hew Ri<liey, 5, Mulberry Street, Hulme, Man- U nion. chest er. James Kelly, 59, Grosvenor Street, C-on-:vf., Man­ chester. Baot and Shoe Operatives, National Union of ... C. Freak, 31, Al,ney Street, Leicester. Councillor J. F. Richards, 181, Belgrave Gate, Leicester W. B. Hornidge, r 2, Paton Street, Leicester. Brassworkers, National Amalgamated .. T- Ramsden, 70, Lionel S1reet, Birmingh:im. W. J. Davis, 70, Lionel Street, Birmingham. Brushmakers, Amalg!:l.mated Society of ... G. Freeman, 43, Wright Street, mall Heath, Birmingham. Builders' Labourers Union, United F.
    [Show full text]
  • Britain and Europe
    Britain and Europe ROBERT COOPER Forty years after Britain joined Europe both have changed, mostly for the better. This story does not, however, begin in 1972 when the negotiations finished and were ratified by parliament, nor in 1973 when the UK took its place at the Council table as a full member, but ten years before with the first British application and the veto by General de Gaulle. Sometimes, going further back still, it is suggested that if Ernest Bevin’s ideas for West European cooperation had been pursued,1 or if Britain had decided to join talks on the Schuman Plan,2 or to take the Spaak Committee seriously,3 things might have been different. But the truth is there was no Robert Schuman or Jean Monnet in Britain, and no readiness to think in radically new terms. Had the UK been present at the negotiations that led to the European Coal and Steel Community, the outcome for Britain would probably still have been the same, precisely because the vision was lacking. The decision on the Schuman Plan was a close-run thing—the idea of planning for heavy industry being in accordance with the ideas of the Labour government. But British ideas were very different from those of the French or the Americans, who were thinking in terms of supranational bodies—indeed, for Monnet this was a cardinal point. His approach was supported by the Benelux countries, which were already setting up their own customs union. Bevin had an ambition to lead Europe, but it is not clear where he wanted to take it.
    [Show full text]
  • Art and the Crisis of the European Welfare State Addresses Contemporary Art in the Context of Changing European Welfare States
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO No Such Thing as Society: Art and the Crisis of the European Welfare State A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Art History, Theory and Criticism by Sarah Elsie Lookofsky Committee in charge: Professor Norman Bryson, Co-Chair Professor Lesley Stern, Co-Chair Professor Marcel Hénaff Professor Grant Kester Professor Barbara Kruger 2009 Copyright Sarah Elsie Lookofsky, 2009 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Sarah Elsie Lookofsky is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Co-Chair University of California, San Diego 2009 iii Dedication For my favorite boys: Daniel, David and Shannon iv Table of Contents Signature Page…….....................................................................................................iii Dedication.....................................................................................................................iv Table of Contents..........................................................................................................v Vita...............................................................................................................................vii Abstract……………………………………………………………………………..viii Chapter 1: “And, You Know, There Is No Such Thing as Society.” ....................... 1 1.1 People vs. Population ............................................................................... 2 1.2 Institutional
    [Show full text]
  • The Labour Party and the Idea of Citizenship, C. 193 1-1951
    The Labour Party and the Idea of Citizenship, c. 193 1-1951 ABIGAIL LOUISA BEACH University College London Thesis presented for the degree of PhD University of London June 1996 I. ABSTRACT This thesis examines the development and articulation of ideas of citizenship by the Labour Party and its sympathizers in academia and the professions. Setting this analysis within the context of key policy debates the study explores how ideas of citizenship shaped critiques of the relationships between central government and local government, voluntary groups and the individual. Present historiographical orthodoxy has skewed our understanding of Labour's attitude to society and the state, overemphasising the collectivist nature and centralising intentions of the Labour party, while underplaying other important ideological trends within the party. In particular, historical analyses which stress the party's commitment from the 1930s to achieving the transition to socialism through a strategy of planning, (of industrial development, production, investment, and so on), have generally concluded that the party based its programme on a centralised, expert-driven state, with control removed from the grasp of the ordinary people. The re-evaluation developed here questions this analysis and, fundamentally, seeks to loosen the almost overwhelming concentration on the mechanisms chosen by the Labour for the implementation of policy. It focuses instead on the discussion of ideas that lay behind these policies and points to the variety of opinions on the meaning and implications of social and economic planning that surfaced in the mid-twentieth century Labour party. In particular, it reveals considerable interest in the development of an active and participatory citizenship among socialist thinkers and politicians, themes which have hitherto largely been seen as missing elements in the ideas of the interwar and immediate postwar Labour party.
    [Show full text]
  • Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
    Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan)
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Women in the Civil Service
    A History of Women in the UK Civil Service This paper draws heavily on research carried out by Bea Morgan when working with Home Office Women. She now works in DCMS where she can be emailed at [email protected] . Bea in turn acknowledges the support of her partner who passed on her love of history and gave Bea confidence in herself, and also the support of Home Office Women who allowed her time to carry out this research. The 1700s and Early 1800s The general view in this period was that women should remain passive and docile and in the home, where she would be treated as subordinate to men. Any woman away from the domestic sphere and not behaving in this way was considered to be unfeminine and therefore in moral danger. Women were considered to be not much more than children with decisions made for them by fathers; husbands and when a woman was in service, her employers. There were few opportunities open to women at the time and these would have been limited to; governess; needlework; mill industry; laundry and domestic service. All work required women to be unmarried except for factory or home working for the working classes. The title of Mrs for the cook in a large household was an honorary title. Work was not considered a possibility for middle class married women. In the lower classes, married women did work, of necessity, in the mills and factories or take in ‘home working’, which would include making matchboxes, needlework or laundry. Where women did work they were considered to be a cheap and flexible labour force.
    [Show full text]