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Index of Authors (Medieval & Pre-modern)

Abraham ben David (Ravad), 157 Judah ha-hasid, 32 Abudraham, David, 45 Judah Loewe of Prague (Mahral), 45 Adret (also ben Adret), Solomon, 130 Anatoli, Jacob, 46, 122 Karo, Joseph, 130, 133 Asher (Rosh), 125 Azulai, Hayim Yosef David (HYDA), 130 Manasseh ben Israel, 171 Margoliot, Moses ben Simeon, 129 Bacharach, Yair, 176 Meiri, Menahem, 46, 130 Moses Alashkar, 42 Edels, Samuel (Maharsha), 137 Moses ben Maimon (Maimonides or Rambam), 9, 22, 36, 42, 44, 46–48, Gershom (Meor ha-Golah), 3–4 63, 65, 100–101, 104, 125, 134, Gunzburg, Aryeh Leib, 42 137, 159 Moses ben Nahman (Nahmanides or Hananel (ben Hushiel), 36 Ramban), 93, 157 Heller, Yomtov Lipman, 129 Nissim Gerondi (Ran), 23 Ibn Ezra, Abraham, 145, 162 Ibn Shuaib, Joshua, 122 Qimhi, David (Radaq), 64 Isserles, Moses (Rama), 140 Samson of Sens, 157 Jonah ben Abraham Gerondi, 32 Sofer, Moses (Hatam Sofer), 88

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Index of Citations from Rabbinic Literature

A.Z. 3a, 103 Gen. Rab. 45:14, 36 A.Z. 5a, 64 Gen. Rab. 49:2, 149 A.Z. 22b, 99 Gen. Rab. 63:8, 36 A.Z. 43b, 36 Gen. Rab. 78:11, 13, 135 A.Z. 53b, 57 Gen. Rab. 85:6, 3 Avot of R. Nathan B, 104 Git. 60a, 72 Git. 89b, 140 B.B. 17a, 64 Git. 90b, 25 B.B. 98b, 57 B.B. 109a, 113 Hag. 3a, 114 B.B. 119b, 113 Hag. 4a, 73, 118 B.Q. 15a, 39 Hag. 6a-b, 72 B.Q. 38a, 53, 103 Hag. 6b, 98 B.Q. 110b-111a, 141 Hag. 12b, 128 B.Q. 111a, 140 Hag. 14a, 109 Bekh. 47a, 167 Hor. 13a, 131 Ber. 16b, 53 Hor. 13b, 116 Ber. 17a, 105 Hul. 141a, 46 Ber. 20b, 69 Hul. 27b, 107 Ber. 28a, 110 Ber. 2a, 57 Ker. 5a, 22 Ber. 31b, 137 Ker. 7b, 118 Ber. 60b, 169 Ket. 15b, 133 Bez. 15b, 173 Ket. 28b, 118 Bez. 40a, 57 Ket. 40b, 142 Ket. 56a, 63 Eruv. 63a, 137 Ket. 61b, 167 Eruv. 100b, 64, 141 Ket. 65a, 125 Eruv. 104a, 57 Ket. 67a-b, 61, 130 Ket. 75a, 140 Gen. Rab. 18:3, 141 Ket. 77a, 4 Gen. Rab. 20:12, 36 Ket. 8a, 36

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Index of Citations from Rabbinic Literature 191

M. Arak. 8:6, 94 M. Ohal. 5:4, 55 M. Avot 1:5, 115 M. Ohal. 9:9, 60 M. Avot 2:1, 104 M. Peah 8:4, 60 M. Avot 2:3, 63 M. Pes. 1:4, 138 M. Avot 2:10, 112 M. Pes. 2:7, 54 M. Avot 2:16, 91 M. Pes. 3:4, 54 M. Avot 3:1, 169 M. Pes. 9:5, 77 M. Avot 3:5, 91 M. Qid. 1:7, 41–42, 67, 115 M. Avot 6:9, 115 M. Qid. 1:9, 91 M. B.B. 9:7, 111 M. Qid. 1:12, 139 M. B.M. 5:9, 55 M. Qid. 2:7, 31 M. B.Q. 10:9, 55 M. R.H. 1:7, 168 M. Bekh. 1:7, 3 M. R.H. 1:8, 42 M. Ber. 9:5, 105 M. R.H. 2:5, 116 M. Bez. 5:4, 54 M. R.H. 2:7, 91 M. Bik. 1:3, 42 M. San. 4:1, 42 M. Bik. 1:4, 168 M. San. 4:5, 35 M. Bik. 1:5, 42 M. San. 5:4, 138 M. Bik. 1:6, 42 M. San. 6:5 M. Dem. 2:3, 128, 166 M. San. 7:4, 124 M. Edu. 1:14, 166 M. San. 9:1, 22 M. Git. 5:9, 54 M. Shab. 6:1, 54 M. Git. 9:10, 4 M. Shab. 6:4, 108 M. Hal. 1:7, 54 M. Shab. 18:2, 54 M. Hal. 2:3, 54 M. Shab. 18:3, 116 M. Hal. 4:1, 54 M. Shab. 23:1, 54 M. Hal. 4:10, 42 M. Shevi. 2:1, 176 M. Hor. 3:6, 134 M. Shevi. 5:9, 54 M. Hor. 3:7, 61, 127, 166 M. Shevu. 7:8, 55 M. Hor. 3:8, 166 M. Sot. 1:5, 98 M. Kel. 1:4, 89 M. Sot. 1:7, 91 M. Kel. 1:6, 96 M. Sot. 3:1, 112 M. Kel. 2:1, 55 M. Sot. 3:4, 98, 108, 112, 114 M. Kel. 8:11, 55 M. Sot. 3:8, 42 M. Ker. 1:1, 124 M. Suk. 3:10, 54 M. Ker. 6:9, 65 M. Suk. 3:15, 54 M. Ket. 5:5, 54 M. Tah. 2:1, 55 M. Ket. 9:2, 166 M. Tah. 3:8, 60 M. Ma‘aser Sheni 4:10, 60 M. Tah. 5:2, 61 M. Makh. 5:11, 55 M. Tah. 7:6, 98 M. Men. 10 [6]:6, 42 M. Tah. 7.8, 61 M. Miq. 8:5, 88 M. Tah 7.9, 55, 138 M. M.Q. 1:7, 54 M. Yev. 1.1, 9 M. M.Q. 3:8, 54 M. Yev. 6:5, 167–168 M. Naz. 2:7, 15 M. Yev. 6:6, 35, 43, 62 M. Ned. 3:11, 149 M. Yev. 11:1, 31 M. Neg. 2:4, 57 M. Yom. 8:9, 91 M. Neg. 7:1, 65 M. Zev. 14:4–8 120 M. Ohal. 2:3, 60 Mak. 11a, 46 M. Ohal. 3:7, 60 Mak. 22a, 111 M. Ohal. 4:1, 60 Meg. 14a, 36

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192 Index of Citations from Rabbinic Literature

Meg. 14b, 116, 121, 137 R.H. 24b, 36 Meg. 31b, 65 Ruth Rab. 2:23, 116 Meg. 3a, 110 Meg. 6b, 133 San. 7b, 109 Mekhilta, xi, 27, 36, 119–120, 133, San. 8b, 128 138, 148 San. 19b, 7, 169 Men. 43a, 44 San. 20b-21a, 62 Men. 43b, 40 San. 22a, 121 Men. 45b, 174 San. 28a, 57 Men. 83a, 46 San. 34a-b, 87 Moed Qatan 28a, 126 San. 38b, 14, 148 San. 44a, 148 Naz. 59a, 108 San. 56a-60a, 120 Naz. 61a, 118 San. 59a, 103 Ned. 32a, 149 San. 68a, 112 Nid. 13a, 111 San. 73a, 133 Nid. 16b, 126 San. 74a, 134 Nid. 64a, 124 San. 75a-b, 22 San. 76b, 20, 22 Pes. 5a, 138 San. 93b, 109 Pes. 12b, 139 San. 96a-b, 176 Pes. 18b, 23 San. 97b, 109 Pes. 25b, 134 Shab. 31b–32a, 104 Pes. 63b, 138 Shab. 33b, 44, 139 Pes. 65a, 117 Shab. 55a, 178 Pes. 96a, 77 Shab. 63a, 109 Pesiqta of R. Kahana, 96, 107 Shab. 64b, 88 Pirqe R. Eliezer, 99, 149 Shab. 86a–b, 92 Shab. 86b, 72 Qid 2b, 61, 144 Shab. 88b, 128 Qid. 4a, 23 Shab. 92b Qid. 19b, 63 Shab. 116a, 46 Qid. 29a, 100 Shab. 119a, 107 Qid. 29b, 112, 115 Shab. 130a, 148 Qid. 30b, 63 Shab. 132a, 46 Qid. 31a, 66, 134 Shab. 137b, 149 Qid. 31b, 107 Shab. 146a, 99 Qid. 33–36, 41, 47, 135 Shab. 156a-b, 126 Qid. 34a, 46, 117 Shevu. 30a, 42, 139 Qid. 35a, 63 beginning of Behar, 72 Qid. 38a, 175 Sifra Nedaba 2:2, 98 Qid. 41a, 107 Sifra to Lev 11:33, 55 Qid. 52b, 98 Sifra to Lev 13:2, 65 Qid. 68b, 157 Sifra to Lev 15:33, 88 Qid. 69a, 57, 62 Sifra to Lev 17:6, 119 Qid. 73a, 41 Sifra to Lev 18:6, 124 Qid. 76b, 156 Sifra to Lev 19:3, 46, 63 Qid. 80b, 139 Sifra to Lev 19:16, 133 Sifra to Lev 19:25, 97 R.H. 10b-11a, 72 Sifra to Lev 24:10, 157 R.H. 16b, 116 Sifre Dt 49, 112

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Index of Citations from Rabbinic Literature 193

Sifre Dt 175, 40 Y. San. 2:2 [20b], 121 Sifre Dt 226, 108 Y. San. 2:3 [20b], 64 Sifre Dt 344, 53 Y. San. 11:5, 175 Sifre Num, 44, 79, 107, Y. Shab. 6:1 [7d], 140 164, 175 Y. Shevu. 4:1 [35b], 42, 139 Sofrim 13:6, 105 Y. Sot. 1:10 [17c], 174 Sot. 11a, 175 Y. Sot. 3:4 [18d-19a], 114 Sot. 20b, 98 Y. Sot. 3:4 [19a], 111, 141 Sot. 21a, 101, 103, 106 Y. Sot. 7:1[21b], 36 Sot. 37a-b, 69 Y. Suk. 1:1 [51d], 40 Suk. 20a, 107 Y. Ta‘an. 4:6 [68d], 109, 144 Suk. 21b, 57 Y. Yev. 2:6 [4a], 157 Suk. 25a-b, 153 Y. Yev. 6:6 [7d], 62 Suk. 28a-b, 47 Y. Yom. 1:1 [38d], 32 Yev. 3a, 22 T. Ber. 6:23, 40 Yev. 5b, 65 T. Hag. 3:13, 166 Yev. 21a-b, 21 T. Ket. 4:7, 116 Yev. 22a, 167 T. Men. 7:4, 164 Yev. 39b, 3 T. Shab. 1:7, 166 Yev. 45b, 156 T. Shab. 16:5, 124 Yev. 47b, 116, 167 T. Sot. 8:7, 69 Yev. 48b, 167 T. Sot. 11:9, 7, 169 Yev. 49b, 169 T. Yev. 6:10, 3 Yev. 54b, 89 T. Yom. 1:10, 166 Yev. 62a, 167 Tanhuma to Gen 5:29, 64 Yev. 62b, 20 Tanhuma, Emor 2, 175 Yev. 64b, 124–125 Tg. to 2Sam 20:18, 116 Yev. 65b, 62, 144 Tg. to 2Sam 21:8, 169 Yev. 84b, 41 Yev. 97b, 167 Y. B.Q. 4:3 [4b], 53 Yev. 102a, 156 Y. Ber. 9:1 [12d-13a], 107 Yev. 103a, 121 Y. Ber. 9:1 [13b], 40 Yev. 103b, 99 Y. Ber. 9:3 [14b top], 36 Yev. 109b, 109 Y. Bik. 1:4 [64a], 160, 168 Yom. 3b, 174 Y. Git. (end), 88 Yom. 13a, 32 Y. Hor. 3:4 [48b], 129 Yom. 33a-b, 133 Y. M.Q. 3:5 [82c], 65 Yom. 42b, 23 Y. Meg. 4:2 [75a], 118 Yom. 43a, 23 Y. Ned. 3:2 [37d], 16 Yom. 66b, 116 Y. Pe’ah 1:1 [15c], 104 Yom. 67b, 164 Y. Pe’ah 1:1 [15d], 68 Yom. 69b, 178 Y. Pe’ah. 1:1 [16a], 175 Yom. 75a, 4 Y. Pes. 1:4 [27c], 139 Yom. 84b-85a, 133 Y. Pes. 5:4 [32b], 138 Y. Qid. 3:12 [64d], 157 Zev. 83b, 87

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Index of Names (Hebrew Bible)

Aaron, 62, 78–79, 99, 119, 153–155, Jacob, 6–7, 135, 146 169, 174 Jael, 109, 121 Abigail, 116, 121 Jeremiah, 13–14, 137, 157, 175 Abihu, 153 Joseph, 127–128, 174 Abraham, 7, 11, 85, 143, 145, 147, 149, Joshua, 26, 146–147 165, 168, 174 Josiah, 110, 137 Achan, 148 Judah, 125 Adam, 37–38, 64–65, 148, 165, 169 Artaxerxes, 52–53 Laban, 80 Lot, 127 Bathsheba, 121 Malachi, 2, 25–26 Coniah, 13–14 Merab, 7, 168 Miriam, 37, 142 Darius, 52–53 Moses, 3–4, 7, 20, 37, 41, 44, David, 7, 11, 13–14, 26, 119, 121 47, 52, 68–69, 90, 92–93, Deborah, 85, 116, 142 99, 109, 142–143, 145, 147–148, 154–155, Eleazar, 26 159, 169, 172–174 Eliezer of Damascus, 13 Elijah, 148 Er, 125 Nadab, 153 Esther, 85, 121 Naomi, 85, 116, 169 Eve, 37–38, 49, 63–65 Nebuchadnezzar, 176 Ezekiel, 57, 82, 98, 147, 159, 163 Nebuzaradan, 175 Ezra, 51–53, 156–157 Noadiah, 121 Noah, 64, 77, 127, 143 Hananiah, 175 Hannah, xvi, 85 Onan, 125 Heber, 109 Hosea, 2, 152, 163 Pharaoh, 153 Huldah, xvi, 85, 110, 116, 137, 142 Phineas, 144

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Index of Names 195

Rachel, 80 Solomon, 62, 98, 120 Rebecca, 36 Ruth, 16, 116 Tamar, 125

Sarah, 7, 36, 85, 165 Zadok, 26, 62 Saul, 7, 175 Zechariah, 175 Shecaniah, 156–157 Zipporah, 145 Sisera, 109, 121

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Index of Names (Talmudic)

Abayye, 62, 125, 139 Hillel, 55, 106 Abba Eleazar, 98 R. Huna, 140 Abba Saul, 3 R. Hiyya of Kefar Tahmin, 104 R. Antignas 128–129 Homa, 125 Aqavia b. Mahalalel, 169 Hyrqanos, 111 R. Aqiva, 4, 22, 88, 97, 109, 116, 137 R. Il'a, 62 R. Ashi, 124 R. Ishmael, 22, 54

R. Ba b. Kahana, 36 R. Jacob of Kefar Hanen, 36 Bar Kokhba (Ben Koziba), 109, 144 Jacob of Kefar Nibburaya, 156 Ben Azzai, 108, 112–115 R. Johanan (Nappaha), 46 R. Berakhia, 104 R. Johanan ben Beroqa, 35, 62, 113 Beruria, 103, 116, 122 Rabban Johanan ben Zakkai, 96, 109 R. Joshua, 60, 101, 114 R. Dimi, 62, 106 R. , 118, 128, 168 R. Eleazar (Lazar) ben Azariah, 110, R. Judah (amora), 36 113–114 R. Judah (tanna), 40, 54, 60–61, 138, R. Eleazar ben Phila, 138 167–168 R. Eleazar Hisma, 114 Judah the Patriarch (Ribbi), 53, 62, 104 R. Eleazar ben R. Simeon, 62 R. Eliezer, 101, 108, 111–114, 116, 141, Mar Zutra, 132 168, 173, 176 R. Meir, 40, 60, 102–104, 138 Eliyahu (school of), 139 Rav (R. Abba), 41, 160 R. Gam[a]liel, 54, 110 Rava, 125, 134 Ravina, 101, 107, 131–132 R. Haggai, 156 R. Hama b. Uqba, 118 R. Samuel ben Isaac, 113 R. Hamnuna, 140 , 168 R. Hananel, 160 Shebna, 106 R. Hananiah ben Aqashia, 67, 115 R. Shila (school of), 137

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Index of Names 197

R. Simeon ben Judah of Kefar Akko, 69 Yose ben Johanan of Jerusalem, Simeon the brother of Azariah, 106 115 R. Yose ben R. Haninah, 118 R. Tarphon, 62, 166 R. Yose ben Zimrah, 62, 109

R. Yose, 7, 61, 139, 167 Ulla, 106

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General Index

Abolition, 56 Circumcision, 72, 143–152, 159, Abundance of misvot, 39 162, 165 Adultery, 3, 11, 19, 29, 33 Combat – not a woman’s job, Afterlife, 96, 105, 170 144 Age of the world, 72 Comely-captive law, 27 Agenda, 57 Corinthians, 29 Altar, 77–78, 95, 155, 163 Covenant, 2, 28, 68–69, 72, 76, 93, Am ha-ares,128–129, 166–167 143–152, 156, 160 Animal sacrifice,163–164 Curses – precative or prescriptive?, 64 Anthropology, 136 Apocryphal Lamentations A, 13 Dangers, 102 Aquila, 64 Daughters of Aaron, 41, 80 Aristotle, 122 Dead Sea Scrolls, 1–4 Decalogue, 66, 92 Babylon/Babylonian, 52, 106, 151, Defilement see( Purity), 13, 72–74, 175–176 86–89, 95–98, 131–133, Balcony see Gallery 153–155, 159 Barren wives, 107 Democratization, 166 Bathing see Miqveh Demonism, 96 Ben Sira (Ecclesiasticus), 13, 102 Derekh, 60–62 Bioethical scale, 135 Determinism, 136 Body (see Soul), 87, 98, 153–170 Diversity in the Bible, 173 Divorce, 9, 11, 24–30 Caste, 161, 163 Doctor’s dilemma, 129 CD, 5–6, 8, 10–12, 18, 20–22, 24, Documentary hypotheses, 177 26–29, 31–32 Dualism, 95 Centralization, 119–120 Charismatic Judaisms, 163 Equality, 1, 35, 72, 76, 119–123, Chauvinism, 134 165 Childbirth, 65, 81, 85, Eschatology, 105, 170 98, 158 Ethnic solidarity, 148 Christianity, 120–121 Euthyphro, xiii

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General Index 199

Evil inclination, 97 Keeners, 55 Expediency, 176 Kolbo, 149

Feminism, 3 Ladies subtext, 57 Fossils, 177 Levirate marriage, 12, 16, 24, 26, Funerals, 64, 95 113, 117 Levites, 52, 69, 75, 79, 103, 154–155, Gallery (in synagogues), ix 160, 162 Gender stereotyping, 58 Luke, 3, 29 Genealogy, 148, 150, 152–153, 158, 168 Golden calf, 111 Maccabees, 148 Greek societies, 56 Mahzor Vitry, 116 Manavadharmasastra (Manu), 51 Haber, 128–129 Mark, 3, 27, 29 Hakhamah and hakhamot, 116, 122 Maternal instinct, 141 Halakhah, 4, 28–29, 41, 49, 56–57, Matron, 111, 116 59, 61, 64–65, 98, 116–117, 127, Matthew, 27, 29 136–137, 139, 141, 156, 168, Meals, 42, 73–82, 159–160 176–177 Merit, 39, 101–102, 105, 107 Halakhah le-moshe mi-sinai, 44 Methodology, xii Harmonization, 26, 94, 130, 172–173 Midrash Eshet Hayil, 116 Hekhalot, 36 Midwife, 116 Henotheism, 157 Milhamta shel Torah, 109 Higher criticism, 71, 147 Miqveh, 88 Hittite law, 18 Monogamy, 16, 25, 32, 35, 72, 161 Holy seed, 156, 162 Monogyny, 12, 74–82 Humanism, xiii Monolatry, 91 Monotheism, 91–95 Idioms, 90 Morality, 11 Idolatry, 33, 56, 148 Idols, 36, 65, 70, 167 Nazarite, 41, 153–154 Imitatio Dei, 159 Neophyti (targum), 18, 108, 154 Immolation rites, 80 Niddah, 13, 81, 87–88, 98, 104 Incest, 7, 10–12, 17–20, 22, 33, 124 Noahide laws, 120 Inflections – masculine and feminine,86 Non-Torah mores, 56 Inheritance law, 16 Invitation to men and women, 113 Obedience, 104–105, 108, 164 Iron-age forebears, 164 Occultism, 95 Onqelos, 108 Jerusalem, 52–53, 110, 115, 119–120, Ontological questions, 169 137, 164, 175 Original Sin, 64 Jesus, 3, 27, 29 Orphan, 56, 61, 74–76, 95, 114, 130 Jinxiness, 125 Jonathan (targum), 110 Parturient, 85, 87–88 Josephus, 98, 137, 139 Passover, 42, 53–54, 77, 138, 153, Jubilees, 13, 37 162, 176 Judith, 108, 121 Patrilineality, 11, 151–152, 156, 157 Persia, 51–53, 163 Kabbalah, 122 Pesiqta of R. Kahana, 96, 107 Kaddish, 176–177 Pharisaism/Pharisees, 5–6, 29, 108, 122, Kallah, 88 128, 137, 159, 166, 170

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200 General Index

Philistines, 147 Sefer ha-Kanah, 117 Philo, 31, 145, 149 Selem, 35, 165 Pilgrimage, 68, 76 Septuagint (or LXX), 13–15, 18, 25, 64, Politico-halakhism, 177 69–70, 113, 145, 154, 159 Polygamy, 3, 28, 31–32 Shechem, 146 Polygyny, 1–5, 10, 12, 19, 21, 29, 31, 64 Shehitah by women, 139 Pragmatism, 18, 176 Shemitah, 146–147 Pre-Sinaitic revelation, 65 Shulhan Arukh, 125 Priests, 3, 26, 41, 52, 68–69, 71, 73, 78, Siloam Inscription, 146 82, 92, 103, 131, 143, 150–152, Sisit, 44, 110 160, 163–164, 166–167 Social convention, 63 Priests’ marriage options, 24–26, 32, Sotah, 98 41, 168 Soul (see Body), 105, 121–123, 159–161, Procrustean suffocation, 163 163, 167, 169 Prophet, xiii–xiv Spinsters, 107 Prophetess, 36, 85, 120–122 Spoon-feeding, 22 Proselytes, 156, 162, 167–168 Status quo, 50, 177 Pseudo-Jonathan (targum), 110 Psychology, 108, 136–137, 141 Taboos, 82 Purity (see Defilement),46 , 61, 72–75, Temple Scroll, 12, 27–28, 97, 154 79–80, 82–83, 85, 87, Teshuvah, 163 89–91, 93–95, 97–98, 128, Testimony, 42, 138–139 142, 151–153, 157, 159–160, Theodotion, 64 162, 166 Tiflut, 101, 111, 114 Timothy, 38 Qinyan Torah, 103, 115 Tithe, 74–75, 79, 95, 111 Qumran, 4, 6, 13, 21–22, 25–31, 89 Torah as elixir, 104 Quran, 38 Tosafot, 15, 18, 46, 88, 131–133, 175 Rainbow, 143 Tur (Arba’ah Turim), 125, 131 Recycling, 169 Red heifer, 96 Uncovenanted outsiders, 160 Reductionism, 136 Respectability and shamefulness, 142 Vicarious expiation, 107 Resurrection, 96, 128 Vows of wives and daughters, 66 Revelation, 37, 68, 77, 91, 119, 171, 173, 176, 178 Weltanschauung, x Reward and punishment, 105 Women officiants atbamot , 119 Rib-woman, 37–38 Women who ministered, 161 Ritual holiness, 92, 95, 98, 153 Women’s court, 97–98 Rival-wife, 8–9 Women’s estrangement from Torah, 102 Rome, 53, 109 Xenophobia, 157 Sabbath, 54–55, 94, 96, 104, 108, 114, 139, 143, 147, 156 Yavneh (Jamnia), 111 Samaritan Pentateuch, 70, 154, 159 Yeshivah, 110 Scholiasts, 63 Seder Olam, 36 Zelophehad’s daughters, 113, 135, 162 Seder va-Amoraim, 116 Zohar, 40, 145

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