Mites) of Bats of Oregon

John O. Whitaker,Jf. Department of Life Sciences Indiana State University Terre llaute, Indiana 47809 Conrad E. Yunker Ipidemiology Branch Rocky Mountain Laboratories DHHS, NIH, and NIAID Hamilton, Montana 59840 ancl Chris Masetl Puget Sound Museum of Natuml History University of Puget Sound Tacoma, Vashiogton !g4l(

Acarine Ectoparasites(Mites) of Bats of Oregon,

Abslract Six hundred aod ninety-eight bats, representing seven genera and rwelve species, were collecred in Uregon. and.exam'ned tor ec1oparasiric mires. Thirry-one species of otites io eight famiJies were tound,, including a new species of macronyssid mite o^ Ntolir californiczs. M. erotit, M. l$.il,rgr1r, M, rolant. M.'y*mdnentis, Epteti.Lr Ilttzt, and las;ofiyteir no.tiMaant. , .New hosts for previously _koown species are: Myotir californ;c ! (Al,abid.ocarpas calcarat*t), M. Irtrtl,tg,tt.tCr)plon)t:ttr (Spintlrnix tletttltorirAl, M. entit ameicanust. M. uolans 1C, dewltotitt, J.,bakett, J. gtobor r, Atdtltbopbthrrtat sp. ^t. gru.ilit, pterarea! sp. nt. minrrlr$ dafumtoni, 4tabtdo.a,ptt.(dltarat r. Notoedret {BdketuralL:l sp.t, Epteti.ur lsnar. I Notaedret t Batreracaratt sp,t,^nd rtp,nreu*J betPettt \ Lepratfombrdtrm m)ot$)- Fjrst , records for Oregon are: MACRONYSSID AE, Cryptonj$kt denborhu, Mdcrontttrr.' lunf,tretottr,- N. md.rodactyl/:, Stedtontstt r anrrozoi, S, emargixat*s, S. lwnani; SplNTUn\l- \ tUAEt Jptnltrrnr^ bdke/t, 5. globa! S MYOBTTDAE: Pt?rurarur sp. nr. ninnzs daabentont, p. atul.zt, A2nthophthilint sp. n. grztili.t, A. caadatas eptesicat; TROMBI( LjDAEt Albe;h;a re"ate,. Leptatrcmbidi n myotir, Wbarrofuia perplexa, Loomitia anic,ari; LABIDOCARPIDAE: AIdbidoet|pt6 ral.dr.t*ri NOTOEDRIDAE Notoedres r Bakencarus) sp.

Inlroduclion Several papers provide information on pamsitic mites of Oregoa mammals: Whitaker and Vilsoo (1974, host-parasitelist), Maser and Vhitaker (1!80, Heteromyidae), Radovsky (1967, Macronyssidae), Rudnick ( 1960, Spinturaicidae), Eastoo (1975, chiggers), Whitaker (1979, Zdpus tdn(Jtattur),$Thitaker and Maser (1979, Arborimut arld Lag*rt s), Whitaker et al. (L979, Aplodon id), $Thitaker e, al. (1979, moles), and IThitaker er dl, (1980, shrews). Howevef, little of this informatioo per.arns.o eqo- parasitic mites of Oregon bats. I7e present information frequency aod abundanceof mites on rhe bats of Oreeon. lPresent address: Iorestry SciencesLaboratory, 1200 Jeffersod Way, C-otvallis, OrcEon g'l13l- 2A.contribution of the Oregon Coasr Ecological Suryey, Puget Sound Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound,Tacoma, lgashingtoo 984t6.

Norwthwest SciencgVol. 57,No.2, 1983 97 Methodsand Materials Bats wefe collectedmostly by n-ristnetting or by shoGting;they were brushed over a pao aIld their fur *'as examinedby meansof a dissectingmicroscope. Mites were pre- served in 70 percent alcohol, cleared in Nesbitt's soiution, and mouored in Hoyer's solution.

Resultsand Discussion Ectoparasiteswere obtained {rom 698 bats, represeotitrg12 speciesand seven genela. Betn'eeo 21 and 154 individuals of each speciesof bat q'ere examined, excePt for Mlolit leibi ar'd, Latiara: ci ercM, of v'hich only one and five, respectively,wele examined.Data on mires o{ bats of the genusilflorr: are summarizedin Table 1; rhose of speciesof other geoera in Table 2. Thirty-one sPeciesof mites, distributed among eight families, were found. Collection data are given where new distributiooal records are involved. Except where ooted,all specimensq'ere collectedby ooe of us (C. Maser).

Californiamyotis {Myolis californicus) Six speciesof mites s'ere fouod on J1 of 94 California myotis Parasitized (32.9 per cenr), but only tv/o macronyssids,Mactonl$ut crasbyi and an uodescribedspecies, were found on more than one host individual. Macronyssuscrosbyi is ofter Iovrd ot Myotit (\flhitaker and $0ilson 7974). and the ne\\' species,which will be described subse- quenrly, is common oo Oregon bats. The other mite speciesfound were Crlptottyttut desultorias, Leptatror .b;ditunt.myotit, Alabidocaryus calcaratus, ar,d Haemogamatts

Mites previouslyreported from.l{. calilornicwsare Ischyropoda anndrtur' Ctitplanltr'tur des toriut, Macrovyrat crotbyi, Leptotrotnbidiam myotit, ar,d l&'harronid per|lexd (Whitaker and Wilson 1974, Brcntnn and Beck, 1956). Radovsky (1967) recorded rhree specimeosof Cryptony$l./.rfuom M. californictr but did not have enough material upoo which to make a specific identificatiot\. HdettuogamdJa!arnbulans }:..aC, r.ot been previously recorded on this host. The occulrence of this parasite of small tetresuial martunalson bats is consideredaccidental. New distributional rccord! CrlPton!$u devhotius, 1 protonymph, Malhzur Co., CottonvroodCreek, 23 August 1975. Leptotrornbiditm myotir,9 Ia:'.iae,Wallowa Co., 9.5 mi. NNE !0a11owa,12 August 1975; t 115 larvaeon 4 hosts,Vallowa Co., Rock- wall Spring, 11 August 1977. Alabidocarfw! cdlcardtlts2 t, Lincoln Co., 1 mi. NE Otis, 21 August 1971. Of these, C, desaltoriut ar,d L. nzyotit are first records for Oregon, an.4,A, calc dtas had not previouslybeen reported ftom Myotis californtcus.

Long-earedmyotis (Myolis evotis) Sixteen of 10) long-earedmyotis (15.2 percert) yielded Parasites.The only sPecies fecovered were Mactonlttat ctosbyi, the new macronyssid sPecies,and Spintutnir

Macronysrat crotbli, S. anze can J, ar'd Leptotrombid,iummyoris have previously been reported bom M. euotit ( \flhitaker and Wilson 1974,Aodersen and Jooes 1971).

Long-leggedmyotls (Myotisvolans) Of 92 bats of this speciesexamined, 28 (30.4 percent) had mites. Most abundant

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Mites of Oregon Bats 101 were the two species commonly fotnd. ot Myotit spp., Marcranlrrar oosbyi ar'd Spin ,trnix rtmericdniu,and the oew macronyssid.Five specimensof Notoedtet (Bakera- car%r) sp. were found, along with one each of CrlpronyrtuJ d.ewltoriat, Spintarnix baAeri,S. globotus,Pteracaras sp. closelyresembling P. mintiu daabentoni (pers. comm., A. Fain), Acanthophthiriu sp. ne;:. yacilir, Leptotronbid.iatn myori:, atd Aldbitlo- cdrpul cdlcarat !. Spintarnix globows stasprwiously known from the anus of Myotis soclalh and M. grlrercen! in the easrernUnited States (Rudnick 1960). Acanthophthiritrsgracilis was describedfrom Myotis keerzii from Indiana (Faio and \Thitaker 1976), and Lepto- tromb liam mlotiJ w^s found on severalspecies of Oregon bars in this study.Pteracants minurar ddabentoni was describedfrcm Mlotis d,atbentoni and M. myotit in Czecho- slovakia (Dusbabek 1973). Mires previously reported from Myotis tolaw ate Mac- rcnytsus crosbyi, Pteracaras chalinolobas, Spintunix anteticanas, arLdLeptotrombid.i.um rtyorit (Whltaket and \Tilson 1974, Andersenand Jones 1971). Nevr distributional rccords: Cryptonysws desubotius, 1 protonymph, Jackson Co., Mt. Ashland, E. Pilot Rock Spring, 28 August 1!74. Spintarni.x bakeri, 7 Q, Wallowa. Co., 11.5mi NNE N(/allowa,Rockwall Spring, 13 August 1975.S. globovs,l Q, Jackson Co., Mt. Ashland, E. Pilot Rock Spring, 28 August 1974. Ptetdcaru sp. nr. min/ttrt d,aubenoni, 1 Q, same darc. Acatuthophrhiriat sp. v. gracilfu, 1Q, Malheur Co., Pole Creek,29 June 1975. Alabidocarpascalcatatws,I ?, 1i.5 mi NNE Vallowa, Rockwall Spring, 11 August 1977. Notoed.ret (Bakeracarus) sp., 4 Q, 1 protonymph, Jackson Co., Mt. Ashland, E. Pilot Rock Spring,28 August 1974. Atl of the above records are new for Myotis ool.ansand. for the state of Oregon.

Small-fooledmyotis (Myotis leibi) One individual of rhis relatively rare bat was examined.It harboredfour iodividuals of Leptotrombidium m!ati!, This chigger, as well as Spinturaix americanus ar'd Maoo- nyslt crotbli, have previously beeo reported from this host (."lvner 19j4, Whitaker and \Tilson 1!74).

Liitlebrown myotis (Myotis lucilugus) Fifry-two of 154 bats (33.8 percent of this speciesrvere parasitized.The two most abundantparasites were usual ones for this host, Maoonystu cro$yi attd Spin umix antericaryus(Radovsky 1967, Rudnick 1960). Other abundant forms wele rhe oew macronyssidspecies aod Lep,otrotnbidi&?n my ot;r. Numerous species of mites have been recorded from the little brown myotis (Whitaker aod Vilson 1974, Yunker 1958). New host rccotd'. Ctyptonjrr:/6 d,esultoriu,2 protonymphs,Hood River Co., Vienti Park, 6.5 mi. I[. Hood River, 3 August 1974; L. Keller, coll.

Yumamyotis (Myolis yurnanengis) Twenty-one of 46 Yuma myotis (45.7 prcent ) were found to have mires. The three speciesmost often associatedwith Myotit spp. io Oregon were found: Spinturtlix americanut,Macronyuut crotbyi, and the new maclooyssid species.Mites previously reported from this host are Alabidocaeu: calcaratu, Macroayssutcrctby| StedronyJrtus erargitudrlr!, ard Spint*.nix americanat (Whitaker and I7ilson 1!74).

102 N7hitaker,Yunker, and Maser Pallid bat (Antrozouspallidus) Parasitesfound on 8 of 21 pallid bats (38.1 percent) included two chiggers,Leptotrom- bidium myotis and V/hartonia perplexa, a macronyssid, Steatonyuur antrozoi, ar.d, two spinturnicids, Sptrnturnix americanut ar.d S. ori. All of these species were previously found on this host in various western states (Brennan and Beck 1956, Vercammeo- Grandjean and Langston 1976, Whitaket and Easteda 1975). A single specimen of a listrophorid mite, Listropborout nzexicanul was taken on one pallid bat of this study. I(e consider this record to represeot an accidental associatioq irlasm.ocll.as L, mexi- cants is a. parasite specific for microtine roderus. New Oregon rccotds. Steatonlsns antrozoi,3 ?, 4 6,16 protonymphson 2 hosts, Harney Co., 3.3 mi. S. Princetoo, 13 J]!ly 7975: 3 ?, L 6,7 protonymphs,Union Co., Meadow Creek, 21 Jvte 1976; 1 d, 51 pfotonymphs from I hosts, Malheur Co., Dry Creek, 30 J,iy 1976.

Big brown bat (Eptesicusluscus) Parasites were fouod on 49 of 78 bats (62.8 petcenr) of this species. Most abundaot wete Steatonystas occidentalis arld. Spinttlrt ix bakeri, Aut.l:. common garasites of this bat. Other species frequently found .qqerethe new maclonyssid species reported abovg and the chigger, Leprotuornbid,itru myotis. Tlte latter has previously been reported from this host (Yunker 1958). Also found were Cryprony|.tur d.esaltorius, Macronytwt crorbyi, Spinltlrnix ameri,can*t, Acanthophthiriut cdud.attutepreric,./.r, Pteracarus aculew, Notoedret (Bakeracarus) sp., and a single specimen of a common rodent parasitg Aad'rolaelapt lahrcnbolzi, vrhich was obviously a contarniqant. Macronyssus crosbyi. and Spintunix americanus ate typically parasites of Myotis spp. but have occasionally beeo recorded Irom Eptesicus lucus (Whitaket and \Tilson 1974) - Acanthophtbiriut caaddtur eprericur was recently described from Epteticws fuscas in Indiana (Fain and Whitaker 1976); this is the first report of its occurrence outside od that state. Pteracarus aculeut was described from EptericuJ melanoprerzrr in Surinam and {rom E. luscu in California (Dusbabek 1973). To our knowledge, Notoed,ret (Bakeracarut) sp. has not previously been rcported ftorn Epte$cu fztscus, New distributional records:Spinturnix bakeri, Tl, Benton Co-, 11 mi S Corvallis, I llf,ay 1970;2 d, Benton Co., Vm. L Findley, National l7ildlife Refuge, 3 Juoe 1974: L ?, 1 d, Malhzur Co-, Pole Creek, 29 lne 1975; 10 9, 2 d from 6 hosts, Harney Co., Catlow Valley, 12 July I)lJ;6 9, | 3,1 protonymph from 3 hosts, Harney Co., Malheur National Iflildlife Refuge, 14 llly l)7);1 Q, Harney Co., Steens Mtns., 1 mi SE Blitzen CrossingCampground, 4 August 1975;2 L Union C-o.,Starkey Experimental Forest, Meadow Creek, 1 1 luJy 1.976; 1 d , Wallo*'a Co., Powwatka Ridge, 12 August 1977; 4 ?,3 6 frcm 4 hostg Baker Co., 8 mi NE Vtity- Acan bopb- tbfuius caadatu eprericul, I j, Harvey Co., Malheur National \Tildlife Refuge, 14 July 1975. Pteracarts acttlettt, I d, Josephine Co., Jumpoff Joe Creek, 29 Au,gst 1974- NotoedreJ (Bakeracarut) sp., 3 d, Deschutes Co., Iodiao Ford Campground, 22 August 1974;2 d, JosephineCo., Jumpoff Joe Creek, 29 Augax 1974. Of the above species, the first three are new fot Oregon, and the last is oew for Eptesicas luscus.

Silver-hairedbat (Lasionycterisnoctivagans) Twenty-one of 44 bats of this species (47.7 perceat) yielded three species of mites.

Mites of Oregon Bats 103 Most abundant were the oew macronyssid ar'd Maoonyssus macrodactylus, The thitd form recovered was the chigger, Leptotrombidium myotis. The last two species have prwiously been reported from the silver-haired bat (Turner 1974, Whiaket and Wilson 1974). Twner (1974) also recorded Macronytttts unidens from L, noctioagdns, btx this mite vras not seen in the present study. New Oregon rccords'. Mauonystas macrodactyl*s, 22 6, i 9, 1 pn, lincolo Co., CascadeHead Experimental Forest, 8 August 1972; 8 6,1 S, 1 protonymph, Deschutes Co., Indian Ford Campgrouod, 22 August 1974;2 protonymPhq Malhzur C-o', Conon- wood Creek, 10 September 1976; 2 6, 1 i, 1 protonymph, Wallowa Co., Powwataka Ridge, 12 August 1977; 3 d,3 9, Grant C.o.,T11S, R30E, 28 July; 1 Q, 1 protorymph, same data but 4 September 1977.

Hoary bat (Lasiuruscinereua) Only one of five bats examined (20 petcent) had ectopatasites,Ste*onysws furruanl' This species, as well as Chiropronl$ur robuttipes and Pleracarus cbaJinolobus, has previously been reported ftom Lasiurus ci'nereu (Whitaket aad Wilson 1974). New Oregon recotd: Steatonystat farnzani,4 9, Baker Co., 8 mi NE Uaity, 11 July 1977-

Westernpipistrelle (Pipistrellus hesper6) Although only Iive of 31 western pipistrelles (15.2 perceot) had mites, five species were fouod. The usual macrooyssid of pipistrelles, Stealonyssusenzarginatu, was takeo along with three chiggers, Albeckia senase, Leptotonzbidium myotil ar,d Loomisia unioari, and a myobiid, Acantbopbrhiliur oregonentis. The othet form found, possibly a contaminant, was Dermac.trur sp., which is not generally a patasite of bats. Both Loorrzitia unfuwi and Acantbopbthi,rius otegonensfu were described fuorn P' betperas (Btennan 1965, Faio and Whitaker 1978). Of the remairitrg four species,only S. erndrgittarur had pteviously been taken from this host ( Vhitaker atrd l(ilson 1974). Other species koown from the western pipistrelle in North America ate Cbirophonysws baen aropbagttt, Cryptonyttt! d'evaboriu arLd Vbartonia perplexa (Ntitaker and '!0ilson 1974, Gould 1956). A single record of the bird pataine, Dermanlssttt dmeri' canas ltom P. besperut is considered accidental (Mqs et al, L970). Nevr distributional rccords: Steatonyswt emargir'atu,4Q, Malheur Co., Succor Creek State Park, 16 June 1974. Albechia senase,2 lawae, Malheur C-o.,Owyhee Canyon, 12 May 7975; 4Lasae, same data but 14 May L975- LePtorrombiditunt n lorir, 1' larya" same data but 21 August \974. Loomisia *rioari, I larva, same data. Prior to this study trone of the above species had beeo teported from Oregon. In addition, two of the trombiculid species,l. senaseal,d L, ,rzlotir, are firt records for Pi.pi:trellus betperus.

Westernbig-eared bat (Plqcotuslown3endi) Twelve of 21 bats of this sPecies (57.1 percent) had parasites The only common mite of this host was Macronysws lorgirctout, which was found oq 12 of the individuals- Noroed.res (Baheracarut) sp. was found on two of the bats. One specinet oI I'azlaps kochi, a pansite of microtine rodents, was also takeo, but its presence rm P. toutntendi is undoubtedly accidental. Other mites reported from this host in North America are Maoonyss .s crosbyi, M. longitetotts, M, unidens, Steatonyuus anttozoi, Pretuctttl cbalinolobut, Leptotrombid.ium n loris, ac,d Efiracbyhelapt debilis (Yhitaker and

104 Vhitaker. Yunker. and Maser 'Wilson 1974, Tvner 1.974). The occurrence on bars of Eubrachyhelaps d.ebilfu, a xrict rodent parasite, probably represents contamination. Specimens oI Noto,ed,res (Bakera- caru) sp. taken during this study were too damaged for specific determination. How- evel N. (Baketacarus) lasionlcterir corynorbini was described fu:lrt Corynorbinas ralinetquii (: Plecorustounrend.i) h West \ ningSa(Fain I95l). New Oregon recordl Macronltsw longisetowt, 1 qf , Malhzur Co., Jordan Crater, 17 July L974; 32 6 ,7 ?, 11 protonymphson 10 hosts,Jacksoo Co., Little Butte Creel 30 August 1974; I ptotonymph,Linn Co., 1% mi N Big LaJ

Acknourledgmenls Represeotative specimens vrere verified as follows: Trombiculidae by Richatd B. Loomis (Depattment of Biology, California State Universiry, Ioog Beach, California) or I7. J. Wrenn (Depanment of Biology, Uoiversity of Nonh Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota) Notoedridae, Myobiidae and I-abidocarpidae by Ale"r Fain (Institut de Medecine tropicale Prioce Leopold, Antwerpen, Belgium). Dr. Loomis also reviewed the manuscript and offered he$fuI advice.

LiteratureCited Andersen,K. 1V.,and l. K. Jorcs,Jr. 1971.Mammals oI northwesternSouth Dakota. Udv. Kansas PubI.Mus. Nat. Hisl 19: 161-391. Brennao,J. M. 1!65.Iive newchiggers from southwestem Ur tedStates (Acarina: Trombiculidae). J. Pararitol.51: 108,113. -, andD. E. B€ck.1956. The chiggersof Utah (Acarina:Trombiculidae). The creat Basin Naturalistlt: 1-26. Dusbabek,F. 1973. A systematicteview of the genusPteracd ts (Acarilonnes;Myobiidae). Acarol- ogia 15: 140-288. Eastor, E. R. 1975. Ectoparasitesin two diverse habitats in western Oreaorl IL Chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae). J. Med. Entomol. 12: 295-29a. F^in, A. 1961. Les Acariens 6oriques parasites des Charves-souris XVII. Le Genre Bakeracattt Farn (2959) SarcoptidaeAcarclosi^ 3: 72-11. -, and J. O. rVhjtaker,Jr. 1976. Notes on the genus AcarfibopLtbir;l.t Perkins in North America (Acarina: Myobiidae). BuII. Ann- Soc.r. belge Ent. 112 127-141. -, and -. 1918. Two new myobiid mites from western North America (Acari: Myo- biidae). J. Parasitol.64: 895-a99. Crould,D. l. 1956. The larval trornbiculid mites of California (Acarina: Trembiculidae). Univ. Calif.Publ. En'omol. l1r 1-I16. Maser, C., and J. O. Vhitaker, Jr. 1980. Mites {ound in the fur of a small sampleof heteromyid rodentsfrom Oregon.Northw. Scl.54:279-2a0. Moss,\(/- \F., C. J. Mitchell, and D. E. Johnston.1970. New North American host and distribution recotds for the mite genrs Dernantssru (Acari: Mesostigmata:Demaoyssidae). J. Med. Entomol. 7, 589-593. Radovsky,!. J. 1967.The Macronyssidaeand Laelapidac(Acarina: Mesostigmata)parasitic on bats. Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol.46: 1-288. Rudniclc,A. 1960. A revision of the mites of the family Spinturnicidae (Acaiina). Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol lT: 151-241. Turoer, R. V. 1974. Mammals of rhe Black Hills of South Dakota and lfyomirg. Univ. Kanshs Mus.Nar. Hist. Misc. Publ.No. 60: l-178. Vercammen-crandjean,P. H., and R- langston. lg76 The Chigger Mites of the Wodd. III. Le,tornnbid.; rn complex; section A. Leptotlonbidiun s. str. George Irilliams Hooper found., Univ. Calif. SanFtancisco. Whitaker, J, O. Jr. 1979. Origin and evolution of the erternal parasite fauna of western ju.rnping mice, genusZaPnt. Amer Midl. Nat. 101: 49-60. -, and D. A. Easterla.1975. EctoparasitesoI bats from Big Bend National Parh Texas. SouthwesternNat. 20. 241-254. -, and C. Maser. 1979. Parasitic mites of voles of the geneta Aborimz: and, Iag*r^ in Oreson. Nortbw. Sci. 51 . 224-227. and R. J. Pedersen.1979. Food and ectopaBsiticmites oI Oregon moles Notthw. Sci.5i: 268-211. and I0. M.'Vallace. 1919. Parasiticmites of the mountain bez\er ( Aplodonria rufa) trom Oregon.Northw. Sci. 1i: 264-267.

Mites of Oregon Bars 105 -, c. L. Tieben, ard C. Maser. 1980. Mites (exduding chiggers) from the fur of five species of westernOregon shrews.Northw. Sci. 54: 26-29. -, and N. \qilson. 1974. Host and distribution lists of mites (Acari), parasiticard phoretic, in the hair of wild mammalsof Nonh America, nonh of Me{co. Amer- Midl. Natur. 91: r-61. Yunker, C. E. 1958. The parasiticmites ol Myot^ I.cilugas (I€ Conte). Proc. I{elminthol. Soc. Wash.25: 3I-)4.

Receiaed,Iuly 17, 1981 Accepted.lor publi.cationSeptember 18, 1981

106 l{4ritaker. Yunker. and Maser