Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) By: Mike Trombetta Department of Environmental Quality AGENDA • Petroleum Release Risks • Non-DEQ-7 Chemicals • Recen t RBCA U pd a tes Water Table Surface Spill Water Table Surface Spill Water Table Surface Spill Water Table Surface Spill Water Table Leaching to Groundwater Water Table Leaching to Groundwater Water Table Leaching to Groundwater Water Table Leaching to Groundwater Water Table Leaching to Groundwater Water Table Groundwater Flow Leaching to Groundwater Water Table Groundwater Flow Leaching to Groundwater Water Table Groundwater Flow Leaching to Groundwater DiDrin king Water Well Water Table Groundwater Flow Leaching to Groundwater DiDrin king Water Well Water Table Groundwater Flow Leaching to Groundwater DiDrin king Water Well Water Table Groundwater Flow Point of Compliance DEQ-7 Water Table Groundwater Flow Montana’s Water Quality Standards Soil Leaching ViblVariables: Precipitation Soil porosity Dispersivity Fraction organic carbon Decay coefficient Source area size (L-W-T) 54 total parameters Water Table Groundwater Flow Other Risks from Petroleum Releases Direct Contact Commercial Setting Employee Direct Contact Residential, Customer, Recreator, or Trespasser Direct Contact Water Table Construction Worker Direct Contact Water Table Construction Worker Direct Contact Water Table Construction Worker Direct Contact Water Table Construction Worker Indoor Air Vapors IdIndoor AiVAir Vapors Chemistry of Petroleum Products Gasoline Example Gasoline –Over 140 Chemicals 2-methylpropane Isobutane Lighter 1-Butene 2-Methyl-2-butene n-Butane Isopentane Pentene 2-Pentene dimethylcyolopropane 2,3-Dimethylbutane Cyclopentene unknown 3-Methylpentane 2-Methyl-1-pentene n-Hexane unknown 4-Methyl-2-pentene 2,4-Dimethylpentane unknown 4-Methylpentene Methylcyclopentane Methyl-tertiary-bytylEther (MTBE) 2,2-Dimethylpentane Benzene 2-Methylhexane 3-Methylhexane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Trimethylpentane Dirnethylhexane unknown 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane 1-trans-2-cis-3-Trimethylcyclopentane unknown Nonanol 1,4-Methylhexene Heptane 2,5-Dimethylhexane 2,4-Dimethylhexane 2,3,4Trimethylpentane 232,3-Dimethylhexane 2,3-Dimethylhexane Ethylbenzene Methylcyolohexane unknown 1-trans-2-cis-4-trimethylcyolopentane unknown Toluene 2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane unknown 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane unknown 2,3,3-trimethyihexane 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane unknown Dimethylundecane unknown 2,2,3,1,4-tetramethylpentane p-Xylene unknown m-Xylene 1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) 3,3-Dimethylheptane Trimethvlpentane o-Xylene unknown 3,4,4-Trimethyl-2-hexene unknown n-Nonane Cumene 1-Methyl-3-ethylbenzene 3-Methylnonane n-Propylbenzene o-Ethyltoluene 1-Methyl-4-ethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene unknown 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 3-Methylnonane Cumene unknown Trimethylbenzene o-Methylstyrene 4-Methyldecane unknown 1,4-Diethylbenzene 1-Methyl-2-n-propylbenzene unknown Cymene 3-n-Propyl-toluene unknown 4-Methyldecane 1,4-Dimethyl-2-ethylbenzene unknown 5-Ethyl-methylxylene 1,4-Dimethy-2-ethylbenzene unknown 2,6-Dirnethyistyrene Diethylbenzene unknown 1,3,5-TriMe-benzene 1,2,4-TriMe-benzene 1,2,3-TriMe-benzene Napthalene unknown 1,6-Dimethyllindan 2-Methylnaphthalene 1-Methylnaphthalene n-Dodecane unknown 1,1-Dimethylindan unknown Dimethylnaphthalene unknown Heavier 2-Methylnapthelene Gasoline –Over 140 Chemicals 2-methylpropane Isobutane Lighter 1-Butene 2-Methyl-2-butene n-Butane Isopentane Pentene 2-Pentene dimethylcyolopropane 2,3-Dimethylbutane Cyclopentene unknown 3-Methylpentane 2-Methyl-1-pentene n-Hexane unknown 4-Methyl-2-pentene 2,4-Dimethylpentane unknown 4-Methylpentene Methylcyclopentane Methyl-tertiary-bytylEther (MTBE) 2,2-Dimethylpentane Benzene 2-Methylhexane 3-Methylhexane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Trimethylpentane Dirnethylhexane unknown 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane 1-trans-2-cis-3-Trimethylcyclopentane unknown 2-Methyl-1-pentene Nonanol 1,4-Methylhexene Heptane 2,5-Dimethylhexane 2,4-Dimethylhexane 2,3,4Trimethylpentane 232,3-Dimethylhexane n-Hexane 2,3-Dimethylhexane Ethylbenzene Methylcyolohexane unknown 1-trans-2-cis-4-trimethylcyolopentane unknown 4-Methyl-2-pentene Toluene 2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane unknown 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane unknown 2,3,3-trimethyihexane 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane 2,4-Dimethylpentane unknown Dimethylundecane unknown 2,2,3,1,4-tetramethylpentane p-Xylene unknown m-Xylene 4-Methylpentene 1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) 3,3-Dimethylheptane Trimethvlpentane o-Xylene unknown 3,4,4-Trimethyl-2-hexene Methylcyclopentane unknown n-Nonane Cumene 1-Methyl-3-ethylbenzene 3-Methylnonane n-Propylbenzene o-Ethyltoluene Methyl-tertiarybutyl-ether (MTBE) 1-Methyl-4-ethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene unknown 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 3-Methylnonane Cumene unknown 2,2-Dimethylpentane Trimethylbenzene o-Methylstyrene 4-Methyldecane unknown 1,4-Diethylbenzene 1-Methyl-2-n-propylbenzene Benzene unknown Cymene 3-n-Propyl-toluene unknown 4-Methyldecane 1,4-Dimethyl-2-ethylbenzene unknown 2-Methylhexane 5-Ethyl-methylxylene 1,4-Dimethy-2-ethylbenzene unknown 2,6-Dirnethyistyrene Diethylbenzene unknown 1,3,5-TriMe-benzene 1,2,4-TriMe-benzene 1,2,3-TriMe-benzene Napthalene unknown 1,6-Dimethyllindan 2-Methylnaphthalene 1-Methylnaphthalene n-Dodecane unknown 1,1-Dimethylindan unknown Dimethylnaphthalene unknown Heavier 2-Methylnapthelene Gasoline –Over 140 Chemicals C-5 2-methylpropane Isobutane Lighter 1-Butene 2-Methyl-2-butene n-Butane Isopentane Pentene C 2-Pentene C dimethylcyolopropane 2,3-Dimethylbutane Cyclopentene unknown 3-Methylpentane CC 2-Methyl-1-pentene n-Hexane unknown 4-Methyl-2-pentene 2,4-Dimethylpentane C unknown 4-Methylpentene Methylcyclopentane Methyl-tertiary-bytylEther (MTBE) 2,2-Dimethylpentane Benzene 2-Methylhexane 3-Methylhexane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Trimethylpentane Dirnethylhexane unknown 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane 1-trans-2-cis-3-Trimethylcyclopentane unknown Nonanol 1,4-Methylhexene Heptane 2,5-Dimethylhexane 2,4-Dimethylhexane 2,3,4Trimethylpentane 232,3-Dimethylhexane 2,3-Dimethylhexane Ethylbenzene Methylcyolohexane unknown 1-trans-2-cis-4-trimethylcyolopentane unknown Toluene 2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane unknown 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane unknown 2,3,3-trimethyihexane 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane unknown Dimethylundecane unknown 2,2,3,1,4-tetramethylpentane p-Xylene unknown m-Xylene 1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) 3,3-Dimethylheptane Trimethvlpentane o-Xylene unknown 3,4,4-Trimethyl-2-hexene unknown n-Nonane Cumene 1-Methyl-3-ethylbenzene 3-Methylnonane n-Propylbenzene o-Ethyltoluene 1-Methyl-4-ethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene unknown 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 3-Methylnonane Cumene C unknown C Trimethylbenzene o-Methylstyrene 4-Methyldecane unknown 1,4-Diethylbenzene CC 1-Methyl-2-n-propylbenzene C unknown Cymene 3-n-Propyl-toluene unknown CC 4-Methyldecane 1,4-Dimethyl-2-ethylbenzene C unknown 5-Ethyl-methylxylene 1,4-Dimethy-2-ethylbenzene unknown 2,6-Dirnethyistyrene C Diethylbenzene C unknown 1,3,5-TriMe-benzene 1,2,4-TriMe-benzene 1,2,3-TriMe-benzene Napthalene unknown C C 1,6-Dimethyllindan 2-Methylnaphthalene 1-Methylnaphthalene n-Dodecane unknown 1,1-Dimethylindan unknown Dimethylnaphthalene unknown Heavier 2-Methylnapthelene C-12 Gasoline –Over 140 Chemicals C-5 2-methylpropane Isobutane Lighter 1-Butene 2-Methyl-2-butene n-Butane Isopentane Pentene C 2-Pentene C dimethylcyolopropane 2,3-Dimethylbutane Cyclopentene unknown 3-Methylpentane 2-Methyl-1-pentene CC n-Hexane Technical unknown 4-Methyl-2-pentene 2,4-Dimethylpentane C unknown 4-Methylpentene Methylcyclopentane Methyl-tertiary-bytylEther (MTBE) 2,2-Dimethylpentane Benzene 2-Methylhexane 3-Methylhexane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Cha llenge ! Trimethylpentane Dirnethylhexane unknown 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane 1-trans-2-cis-3-Trimethylcyclopentane unknown Nonanol 1,4-Methylhexene Heptane 2,5-Dimethylhexane 2,4-Dimethylhexane 2,3,4Trimethylpentane 232,3-Dimethylhexane 2,3-Dimethylhexane Ethylbenzene Methylcyolohexane unknown 1-trans-2-cis-4-trimethylcyolopentane unknown Toluene 2-Methyl-3-ethylpentane unknown 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane unknown 2,3,3-trimethyihexane 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane unknown Dimethylundecane unknown DEQ – 7 Standards 2,2,3,1,4-tetramethylpentane p-Xylene unknown m-Xylene 1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB) 3,3-Dimethylheptane Trimethvlpentane o-Xylene unknown (On ly 8 Ch em ica ls ) 3,4,4-Trimethyl-2-hexene unknown n-Nonane Cumene 1-Methyl-3-ethylbenzene 3-Methylnonane n-Propylbenzene o-Ethyltoluene 1-Methyl-4-ethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene unknown 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 3-Methylnonane Cumene C unknown C Trimethylbenzene o-Methylstyrene 4-Methyldecane unknown 1,4-Diethylbenzene CC 1-Methyl-2-n-propylbenzene C unknown Cymene 3-n-Propyl-toluene unknown CC 4-Methyldecane 1,4-Dimethyl-2-ethylbenzene C unknown 5-Ethyl-methylxylene 1,4-Dimethy-2-ethylbenzene unknown 2,6-Dirnethyistyrene C Diethylbenzene C unknown 1,3,5-TriMe-benzene 1,2,4-TriMe-benzene 1,2,3-TriMe-benzene Napthalene unknown C C 1,6-Dimethyllindan 2-Methylnaphthalene 1-Methylnaphthalene n-Dodecane unknown 1,1-Dimethylindan unknown Dimethylnaphthalene unknown Heavier 2-Methylnapthelene C-12 Gasoline –Over 140 Chemicals C-5 2-methylpropane Isobutane 1-Butene 2-Methyl-2-butene n-Butane Isopentane Lighter Pentene 2-Pentene dimethylcyolopropane 2,3-Dimethylbutane Cyclopentene unknown 3-Methylpentane 2-Methyl-1-pentene n-Hexane unknown 4-Methyl-2-pentene 2,4-Dimethylpentane unknown 4-Methylpentene Methylcyclopentane Methyl-tertiary-bytylEther (MTBE) 2,2-Dimethylpentane Benzene 2-Methylhexane 3-Methylhexane
Recommended publications
  • Toxicological Profile for Ethylbenzene
    ETHYLBENZENE 221 9. REFERENCES Abraham MH, Ibrahim A, Acree WE. 2005. Air to blood distribution of volatile organic compounds: A linear free energy analysis. Chem Res Toxicol 18(5):904-911. ACGIH. 1992. 1992-1993 Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 21. ACGIH. 2002. Ethylbenzene. Documentation of the threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. 7th ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. ACGIH. 2006. Ethylbenzene. Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 29, 104. Acton DW, Barker JF. 1992. In situ biodegradation potential of aromatic hydrocarbons in anaerobic groundwaters. J Contam Hydrol 9:325-352. Adinolfi M. 1985. The development of the human blood-CSF-brain barrier. Dev Med Child Neurol 27(4):532-537. Adlercreutz H. 1995. Phytoestrogens: Epidemiology and a possible role in cancer protection. Environ Health Perspect Suppl 103(7):103-112. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1989. Decision guide for identifying substance- specific data needs related to toxicological profiles; Notice. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology. Fed Regist 54(174):37618-37634. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1990. Biomarkers of organ damage or dysfunction for the renal, hepatobiliary and immune systems. Subcommittee on Biomarkers of Organ Damage and Dysfunction. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1992. Toxicological profile for styrene.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Information for “Oligomeric Models for Estimation of Polydimethylsiloxane
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Supplementary Information for “Oligomeric models for estimation of polydimethylsiloxane- water partition ratios with COSMO-RS theory: Impact of the combinatorial term on absolute error” by J. Mark Parnis and Donald Mackay. Contents: 1) The complete set of chemicals, with the published values of log K(PDMS-w), and the abbreviated reference, corresponding to references given in the principle text. 1) The complete set of chemicals, with the published values of log KPDMS-w. Hsieh 2011 CHAO 2014 PCB18 4.91 PCB203 7.09 PCB16 5.12 PCB195 6.89 PCB32 5.12 PCB194 6.79 PCB28,31 5.17 Benzyl alcohol -0.35 PCB33,53 5.18 4-Fluorophenol -0.28 PCB22 5.30 m-Cresol -0.03 PCB52 5.48 Phenethyl alcohol 0.12 PCB47,48 5.49 3-Methylbenzyl alcohol 0.17 PCB44 5.44 3-Chlorophenol 0.31 PCB71 5.49 3,5-Dimethylphenol 0.42 PCB41 5.49 3-Bromophenol 0.46 PCB70 5.79 4-Ethylphenol 0.60 PCB66 5.70 4-Chloroaniline 0.84 PCB95 5.77 Phenyl acetate 0.86 PCB56,60 5.86 Benzonitrile 1.04 PCB101 6.01 Acetophenone 1.04 PCB99 6.17 4-Chloroacetophenone 1.64 PCB83 6.02 Methyl benzoate 1.65 PCB97 6.05 Benzene 1.76 PCB87 6.19 Ethylbenzoate 2.12 PCB85 6.38 Toluene 2.28 PCB110 6.03 4-Chloroanisole 2.37 PCB151 6.31 Chlorobenzene 2.40 PCB135 6.48 Bromobenzene 2.51 PCB149 6.42 o-Xylene 2.69 PCB118 6.23 m-Xylene 2.73 PCB146 6.66 Iodobenzene 2.73 PCB153 6.62 p-Xylene 2.75 PCB105,132 6.40 Ethylbenzene 2.75 PCB179 6.73 Phenol -0.18 PCB141 6.73 Naphthalene 2.83 PCB138 6.61 Cyclopentane 2.85 PCB163 6.56 4-Chlorotoluene 2.87 PCB158 6.83 Methylcyclopentane 3.13 PCB187 6.96 Propylbenzene 3.14 PCB182 6.96 Isopropylbenzene 3.15 PCB183 6.26 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 3.16 PCB128 6.61 1-Methyl-4-Ethylbenzene 3.20 PCB185 6.86 Cyclohexane 3.20 PCB174 7.04 1-Methylnaphthalene 3.26 PCB177 7.02 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 3.34 PCB171,202 6.78 tert-Butylbenzene 3.34 PCB180 6.89 Biphenyl 3.37 PCB170 6.82 2,3-Dimethylbutane 3.37 PCB201 7.06 2-Methylpentane 3.51 CHAO 2014 Kang et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Minutes of the IUPAC Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation Division (VIII) Committee Meeting Boston, MA, USA, August 18, 2002
    Minutes of the IUPAC Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation Division (VIII) Committee Meeting Boston, MA, USA, August 18, 2002 Members Present: Dr Stephen Heller, Prof Herbert Kaesz, Prof Dr Alexander Lawson, Prof G. Jeffrey Leigh, Dr Alan McNaught (President), Dr. Gerard Moss, Prof Bruce Novak, Dr Warren Powell (Secretary), Dr William Town, Dr Antony Williams Members Absent: Dr. Michael Dennis, Prof Michael Hess National representatives Present: Prof Roberto de Barros Faria (Brazil) The second meeting of the Division Committee of the IUPAC Division of Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation held in the Great Republic Room of the Westin Hotel in Boston, Massachusetts, USA was convened by President Alan McNaught at 9:00 a.m. on Sunday, August 18, 2002. 1.0 President McNaught welcomed the members to this meeting in Boston and offered a special welcome to the National Representative from Brazil, Prof Roberto de Barros Faria. He also noted that Dr Michael Dennis and Prof Michael Hess were unable to be with us. Each of the attendees introduced himself and provided a brief bit of background information. Housekeeping details regarding breaks and lunch were announced and an invitation to a reception from the U. S. National Committee for IUPAC on Tuesday, August 20 was noted. 2.0 The agenda as circulated was approved with the addition of a report from Dr Moss on the activity on his website. 3.0 The minutes of the Division Committee Meeting in Cambridge, UK, January 25, 2002 as posted on the Webboard (http://www.rsc.org/IUPAC8/attachments/MinutesDivCommJan2002.rtf and http://www.rsc.org/IUPAC8/attachments/MinutesDivCommJan2002.pdf) were approved with the following corrections: 3.1 The name Dr Gerard Moss should be added to the members present listing.
    [Show full text]
  • Combined PIANO Standard
    Combined PIANO Standard Product #: VHG-PIANO-COM-0.1 Lot #: 711069047B Concentration Concentration Component Component (Wt.%) (Wt.%) Isoparaffins Isopentane 0.3371 4-Methylheptane 0.4939 2,3-Dimethylbutane 0.0691 3-Methylheptane 0.8406 2-Methylpentane 0.5031 3-Ethylhexane 0.1097 3-Methylpentane 0.8271 3,3-Dimethylheptane 0.2590 2,2-Dimethylpentane 0.2746 2,5-Dimethylheptane 0.8678 2,4-Dimethylpentane 0.5679 3,5-Dimethylheptane 0.1169 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 0.6042 2,3-Dimethylheptane 0.2288 3,3-Dimethylpentane 0.2873 3,4-Dimethylheptane 0.5668 2-Methylhexane 0.3643 2-Methyloctane 0.5791 2,3-Dimethylpentane 0.2751 3-Methyloctane 0.8645 3-Methylhexane 0.2475 3,3-Diethylpentane 0.2424 3-Ethylpentane 0.0813 2,2-Dimethyloctane 0.5024 2,2-Dimethylhexane 0.2027 3,3-Dimethyloctane 0.4902 2,5-Dimethylhexane 0.5727 2,3-Dimethyloctane 0.5927 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 0.2658 3-Ethyloctane 0.5694 2,4-Dimethylhexane 0.2542 2-Methylnonane 0.5727 2,3-Dimethylhexane 0.2492 3-Methylnonane 0.8889 2-Methylheptane 0.6744 Aromatics Benzene 1.6808 1-Methyl-3-n-propylbenzene 0.4972 Toluene 1.0772 1-Methyl-4-n-propylbenzene 0.5237 Ethylbenzene 1.5918 n-Butylbenzene 0.5198 m-Xylene 0.5341 1,2-Diethylbenzene 0.2577 p-Xylene 1.1328 1-Methyl-2-n-propylbenzene 0.5282 o-Xylene 0.5315 1,4-Dimethyl-2-ethylbenzene 0.5379 Isopropylbenzene 0.5235 1,3-Dimethyl-5-ethylbenzene 0.5176 n-Propylbenzene 1.0731 1,2-Dimethyl-4-ethylbenzene 0.5310 1-Methyl-3-ethylbenzene 0.5181 1,3-Dimethyl-2-ethylbenzene 0.2695 1-Methyl-4-ethylbenzene 0.5104 1,2-Dimethyl-3-ethylbenzene 0.5151 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
    [Show full text]
  • Ethylbenzene- Toxfaqs™ CAS # 100-41-4
    Ethylbenzene- ToxFAQs™ CAS # 100-41-4 This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about ethylbenzene. For more information, call the CDC Information Center at 1-800-232-4636. This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous substances and their health effects. It is important you understand this information because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. HIGHLIGHTS: Ethylbenzene is a colorless liquid found in a number of products including gasoline and paints. Breathing very high levels can cause dizziness and throat and eye irritation. Breathing lower levels has resulted in hearing effects and kidney damage in animals. Ethylbenzene has been found in at least 829 of 1,699 National Priorities List (NPL) sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). What is ethylbenzene? • Releases of ethylbenzene into the air occur from burning oil, gas, and coal and from industries Ethylbenzene is a colorless, flammable liquid that smells using ethylbenzene. like gasoline. • Ethylbenzene is not often found in drinking water. It is naturally found in coal tar and petroleum and is also Higher levels may be found in residential drinking found in manufactured products such as inks, pesticides, water wells near landfills, waste sites, or leaking and paints. underground fuel storage tanks. Ethylbenzene is used primarily to make another chemical, • Exposure can occur if you work in an industry where styrene. Other uses include as a solvent, in fuels, and to ethylbenzene is used or made.
    [Show full text]
  • BUTADIENE AS a CHEMICAL RAW MATERIAL (September 1998)
    Abstract Process Economics Program Report 35D BUTADIENE AS A CHEMICAL RAW MATERIAL (September 1998) The dominant technology for producing butadiene (BD) is the cracking of naphtha to pro- duce ethylene. BD is obtained as a coproduct. As the growth of ethylene production outpaced the growth of BD demand, an oversupply of BD has been created. This situation provides the incen- tive for developing technologies with BD as the starting material. The objective of this report is to evaluate the economics of BD-based routes and to compare the economics with those of cur- rently commercial technologies. In addition, this report addresses commercial aspects of the butadiene industry such as supply/demand, BD surplus, price projections, pricing history, and BD value in nonchemical applications. We present process economics for two technologies: • Cyclodimerization of BD leading to ethylbenzene (DSM-Chiyoda) • Hydrocyanation of BD leading to caprolactam (BASF). Furthermore, we present updated economics for technologies evaluated earlier by PEP: • Cyclodimerization of BD leading to styrene (Dow) • Carboalkoxylation of BD leading to caprolactam and to adipic acid • Hydrocyanation of BD leading to hexamethylenediamine. We also present a comparison of the DSM-Chiyoda and Dow technologies for producing sty- rene. The Dow technology produces styrene directly and is limited in terms of capacity by the BD available from a world-scale naphtha cracker. The 250 million lb/yr (113,000 t/yr) capacity se- lected for the Dow technology requires the BD output of two world-scale naphtha crackers. The DSM-Chiyoda technology produces ethylbenzene. In our evaluations, we assumed a scheme whereby ethylbenzene from a 266 million lb/yr (121,000 t/yr) DSM-Chiyoda unit is combined with 798 million lb/yr (362,000 t/yr) of ethylbenzene produced by conventional alkylation of benzene with ethylene.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethylbenzene Environmental Hazard Summary
    ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS ENCYCLOPEDIA ETHYLBENZENE ENTRY July 1, 1997 COMPILERS/EDITORS: ROY J. IRWIN, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WITH ASSISTANCE FROM COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENT ASSISTANT CONTAMINANTS SPECIALISTS: MARK VAN MOUWERIK LYNETTE STEVENS MARION DUBLER SEESE WENDY BASHAM NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WATER RESOURCES DIVISIONS, WATER OPERATIONS BRANCH 1201 Oakridge Drive, Suite 250 FORT COLLINS, COLORADO 80525 WARNING/DISCLAIMERS: Where specific products, books, or laboratories are mentioned, no official U.S. government endorsement is implied. Digital format users: No software was independently developed for this project. Technical questions related to software should be directed to the manufacturer of whatever software is being used to read the files. Adobe Acrobat PDF files are supplied to allow use of this product with a wide variety of software and hardware (DOS, Windows, MAC, and UNIX). This document was put together by human beings, mostly by compiling or summarizing what other human beings have written. Therefore, it most likely contains some mistakes and/or potential misinterpretations and should be used primarily as a way to search quickly for basic information and information sources. It should not be viewed as an exhaustive, "last-word" source for critical applications (such as those requiring legally defensible information). For critical applications (such as litigation applications), it is best to use this document to find sources, and then to obtain the original documents and/or talk to the authors before depending too heavily on a particular piece of information. Like a library or most large databases (such as EPA's national STORET water quality database), this document contains information of variable quality from very diverse sources.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Perspective on Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene: the Influence of Side-Reactions on Catalytic Performance
    Catalysis Science & Technology A new perspective on catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene: the influence of side-reactions on catalytic performance Journal: Catalysis Science & Technology Manuscript ID: CY-ART-03-2015-000457.R1 Article Type: Paper Date Submitted by the Author: 18-May-2015 Complete List of Authors: Gomez Sanz, Sara; University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology McMillan, Liam; University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology McGregor, James; University of Sheffield, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zeitler, J.; University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering; Al-Yassir, Nabil; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Khattaf, Sulaiman; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Center of Research Excellence in Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Gladden, Lynn; University of Cambridge, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Page 1 of 44 Catalysis Science & Technology The direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene over CrO x/Al 2O3 proceeds via a partially oxidative mechanism due to the formation of CO 2 in situ during reaction. Other side reactions, including coke formation, also play a key role in dictating catalytic performance. Catalysis Science & Technology Page 2 of 44 A new perspective on catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene: the influence of side-reactions on catalytic performance Sara Gomez a, Liam McMillan a, James
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Information for Modeling the Formation and Composition Of
    Supporting Information for Modeling the Formation and Composition of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Diesel Exhaust Using Parameterized and Semi-explicit Chemistry and Thermodynamic Models Sailaja Eluri1, Christopher D. Cappa2, Beth Friedman3, Delphine K. Farmer3, and Shantanu H. Jathar1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 80523 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA, 95616 3 Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 80523 Correspondence to: Shantanu H. Jathar ([email protected]) Table S1: Mass speciation and kOH for VOC emissions profile #3161 3 -1 - Species Name kOH (cm molecules s Mass Percent (%) 1) (1-methylpropyl) benzene 8.50×10'() 0.023 (2-methylpropyl) benzene 8.71×10'() 0.060 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene 3.27×10'(( 0.056 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 3.25×10'(( 0.246 1,2-diethylbenzene 8.11×10'() 0.042 1,2-propadiene 9.82×10'() 0.218 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 5.67×10'(( 0.088 1,3-butadiene 6.66×10'(( 0.088 1-butene 3.14×10'(( 0.311 1-methyl-2-ethylbenzene 7.44×10'() 0.065 1-methyl-3-ethylbenzene 1.39×10'(( 0.116 1-pentene 3.14×10'(( 0.148 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 3.34×10'() 0.139 2,2-dimethylbutane 2.23×10'() 0.028 2,3,4-trimethylpentane 6.60×10'() 0.009 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene 5.38×10'(( 0.014 2,3-dimethylhexane 8.55×10'() 0.005 2,3-dimethylpentane 7.14×10'() 0.032 2,4-dimethylhexane 8.55×10'() 0.019 2,4-dimethylpentane 4.77×10'() 0.009 2-methylheptane 8.28×10'() 0.028 2-methylhexane 6.86×10'()
    [Show full text]
  • G.J. Chemical Company, Inc. Safety Data Sheet
    G.J. CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC. SAFETY DATA SHEET . PRODUCT IDENTIFIER 1.1 PRODUCT NAME:------------> Hexane (All Grades) MIXTURE OF ISOMERS PRODUCT NUMBER(S)----------> 175300, 175310 TRADE NAMES/SYNONYMS----> Mixture of n-Hexane and Hexane isomers CAS-No: 110-54-3 CHEMICAL FAMILY: Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 1.2 RELEVANT IDENTIFIED USES OF THE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE AND USES ADVISED AGAINST RECOMMENDED USE: Manufacture of substances. Laboratory chemicals. USES ADVISED AGAINST: No information available 1.3 DETAILS OF THE SUPPLIER OF THE SAFETY DATA SHEET Company: G.J. CHEMICAL CO., INC. Address: 40 VERONICA AVENUE SOMERSET, NJ 08873 Telephone: 1-973-589-1450 Fax: 1-973-589-3072 1.4 Emergency Telephone Number Emergency Phone: 1-800-424-9300 (CHEMTREC) . HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture GHS Classification in accordance with 29CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) Flammable liquids (Category 2), H225 Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 Eye irritation (Category 2A), H319 Reproductive toxicity (Category 2), H361f Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3), Central Nervous system, H336 Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure, Oral (Category 2), H373 Aspiration hazard (Category 1), H304 Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 2), H401 Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 2), H411 2.2 GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements Pictogram GHS02 GHS08 GHS07 GHS09 Signal word: DANGER Hazard statement(s) H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapor. H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. H315 Causes skin irritation. H319 Causes serious eye irritation. H336 May cause drowsiness or dizziness. H361f Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure if swallowed.
    [Show full text]
  • US and Canadian
    Version: 1.0 Revision Date: 03/14/2018 SAFETY DATA SHEET 1. Identification Material name: TREMPLY TPO BONDING ADHESIVE 5 GL Material: 423300 805 Recommended use and restriction on use Recommended use : Adhesive Restrictions on use: Not known. Manufacturer/Importer/Supplier/Distributor Information Tremco U.S. Roofing 3735 Green Road Beachwood OH 44122 US Contact person : EH&S Department Telephone : 216-292-5000 Emergency telephone number : 1-800-424-9300 (US); 1-613-996-6666 (Canada) 2. Hazard(s) identification Hazard Classification Physical Hazards Flammable liquids Category 2 Health Hazards Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2 Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 2A Germ Cell Mutagenicity Category 1B Carcinogenicity Category 1B Toxic to reproduction Category 2 Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Category 1 Repeated Exposure Unknown toxicity - Health Acute toxicity, oral 22.57 % Acute toxicity, dermal 22.72 % Acute toxicity, inhalation, vapor 37.75 % Acute toxicity, inhalation, dust 100 % or mist Environmental Hazards Acute hazards to the aquatic Category 3 environment Unknown toxicity - Environment 1/20 000000026448 Version: 1.0 Revision Date: 03/14/2018 Acute hazards to the aquatic 24.15 % environment Chronic hazards to the aquatic 100 % environment Label Elements Hazard Symbol : Signal Word: Danger Hazard Statement: Highly flammable liquid and vapour. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure if inhaled. Harmful to aquatic life. Precautionary Statements Prevention: Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. Keep container tightly closed. Ground and bond container and receiving equipment.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommendations for Exposure-Based Assessmentpdf Icon
    60 3. Recommendation for Exposure-Based Assessment of Joint Toxic Action of the Mixture Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes frequently occur together at hazardous waste sites. The four chemicals are volatile and have good solvent properties. Toxicokinetic studies in humans and animals indicate that these chemicals are well absorbed, distribute to lipid-rich and highly vascular tissues such as the brain, bone marrow, and body fat due to their lipophilicity, and are rapidly eliminated from the body (Appendices A, B, C, and D). Metabolism of the four chemicals is dose-dependent and generally extensive at dose levels that do not saturate the first metabolic step of each compound, which involves cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed function oxidases. The predominant cytochrome P-450 isozyme involved in the metabolism of each chemical is CYP2E1. As discussed in Chapter 2 and the Appendices, all four chemicals can produce neurological impairment via parent compound-induced physical and chemical changes in nervous system membranes. Exposure to benzene can additionally cause hematological effects including aplastic anemia, with subsequent manifestation of acute myelogenous leukemia, via the action of reactive metabolites. No data are available on toxic or carcinogenic responses to whole mixtures of BTEX. To conduct exposure-based assessments of possible health hazards from BTEX in the absence of these data, a component-based approach that considers both the shared (neurologic) and unique (hematologic/ immunologic/carcinogenic) critical effects of the chemicals is recommended. In particular, as explained below, it is advised that (1) the Hazard Index approach be used to assess the joint neurotoxic hazard of the four mixture components, and (2) the hematological and carcinogenic hazards be assessed on a benzene- specific basis.
    [Show full text]